Blacktown Boys’ High School

2022
HSC Trial Examination

Mathematics Extension 1
General • Reading time – 10 minutes
Instructions • Working time – 2 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference sheet is provided for this paper
• All diagrams are not drawn to scale
• In Questions 11−14, show all relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 3−7)

70 • Attempt Questions 1–10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 60 marks (pages 8−14)

• Attempt Questions 11–14
• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

STUDENT NAME: _______________________________________________

Students are advised that this is a trial examination only and cannot in any way
guarantee the content or format of the 2022 Higher School Certificate Examination.
BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Use the multiple choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10. Only the multiple choice answer
sheet will be marked.
1 Three women and three men are to be seated around a circular table. In how many
ways can this be done if the men and women must alternate?

A. 3! × 2!

B. 2! × 2!

C. 5!

D. 6!

2 Consider the slope field below:

What is the possible differential equation for the slope field?

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
A. =−
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦
B. =−
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
C. =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦
D. =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

3 A coin is biased such that the probability of a head on any toss is 0.69.
Which expression states the probability of a head appearing twice on this coin if this
coin is tossed 50 times?

50
A. � � × 0.312 × 0.6948
2

B. 50 × 0.312 × 0.6948

50
C. � � × 0.692 × 0.3148
2

D. 50 × 0.692 × 0.3148

4 The polynomial 4𝑥𝑥 4 − 2𝑥𝑥 3 + 9𝑥𝑥 − 10 has zeroes 𝛼𝛼, 𝛽𝛽, 𝛾𝛾, and 𝛿𝛿.
What is the value of 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼(𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 + 𝛾𝛾 + 𝛿𝛿)?

5
A.
4
5
B. −
4
9
C.
4
9
D. −
4

5 Which expression is equal to � cos2 4𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 ?

𝑥𝑥 sin 8𝑥𝑥
A. + + 𝐶𝐶
2 16
𝑥𝑥 sin 8𝑥𝑥
B. − + 𝐶𝐶
2 16
𝑥𝑥 sin 4𝑥𝑥
C. − + 𝐶𝐶
2 16
𝑥𝑥 sin 4𝑥𝑥
D. + + 𝐶𝐶
2 16

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

6 A committee of 3 students is to be chosen from a group consisting of 5 students who

are girls and 4 students who are boys. What is the probability that 2 boys will be
selected?

1
A.
84

5
B.
84
1
C.
14
5
D.
14

5 4
7 What is the vector projection of 𝒑𝒑 = � � onto 𝒒𝒒 = � � ?
−2 3

A. 𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋

56 42
B. 𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋
100 75

56 42
C. 𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋
25 25

D. 56𝒊𝒊 + 42𝒋𝒋

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

8 The graph of 𝑦𝑦 = cos−1 𝑥𝑥 is shown below:

Which of the following is the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 2 cos−1(𝑥𝑥 − 1)?

A. B.

C. D.

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

9 Jacob draws a vector from the origin to the point 𝐴𝐴(2, −4). Then, he draws another
vector 2𝒊𝒊 + 3𝒋𝒋 from the point 𝐴𝐴, ending in point 𝐵𝐵. How far is point 𝐵𝐵 from the
origin?

A. √15 units

B. √16 units

C. √17 units

D. √19 units

10 The graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is shown below:

What is the domain and range of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥)?

A. Domain: all real 𝑥𝑥

Range: [−1,1]

B. Domain: [−1,1]
Range: all real 𝑦𝑦

C. Domain: [−1,1]
Range: [−1,1]

D. Domain: all real 𝑥𝑥

Range: all real 𝑦𝑦

End of Section 1
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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Section II
60 Marks
Attempt Questions 11−14
Start each question in a SEPARATE booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

For Questions 11−14, your responses should all include relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks)

a) i) Differentiate 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 sin−1(2𝑥𝑥) 2

1
3 −1
ii) Evaluate � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
0
�1 − 𝑥𝑥 2
9

−𝑥𝑥 1
b) Solve ≤ 3
2𝑥𝑥 + 1 4

c) Given that 𝑋𝑋~𝐵𝐵(𝑛𝑛, 𝑝𝑝), 𝜇𝜇 = 3, and 𝜎𝜎 2 = 2, evaluate:

i) 𝑝𝑝 2

ii) 𝑛𝑛 1

d) Solve 3 sin 2𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥 , for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋. 2

Round your answers to 2 decimal places where necessary.

e) Use the substitution 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 3 to evaluate 3

1
3
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Question 12 (15 marks)

a) Consider ∆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 below where �����⃗ �����⃗ = 𝑎𝑎, �����⃗

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑐𝑐, 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑏𝑏 , and ∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 90°.
~ ~ ~

Let 𝑀𝑀 be the midpoint of 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴.

