KĐĐT

DC - AC CONVERTER

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

page 2
 DC - AC CONVERTER

5.1. DC-AC converter overview

KĐĐT

+ CONVERTER
VDC LOAD AC
- DC-AC

Figure 5.1.1:
ĐỖDC-AC
ĐỨCconverter
TRÍ diagram
❑ Convert direct current to alternating current.

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 DC - AC CONVERTER
❑ Application of the DC-AC converter.

➢ PV System;
KĐĐT
➢ Synchronous or asynchronous motor control;
➢ Electric Vehicles and backup power systems (UPS).
❑ Classification of DC-AC converters.

1. Direct voltage source conversion;

2. Indirect voltage source conversion.

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
- Six-step converter;

+ 1200 conduction and 600 phase shift, 1800 conduction and 600 phase shift
- Sinusoidal PWM strategy and Space vector strategy.
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 DC - AC CONVERTER
5.2. Single-phase DC-AC converter.
5.2.1 Single-phase H-bridge with ON/OFF technique.
Ucon S1, S3
KĐĐT
S1 S2 t

E Ucon S2, S4
A B
t
URL
S4 S3
+E

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
t
Condition: S1 ≠ S4; S2 ≠ S3; S1 =S ;S =S .
3 2 4
S1, S3 on; S2, S4 off: Current through A to B, VRL = +E.
S1, S3 off; S2, S4 on: Current through B to A, VRL = -E. -E
Figure 5.1.2: Waveforms of single-phase
H-bridge inverter.
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 DC - AC CONVERTER

1  2 T   2 T 
VAB _ rms = VA − VB =  +  ( − E )  = E
 E  KĐĐT (5.1.1)
T  2  2 

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

page 6
 DC - AC CONVERTER
5.2.2 Single-phase H-bridge with SinPWM technique.
S1 S2 Va Vb

E
KĐĐT
A B t

S4 S3

Vcona
Sina + Vcona
S1 t
Car -
S4 ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
Vconb
t
Vconb
Sinb + S2
Car - Figure 5.1.3: Waveforms of single-phase H-
S3 bridge inverter with SinPWM technique.
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 DC - AC CONVERTER

ma E
VA _1_ Peak = −VB _1_ Peak = (5.2.1)
2
KĐĐT
Where
2Vsin A
ma = (5.2.2)
VRamp _ P _ P

VAB _1_ Peak = ma E (5.2.3)

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

5.3.3 Formula definition.

G
P KĐĐT RA RB RC
S1 D1 S3 D3 S5 D5
E
A
B
C
S4 D4 S6 D6 S2 D2

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
Figure 5.1.4: Three-phase two-level inverter.
RA = RB = RC ; iA + iB + iC = 0 (5.3.1)

VRA + VRB + VRC = 0; VAG + VBG + VCG = 0 (5.3.2)

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 DC - AC CONVERTER
G
P RA RB RC
S1 D1 S3 S5 D5

KĐĐT
D3
E
A
B
C
S4 D4 S6 D6 S2 D2

VAO + VBO + VCO

VAG = VAO − VGO → VAG = VAO − ( CMV ) (5.3.3)
3
ĐỖVĐỨC TRÍ
AO + VBO + VCO
VBG = VBO − VGO → VBG = VBO − ( CMV ) (5.3.4)
3
V + VBO + VCO (5.3.5)
VCG = VCO − VGO → VCG = VCO − AO ( CMV )
3
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 DC - AC CONVERTER

 2 1 1  2 1
VAG = 3 VAO − 3 VBO − 3 VCO
1
 3 − − 
 KĐĐT
VAG   3 3
 VAO 
 1 2 1
 BG
V = − V + V − VCO or VBG  =  − 1 2 − 1  . VBO  (5.3.6)
   3 3 3  
AO BO
 3 3 3
 1 1 2 VCG    VCO 
V
 CG = − V AO − VBO + VCO , − 1
−
1 2 
 3 3 3  3 3 3 

U AB = VAG − VBG
 ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
U BC = VBG − VCG (5.3.7)
U = V − V ,
 CA CG AG

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 DC - AC CONVERTER
5.4. Three-phase DC-AC converter S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
5.4.1 1200 conduction and 600 phase shift. S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
KĐĐT
G
60o 120o 180o
RA RB RC UAB UBC
G UAC G G
S1 D1 S3 D3 S5 D5 - - - +
+ +

