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Static

This document discusses static, clock-driven scheduling for real-time systems with hard deadlines. It provides an example of scheduling four periodic tasks and constructing a static schedule that guarantees all jobs will meet their deadlines. It then describes two types of clock-driven schedules: table-driven scheduling which pre-computes and stores a schedule in a table, and cyclic scheduling which repeats a pre-computed schedule over a major cycle.

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54 views3 pages

Static

This document discusses static, clock-driven scheduling for real-time systems with hard deadlines. It provides an example of scheduling four periodic tasks and constructing a static schedule that guarantees all jobs will meet their deadlines. It then describes two types of clock-driven schedules: table-driven scheduling which pre-computes and stores a schedule in a table, and cyclic scheduling which repeats a pre-computed schedule over a major cycle.

Uploaded by

narendra29000
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Static, Clock-Driven Scheduler

Rajiv Bikram
Apr 15, 2022
1919 views
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When the parameter of job with hard deadline are known before the system begins
the execution then the static schedules of jobs can be developed at offline and
processor time allocated to a jobs is equal to its maximum execution time.

The scheduler dispatches the jobs according to the static schedule and repeats the
jobs in each hyper periods. The static schedule guarantees that each job completes
by its deadline and no job overrun can occur.

Example:

Four independent periodic tasks: T1 = (4, 1), T2 = (5, 1.8), T3 = (20, 1), T4 = (20, 2)
Utilization = 1/4 + 1.8/5 + 1/20 + 2/20 = 0.76

Hyperperiod = LCM (4, 5, 20, 20) = 20

According to this specification, schedules be generated as:

Time Release Job Running Job


0 J11, J21, J31, J41 J11(T1)
1 J21, J31,J41 J21(T2)
2.8 J31, J41 J31(T3)
3.8 J41 --------------
4 J12, J41 J12(T1)
5 J13, J41 J22(T2)
6.8 J41 ------------------
8 J23, J41 J13(T1)
9 J41 ---------------------
10 J23,J41 J23(T2)
11.8 J41 --------------------
12 J14, J41 J14(T1)
13 J41 J41(T4)
15 J24 -----------------
16 J15,J24 J15(T1)
17 J24 J24(T2)
Corresponding static schedule be constructed as:
In this schedule T1 starts its execution at 0 time and repeats after each periods.
Some intervals are not used by periodic task called as slack time. This adds the
advantage since other a periodic jobs can be executed here.

Types of Clock Driven Schedules:

There are two types of clock driven schedules.

1. Table Driven Scheduling


2. Cyclic Schedule

1. Table Driven Scheduling:

Table driven schedulers usually pre-compute which task would run when and store
this schedule in a table at the time the system is designed. Rather than automatic
computation of schedule by the scheduler, the application programmer can be given
the freedom to select his own schedule for the set of tasks in the application and
store the schedule in a table (called schedule table) to be used by the scheduler at
the run time.

An example of a schedule table is shown as following fig. There is difficult to


implement the scheduling since the table becomes very large in case of large and
complex system.

Tasks Start time in millisecond


T1 0
T2 3
T3 10
T4 12
T5 17
Fig: Time Driven Scheduling

2. Cyclic Schedule:

Cyclic schedules are very popular and extensively used in industry. Cyclic schedules
are simple, efficient and are easy to program. An example application where cyclic
schedule is used, is a temperature controller. A temperature controller periodically
samples the temperature of a room and maintains it at a preset value. Such
temperature controllers are embedded in typical computer- controlled air
conditioners.
Tasks Frame Number
T3 F1
T1 F2
T3 F3
T4 F2
Fig. Example schedule table for cyclic scheduler

A cyclic scheduler repeats a pre-computed schedule. The pre-computed schedule


needs to be stored only for one major cycle.

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