𝑏𝑏
i) Explain why ������⃗
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑐𝑐 − ~ 1
~ 2

ii) Find an expression for ������⃗

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 in terms of 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, and 𝑐𝑐 . 1
~ ~ ~

b) i) Express √3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 in the form 𝑅𝑅 sin(𝑥𝑥 − 𝛼𝛼), where 𝑅𝑅 > 0 and 2
𝜋𝜋
0 < 𝛼𝛼 < .
2

ii) Hence, solve √3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 1, for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋. 2

c) The graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is shown below:

Sketch:
1
i) 𝑦𝑦 = 2
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)

ii) 𝑦𝑦 = �𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 2
Question 12 continues on next page
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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

d) Prove, using vectors, that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. 2

e) A restaurant knows that 33% of customers will order a take-away meal after 3
dining in the restaurant.
In one particular week, the restaurant took 600 bookings.
Using the normal distribution table below, determine the probability that 200
will order a take-away meal after dining in the restaurant.

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

0 0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016 0.02 0.024 0.028 0.032 0.036
0.1 0.04 0.044 0.048 0.052 0.056 0.06 0.064 0.068 0.071 0.075
0.2 0.079 0.083 0.087 0.091 0.095 0.099 0.103 0.106 0.11 0.114
0.3 0.118 0.122 0.126 0.129 0.133 0.137 0.141 0.144 0.148 0.152
0.4 0.155 0.159 0.163 0.166 0.17 0.174 0.177 0.181 0.184 0.188
0.5 0.192 0.195 0.199 0.202 0.205 0.209 0.212 0.216 0.219 0.222

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Question 13 (15 marks)

a) A large cylindrical tank is leaking. The volume, 𝑉𝑉, of water left in the tank at
any given time, 𝑡𝑡, is given by
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= −𝑘𝑘√𝑉𝑉
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
where 𝑘𝑘 is a constant.
i) Find the general solution of the differential equation above. 2

ii) The tank initially holds 100 litres of water and is leaking at a constant 2
rate of 5L/min. How long will it take for the tank to be empty?

b) Part of the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 is shown below. A line is drawn through the
point 𝑇𝑇(−1, 4) such that this line intersects the parabola again at the point
(3, 0), as shown below:

i) Show that the equation of the line through 𝑇𝑇(−1, 4) and (3, 0) is 1
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 3 = 0.

ii) The shaded region in the diagram above is rotated about the 𝑥𝑥-axis. 2
Calculate the exact volume of the solid formed.

sin 𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃 + sin 5𝜃𝜃

c) i) Show that = tan 3𝜃𝜃 2
cos 𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃 + cos 5𝜃𝜃

sin 𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃 + sin 5𝜃𝜃

ii) Hence, solve = 1, for 0 ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋. 1
cos 𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃 + cos 5𝜃𝜃

d) A coin is tossed 30 times. 2

Let 𝑋𝑋 be the number of heads. Find the probability that the number of heads is
within one standard deviation of the mean using the binomial distribution.
Round off your answer to 3 decimal places.

Question 13 continues on the next page

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

1 1
e) i) Show that sec(2 sin−1 (𝑥𝑥)) can be expressed as
1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2

ii) Hence, or otherwise, solve sec(2 sin−1 (𝑥𝑥)) = −2. 2

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Question 14 (15 marks)

a) i) Prove that 𝑛𝑛 + 1 is a factor of 𝑃𝑃(𝑛𝑛) = 4𝑛𝑛3 + 18𝑛𝑛2 + 23𝑛𝑛 + 9. 1

ii) Hence, use mathematical induction to prove that for all integers 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 1, 3
𝑛𝑛(4𝑛𝑛2 + 6𝑛𝑛 − 1)
1×3+3×5+5×7+⋯+ (2𝑛𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛𝑛 − 1) =
3

b) The diagram below shows a chord of length 𝑥𝑥 from the centre of the circle.

The radius of the circle has length 𝑟𝑟 and the chord subtends an angle of 2𝜃𝜃 at
the centre of the circle.

i) Show that the shaded area is 𝐴𝐴 = 𝑟𝑟 2 (𝜃𝜃 − sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃). 2

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

ii) Explain why = × × 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

iii) If the radius is 2 units, how quickly is the shaded area, 𝐴𝐴, changing if 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= √3 when 𝑥𝑥 = 1?
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Question 14 continues on the next page

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

c) Marine biologists decided to investigate the amount of algae in a pond.

On 1st January 2022, the population of algae in the pond was 1000.
One marine biologist suggested the following mathematical model:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
= −7.6 + 𝑎𝑎(40 − 𝑎𝑎)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 10
where 𝑎𝑎 is the population of algae in the pond after time 𝑡𝑡 years.

i) Show that the differential equation above can be expressed as 1

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
= − (𝑎𝑎 − 2)(𝑎𝑎 − 38)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 10

ii) Given that 3

−1 1 1
= − (Do NOT prove this.)
(𝑎𝑎 − 2)(𝑎𝑎 − 38) 36(𝑎𝑎 − 2) 36(𝑎𝑎 − 38)
5 481(𝑎𝑎 − 2)
Using this result, show that 𝑡𝑡 = log𝑒𝑒 � �
18 499(𝑎𝑎 − 38)

iii) In how many months will the pond be empty of algae? 1

End of Examination

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 2022 Year 12 Mathematics Extension 1 Trial
Sample Solutions and Marking Criteria
Section 1

Q1 A 1 Mark
Correct Answer
One man/woman is fixed in any one seat.