A R R R R R R
E
B

C
A B C A B C A B C
S4 D4 S6 D6 S2 D2 + E - + E - + E -

O 240o 300o 360o

UBA G UCA G G UCB
+ - N + - + -

•
ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
t0 (60o; 120o) S1 and S6 on, current through RA and RB
R R R R
• t1 = (120o; 180o) S2 and S1 on, current through RA and Rc R R

• t2 = (180o; 240o) S3 and S2 on, current through RB and RC

A B C A B C A B C
• t3 = (240o; 300o) S4 and S3 on, current through RB and RA - E + - E + - E +

• t4 = (300o; 360o) S5 and S4 on, current through RC and RA Figure 5.4.1: Mode 1200-offset 600
• t5 = (360o; 420o) S6 and S5 on, current through RC and RB
inverter.
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 DC - AC CONVERTER
60o 120o 180o
UAB UAC G
UBC VAG
G G
- - - + +E/2
+ +
t

KĐĐT
R R R R R R
0

A B C A B C A B C -E/2
+ E - + E - + E - VBG
+E/2
Voltage table
t
State 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 0
UAB UAC UBC UBA UCA UCB
UAG +E/2 +E/2 0 -E/2 -E/2 0 -E/2
VCG
+E/2
UBG -E/2 0 +E/2 +E/2 0 -E/2
UCG 0 -E/2 -E/2 0 ĐỖ
+E/2 ĐỨC
+E/2 TRÍ t
0
UAB +E +E/2 -E/2 -E -E/2 +E/2
UBC -E/2 +E/2 +E +E/2 +E/2 -E -E/2

UCA -E/2 -E -E/2 +E/2 +E +E/2

Figure 5.1.6: Mode 1200-offset 600
inverter.
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 DC - AC CONVERTER

 KĐĐT  E
2 /3 2 5 /3 2
1 E E
VAG _ RMS =     d +   −  d   = (5.4.1)
2  0  2    2  6

E
VAB _ RMS = 3.VAN _ RMS == (5.4.2)
2

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

Exercise 20: Allow the voltage source inverter to know that

E=539V. KĐĐT
a. Draw the load wiring diagram from step 1 to 6 when the IGBTs
are controlled with 120-degree conduction IGBTs and a 60-
degree phase shift.
b. Make a table of the phase voltage and line to line voltage on the
load corresponding toĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍconduction IGBTs and a 60-
120-degree
degree phase shift.
c. Determine phase voltage VAG and line to line voltage VAB.

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

a. Draw the load wiring diagram from step 1 to 6 when the IGBTs are
controlled with 120-degree KĐĐT
conduction IGBTs and a 60-degree phase
shift.
+ E - + E - + E -
A B C A B C A B C

RA RB RA RC RB RC

- + G - G + - G +
UAB UAC UBC

- E
B
+
ĐỖ
C
ĐỨC
A
-
B
E
TRÍ
C
+
A
-
B
E
C
+

RA RB RA RB RB RC

+ - G + G - + G -
UBA UCA UCB

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

b. Make a table of the phase voltage and line to line voltage on the
KĐĐT
load corresponding to 120-degree conduction IGBTs and a 60-degree
phase shift.

State 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600

UAB UAC UBA UBC UCA UCB
UAG +E/2 +E/2 0 -E/2 -E/2 0
UBG -E/2 0 +E/2 +E/2 0 -E/2
UCG 0
ĐỖ
-E/2
ĐỨC
-E/2
TRÍ
0 +E/2 +E/2
UAB +E +E/2 -E/2 -E -E/2 +E/2
UBC -E/2 +E/2 +E +E/2 +E/2 -E
UCA -E/2 -E -E/2 +E/2 +E +E/2

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

c. Determine phase voltage VAG and line to line voltage VAB.

