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Sec 1 Math

1) The document discusses various math topics including factors, multiples, prime and composite numbers, prime factorization, indices, HCF, LCM, rational and irrational numbers, estimation, algebra, equations, angles, ratios, rates, percentages, area, perimeter, volume and surface area. 2) Key formulas discussed include prime factorization, HCF, LCM, rates, speed, percentage calculations, area and perimeter of shapes, volume and surface area of cubes, cuboids, cylinders and prisms. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate concepts like prime factorization, solving equations, percentage calculations, rates, conversions between units.

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Ishrath
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236 views

Sec 1 Math

1) The document discusses various math topics including factors, multiples, prime and composite numbers, prime factorization, indices, HCF, LCM, rational and irrational numbers, estimation, algebra, equations, angles, ratios, rates, percentages, area, perimeter, volume and surface area. 2) Key formulas discussed include prime factorization, HCF, LCM, rates, speed, percentage calculations, area and perimeter of shapes, volume and surface area of cubes, cuboids, cylinders and prisms. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate concepts like prime factorization, solving equations, percentage calculations, rates, conversions between units.

Uploaded by

Ishrath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sec 1 Math Topics

Chapter1: Factors and Multiples


1) Factors
The factors of 12 are as follows:
12=12 x 1
=6x2
=3x4
Therefore, the factors of 12 are 1,2,3,4,6 and 12

2)Multiples
The Multiples of 3 are as follows:
3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30….
Multiples are the multiplication table of the particular number.

Composite/Prime number
Prime Numbers are numbers greater than 1 that has only 1 factor;1
and itself
E.g 2,3,5,7,11,13,17….
Whereas Composite numbers is a whole number that is also greater
than 1 that has more than one factors
E.g 6(1,2,3,6)
Prime factorisation
30= 2 x 3 x 5
In this case 30, is a composite number while 2,3,5 are prime
numbers. This way to express it is called prime factorisation.
*Note: When prime factorising, always use the smallest prime
number (2) first. Followed by the other prime numbers.
Index Notation
6 x 6=6², read as 6 squared
This is known as index notation where the index shows the no. of
times the base multiplied itself.
Highest Common Factor (HCF)
The largest common factor of 2 or more numbers is called HCF.
To find the HCF of 2 numbers you have to prime factorise the two
numbers and then, you have to use the smallest power and the
numbers must appear in both factors
E.g
225=3²x5²
30=2 x 3 x5
HCF=3 x 5
=15
Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
The smallest common multiple of 2 or more is called LCM.
To find LCM, you also factorize both numbers first and then, you
have to use the highest power but does not have to be common
E.g
24=2³ x 3
90=2 x 3²x 5
LCM =23 x 32 x 5

Chapter2: Real Numbers


On a number line, All the positive numbers to the right of the
0. And all negative numbers to the left of the 0.
*APPLIES TO ANY ORDER OF OPERATION
(+)(+)=(+)
(-)(-)=(+)
(-)(+)=(-)
(+)(-)=(-)
Irrational/Rational Number
Whenever you divide 2 integers (Whole number), it may not
always be a perfect number. This is what is called rational
numbers.
Rational Numbers are numbers that can be expressed as a
fraction.
Irrational number are numbers where the answer keeps
going on and on….
E.g Convert 9/11 as a decimal
Ans: 0.8181818….
Since the repeated number here is 81, you put a dot above 8
and 1

Chapter 4: Estimation and Approximation


Whenever the last digit is 5 and above, round up. If
otherwise, round down.
Chapter5: Algebra (Sec 1)
In algebra (a x a) is not the same as (a+a). This is a common
mistake made amongst students.
a x a= a squared or a2 and a+a= 2a

Try some question!!!!