∴ 2 men/women are remaining (can be seated in 2! ways).

Remaining people can be seated in 3! Ways

∴ Total number of ways = 3! × 2!

Q2 D 1 Mark
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Correct Answer
When 𝑦𝑦 > 0, >0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Only option D satisfies this.

Q3 C 1 Mark
Correct Answer
𝑛𝑛 = 50
𝑝𝑝 = 0.69
𝑞𝑞 = 0.31
50
𝑃𝑃 (2 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒) = � � × 0.692 × 0.3148
2
Q4 B 1 Mark
Correct Answer
−2 1
𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 + 𝛾𝛾 + 𝛿𝛿 = − =
4 2
10 5
𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 = − =−
4 2
5 1 5
∴ 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼(𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 + 𝛾𝛾 + 𝛿𝛿) = − × = −
2 2 4
Q5 A 1 Mark
Correct Answer
1
� cos 2 4𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = �(1 + cos 8𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2
1 sin 8𝑥𝑥
� cos 2 4𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = �𝑥𝑥 + � + 𝐶𝐶
2 2
𝑥𝑥 sin 8𝑥𝑥
� cos 2 4𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + + 𝐶𝐶
2 16
Q6 D 1 Mark
Correct Answer
�42� × �51� 5
𝑃𝑃(2 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏) = =
�39� 14

1
Q7 C 1 Mark
𝒑𝒑 ∙ 𝒒𝒒 Correct Answer
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝.𝒒𝒒 𝒑𝒑 = × 𝒒𝒒
𝒒𝒒 ∙ 𝒒𝒒
5 × 4 + (−2) × 3
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝.𝒒𝒒 𝒑𝒑 = × (4𝒊𝒊 + 3𝒋𝒋)
42 + 32
14
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝.𝒒𝒒 𝒑𝒑 = × (4𝒊𝒊 + 3𝒋𝒋)
25
56 42
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝.𝒒𝒒 𝒑𝒑 = 𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋
25 25
Q8 A 1 Mark
Correct Answer
Option B is the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 2 cos−1 𝑥𝑥.

Option C is the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = sin−1(𝑥𝑥 − 1).

Option D is the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥𝑥.

Q9 C 1 Mark
Correct Answer

�����⃗ � = �42 + (−1)2

�𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

�����⃗ � = √16 + 1
�𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

�����⃗ � = √17
�𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

Q10 B 1 Mark
Correct Answer
For 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥), the domain is all real 𝑥𝑥 and the range is [−1, 1].

For 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥), the domain and range of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) interchange.

So, for 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥), the domain is [−1, 1] and the range is all real 𝑦𝑦.

2
Section 2

Q11a(i) 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 sin−1 (2𝑥𝑥) 2 Marks

Correct solution
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
= 3𝑥𝑥 + 3 sin−1(2𝑥𝑥)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 √1 − 4𝑥𝑥 2

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 6𝑥𝑥 1 Mark

= + 3 sin−1 (2𝑥𝑥)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 √1 − 4𝑥𝑥 2 Demonstrates that
𝑑𝑑 2
(sin−1(2𝑥𝑥)) =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 √1 − 4𝑥𝑥 2
Q11a(ii) 1 1 2 Marks
3 −1 3 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = − � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Correct solution
√1 − 9𝑥𝑥 2
0 0
�1 − 𝑥𝑥 2
9
1
3 −1 1 1 Mark
−1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −[sin 3𝑥𝑥]30 Demonstrates that
0 √1 − 9𝑥𝑥 2
1
1 3 −1 1
3 −1 −1 −1 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −[sin−1 3𝑥𝑥]30
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −(sin 1 − sin 0) 0 √1 − 9𝑥𝑥 2
0 √1 − 9𝑥𝑥 2
1
3 −1 𝜋𝜋
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −
0 √1 − 9𝑥𝑥 2 2

Q11b 𝑥𝑥 1 3 Marks
− ≤
2𝑥𝑥 + 1 4 Correct solution
1
𝑥𝑥 ≠ −
2
2 Marks
−𝑥𝑥 1
4 × (2𝑥𝑥 + 1) × 2
≤ × (2𝑥𝑥 + 1)2 × 4 Demonstrates that
2𝑥𝑥 + 1 4 1
𝑥𝑥 ≠ −
−4𝑥𝑥(2𝑥𝑥 + 1) ≤ (2𝑥𝑥 + 1)2 2
(2𝑥𝑥 + 1)2 + 4𝑥𝑥(2𝑥𝑥 + 1) ≥ 0 AND

(2𝑥𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥𝑥 + 1 + 4𝑥𝑥) ≥ 0 (2𝑥𝑥 + 1)(6𝑥𝑥 + 1) ≥ 0