KĐĐT
1  2 /3
E
2 5 /6
E
2
 E 539
VAG _ RMS =     d +    d   = = = 220V
2  0  2    2   6 6

539
VAB _ RMS = 3.VAG _ RMS = = 380V
2

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

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 DC - AC CONVERTER
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
5.4.2 1800 conduction and 600 phase shift. S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4
KĐĐT
RA RB RC
S1 D1 S3 D3 S5 D5

A
E
B

S4 D4 S6 D6 S2 D2

• t0 (60o; 180o) S1, S5 and S6 on, current through RA, RC and RB

• ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
t1 (120o; 240o) S1 and S2,S6 on, current through RA,RB and Rc
• t2 (180o; 300o) S1, S3 and S2 on, current through RA, RB and RC
• t3 (240o; 360o) S3 and S2, S4 on, current through RB and RA , Rc
• t4 (300o; 420o) S3, S5 and S4 on, current through RB, Rc and RA
Figure 5.4.2: 1800 conduction
• t5 (360o; 480o) S5, S4 and S6 on, current through RC and RA, RB
and 600 phase shift.
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 DC - AC CONVERTER

Step 1: Between 0°÷60° - S1, S5 and S6 on. VAG

+2E/3
KĐĐT +E/3
t
60°
- E/3
S1 S3 S5
+E A C -2E/3
VBG
D1 D5
D3
+E/3 +
+2E/3
E +E/3 t
G -
G - E/3 60°
-2 E/3
-2 E/3
B VCG
0 S4 S6 S2
+2E/3
D4 ĐỖD6 ĐỨCD2 TRÍ +E/3 t
60°
- E/3
-2 E/3

Figure 5.2.2: Mode 600 diagram

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

Step 2: Between 60°÷120° - S1, S2 and S6 on. VAG

+2E/3

KĐĐT +E/3
60° 120°
t
S1
- E/3
S3 S5
-2E/3
+E A D1 D3 D5
VBG
+2E/3
+2E/3 E + + E/3
t
G - G - E/3
60° 120°
-2 E/3
-E/3 VCG
S4 S6 S2
B C +2E/3
0 t
ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
+E/3
D4 D2 D6
60° 120°
- E/3
-2 E/3

Figure 5.2.3: Mode 1200 diagram

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

Step 3: Between 120°÷180° - S1, S2 and S3 on. +2E/3

VAG

KĐĐT + E/3
60° 120° 180°
t
- E/3
S1 S3 -2E/3
S5
+E VBG
A B +2E/3
D1 D3 D5
+E/3 + +E/3
E t
60° 120° 180°
G - G - E/3
-2 E/3
-2 E/3 VCG
S4 S2 +2E/3
C S6
0 +E/3 t
ĐỖ
D4 ĐỨC
D6 TRÍ
D2 60° 120° 180°
- E/3
-2 E/3

Figure 5.2.4: Mode 1800 diagram

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

Step 4: Between 180°÷240° - S3, S4 and S2 on. VAG

+2E/3

KĐĐT +E/3
60° 120° 180° 240°
t
- E/3
S1 S3 S5 -2E/3
+E VBG
B D5 +2E/3
D1 D3 +E/3
+ t
+2E/3 E - E/3 60° 120° 180° 240°
G - G
-2 E/3
VCG
-E/3 S4 +2E/3
S2
A C S6 +E/3
0
D4 ĐỖ D6ĐỨC D2TRÍ - E/3 60° 120° 180° 240°
t

-2 E/3

Figure 5.2.5: Mode 2400 diagram

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

Step 5: Between 240°÷300° - S3, S4 and S5 on. +2E/3

VAG

KĐĐT +E/3
60° 120° 180° 240° 300°
t
- E/3
S1 S3 S5
+E B C -2E/3 VBG
D5
+E/3 + D1 D3 +2E/3
+E/3 t
E
G - G - E/3 60° 120° 180° 240° 300°

-2 E/3 S4 VCG
A S6 S2 +2E/3
0 +E/3 t
ĐỖ ĐỨC
D4
D6 TRÍ D2
- E/3 60° 120° 180° 240° 300°

-2 E/3

Figure 5.2.6: Mode 3000 diagram

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

Step 6: Between 300°÷360° - S4, S5 and S6 on. VAG

+2E/3

KĐĐT +E/3

60° 120° 180° 240° 300° 360°

t

S1 - E/3
S3 S5
+E -2E/3
C VBG
D1 D3 D5 +2E/3
+2E/3 + +E/3
E t
G - G 60° 120° 180° 240° 300° 360°
- E/3
-2E/3
-E/3 S4 S6 S2 VCG
A B +2E/3
0
ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
+E/3
D4 D6 t
D2
60° 120° 180° 240° 300° 360°
- E/3
-2 E/3

