MAT 082: Differential Equations Student's Activity Sheet Module #3 Name Souq, hm Fhayll Class number: Section: _Bl- DASCB-63 ‘Schedule: Su 218 = i309 Date: a Lesson 2.2: Differential Equations and ts Particular Solution ‘Materials: Lead onieceives: Ballpoint and notebook ‘Upon completion of this lesson, you can: References: , Iuips//wwotopor.comay’ fexmathsitfe 41. Derive the particular solution to a given differential equation # _“ll-eaunioas eens henson given an initial value problem or boundary probiem. 2. te arbitrary constants given a solution of a DE ‘uspsu/www intmath comv/ifferential 3. Prove the correspondence of a solution to its corresponding _squations/ differential equation. SS Productivity Tip: Stay awake and keep your focus. Enjoy learning with a dose of homemade milk tea. AL Pr REVI 1) Introduction (2 mins) A particular solution (PS) is obtained from a given or derived general solution to a differential equation ‘after assigning given values for the independent and dependent variables in a general solution to know the absolute value of the arbitrary constant or constants. 2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins) ‘What | Know ‘Questions: ‘What | Learned (Activ'ty 4) | Do Wer 1. What is an IVP? Untis| Velie Pbhems Zo you know what the end : He ADE one een |e its solution? B.MAIN LESSON 1). Activity 2: Content Notes (30 mins) ‘Afirst order initial value problem is a system of equations of the form (t,y.y') = 0, y(to) = Yo - Here ta is a fixed time and yo is a number. A solution of an inital value problem is @ solution f(+) of the differential equation that also satisfies the initial condition (to) = Yo - nranerty af PHINMA FD inonmantR MAT 052: Differential Equations PHINMA EDUCATION Student's Activity Sheet Module #3 Class number: Name: Date: Section: ‘Schedule: 7 PARTICULAR SOLUTION TO A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION i : 7 : Gs) by ‘A particular solution (PS) of a differential equation is a solution obtained from the general solution (GS ‘astigning epecfc values to the arbitrary constants. The conditions for calculating the values of the arbitrary constants can be provided to us in the form of an Inial-Value Problem, or Boundary Conditions, depending on the problem. Solved Examples For You ‘At this point, we have learned a few things on how to solve DEs from the previous lesson. We should also learn how to deal with a problem of proving the correspondence of a given DE and its solution. Here's how we should do it. Example 4. Prove that y = Ce” is a solution to the DE y’ Proof: Let y = Ce* be equation (1) and the DE y’ = 2y be equation (2), Since the given DE has the y' term, we will differentiate once equation (1) and we will have ce equation (1) y' = Ce™*(2) = 2Ce** —--equation (3) ‘Then substitute equations (1) and (3) in (2), we have y'=2y —---~equation (2) 2Ce* = 2(Ce®*) which is an identity. So we have proven the correspondence and that y = Ce* is indeed a solution to the DE y’ = 2y. Example 2. Determine whether the function f@) = cet + ce“ + sine is a general solution of the differential equation given as — #F of et ae Bf = eost-Asine ‘Also find the particular solution of the given differential equation satisfying the £(0) = 2and f'(0) = SSPHIINMA EDUCATION MAT 082: Differential Equations EERO Student's Activity Sheet Module #3 Name. Class number: Section: Schedule: Date: Procedure: The function f(t) must satisfy the differential equation in order to be a solution. So let us frst write down the derivatives of F with f(t) = c,et + cge~™ +sint FO) = qe? +(-3)qe-™ + cost or x. (= cet 3eqe™ + cost 2 PO) = cet + (-3)%ege- —sint or a PO = ce! + 9eze** — sint Now let us use these values for f in the left-hand side of the differential equation and compute the result. 2 ti) ag ees af = Roost —4sint ce" + 9c,e-* — sint + 2(cye' — 3cze~** + cost) — 3(cye* + cpe~™ + sint) = 2cost-4sint Expanding, cyel + 9cze7% — sint + 2cye" — 6cze%* + 2cost ~ 3c,e® — 3c,e-% — 3 sine = 2cost-4ssint Then simplifying after comt =sint +2cost —3sint = 2cost-4sint 2cost—4sint =2cost-4sint Left hand side (LHS) = Right hand side (RHS) > an IDENTITY! 