(2𝑥𝑥 + 1)(6𝑥𝑥 + 1) ≥ 0
1 Mark
Demonstrates that
1
𝑥𝑥 ≠ −
2
AND

Multiplies both sides by

(2𝑥𝑥 + 1)2

1 1
Solution: 𝑥𝑥 < − , 𝑥𝑥 ≥ −
2 6

3
Q11c(i) 𝜇𝜇 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 2 Marks
Correct solution
3 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 … (1)

𝜎𝜎 2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
1 Mark
2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 … (2)
Demonstrates either 3 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
Sub. (1) into (2) and 2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

2 = 3𝑞𝑞
2
𝑞𝑞 =
3
2 1
𝑝𝑝 = 1 − =
3 3
Q11c(ii) 3 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 1 Mark
1 Correct answer
Sub. 𝑝𝑝 =
3

1
3 = 𝑛𝑛 ×
3
𝑛𝑛 = 9

Q11d 3 sin 2𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋 2 Marks

Correct solution
3(2 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥) = cos 𝑥𝑥
6 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥
1 Mark
6 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 0
Demonstrates that
cos 𝑥𝑥 (6 sin 𝑥𝑥 − 1) = 0 3 sin 2𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥
1 can be expressed as
cos 𝑥𝑥 = 0 or sin 𝑥𝑥 = 6 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥 and
6

𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋 finds one set of correct

𝑥𝑥 = or or 0.17 or 2.97 (to 2 d. p. ) solutions
2 2

Q11e Let 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 3 3 Marks

Correct solution
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 3𝑥𝑥 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 Marks
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Correct integration in terms
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = of 𝑢𝑢
3
When 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑢𝑢 = 13 = 1

When 𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑢𝑢 = 03 = 0 1 Mark
1
Demonstrates either
3 1 1
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0 3 0 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =
3
1
3 1
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = [𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢 ]10 OR
0 3
1
When 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑢𝑢 = 13 = 1
3 1
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = (𝑒𝑒 1 − 𝑒𝑒 0 ) When 𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑢𝑢 = 03 = 0
0 3

4
 1
3 1
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = (𝑒𝑒 − 1)
0 3

Q12a(i) We know that �����⃗

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑐𝑐 . 1 Mark
~ Correct explanation
𝑏𝑏
�����⃗ , then 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
Since 𝑀𝑀 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ������⃗ = ~
2

𝑏𝑏
������⃗ = − ~
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
2
������⃗ = ������⃗
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 �����⃗
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 + 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝑏𝑏
������⃗ = − ~ + 𝑐𝑐
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
2 ~
𝑏𝑏
������⃗
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑐𝑐 − ~2, as required
~

Q12a(ii) ������⃗ = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 ������⃗ + 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
�����⃗ 1 Mark
Correct answer
𝑏𝑏
������⃗
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑐𝑐 − ~ + 𝑎𝑎
~ 2 ~
Q12b(i) √3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑅𝑅 sin(𝑥𝑥 − 𝛼𝛼) 2 Marks
Correct solution
√3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑅𝑅 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝛼𝛼 − 𝑅𝑅 cos 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝛼𝛼
Equate coefficients of sin 𝑥𝑥 and cos 𝑥𝑥
1 Mark
𝑅𝑅 cos 𝛼𝛼 = √3 … (1) Evaluates either
𝜋𝜋
𝑅𝑅 sin 𝛼𝛼 = 1 … (2) 𝛼𝛼 =
6
(2) ÷ (1) OR
1
tan 𝛼𝛼 = 𝑅𝑅 = 2
√3
𝜋𝜋
𝛼𝛼 =
6
(2)2 + (1)2 = 1
2
𝑅𝑅 2 sin2 𝛼𝛼 + 𝑅𝑅 2 cos2 𝛼𝛼 = 12 + √3
𝑅𝑅 2 (sin2 𝛼𝛼 + cos 2 𝛼𝛼) = 4
𝑅𝑅 2 = 4
𝑅𝑅 = 2
𝜋𝜋
√3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 2 sin �𝑥𝑥 − �
6
Q12b(ii) √3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋 2 Marks
Correct solution
𝜋𝜋
2 sin �𝑥𝑥 − � = 1
6
𝜋𝜋 1
sin �𝑥𝑥 − � =
6 2

5
 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋 1 Mark
𝑥𝑥 − = , Finds one correct answer of
6 6 6
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 = , 𝜋𝜋
3
Q12c(i) 2 Marks
Correct sketch, including the
labelling of all significant
points

1 Mark
Some significant points
labelled

Q12c(ii) 2 Marks
Correct sketch, including
correct curvature of
𝑦𝑦 = �𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) relative to
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)

1 Mark
Some significant points
labelled

Q12d Let 𝐴𝐴 be the origin. 2 Marks

Correct proof
�����⃗ = 𝑎𝑎
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
~

�����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑏𝑏 1 Mark
~
Establishes basis to prove
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 and 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 intersect at 𝑂𝑂. that 𝑂𝑂 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
and 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵.
We have to prove that 𝑂𝑂 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 and 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵.