Figure 5.2.7 Mode 3600 diagram

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 DC - AC CONVERTER
+2E/3 VAG
+E/3
t
0

KĐĐT -E/3

-2E/3
VBG
+2E/3

+E/3
t
0
State 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600
UAB UAC UBA UBC UCA UCB -E/3

+𝑬 +𝟐𝑬 +𝑬 −𝑬 −𝟐𝑬 −𝑬 -2E/3

UAG
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 VCG
−𝟐𝑬 −𝑬 +𝑬 +𝟐𝑬 +𝑬 −𝑬
UBG +2E/3

UCG
𝟑
+𝑬
𝟑
−𝑬
𝟑
−𝟐𝑬
𝟑
−𝑬 ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ +E/3
𝟑
+𝑬
𝟑
+𝟐𝑬
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 t
0
UAB +E +E 0 -E -E 0
-E/3
UBC -E 0 +E +E 0 -E -2E/3
600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600
UCA 0 -E -E 0 +E +E
Figure 5.2.8: The output waveforms
(Mode 1800-offset 600) page 26
 DC - AC CONVERTER

  /3 2 2 /3 2  2

VAG _ RMS =
1 E
    d +   KĐĐT
 2 E   E 
 d +    d  =
2E
(5.4.3)
  0  3   /3  3  2 /3 
3  3

2
VAB _ RMS = 3.VAG _ RMS = E (5.4.4)
3

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

Exercise 21: Allow the voltage source inverter to know that E=467V.
KĐĐT
a. Draw the load wiring diagram from step 1 to 6 when the IGBTs are
controlled with 180-degree conduction IGBTs and a 60-degree
phase shift.
b. Make a table of the phase voltage and line to line voltage on the
load corresponding to 180-degree conduction IGBTs and a 60-
degree phase shift. ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
c. Determine phase voltage VAG and line to line voltage VAB.

page 28
 DC - AC CONVERTER

a. Draw the load wiring diagram from step 1 to 6 when the IGBTs are
controlled with 180-degree conduction IGBTs and a 60-degree
KĐĐT
phase shift.

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

page 29
 DC - AC CONVERTER

b. Make a table of the phase voltage and line to line voltage on the
KĐĐT conduction IGBTs and a 60-
load corresponding to 180-degree
degree phase shift.

State 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600

UAB UAC UBA UBC UCA UCB
+𝑬 +𝟐𝑬 +𝑬 −𝑬 −𝟐𝑬 −𝑬
UAG
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
−𝟐𝑬 −𝑬 +𝑬 +𝟐𝑬 +𝑬 −𝑬
UBG
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
+𝑬 −𝑬 −𝟐𝑬 −𝑬 +𝑬 +𝟐𝑬
UCG
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
UAB +E +E 0 -E -E 0

UBC -E 0 +E +E 0 -E

UCA 0 -E -E 0 +E +E

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

c. Determine phase voltage VAG and line voltage VAB.

KĐĐT
1   /3
E
2 2 /3
 2E 
2 
E
2
 2E 2  467
V AG _ RMS =     3  d +   3  d +   3  d  = 3 = 3 = 220V
0  /3 2 /3 
2 2
V AB _ RMS = 3 V AG _ RMS = E 3
= 467
3
= 380V

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

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 DC - AC CONVERTER
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
5.5 Sinusoidal PWM (SinPWM) technique S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
G
S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4
KĐĐT
RA RB RC
S1 D1 S3 D3 S5 D5

A
E
B

S4 D4 S6 D6 S2 D2

• t0 (60o; 180o) S1, S5 and S6 on, current through RA, RC and RB

• ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
t1 (120o; 240o) S1, and S2,S6 on, current through RA and RB,Rc
• t2 (180o; 300o) S1, S3 and S2 on, current through RA, RB and RC
• t3 (240o; 360o) S3 and S2, S4 on, current through RB and RA , Rc
• t4 (300o; 420o) S3, S5 and S4 on, current through RB, Rc and RA
• t5 (360o; 480o) S5, S4 and S6 on, current through RC and RA, RB Figure 5.5.1: 1800 conduction and 600
phase shift.
page 32
 DC - AC CONVERTER
Ua Ub Uc

