Media and Information Literacy - Senior High School Alternative Delivery

Mode Quarter 1 - Module 1: Introduction to Media and Information

Literacy First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Region X – Northern Mindanao

Regional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO V
Development Team of the Module:

Author: Development team of the module Marilou L. Lora

Reviewers: Therese Mae C. Maandig
Author: Marilou L. Lora Arian M. Edullantes
Editors: Abihail L. Gimena
Reviewers: Illustrator: Therese Mae C. Maandig Jay Michael A.
Calipusan
Arian M. Edullantes
Management Team:
Abihail L. Gimena
Illustrator and Layout Artist:
Chairperson: Jay Michael A. Calipusan Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director

Management Team:Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V

Himaya B. Sinatao Asst. Regional Director
Joel D. Potane Mala Epra B. Magnaong
CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Elson C. Jamero
EPS-Designate-TLE

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Senior High School

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Introduction to Media and and
Information Literacy

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@
deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

 Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Table of Contents

What This Module is About ........................................................................................................ I

What I Need to Know.................................................................................................................. I
How to Learn from this Module ................................................................................................. II
Icons of this Module ................................................................................................................... II
What I Know ............................................................................................................................. III

Lesson 1:
Introduction to Media and Information Literacy .......................1
What I Need to Know ...................................................................................1
What’s New: Different Kinds of Media ..........................................................2
What Is It ......................................................................................................3
What’s More: Identification of the Use of Media ...........................................3
What Is It: Definition of Terms ......................................................................4
What’s More: Case Analysis .........................................................................5
What’s New: Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences ...............6
What I Have Learned: Synthesizing your Learning ......................................7
What I Can Do: Online Browsing of Satirical Sites .......................................8

Lesson 2:
Information Literacy ....................................................................9
What’s In ......................................................................................................9
What I Need to Know ...................................................................................9
What’s New: Situational Simulation ............................................................10
What Is It: Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy .................................10
What’s More: Social Media Scenario .........................................................11
What I Have Learned: Information Ethics...................................................12
What I Can Do: Detecting Fake News Online ............................................13

Summary ...........................................................................................................................14
Assessment: (Post-Test)....................................................................................................15
Key to Answers ..................................................................................................................16
References ........................................................................................................................20
What This Module is About
Welcome to the 21st Century Society!
We live in a world where the quality of information we receive largely determines our choices
and ensuing actions, including our capacity to enjoy fundamental freedoms and the ability for
self-determination and development. Driven by technological improvements in
telecommunications, there is also a proliferation of media and other information providers
through which vast amounts of information and knowledge are accessed and shared by
citizens (Karklins, J., UNESCO).
This Module is an introductory part for the subject in Media and Information Literacy, which
will pave the way towards more meaningful discussions and interactions. This is aimed in
introducing the concept of Media and Information Literacy to Senior High School learners, as
solid ground for college readiness. Basic concepts and terminologies will be presented as we
go along the module.
Together, let us scan the next few pages of this module in order for us to be fully equipped
and to be media and information literate individual. There are several standard symbols (icons)
used as you go about in the completion of this module. For instance, a hand cupped with a
sprout represents an activity that introduces you to a new lesson or concept. This is reinforced
with the magnifying glass icon that discusses the activity as a part of the lesson, enabling you
to discover and understand the totality of the lesson. Highlighting each lesson is your
application of learning, an activity that shall transfer the skills and knowledge gained into your
real life situations, symbolized with a nut and wrench tandem.
This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School student to
not just be an information literate individual, but a creative and critical thinker as well as
responsible user and competent producer of media and information.
The following are the lessons contained in this module: 1.
Introduction to Media and Information Literacy;
2. Information Literacy.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Describe how much media and information affect communication (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-
1);
2. Identify the similarities and differences of media literacy, information literacy, and
technology literacy (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-2);
3. Editorializes the value of being a media and information literate individual.
(MIL11/12IMILIIIa-3);
4. Identifies characteristics /describes a responsible user and competent producers of
media and information (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-3);
5. Share one’s media habits, lifestyles and preferences (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-4);

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 6. Define information needs; can locate, access, assess, organize, and communicate
information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-8);
7. Demonstrate ethical use of information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-9).