Let �����⃗ �����⃗ and 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑥𝑥𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 �����⃗ = 𝑦𝑦𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
������⃗ … (1)

Now, �����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = �����⃗ �����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
�����⃗ �����⃗ + ������⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
�����⃗ = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
~ ~

Also, ������⃗
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = �����⃗
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + �����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
������⃗ �����⃗ + �����⃗
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = −𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴

6
 ������⃗ = −𝑏𝑏 + 𝑎𝑎
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
~ ~

������⃗ = 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
~ ~

From (1),
�����⃗ �����⃗ = 𝑥𝑥(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) and 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑥𝑥𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 �����⃗ = 𝑦𝑦𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
������⃗ = 𝑦𝑦(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏)
~ ~ ~ ~

Now,
�����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = �����⃗ �����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

𝑎𝑎 = 𝑥𝑥 �𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏� + 𝑦𝑦(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 )

~ ~ ~ ~ ~

𝑎𝑎 = 𝑥𝑥𝑎𝑎 + 𝑥𝑥𝑏𝑏 + 𝑦𝑦𝑎𝑎 − 𝑦𝑦𝑏𝑏

~ ~ ~ ~ ~

𝑎𝑎 = (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)𝑎𝑎 + (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦)𝑏𝑏

~ ~ ~

Equate coefficients of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏

~ ~

𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 1
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 0
1
By inspection, 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 = 2

1
�����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = �����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
2
1
�����⃗ = ������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
2
Hence, the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other, as required.
Q12e 𝑝𝑝 = 0.33 3 Marks
Correct solution
𝑞𝑞 = 0.67
𝜇𝜇 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 600 × 0.33 = 198
2 Marks
𝜎𝜎 2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 600 × 0.33 × 0.67 = 132.66 Finds the correct 𝑧𝑧 score
𝜎𝜎 = √132.66 = 11.5178 …
𝑥𝑥 − 𝜇𝜇 200 − 198 1 Mark
𝑧𝑧 = = = 0.173644 …
𝜎𝜎 11.5178 … Evaluates either 𝜇𝜇 = 198 or
Using the table, this equates to 0.068 𝜎𝜎 = √132.66

Probability is 6.8%
Q13a(i) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 Marks
= −𝑘𝑘√𝑉𝑉 Correct solution
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
√𝑉𝑉 1 Mark
1 Demonstrates that
𝑉𝑉 −2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= −𝑘𝑘√𝑉𝑉
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
7
 1 derives to
� 𝑉𝑉 −2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −𝑘𝑘 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2𝑉𝑉 2 = −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝐶𝐶 √𝑉𝑉

2√𝑉𝑉 = 𝐶𝐶 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘
√𝑉𝑉 = 𝐶𝐶 − 𝑡𝑡
2
𝑘𝑘 2
𝑉𝑉 = �𝐶𝐶 − 𝑡𝑡�
2
Q13a(ii) 𝑘𝑘 2 2 Marks
𝑉𝑉 = �𝐶𝐶 − 𝑡𝑡� Correct solution
2
When 𝑡𝑡 = 0, 𝑉𝑉 = 100
2 1 Mark
𝑘𝑘
100 = �𝐶𝐶 − × 0� Derives equation for 𝑉𝑉 i.e.
2
100 = 𝐶𝐶 2 1 2
𝑉𝑉 = �10 − 𝑡𝑡�
4
𝐶𝐶 = ±10
𝑘𝑘 2 𝑘𝑘 2
Our equations are 𝑉𝑉 = �10 − 2 𝑡𝑡� and 𝑉𝑉 = �−10 − 2 𝑡𝑡�
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
When 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −5, 𝑉𝑉 = 100

−5 = −𝑘𝑘√100
1
𝑘𝑘 =
2
1 2 𝑘𝑘 2
Our equations are 𝑉𝑉 = �10 − 4 𝑡𝑡� and 𝑉𝑉 = �−10 − 4 𝑡𝑡�

Sub 𝑉𝑉 = 0 into both equations above

1 2 𝑘𝑘 2
0 = �10 − 4 𝑡𝑡� and 0 = �−10 − 4 𝑡𝑡�

Solving the equation gives 𝑡𝑡 = ±40

But 𝑡𝑡 > 0 only.
It would take 40 minutes.
Q13b(i) 4−0 4 1 Mark
𝑚𝑚 = = = −1
−1 − 3 −4 Correct proof
demonstrating all steps
The equation of the line
logically
𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦1 = 𝑚𝑚(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )
𝑦𝑦 − 0 = −(𝑥𝑥 − 3)
𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 + 3
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 3 = 0, as required

8
Q13b(ii) 𝑏𝑏 2 Marks
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Correct solution
𝑎𝑎
3
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � ((3 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − (𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥)2 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−1 1 Mark
3
Demonstrates the volume of
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � (9 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 4 + 6𝑥𝑥 3 − 9𝑥𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 the solid of revolution is
−1 given by
3 3
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � ((3 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − (𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥)2 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � (−𝑥𝑥 4 3 2
+ 6𝑥𝑥 − 8𝑥𝑥 − 6𝑥𝑥 + 9) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 −1
−1
3
𝑥𝑥 5 3𝑥𝑥 4 8𝑥𝑥 3
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 �− + − − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 9𝑥𝑥�
5 2 3 −1