Ucona
Sina +
S1
KĐĐT t
Car -
S4

Uconb
Sinb + S3 Ucona
Car -
t
S6

Uconb
Sinc
Uconc ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ t
+
S5
Car - Uconc
S2 t

Figure 5.5.2: The waveforms of the SinPWM inverter.

page 33
 DC - AC CONVERTER

UAB 60 120 180 240 300 360 60 120 180 240 300 360
UAG
KĐĐT
t
t

UBC UBG
t
t
UCG
t
UCA ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
t

Figure 5.5.3: Line voltage and phase voltage output waveforms

page 34
 DC - AC CONVERTER

E
VAG _1_ Peak = ma (5.5.1)
2 KĐĐT
E 3
VAB _1_ Peak = 3ma = ma E (5.5.2)
2 2

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

page 35
 DC - AC CONVERTER

Exercise 22: Allow the voltage source inverter to know that E=550V.
KĐĐT
a. Draw control signal VconS1, VconS3, VconS5, VconS4, VconS6, VconS2
according to SinPWM algorithm;
b. Ditermine the maximum phase voltage (VAG) and maximum line
voltage (VAB) at the 1st harmonic with ma=0.8.

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

page 36
 DC - AC CONVERTER
a. Draw control signal VconS1, VconS3,
Ua Ub Uc
VconS5, VconS4, VconS6, VconS2
according to SPWM algorithm; KĐĐT
t
Ucona
Sina +
S1
Car -
S4
Uconb Ucona
Sinb + t
S3
Car -
S6 UconbĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
Uconc t
Sinc +
S5 Uconc
Car - t
S2

page 37
 DC - AC CONVERTER

b. Find the maximum phase voltage (VAG) and maximum line voltage
KĐĐT
(VAB) at the 1st harmonic when ma=0.8;

E 550
VAG _1_ Peak = ma = 0.8  = 220V
2 2

E 3 3
VAB _1_ Peak = 3ma = ma E = 0.8  550 = 380V
2 2 2
ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

page 38
 DC - AC CONVERTER
 2 1 1
 3 − 3 − 3
5.6 Space vector PWM (SVPWM) technique VAG    VAO 
   1 2 1  
VBG  =  − 3 3 − 3  . VBO 
Vβ VCG    VCO 
− 1 − 1 2  

V3 Sector II V2 KĐĐT  3 3 3 

010 110 Voltage Control signal Phase voltage factor

vector S1, S3, S5 VA/VDC VB/VDC VC/VDC
0 000 0 0 0
Vref
1 100 2/3 -1/3 -1/3
V4 θ V2 T2/TS V1 Vα 2 110 1/3 1/3 -2/3
011 000-111 100
V1 T1/TS 3 010 -1/3 2/3 -1/3
V0
4 011 -2/3 1/3 1/3
ĐỖ ĐỨC5 TRÍ 001 -1/3 -1/3 2/3
6 101 1/3 -2/3 1/3
V5 001 Sector V 101 V6
7 111 0 0 0

Figure 5.6.1: a) Hexagon from Combination Vector, b) standard voltage vector

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 DC - AC CONVERTER
β
a. Determined Vα , Vβ and θ
b

KĐĐT
V
β
Vref

α
Vα a

c
Figure 5.6.2: Clarke transformation in SVPWM method
VAG 
V  2 1 −1 / 2 −1ĐỖ
/ 2  ĐỨC  TRÍ
V  =   VBG 
  3 0 3 / 2 − 3 / 2
VCG  (5.6.1)
V
Vref = V + V →  = arctan
2 2

V
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 DC - AC CONVERTER
β
b. Determine the time T1, T2, T0.
V2

KĐĐT
Vref

600
θ α

V1 T1/TS V1
Figure 5.6.3: Reference vector in sector 1
TS T1 T1 +T2 TS
0
Vref dt =  V1dt + 
0 T1
dt + ĐỨC
V2 ĐỖ V0 dtTRÍ
T1 +T2

TS Vref = T1V1 + T2 V2 + T0 V0 (5.6.2)

