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Introduction To Computing

The document provides an overview of topics for a midterm exam on computing fundamentals including hardware, operating systems, software applications, internet skills, troubleshooting, digital literacy, programming, cybersecurity, adaptability, and digital citizenship. It also describes the role of BIOS in initializing hardware, running POST tests, configuring settings, and updating firmware. Additionally, it defines input, output and storage components including displays, printers, audio output, external devices, and the ALU and RAM within computers.

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Elijah B Tugad
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22 views2 pages

Introduction To Computing

The document provides an overview of topics for a midterm exam on computing fundamentals including hardware, operating systems, software applications, internet skills, troubleshooting, digital literacy, programming, cybersecurity, adaptability, and digital citizenship. It also describes the role of BIOS in initializing hardware, running POST tests, configuring settings, and updating firmware. Additionally, it defines input, output and storage components including displays, printers, audio output, external devices, and the ALU and RAM within computers.

Uploaded by

Elijah B Tugad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING: REVIEWER

FOR MIDTERM EXAM


1. Basic Hardware Knowledge: Understanding the basic components such as central
processing unit (CPU) ,memory (RAM).
2. Operating Systems: How to navigate user interface, manage files and folders.
Examples are Linux, Windows, Mac Os.
3. Software Application: Understanding how to use these tools for productivity is vital.
Examples are Microsoft Word, Microsoft Powerpoint and other different applications.
4. Internet Skills: Knowing how to use the internet safely and effectively. This include web
searching , using emails and understanding online privacy.
5. Basic Troubleshooting: You should be able to diagnose and fix common computer
problems, such as soft ware glitches and connectivity issues.
6. Digital Literacy: Beyond the basic, digital literacy involves understanding concepts like
data privacy and ethical use of technology.
7. Programming and Coding: While not mandatory for every computer user. It allows you
to automate task, create software , and understand how technology works at a deeper
level.
8. Cybersecurity Awareness: Being aware to cybersecurity threats and best practices.
9. Adaptability: Technology evolves rapidly. Being adaptable and open to learning new
tolls and techniques as they emerges.
10. Digital Citizenship: involves responsible and ethical behavior in the digital realm.
Includes respecting copyright laws and being a responsible digital citizen

Role of bios
The BIOS means Basic Input/Output System. It is a Firmware that is store on a motherboard’s EEPROM
(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) or flash memory chip. It’s the first chip that
runs when the computer turns on.

FUNCTIONS
1. Power-On-Self-Test (POST): a diagnostic tests that checks the hardware components
including CPU,RAM and Storage Devices.
2. Initialization: initializes and configures essential hardware components to make the m
ready for the operating system.
3. Boot Process: Bios locates and loads the operating system. It search for bootable
devices like DVD,HDD,SSD and transfers control to the bootloader program located on
that device.
4. CMOS Setup Utility: allows user to access and configure settings through the CMOS
(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) setup utility. Stored in a small portion of
the motherboards’s memory known as CMOS RAM.
5. Security Functions: provides some security features, such as passwords protection for
accessing the CMOS setup utility or even booting the computer. Helps prevent
unauthorized access to system settings.
6. Updating Firmware: BIOS can be updated to fix bugs, improve compatibility with new
hardware or enchance system stability. Typically involves downloading a firmware
update from the motherboard manufacturer and using a specialized utility to apply the
update.

Input, output and storage


1. Input: refers to any data or commands that are entered into a computer system to be
processed.
2. Output: refers to result or information that a computer provides to user or other devices
after processing input.
a. Display: allows users to interact with the computer visually
b. Printers: physical copy of the processed data.
c. Audio Output: Speakers,headphones allows users to hear sounds.
d. External Devices: projectors,external monitors or networks-connected devices.

3. Storage: Refers to media and devices to stores and retain data and program for future
use.

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)- a component within the CPU that performs arithmetic
operations and logical operations on data.
Random Access Memory (RAM)- a temporary fast access to data

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