9 229
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � + �
10 30
128𝜋𝜋 3
𝑉𝑉 = 𝑢𝑢
15
Q13c(i) sin 𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃 + sin 5𝜃𝜃 2 Marks
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = Correct proof
cos 𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃 + cos 5𝜃𝜃
(sin 𝜃𝜃 + sin 5𝜃𝜃) + sin 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
(cos 𝜃𝜃 + cos 5𝜃𝜃) + cos 3𝜃𝜃 1 Mark
5𝜃𝜃 + 𝜃𝜃 5𝜃𝜃 − 𝜃𝜃 Uses sums to products
2 sin � � cos �
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 2 2 � + sin 3𝜃𝜃 formula to demonstrate
5𝜃𝜃 + 𝜃𝜃 5𝜃𝜃 − 𝜃𝜃 that
2 cos � 2 � cos � 2 � + cos 3𝜃𝜃
2 sin 3𝜃𝜃 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
2 sin 3𝜃𝜃 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃 2 cos 3𝜃𝜃 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
2 cos 3𝜃𝜃 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃
sin 3𝜃𝜃 (2 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + 1)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
cos 3𝜃𝜃 (2 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + 1)
sin 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
cos 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = tan 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
Q13c(ii) sin 𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃 + sin 5𝜃𝜃 1 Mark
= 1, 0 ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋 All answers correct
cos 𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃 + cos 5𝜃𝜃
tan 3𝜃𝜃 = 1
𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋 9𝜋𝜋 13𝜋𝜋 17𝜋𝜋 21𝜋𝜋
3𝜃𝜃 = , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4
𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋 13𝜋𝜋 17𝜋𝜋 7𝜋𝜋
𝜃𝜃 = , , , , ,
12 12 4 12 12 4
Q13d 1 2 Marks
𝜇𝜇 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 30 × = 15
2 Correct solution
1 1
𝜎𝜎 2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 30 × × = 7.5
2 2
9
 𝜎𝜎 = √7.5 1 Mark
Demonstrates that
𝑃𝑃(𝜇𝜇 − 𝜎𝜎 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 𝜇𝜇 + 𝜎𝜎) = 𝑃𝑃(12.261 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 17.739)
𝑃𝑃(𝜇𝜇 − 𝜎𝜎 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 𝜇𝜇 + 𝜎𝜎)
𝑃𝑃(𝜇𝜇 − 𝜎𝜎 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 𝜇𝜇 + 𝜎𝜎) = 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) = 𝑃𝑃(12.261 ≤ 𝑋𝑋
𝑃𝑃(𝜇𝜇 − 𝜎𝜎 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 𝜇𝜇 + 𝜎𝜎) ≤ 17.739)
30 1 30 30 1 30 30 1 30 30 1 30
= � �� � + � �� � + � �� � + � �� �
13 2 14 2 15 2 16 2
30 1 30
+ � �� �
17 2
(𝜇𝜇 − 𝜎𝜎 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 𝜇𝜇 + 𝜎𝜎) ≈ 0.638
Q13e(i) Let 𝛼𝛼 = sin−1 𝑥𝑥 1 Mark
Correct proof
sin 𝛼𝛼 = 𝑥𝑥 demonstrating all steps
sec(2 sin−1(𝑥𝑥)) = sec 2𝛼𝛼 logically

1
sec(2 sin−1(𝑥𝑥)) =
cos 2𝛼𝛼
1
sec(2 sin−1(𝑥𝑥)) =
1 − 2 sin2 𝛼𝛼
1
sec(2 sin−1(𝑥𝑥)) = , as required
1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2
Q13e(ii) sec(2 sin−1(𝑥𝑥)) = −2 2 Marks
Correct solution
1
= −2
1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2
1 1 Mark
1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2 = − Demonstrates that
2
3 1
2𝑥𝑥 2 = = −2
2 1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2
3
𝑥𝑥 2 =
4
√3
𝑥𝑥 = ±
2
Q14a(i) 𝑃𝑃(𝑛𝑛) = 4𝑛𝑛3 + 18𝑛𝑛2 + 23𝑛𝑛 + 9 1 Mark
Correct proof
𝑃𝑃(−1) = 4 × (−1)3 + 18 × (−1)2 + 23 × (−1) + 9 demonstrating all steps
𝑃𝑃(−1) = −4 + 18 − 23 + 9 logically

𝑃𝑃(−1) = 0
𝑛𝑛 + 1 is a factor of 𝑃𝑃(𝑛𝑛)
Q14a(ii) When 𝑛𝑛 = 1, 3 Marks
Correct solution
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 1 × 3 = 3
1(4 × 12 + 6 × 1 − 1)
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = = 3 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
3

