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Lecture 7

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30 views11 pages

Lecture 7

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Heemani
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Representation stress com ponents TF we teke out a small cuboid with origin Im 2 at point P inside the body, the state of shess Ff the cubcsid con be depicted as below: 20/ Plane state f shess © The cuboid represents a small volume element from inside the body + Note that all stress components shown are positive — Positively directed force component act an +ve plone - Negatively directed force csmponent act on -ve plane « The stress components are assumed to be uniform over the Paces STRESS EQviri@RivM Eavations TP you apply lead on o bedy, the bedy gets deformed. Ld uy t Undeformed Deformed You may be interested in: ® final deformed configuration of the body —> © the disbibubon of stress tenser in the body (since stress tensor vary within the body from pt te pt To know where the body con Pail, we would need te know the stress components at every point in the body. How fo obtain the distribution of stress tensor in the leedy 7 We con oblain the distribution of stress tensor fram the “stress - equilibrium equatrns” and oltimately this distribution BIL help in designing against failure dets derive these equations We begin by faking an infinitesimal cuboidal region in the body Ax, oo * Consider an infinitesimal cuboid with point P at one corner. We will assume average trectron vector ockng om the faces @ The stress components on faces at distances Az,,Ax,, and Ax, ar are different from the components at the faces possing through point P since these planes dont poss Yorough P © How are O;’, Te’, Ti, elated te 7 HW, Gz, Us ? Use Taylor series expansion, ol = D, (a+ bx) = HD+ BR Ax, + higher order. teonms, ax, To = Ga (ar ax,) = TG) + BGe dx, + --- Bx r Gs = Ts (x +x) = Ts Ge) + OTs Bay tooo aR, Arimilacly, we con express relation fer 5, tay th, OZ! boot Teh, Ts, Stress_compenents_on xigh it face ~ &,-pl - plane £1Plane PSPS oy + PS Ax, , Tat Ma ax, 3x, Ta + 8% Ax, Ox Bx, o,/ Stress_components_on left face > Ge, Ts Bs Area. of boty faces: Axa Ax, om! Siress_compenents_on top face. + @2-plane Gigt Gs ax, , Ty Wer ax, Tart Ms Ax, ax, Bx, Bay Ax ———— Be ees - Stress compments on left face 1.) Cra > Ta, Gs Aveo of boty faces: Ax, Ars Stress components_on front face yat PG ax, , Tyr Bor Ax, Ts + 9Ta2 Ax, ax3 Bx, Dx, Stress components _on rear face Os> Tro Tso Area of boty facez: Ax, Ax, If a continyous body is in equilibrium, then any isolated part of the body must also be in equilibrium. The requirements of e7™ implies that certain conditions must be satisfied by the stress ce omponents cenker of cuboid For equilibrium , suf ° and SE =0 DEM, =O about y-axis >-(Ti ax >) Ax — (& Ax, a) Ax: a a + (Ti Kx, Axs) AM 4 (Xs Ax, ro) Ax = 0 = x => | Ta + We Ax, + Te — Ta — 2G Ax, - QU. - ATy + BU2 Ax, - dT Ax, =O ax, Ome As Ax,, Ax, and Ax 20 Similorly, taking moments about the center of- the cuboid along e@, and @,-directins, we get : BE Mo ° Cabout @2 -direchon) Ts = Tay 0 } (about 4 -direchon) Tan = Tag 2 Mo Shear Stress components on perpendicular faces are equal in magnitude Now applying force SF, <0 > 9,’ Ax, Ax, equilibrivrm , - OF) AM, AX, + Ts, AX, Ax, - T, Ox, Ax, ' + Ty AxjAxy - Gy Ax, Ax, + ¥; (Ax, Ax Ax.) = 0 D> (Hi + Wi ax, ax, + (% + dt OX + (% + 8% OX + OY AR, Ax, > om ax, Wn 4 By 4 dt Ey, ) Ax, Ax, - oy Ax, Bx, ax.) Ax,A%, — Gy Ax Ax, ax) Ax, Ax, - Ty, Ax, Ax, ° Ax, ) Ax, Ax Ax, = 0 BX Dividing by Ax, Ax.A% , we get => Om aX Aimilarly , Af Zr ° Y DF. = 0d 2H 4 Wr 4 BW yy = 0 DX => 2ey We 4 se pg Y= 0 BH axe, By, > dts 4 te 4 2 4 YYa 0 3% He Sx Stress EquiliBrRivuM RELATIONS Three force eg + Three moment eq™ =) Total SIX yelations 2 4 Br y BT y Y= 0 Gr = Te Oxy BX DX Ble 4 We 4 We a Yeo Ts = Tas am ame aXe Gas = Tso atin 4 Bt + 2552 + YE =O o% Era 3X A sek & PDES In indicial votation, one can write = 0 <— fore eq™ 4— Moment eg” Prane STRESS Oo 4 Ota y ¥, = 0 ax, Oka Tar We + 2 + Yr=0 Im, Be The equilibrium equatons for a defermable sclid body 2H y Ws 4 BW 4 ¥, = 0 Ta = Te Bx, 8X, ley de y Mee y Yeo ta = Ta BH, Oe Bx Gas = Tze. aT 4 2% + 252 4 YL ao O% Se Bs The above equations are parhal differential equahons, ard 4o solve them, we would need BouNDARY CONDITIONS There are two types AB bourdary conditions > displacement BCs Lhy > troction / force BCs K fraction Bls displacement Bes Ce.g. clamped) Relation between external load on body’s surface to Reatien beween external Toad on body's sertace to stress tensor Suppose we have an axbitrary body which is clamped at some part of the boundary and a lood is applied on some other part of the boundary by an external agent T? (by external agent) kets take a small piece from the surface. Note the a al boundary s curved, bu if we take a tiny piece, it wll be almost Hat What ore the forces acting on the Saces of the Tiny piece ? ~ Ertemal farce (octing on the expesed face ) — Trections (acting on the internal feces) — Body force From force equilibrium of this tiny plece, the total force = 0 Pd + TAA, + (EA OaB)= 0 body Perce TP you divide the above equation by A, A, and then A, 70, that is lin T° A Aa + UT) aay + (CT'+ I) Aya FTPA OS TAA 2g bso A AL > lim [x TAT) arya 3 = ran T+ ST) Se + eT) eT + YA =o As we take A,>0o, we ore shrinking the herght by pushing the bottom surface towards the top surface while Keeping the surface oven A,A, constant. The terms containing Ay will vanish in this Atwnit a t imit and we ge zo 2-4 As T* and T* form an action and reackon poir, we obtain ° D \ VPece=t a7 Beneval Tne TT? 1 —pl Outward normal This relation implies that the internal trachon that generates in a body at its surface point and on an internal sectron that is parallel to local surface plane of the body is equal te the externally applred distributed lead Tnis form is used as boundary cenditton for solving the stress equilibrium equation avd is called TRACTION Boonpary CONDITION Now what can you soy about the stress amatrit om the surface For enomple, iF TL? =T°) hoo will the (ET vrabix look? Tr a chosen coordinate system ©-e2-€s) , x x Te Mee\-ee-e) x wR OT Tr ovr Ts ‘by sym

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