(a)5s x 3t + 1 x u
(b)m-4n x 6m x m
(c)(a x 4 – b x b) / 2c
(d)3x – b / c – 5 x y

Chapter5: Algebraic Manipulation


Remember the rainbow method Mr. Lee thought you and
attempt these questions.
(a)-4(-6x-3)
(b)(-2s-t)-(3s+t)
(c)-(-5x+8y-7)

Chapter6: Simple Linear Equations in One Variable


Whenever we add/subtract/divide/multiply on either the
Right or the Left hand side, we also have to do it one the
other side as well.
e.g
x-5=11
x-5+5=11=5
x=16
Equation Involving Brackets
Similar to above, we apply the same law.
3(3x)=2(3x+6)
9x=6x+12
9x-6x=6x+12-6x when u subtract 6x on one side do it on the other side as well

3x=12
x=4

Chapter7: Angles, Parallel lines and Triangles


To measure angles, use your protractor!!
Types of Angles
Acute angle: Angle is lesser than 90°
Right-Angled: Angle is exactly 90°
Obtuse Angle: Angle is more than 90°but lesser than 180°
Straight Angle: Angle is exactly 180°
Reflex angle: Angle is more than 180° but lesser than 360°
Common Properties of Angles
Adj. angles on a str. line=Suggesting total angles sum is 180°
Angles at a pt. = Suggesting total angles sum is 360°
Vert. opp. angles = The angles are vertically opposite each
other

Chapter8: Rate, Ratio, Speed


Ratio
Ratio of a is to b can be presented by a:b, which can be
presented as a fraction as well. And always leave it in
simplest form!
E.g 3:1, 7:2
Rate
Rate in general involves 2 quantities and is usually expressed
as 1 quantity per unit of the other quantity
E.g Mary types 280 words in 5 minutes. Find her rate of
typing in words/min

Answer: Mary’s rate of typing: 280/5=56 word/min


*Always remember the units!!!!
Speed
Speed’s formulae: Distance/Time
Units may vary: km/h, m/min, m/s, km/s, cm/s and so on…..

Conversion of Units
1 km=1000m
1km=100000cm
1hr=3600secs
1hr=60mins

Chapter 9: Percentage
A percentage can be expressed as a fraction with 100 as a
denominator
E.g
38
= 38%
100

Expressing 1 Quantity as a Percentage of Another


A percentage can also be used to compare a part to the
whole
E.g There are 96 students in choir and 54 of them are boys.
Find the percentage of boys in choir
54
× 100 = 56.25%
96
Percentage Increase and Decrease
𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
Formulae for Percentage Increase= × 100%
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

E.g A price of a bowl increase from $2.50 to $3. Find the


percentage increase.
$0.50
× 100% = 20%
$2.50
𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
Formulae for Percentage Decrease= × 100%
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
E.g Volume of water in a glass decreases from 200 to 150
50
× 100% = 25%
200

Formulae for Percentage Discount


𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡
× 100%
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒

E.g
During a sale, a chain was sold for $2380. If the marked price
was $3400, find the percentage discount.
3400 − 2380
× 100% = 30%
3400
Formulae to find selling price= Original price×(100%-
Percentage discount)
E.g
The marked price of a jacket is $260. It is sold at 20%
discount. Find its selling price.
Selling price= $260 × (100%-20%)
=$208
GST
Formulae for GST= Price Of Product × 7% GST

Chapter11: Area and Perimeter of Plane Figures


. The Circumference of the circle is 2𝜋r/𝜋d
And the area is 𝜋 × 𝑟 × 𝑟

Chapter12: Volume and Surface area of Solids


The volume of a cube is always x3. Where x is the length of a
side. Whereas the surface area of a cube is 6x2.

The volume of a cuboid is always 𝐿 × 𝐵 × 𝐻. Whereas the


surface area of the cuboid is 2 × (𝑙𝑏 + 𝑙ℎ + 𝑏ℎ).

The volume of a prism is always the base area×height.


Whereas the surface area is 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 +
2 × 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (Note that prisms may vary is shape.)
Volume and Surface Area of Cylinder
The volume of a cylinder is 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ.Whereas the surface area is
2𝜋𝑟ℎ + 2𝜋𝑟 2

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