10
The statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 1. 2 Marks
Proves the statement is true
Assume the statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘, where 𝑘𝑘 is an integer 𝑘𝑘 ≥ 1 for 𝑛𝑛 = 1 and demonstrates
𝑘𝑘(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 6𝑘𝑘 − 1) that for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 + 1,
1 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 5 × 7 + ⋯ + (2𝑘𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘𝑘 − 1) =
3 4𝑘𝑘 3 + 18𝑘𝑘 2 + 23𝑘𝑘 + 9
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
Prove the statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 + 1
1 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 5 × 7 + ⋯ + (2𝑘𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘𝑘 − 1) + (2𝑘𝑘 + 3)(2𝑘𝑘 + 1)
(𝑘𝑘 + 1)(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 14𝑘𝑘 + 9)
=
3 1 Mark
Proof: Proves the statement is true
for 𝑛𝑛 = 1
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 1 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 5 × 7 + ⋯ + (2𝑘𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘𝑘 − 1) + (2𝑘𝑘 + 3)(2𝑘𝑘 + 1)

𝑘𝑘(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 6𝑘𝑘 − 1)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = + (2𝑘𝑘 + 3)(2𝑘𝑘 + 1)
3
𝑘𝑘(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 6𝑘𝑘 − 1) + 3(2𝑘𝑘 + 3)(2𝑘𝑘 + 1)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
4𝑘𝑘 3 + 6𝑘𝑘 2 − 𝑘𝑘 + 3(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 8𝑘𝑘 + 3)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
4𝑘𝑘 3 + 6𝑘𝑘 2 − 𝑘𝑘 + 12𝑘𝑘 2 + 24𝑘𝑘 + 9
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
4𝑘𝑘 3 + 18𝑘𝑘 2 + 23𝑘𝑘 + 9
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
Let 𝑃𝑃(𝑘𝑘) = 4𝑘𝑘 3 + 18𝑘𝑘 2 + 23𝑘𝑘 + 9
From part (i), 𝑘𝑘 + 1 is a factor of 𝑃𝑃(𝑘𝑘)
Now,

4𝑘𝑘 3 + 18𝑘𝑘 2 + 23𝑘𝑘 + 9

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3

11
 (𝑘𝑘 + 1)(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 14𝑘𝑘 + 9)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
Hence, by mathematical induction, the statement is true for all integers
𝑛𝑛 ≥ 1.
Q14b(i) 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 − 𝐴𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 Marks
Correct proof
1 2 demonstrating all steps
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝑟𝑟 𝜃𝜃
2 logically
1 2
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝑟𝑟 × 2𝜃𝜃
2
1 Mark
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝑟𝑟 2 𝜃𝜃 Demonstrates either
1
𝐴𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = × base × height 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝜃𝜃𝑟𝑟 2
2
OR
height = 𝑥𝑥
𝐴𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 𝑟𝑟 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃

Using Pythagoras’ theorem in the triangle above,

height of triangle = �𝑟𝑟 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2

So, base = 2 × √𝑟𝑟 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2

Now,

√𝑟𝑟 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2
sin 𝜃𝜃 =
𝑟𝑟

∴ �𝑟𝑟 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 = 𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃
∴ base = 2𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃
Also,
𝑥𝑥
cos 𝜃𝜃 =
𝑟𝑟
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑟𝑟 cos 𝜃𝜃
∴ height = 𝑟𝑟 cos 𝜃𝜃
So,
1
𝐴𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = × 2𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃 × 𝑟𝑟 cos 𝜃𝜃
2

12
 𝐴𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 𝑟𝑟 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃

Hence,

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝜃𝜃𝑟𝑟 2 − 𝑟𝑟 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝑟𝑟 2 (𝜃𝜃 − sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃)
Q14b(ii) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
is the change in area over time. 1 Mark
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Correct explanation
The shaded area, 𝐴𝐴, is dependent on the value of 𝜃𝜃; therefore, the change
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
in the shaded area, 𝐴𝐴, changes with the value of 𝜃𝜃, i.e., 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 .

As 𝜃𝜃 changes, so does the value of 𝑥𝑥; therefore, the change in the value of
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜃𝜃 changes with the value of 𝑥𝑥, i.e., 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 .
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
All of these changes happen over time, i.e., 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 .

As a result, the change in the shaded area, 𝐴𝐴, is dependent on the changes
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
of the values of 𝜃𝜃, 𝑥𝑥, and 𝑡𝑡, i.e., 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 × 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 × 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 .

Q14b(iii) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 Marks

= × × Correct solution
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 Marks
= √3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Evaluates

When 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝜃𝜃 = cos −1 �2� =

1 𝜋𝜋 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3 =6
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Now, AND
𝐴𝐴 = 𝑟𝑟 2 (𝜃𝜃 − sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
=−
2 2
𝐴𝐴 = 𝑟𝑟 𝜃𝜃 − 𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 √3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑟𝑟 2 − (−𝑟𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑟𝑟 2 cos2 𝜃𝜃)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 Mark
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Evaluates either
= 𝑟𝑟 2 − (𝑟𝑟 2 cos2 𝜃𝜃 − 𝑟𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃𝜃)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =6
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑟𝑟 2 − �𝑟𝑟 2 (cos2 𝜃𝜃 − sin2 𝜃𝜃)�
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 OR
𝜋𝜋
Sub 𝑟𝑟 = 2 and 𝜃𝜃 = 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
=−
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 √3
= 22 − �22 �cos2 � � − sin2 � ���
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 3