Where TS = T1 + T2 + T0

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 DC - AC CONVERTER
β

T1 T2
Vref = V1 + V2 V2
(5.6.3)
TS TS KĐĐT
Vref
From figure (5.6.3) and equation (5.6.3)
600
T2   T1  θ α
Vref sin  = V2 sin( ); Vref sin( −  ) = V1 sin( ) V1
TS 3 3 TS 3 V1 T1/TS
(5.6.4)
2
Table of standard voltage vector re place V1 = V2 = Vdc
ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ 3
3Vref  3Vref
T1 = TS sin( −  ); T2 = TS sin( ) (5.6.5)
Vdc 3 Vdc

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 DC - AC CONVERTER
c. Determine the switching time of each switch.
Determine the switching times of switches S1, S3, and S5 in the sector 1 region.V
KĐĐT
β

V3 Sector II V2
V0 V1 V2 V7 010 110

000 100 110 111 Vref

S1 S1=T1+T2+T0/2 V4 θ V2 T2/TS V1 Vα
011 000-111 100
V1 T1/TS
S3 S3=T2+T0/2 V0

S5 S5=T0/2
T0/2 T1 T2 T0/2
ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ V5 001 Sector V 101 V6

Figure 5.6.4: switching times of switches S 1, S3, and S5 in the sector 1 region
Other sectors can be determined similarly to sector 1.
page 43
 Vdc
VAG _1_ Peak = ma (5.6.6)
3
KĐĐT
Vdc
VAB _1_ Peak = 3ma = maVdc (5.6.7)
3

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

5.7. Multilevel inverter topology

KĐĐT
5.7.1 Diode-clamped multilevel Inverter (Neutral point clamped-NPC)

S1a S1b S1c

+
The state of the switch The output
C1 - S 2a S 2b S 2c Symbol
D11 D21 D31
S1x S2x S3x S4x voltage
a uconj +
b
Filter S1
G and
+ DC c Load
-
- P 1 1 0 0 +Vdc/2 C1 S3
S 3a S 3b S 3c +
D12 D22 D32 S2
C2
+
-
O 0 1 1 0 0 -
C1 S4
S 4a S 4b S 4c

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
N 0 0 1 1 -Vdc/2

Figure 5.7.1: Diode-clamped multilevel inverter topology.

The DC source voltage is divided into a number of smaller voltage levels by
series of capacitors
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 DC - AC CONVERTER

5.7.2 Flying-Capacitor Multilevel Inverter

S1a S1b KĐĐT

S1c
Switching
state S1 S2 S 3 S4 Vout
+
C1 - S2a S2b S2c 1 0 0 1 1 -Vdc/2

a
b
Bộ lọc
2 1 0 1 0 0
+ DC và tải 3
- c
Ca
+
- S3a Cb
+
- S3b Cc
+
- S3c
pha
3 0 1 0 1 0

C2
+
-
4 1 1 0 0 +Vdc/2
S4a S4b S4c
uconj +

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
S1
-

Figure 5.7.2: Flying-capacitor multilevel

C1 S3
+
S2
inverter topology. -
C1 S4

Replacement capacitors for clamping diodes

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

5.7.3 Cascade Multilevel Inverter

A B
KĐĐT C

S1a S4a S1b S4b S1c S4c Vout = V0 V01 S1 S2 S3 S4

+ DC + DC + DC
Vx0 = +V +V 1 0 1 0
- - -
S2a S3a S2b S3b S2c S3c 0 0 1 1 0
Vx0 = 0
0 1 0 0 1

0
Vx0 = -V -V 0 1 0 1

Figure 5.7.3: Cascade Multilevel Inverter

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍTopology.

Use separate DC sources, which are appropriate when using

available DC sources, such as batteries.

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

5.8. Algorithm
KĐĐT
5.8.1 POD and APOD algorithm.
T
1 CR2
Va

0
t

-1
CR1
t
S1a
0
S2a t

ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
0
S3a t
0
S4a
0
t

Figure 5.8.1: POD and APOD algorithm.

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

5.8.2 PD algorithm

1
T KĐĐT
CR2
Va

0
t

-1
CR1
t
S1a
0
S2a t
0
S3a t
0
S4a ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
0
t

Figure 5.8.2: PD algorithm

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 DC - AC CONVERTER

5.8.3 PS algorithm

1
KĐĐT
CR CR1
Va 2

0
t

-1

t
S1a
0
S2a t
0
S3a t
0
S4a ĐỖ ĐỨC TRÍ
0
t

Figure 5.8.3: PS algorithm

page 50