2 Indeed, f(t) = cyet + cze** + sint is a solution to “f+ 2%-3¢ = 2cost-4sint. at tae Determination of the Particular Solution Example 3. [Continuing from Example 2] Find the particular solution of the given DE from Example 2 given the initial boundary conditions (IBC) at ), £(0) = 2and f'(0) = -5. Procedure: From Example 2, the given function is f(t) = cye' + ce" + sint Applying the IBC, at time ¢ = 0, we have to substitute itn f(¢), with f(0) = 2, (0) = cye° + cze~3 + sin(0) (0) = e,(1) + 0,(1) +0MAT 052: Differential Equations sis eoucimion Student's Activity Sheet Module #3 Name: Class number: Section: Schedule: Date: "1 +2 2-¢y-—————- eqn. (1) Similarly, at time ¢ = 0, we have to substitute it in f"(t), with "(0) = FQ) = ce? ~ 3cze-* + cos0 FO) = cx) ~ 3¢,(1) +1 ~S = ¢y ~ 3cz +1 ———— eqtn. (2) ‘Substituting eqtn, (1) in eqin.(2), we have W5=q-3@-q) 41 SH q-6+3q41 “S=4q-5 --4 q=0 1 = O substituted in egtn. (1), -—-+ ¢ = 2 Assigning or substituting derived values c, = 0 and c, = 2 in f(t), we have {he required particular solution f(¢) = 2e-** + sine forthe DE “f+ 24-35 = 2cost—asine Example 4. Find the particular solution forthe differential equation dy + 7xdx = 0 given that (0) = 3, Procedure: Let us have a differential term on each side of the equation and so the DE becomes dy = ~7xdx ‘Also, insert integral signs to be able to integrate afterwards. Jay [ra 2 ya-7+e ~ General Solution With the given initial boundary condition y(0) = 3, this means that at x = 0,y = 3. Substitute the boundary condition in the derived general solution, we have ‘Then again, substitute ¢ = Question: Do you know that the particular solution we have found has a graphical representation? Medocumentt te Pope OPEN EDUCATIONPHINMA EDUCATION MAT 052: Differential Equations ecumereenencimca Student's Activity Sheet Module #3 Class number: ‘Schedule: Date: Sotaon graph: y= —Za? +3, Yes, the particular solution can be visually interpreted as a parabola that is concave downward with vertex at (0, 3). Another thing to learn is how to eliminate an arbitrary constant or how to find the differential equation. Finding the Differential Equation (By Elimination of Arbitrary Constants) Example 5. Eliminate the arbitrary constants A and B from the equation y = Ae~™* + Be™*, Demonstration: hint Label the equations Set the given y = Ae** + Be™ as egtn. (1). given and derived Since there are two arbitrary constants to be eliminated, compute its first two derivatives, and label these as eqtns. (2) and (3), respectively. These are je~**(—2) + Be™*(3) or y' =-2Ae™* + 3Be* —-— eqtn, (2) ~2Ae-**(—2) + 3Be**(3) or y"= 4Ae* +9Be* ———— eqtn. (3) yrs We will then use eqtns. (2) and (3) in the following manner: vent ie the nronertv of PlHINA EDUCATION. MAT 052: Differential Equations Student's Activity Sheet Module #3 Name: Class number: Section: ‘Schedule; Date: G9 p Think about tis. @\q © Tobe able to eliminate A, we have to multiply eqtn. (2) by a number 2 so that it becomes. 0 Qo 2[y'=—2Ae™* + 3Be%*] becomes 2y! = —44e-™ + 6Be™* — etn. (4) Then add eqtn, (4) to egtn. (3). What happens is 2y! = —4Ae7™ + 6Be™ ——- eat. (4) Sx _—— eqtn. (3) stata sar 2y'+y"= 0 +15Be* — eqtn. (5) {ia similar way, to be able to eliminate A again, we first muttply 2 to eqtn. (1) then add the result to eqtn. (2), we will have nee = 2Ly=Ae™* + Be™*] becomes > 2y = 2Ae-™* + 2Be%* — eatn, (6) And 2y = 2Aev* + 2Be% — eatn. (6) —t y= =2Ae"™* + 382% _—- eqtn. (2) 2yty = 0 +5Be™* — egtn. (7) Examine | Now, examine eqtns. (5) and (7). ‘and ‘Analyse_| We can see that we need (-15) as a coefficient of Be in eqtn.(7) so that we can eliminate B when added to eqtn. (5). ‘So we multiply negative 3 to eqtn. (7) and have -3[2y+y’ =5Be™*] becomes > -6y ~ 3y’ = -15Be* — eqin. (8) And —15Be* ~— eqtn. (8) 3x — eatin. (5) 0 ~6y ~3y' ~by-y ty" YES! We have made it. We have eliminated the arbitrary constants and we can rewrite the final ‘equation with decreasing order of derivatives, y"-y'-6y=0. 