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior relatedt
knowledge

What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that

of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are

intended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you have

Learned learned from the lesson

II
What I can do These are tasks that are designed to
showcase your skills and knowledge gained,
and applied into real-life concerns and
situations.

III
 Lesson
Introduction to Media and
1 Information Literacy

What I Need to Know

In this fast-paced, technology-driven time, we are bombarded with various information here
and there, in the convenience of a click, right in the comforts of our very own homes. Being
Senior High School students, you are expected to be literate, not just in terms of numbers and
letters, but to be able to fully grasp up to what extent information may be used and distributed.
But first, we need to take a close look at the ways by which we use, and eventually distribute
information. Hence, we will look into communication and its medium. Take a look at the picture
below.

Photo Credit: https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

The picture above depicts how each individual communicate at different levels, at different
forms. Each one of us has a personal concept of communication. Communication is broadly
defined as the imparting and exchanging of information or news (Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communication on October 31, 2018).
In order to communicate, we use different medium of communication to carry out the message
we want to convey. There are various outlets that we can use in order to deliver our message.
Few of the examples are listed below.

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Table 1. Examples of Communication Medium
Communication Medium How it Works
Person to person interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
Conversation deliver the message.

One to many interaction using one’s voice as the tool to

deliver the message to a large number of people, at any
Public Speaking
given time.

Written messages in whatever form, usually on paper and

Documents/ Letters/ Mails print.

Messages rendered in the form of paintings, drawings,

photography, videos, images, and the like, that conveys
Visual Art
specific emotion, idea or thought.

Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters,

inpackage information contained in product packaging, and
Physical Medium
the like.

Digital and electronic means to convey messages such as

website or computer application, primarily by the use of
Digital/ Interactive
internet.

How about you, can you add more to the list?

With the concept of communication defined above, how then can media affect
communication? But, before we discuss further on that, we will contextualize media, as it is
used in your daily lives and routine as students.

What’s New
Table 2. Different Kinds of Media Used Daily
Activity 1: Different kinds of media

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 Media Used
With communicating, we make use of different
channels so as to convey and/or exchange 1. Cellular Mobile Phones
information. Imagine a typical day in your life as
a Senior High School Student. Identify and list 2.
down ten (10) different kinds of media that you 3.
use in order to communicate information. The
first one is done for you. 4.
5.
6.
7.
What Is It
As you may have written from the list above, 8.
Media is commonly synonymous with
9.
technology. So, what is Media anyway?
Media refers to various channels of 10.
communication between a person or persons
and their intended audience. Television, radio, newspapers and the internet are different types
of Media. One of the oldest forms of media is print. Thanks to the ever changing technology,
our exposure to media is almost nonstop. Media shapes our perceptions of what is real. It
surrounds us in the forms of billboards, signage, and even the clothes you wear. We have
radio, television, computers, and smartphones. We have the internet, online video channels,
and all sorts of social media. So stop and look around, media is everywhere, and it’s not going
away anytime soon. Learn about it, understand it, so that you may be media-smart. (YouTube
Channel MediaSmarts retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw)
Simply put, media are the things or gadgets that we use in order to convey the details of the
information that we want to impart or communicate to people, and the society in general.
Example, if you want to notify your classmate of a meeting organized by a club you joined,
how will you go about communicating the information? Will you send text messages through
your cellular phone? Or maybe send a private message through social media? Or write it down
on a paper, and hang it on visible places around the campus? Whichever way, you must use
a medium to communicate the information. Hence, communication and media are directly
interrelated, such that media serves as a platform by which one can meaningfully express and
communicate oneself.
Furthermore, a specific media (thing/ gadget) can either be a Source of Information, a Medium
of Communication, or both. A media is considered a source of information if the use of the
media provides knowledge and information about something, while a media used as a channel
to convey information is considered a medium of communication. A media can also be
simultaneously used both as a source and a medium of information. To give you more of this
concept, you may answer the activity below.

