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Am 2

1. The document discusses static equilibrium and free body diagrams. It provides definitions of particles, free body diagrams, and guidelines for drawing free body diagrams. 2. The principles of static equilibrium state that the sum of all external forces and sum of all external moments about any point must equal zero for a body to be in equilibrium. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the resultant force and tensions in systems using free body diagrams and the equations of static equilibrium.

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51 views26 pages

Am 2

1. The document discusses static equilibrium and free body diagrams. It provides definitions of particles, free body diagrams, and guidelines for drawing free body diagrams. 2. The principles of static equilibrium state that the sum of all external forces and sum of all external moments about any point must equal zero for a body to be in equilibrium. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the resultant force and tensions in systems using free body diagrams and the equations of static equilibrium.

Uploaded by

citowop670
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Statics and Static Equilibrium

Er. Prashant Bhatta

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• Particle: Smallest material body whose dimensions can
be neglected in comparison to other dimensions
involved in the system.
• Free body diagram: A free body diagram is a picture of
physical situation to be analyzed which depicts all the
relevant forces acting on the object of interest. A
practical definition of Free body diagram may be
expressed as:

FBD=Space diagram – supports and connections+


reactions from the support
• Drawn in order to use the equation of static
equilibrium, which enables to find the value of
unknown reactions.
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Guidelines for drawing a free body diagram
1. The body to be freed or isolated for considerations
may be entire system or any portion of the system so
it is important to make clear decisions as to which
portion of the body is to be freed.
2. The free body diagram should not have external
supports or connections.
3. Appropriate dimensions(including slopes or angles)
which are needed in defining the configurations of the
force system should be indicated.
4. Each applied load should be indicated with an arrow
and labelled with a known magnitude.
5. The weight of the free body should be indicated with
an arrow and labelled if the weight is not negligible.
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6.The action exerted by the body on its supports and
connections should not be indicated on FBD.
7.The reactions from supports and connections should
be indicated with arrows and labeled.
8.The direction of an unknown force when not
reasonably obvious may be assumed and corrected later
if the value obtained is negative.
9.The forces in the cords or members which are uncut in
FBD should not be shown.

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Equilibrium in Two-dimension
A Particle will be in equilibrium if it is stationary
or moves uniformly relative to an inertial
reference or when the resultant of all the forces
acting on it is zero, it is in equilibrium.
To find unknown reactions and forces applied on
a body or structure, it should be in Equilibrium.

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Principle of Equilibrium
The principle of equilibrium states that a stationary body
which is subjected to concurrent forces will be in
equilibrium if the algebraic sum of all the external forces
is zero and also algebraic sum of moments of all the
external forces about any point in their plane is zero.
Mathematically,
ΣF=0 …………………(i)
and ΣM=0…………...(ii)
The forces are generally resolved into horizontal and
vertical components. Hence, equation (i)is written as,
ΣFx=0…………………….(iii)
ΣFy=0 ……………..…….(iv)
ΣFz=0……………………..(v)
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Physical Meaning of equilibrium
• When a body is acted upon by many forces, the
particle is said to be in equilibrium if there is no
unbalanced force acting on it.i.e.the resultant of all
the forces will be zero.
• A structure is in equilibrium when all forces or
moment acting upon it and balanced. This means
that each and every force acting upon a structural
element or part of element is resisted by either
another equal and opposite force or set of forces
whose net result is zero.

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Importance of Equilibrium in structure
a) In structural engineering, the major problem is to
identify the internal forces and stresses which are
induced due to externally applied load. For the
identification of such parameters, we should assume
the body is in equilibrium. So, that it provides the
necessary equations to determine the unknown
parameters.
b) The other major thing which the engineer must
consider is stability. So, we should be careful during
the analysis of structure to fix the number of
equations.

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Questions

1.The following forces act at a point:


i. 20 kg inclined at 30° towards North of East
ii. 25 kg towards North
iii. 30 kg towards North West
iv. 35 kg inclined at 40 ° towards south of west.

Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant


force.

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2.The forces of 2,3,4,5 and 6 kg are acting on one of the
angular points of a regular hexagon, towards the other
five angular points, taken in order. Find the direction
and magnitude of the resultant force.

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3.Two spheres A and B of weight 100 N and 150 N and
radius 30 cm and 40 cm respectively are placed in a
vessel as shown in figure. Find the reactions at the
contact points. Assume that the contact surface are
smooth.

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Solution

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4. A 10 kg weight is suspended from ceiling by a chain as
shown in figure. The chain makes an angle of 45 degree
with the ceiling when it is pulled horizontally by a cord.
Find the tension in the chain and the cord.

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5.Determine the force in each cable and the force F
needed to hold the 4kg lamp in the position as shown in
figure.

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