2) Activity 3: Skill-bullding Activities (with answer key) (6 mins + 2 mins checking) ‘A. Find the particular solution of y' = 5 given that y(0) = 2. B. For the equation of family of circle (x — 2)? + (y +1)? = r? or general calgon of a circle with center at (2,-1), determine its corresponding DE. Teoaneteae propery of PENNA EDUCATIONPHINMA EDUCATION MAT 052: Differential Equations tla Student's Activity Sheet Module #3 Name: Class number: Section: ‘Schedule: Date: 3) Activity 4: What | Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins) 4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding (10 mins) Verity that the function y = e~* is a solution to the differential equation: G. LESSON WRAP-UP 2) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins) You are done withthe session! Lets track your Period 1 Period? Period 3 112 [41516]? |] 2 [20] | 12] 13] 14] 15] 16] 17] 18 | 19 ] 20] 20 [22 [23 [24 [25 [26] 27] 28] 29] 30] 31 Q1: What hint or strategy is well understood by you? Il Q2: What type of question do you perceive to be most workable or manageable within 5 minutes? Least workable within 10 minutes? 1 pronagecbk in S prinWl@S: FAQs 1, What is the difference of a general solution to a particular solution? ‘Ans.: The difference lies in the constant. There is no arbitrary constant left in a particular solution because the arbitrary constant in the general solution is then derived as an absolute constant found after substituting the initial boundary conditions in the general solution. 2. What is an identity equation or identity? ‘Ans.: An identity equation or simply called identity is a mathematical statement that what is written on the left hand side (LHS) is exactly the same on the right hand side (RHS) after simplification. KEY TO CORRECTIONS Activity 3: Skill-building Activities ‘A. Find the particular solution of y’ = 5 given that (0) Procedure: Rewrite y’ = 5 as a DE with a pair of differentials dy = Sdx Integrate: fdy = fSdx --» y=5x+C Apply IBC atx =0,y=2: 2=5(0)+C --42C=2 Hence, the particular solution of the given DE y' = Sis y= Sx+2. Incuiment fe the nronenty,Pea MAT 082: Differential Equations Seasoucaon, Student's Activity Sheet Module #3 Nam Class number: Section: ‘Schedule: Date: B. For the equation of family of circle (x — 2)? + (y +1)? =r? Center at (2,-1), determine its corresponding DE. Procedure: ‘or general equation of a circle with Differentiate (x - 2)? + (y +1)? Hint: Derivative of the sum is Note: r is an arbitrary constant, = C# with respect to x.Do it per term. the sum of the derivatives, x= 2)? | dly+3)? _a(r?) dx de dx 2-2) +24 Dy! =0 Dividing the equation by 2, &-2+O4Dy' Restriction: y + —1 because division by zero is not allowed for y' 0 Activity 5: Check for Understanding Verify that the function y = e~3* is a solution to the differential equation +2-6y=0. Procedure: Consider the given function y= e-* as the equation (1) while the given DE £24 %— gy =0 as equation (2). It shows that the DE has the 1* derivative of with respect to the independent variable x which is 2. ‘So we need to differentiate the given function y = e~® with respect to x considering the form £0 = eS, and we have y' = e-*(~3) or wnn--- equation (3) ‘Since there's the 2% ordered derivative © in the given DE, we should also get the derivative of y' = & or differentiate twice the function y just lke in differential calculus and arrive at a d (dy) _ dy 0 aes) “ast zz) = Bylrde) = 301-3) 15 ent is the property of= “e ar ” PHINMA EDUCATION, MAT 052: Differential Equations oe Student's Activity Sheet Module #3 Class number: ‘Schedule: Date: equation (4) ‘We then substitute the equations (1), (3), and (4) in equation (2) and see what we have below ay dy wt ~ 6y =0-—~-— equation (2) he + cay - os =0 Which when simplified, reduces to an identity, th o=0 ‘Therefore, the given function is a solution to the given DE.ya «eo B Coals (ani EON eG Le Ged AUD) r43(4u1) = 0 Aehily © pe ce a al ve 24,4 Ys 7 dy? ye yh ae yt ae semi cvem) “ble 20 4e%— 4% = 0 ye?