What’s More
Table 3. Identification of Media and its Use

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Activity 2: Identification of Media Used Use of Media
the Uses of Media 1. Cellular Mobile Phones (B) Medium of Communication
From the list that you 2.
have identified from Activity
1, identify 3.
the use of the specific
4.
media listed if it is (A) Source
of Information, (B) Medium of 5.
Communication, or (C) Both.
The first one is done for you. 6.
7.
8.

What Is It 9.
From the example done for 10.
you, a Cellular Mobile Phone
with simple call and text features is an example of a medium of communication, because it
allows you to communicate and reach out to others. However, Smart Phones which are types
of mobile phones having the multi-purpose features of communication, multimedia
functionality, wireless communication like Bluetooth and wi-fi, is an example of both a source
of information and a medium of communication. Needless to say, a smart phone can be used
as a medium to communicate to other people from across the globe, and if loaded with cellular
data, can surf the internet hence, a potential source of information.
Now that we have discussed the interrelationship of media and communication, we will
examine the different concepts that will be used in this subject. We will build your definition on
the following key concepts, as referenced from the Teaching Guide of Media and Information
Literacy formulated by the CHED in collaboration with the Philippine Normal University:
A. Literacy- The ability to identify, E. Information Literacy- The ability to
understand, interpret, create, recognize when information is needed,
communicate and compute, using and to locate, evaluate, and effectively
printed and written materials associated communicate information in its various
with varying contexts. Literacy involves formats.
a continuum of learning, wherein
F. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The
individuals are able to achieve their
ability of an individual, either working
goals, develop their knowledge and
independently or with others, to
potential, and participate fully in their
responsibly, appropriately, and
community and wider society.
effectively use technological tools.
B. Media- The physical objects used to Using these tools an individual can
communicate with or the mass access, manage, integrate, evaluate,
communication through physical create and communicate information.
objects such as radio, television,
G. Media and Information Literacy- The
computers, film, etc. It also refers to any essential skills and competencies that
physical object used to communicate allow individuals to engage with media
messages. and other information providers
C. Media Literacy- The ability to access, effectively, as well as develop critical
analyze, evaluate, and create media in thinking and life-long learning skills to
a variety of forms. It aims to empower socialize and become active citizens.
citizens by providing them with the

4
 competencies (knowledge and skills)
necessary to engage with traditional
media and new technologies.
D. Information- A broad term that covers
processed data, knowledge derived
from study, experience, instruction,
signals or symbols.

Figure 1. The interrelationship of the different

concepts of Media and Information Literacy

Lesson 2 Information
Literacy

What’s In
In lesson 1, we have learned the mechanics of communication, in order to effectively deliver
messages to other people, using different communication mediums or media. There are a
number of media uses, each can either be a source of information, or the communication
medium itself. We have also defined several literacy terms, one of which is Informagtion
Literacy, which will be discussed in-depth in this lesson.

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 What I Need to Know

Generated by Marilou L. Lora from https://bigcrunch.io/v/nAEdNnc7nssE4Xi77EhSJg

• Why do we need information?

• Where do we search for information?
• How do we acquire and store information?
• How do we use the information that we have?
• How will we communicate the information that we have acquired?

The questions outlined above are some of the few questions that comes into mind when we
talk about Information Literacy, which was introduced in the earlier part of this module. Before
we go further, answer the first activity of the lesson.

What’s New
Activity 1: Situational Simulation
You are given an opportunity to interview personally the mayor of the city where you live in.
In this case, write down at least five (5) questions that you would want to ask the mayor.

What Is It
Now, given the above questions which you have personally chosen, it is important to
understand the need to acquire this information that you have asked from the mayor of the
city. These questions are actually a result of you trying to go through the process towards
becoming an information literate individual.

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 As a review, we already discussed what Information Literacy is. It is defined as the ability to
recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate
information in its various formats. Therefore, it is a set of individual competencies needed to
identify, evaluate and use information in the most ethical, efficient and effective way across all
domains, occupations and professions.

Table 7. Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy

Stage What this stage is about?
Identifying/ recognizing information needs
1 The realization that there arise a need or a problem exists that requires information,
for its satisfactory resolution.

Determining sources of information

2 Know how to determine if the needed information exists, and to source out from
varied avenues.

Citing or searching for information

3 Know how to find needed information, to give credits to the source of the
information.
Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
Know how to fully understand found information, or know where to go for help if
4 needed to understand, and to assess the accuracy and reliability of the information
acquired.