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 3
= 4 − �4 � − ��
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 4 4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 4 − (1 − 3)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 4+2= 6
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Now,

13
 𝑥𝑥
𝜃𝜃 = cos −1 � �
2
1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 −2
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
�1 − 𝑥𝑥
4
Sub 𝑥𝑥 = 1
1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 −2
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
�1 − 1
4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
=−
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 √3
So,
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
= 6×− × √3 = −6
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 √3
The shaded area, 𝐴𝐴, is decreasing at 6 units/time.
Q14c(i) 1 1 1 Mark
− (𝑎𝑎 − 2)(𝑎𝑎 − 38) = − (𝑎𝑎2 − 40𝑎𝑎 + 76)
10 10 Correct proof
demonstrating all steps
1 𝑎𝑎2
− (𝑎𝑎 − 2)(𝑎𝑎 − 38) = − + 4𝑎𝑎 − 7.6
10 10
1 𝑎𝑎2
− (𝑎𝑎 − 2)(𝑎𝑎 − 38) = 4𝑎𝑎 − − 7.6
10 10
1 1
− (𝑎𝑎 − 2)(𝑎𝑎 − 38) = 𝑎𝑎(40 − 𝑎𝑎) − 7.6
10 10
1 1
− (𝑎𝑎 − 2)(𝑎𝑎 − 38) = −7.6 + 𝑎𝑎(40 − 𝑎𝑎)
10 10
Q14c(ii) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 3 Marks
= −7.6 + 𝑎𝑎(40 − 𝑎𝑎) Correct proof
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 10
demonstrating all steps
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
= − (𝑎𝑎 − 2)(𝑎𝑎 − 38) logically
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 10
1 1
− 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑎𝑎 − 2)(𝑎𝑎 − 38) 10 2 Marks
Demonstrates
1 1 1
� − � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
36(𝑎𝑎 − 2) 36(𝑎𝑎 − 38) 10
log |𝑎𝑎 − 2|
36 𝑒𝑒
1 1 1 1
�� − � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − log𝑒𝑒 |𝑎𝑎 − 38|
36(𝑎𝑎 − 2) 36(𝑎𝑎 − 38) 10 36
𝑡𝑡
1 1 1 = + 𝐶𝐶
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 10
36(𝑎𝑎 − 2) 36(𝑎𝑎 − 38) 10
AND
1 1 𝑡𝑡
log𝑒𝑒 |𝑎𝑎 − 2| − log𝑒𝑒 |𝑎𝑎 − 38| = + 𝐶𝐶 correct value of 𝐶𝐶
36 36 10

14
 1 𝑎𝑎 − 2 𝑡𝑡 1 998
log𝑒𝑒 � �= + 𝐶𝐶 log𝑒𝑒 � � = 𝐶𝐶
36 𝑎𝑎 − 38 10 36 962
Sub 𝑡𝑡 = 0 and 𝑎𝑎 = 1000
1 1000 − 2 0 1 Mark
log𝑒𝑒 � �= + 𝐶𝐶 Demonstrates that
36 1000 − 38 10
1 998 1
log𝑒𝑒 � � = 𝐶𝐶 log |𝑎𝑎 − 2|
36 962 36 𝑒𝑒
1
1 499 − log𝑒𝑒 |𝑎𝑎 − 38|
log𝑒𝑒 � � = 𝐶𝐶 36
36 481 𝑡𝑡
= + 𝐶𝐶
1 𝑎𝑎 − 2 𝑡𝑡 1 499 10
log𝑒𝑒 � �= + log𝑒𝑒 � �
36 𝑎𝑎 − 38 10 36 481
1 𝑎𝑎 − 2 1 499 𝑡𝑡
log𝑒𝑒 � �− log𝑒𝑒 � �=
36 𝑎𝑎 − 38 36 481 10
1 481(𝑎𝑎 − 2) 𝑡𝑡
log𝑒𝑒 � �=
36 499(𝑎𝑎 − 38) 10
10 481(𝑎𝑎 − 2)
log𝑒𝑒 � � = 𝑡𝑡
36 499(𝑎𝑎 − 38)

5 481(𝑎𝑎 − 2)
𝑡𝑡 = log𝑒𝑒 � �
18 499(𝑎𝑎 − 38)
Q14c(iii) 5 481(𝑎𝑎 − 2) 1 Mark
𝑡𝑡 = log𝑒𝑒 � � Correct answer
18 499(𝑎𝑎 − 38)

Sub 𝑎𝑎 = 0
5 481(0 − 2)
𝑡𝑡 = log𝑒𝑒 � �
18 499(0 − 38)

𝑡𝑡 = 0.8281 … years
𝑡𝑡 = 9.937 … months
𝑡𝑡 ≈ 10 months
It will take approximately 10 months.

15