Organizing, storing or archiving information

Know how to preserve, store, reuse, record and archive information for future use,
5 or to dispose of information no longer needed, and safeguard information that
should be protected.

Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way

6 Know how to utilize information to solve problem, make decision, or meet need.

Creating and communicating new knowledge

7 Know how to communicate and present information to others in appropriate, usable
formats/ mediums.
Take note that the concept is appropriately divided into stages as to one cannot proceed with
the next step, unless the initial step is not satisfied. It can be considered as elements, since
each one must be exhibited in an individual if we consider an one as information literate.
In the table from the previous page, let us just consider a situation relevant to your experience
as SHS student, particularly your task on your subject in Practical Research. First thing that
you need to do is to look for a specific need, a problem that needs resolution (Stage 1) which
will serve as the moving reason for your research. Let’s just say you want to look into students’
reading comprehension. Stage 2 requires that you must determine if there are available
materials for your references, whether they be in hard or soft copies, digital or otherwise.
Definitely, once you have determined your information sources, like the internet, books,
journals, and the like, you must cite these sources appropriately in order to not be charged
with plagiarism. Stage 4 is all about analyzing and evaluating which from the varied information
available are relevant to your research topic, and which are not valuable enough for use. This
stage requires a full understanding of the topic or need that you need to resolve. Stage 5
requires knowledge as to the preservation and storage of the information that you have
acquired. You may store these on a flash drive, or maybe print or photocopy the information

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for your reference. Stage 6 is all about the proper way of using the information that you have
acquired that will be beneficial to a large number of people. The ethical and legal side of using
referenced materials then comes into question. Finally, you will have to decide then as to the
manner of communicating the information to the vast majority of the people. Definitely as an
output of your Practical Research, you need to have this printed and bounded before
submitting to your teacher.
Let us now test your understanding by doing the activity below.
Let us move on further as you answer the following
activity to enhance your capacities in passing opinion
as to the daily life situations you are facing involving
information literacy as a Senior High student.
What’s More
Information needs
Activity 2: Social Media Scenario
(What information do you need?)
You have seen the viral video in social
media about a senior high school Sources of information
student bullying another student within (Where will you get them?)
the school premises. There had been
so much concerns circulating in the Access to the information
online world about the identity of the (How will you access them?)
parties involved, one of which claims
Evaluate information
that the school is playing favorites
between the parties, and favoring the (How will you check the quality of
bully in the video. As an active social information?)
media user, you want to exhibit your Organize information
being a media and information literate
individual, the following table below (How will you organize and store
outlines the task that you will have to them?)
take in order to come up with an Communicate information
informative post relative to the viral
issue at hand. How will you create and
communicate them?)

Summary
1. Communication is broadly defined as the imparting and exchanging of information.
2. There are different communication mediums, common examples are Conversation,
Public Speaking, Documents/ Letters/ Mails, Visual Art, Physical Medium, Digital/
Interactive. Each one of these mediums works differently in conveying messages and
information, but with the main purpose of communicating information to others.
3. Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and
compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy
involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals,
develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their community and
wider society.
4. Media are the physical objects used to communicate with or the mass communication
through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to
any physical object used to communicate messages.

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5. Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety
of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies
(knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new
technologies.
6. Information- A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study,
experience, instruction, signals or symbols.
7. Information Literacy- The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to
locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats.
8. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The ability of an individual, either working
independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use
technological tools. Using these tools an individual can access, manage, integrate,
evaluate, create and communicate information.
9. Media and Information Literacy- The skills and competencies that allow individuals
to engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well as develop
critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.
10. The Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy are:
Stage 1- Identifying/ recognizing information needs
Stage 2- Determining sources of information
Stage 3- Citing or searching for information
Stage 4- Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
Stage 5- Organizing, storing or archiving information
Stage 6- Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way
Stage 7- Creating and communicating new knowledge
11. The Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy are divided into stages as to one cannot
proceed with the next step, unless the initial step is not satisfied. It can also be
considered elements, because each one must be exhibited in an individual if we are to
consider one an information literate.