SingleRAN

SRAN19.1

Base Station Controller

Transmission Performance
Monitoring
Issue 01
Date 2023-03-07

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2023. All rights reserved.
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Base Station Controller Transmission Performance
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Contents

1 Base Station Controller Transmission Performance Monitoring.................................. 1

1.1 Changes in Base Station Controller Transmission Performance Monitoring...................................................... 2
1.2 Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Performance Monitoring Scenarios............................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Performance Monitoring System.................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Transmission Capacity Monitoring.................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.3.2 User-Plane Counter Monitoring...................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.3 Control-Plane Counter Monitoring................................................................................................................................ 4
1.3.4 Ethernet Port Monitoring.................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.3.5 LAG Port Monitoring...........................................................................................................................................................6
1.4 Transport Congestion Monitoring......................................................................................................................................6
1.4.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
1.4.2 User-Plane Congestion Monitoring................................................................................................................................6
1.4.2.1 Adjacent Node Congestion............................................................................................................................................7
1.4.2.2 Logical Port Congestion................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.4.2.3 Physical Port Congestion................................................................................................................................................8
1.4.3 Control-Plane Congestion Monitoring.......................................................................................................................... 9
1.4.3.1 Congestion Caused by Packet Loss or Delay During Data Transmission.................................................... 10
1.4.3.2 Congestion Caused by Peak Value of Service Data........................................................................................... 10
1.5 Transmission QoS Monitoring.......................................................................................................................................... 11
1.5.1 Overview............................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.5.2 IPPM QoS Monitoring...................................................................................................................................................... 12
1.5.3 TWAMP QoS Monitoring................................................................................................................................................ 13

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1 Base Station Controller Transmission

Performance Monitoring

This document describes base station controller transmission performance

monitoring, including:
● Capacity monitoring
● Congestion monitoring
● Network quality of service (QoS) monitoring

Product Version
Product Name Product Version Solution Version

BSC6910 V100R025C10 ● GBSS25.1

● RAN25.1
● SRAN19.1

Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
● System engineers
● Site maintenance personnel
1.1 Changes in Base Station Controller Transmission Performance Monitoring
1.2 Overview
1.3 Transmission Capacity Monitoring
1.4 Transport Congestion Monitoring
1.5 Transmission QoS Monitoring

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1.1 Changes in Base Station Controller Transmission

Performance Monitoring
This section describes the changes in the Base Station Controller Transmission
Performance Monitoring.

01 (2023-03-07)
Compared with Draft A (2022-12-30), this issue does not include any changes.

Draft A (2022-12-30)
Compared with Issue 01 (2022-03-07) of SRAN18.1, this issue does not include
any changes.

1.2 Overview

1.2.1 Performance Monitoring Scenarios

Transmission performance monitoring tracks usage and performance data related
to the transport network, and helps analyze and locate faults if the transport
network becomes abnormal or faulty, ensuring its proper and efficient operation.

Transmission performance monitoring includes capacity monitoring, congestion

monitoring, and network quality of service (QoS) monitoring. This document
describes performance counters commonly monitored by the BSC. Transmission
performance monitoring is suitable only for Ethernet transmission, not for E1 or
other transmission.

1.2.2 Performance Monitoring System

Performance monitoring targets can be sorted into two general categories:
● Monitoring types
Different types of transmission performance monitoring related to:
– Transmission capacity (throughput and throughput rate)
– Transmission QoS (delay, packet loss, and jitter)
– Transmission congestion
● Monitored objects
Classified based on network layers.
Monitoring objects are sorted by network layer such as those shown in the
table below.

Monitoring Monitored Object

Type
Port User Plane Control Plane

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Throughput ● Number of N/A N/A

received packets
● Number of
transmitted
packets

Throughput ● Data receive rate ● Data receive rate ● Data receive rate
rate ● Data transmit ● Data transmit ● Data transmit
rate rate rate

Transmissio Packet loss rate ● Delay N/A

n QoS ● Packet loss rate
● Jitter

Congestion Packet loss over a Congestion duration Congestion duration

logical interface

1.3 Transmission Capacity Monitoring

1.3.1 Overview
This chapter describes counters related to BSC service traffic. The BSC provides
user-plane, control-plane, and transmission port (Ethernet port and ports in an
LAG) traffic statistics.
The counter monitoring helps the operation and maintenance (O&M) personnel
track equipment traffic in real time, analyze usage of IP-based network
bandwidths, and determine the following:
● Whether the transmission bandwidth allocated to the BSC is fully utilized
● Whether the BSC transmission bandwidth needs to be increased

1.3.2 User-Plane Counter Monitoring

Counters
VS.IPPOOL.SIP.IPLAYER.PEAK.TXRATE
VS.IPPOOL.SIP.IPLAYER.PEAK.RXRATE
In transmission resource pool networking, these counters track the maximum
transmit and receive rates for a single local IP address at the IP layer during a
measurement period. The measurements reflect the maximum load of the local IP
address.
VS.IPPOOL.SIP.IPLAYER.MEAN.TX
VS.IPPOOL.SIP.IPLAYER.MEAN.RX
In transmission resource pool networking, these counters track the average
transmit and receive rates for a single local IP address at the IP layer during a

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measurement period. The measurements reflect the average load of the local IP
address.

VS.LGCPRT.Alloced.Max.Fwd

VS.LGCPRT.Alloced.Max.Bwd

These counters track the maximum forward and backward bandwidths allocated
to a logical port during a measurement period. The measurements reflect the
maximum service volume of the logical port within the measurement period.

VS.LGCPRT.Alloced.Ave.Fwd

VS.LGCPRT.Alloced.Ave.Bwd

These counters track the average forward bandwidth and average backward
bandwidth allocated to a logical port during a measurement period. The
measurements reflect the service volume of the logical port within the
measurement period.

Impact of Counter Changes on Services

All the counters described above reflect rate changes for services carried on BSC IP
transmission objects and the service loads on them. When the average transmit or
receive rate exceeds 80% of the configured bandwidth, capacity must be
expanded.

Recommended Measures for Abnormal Counters

If at least one of the above counters has an abnormal value (such as a sudden
rate decrease or increase) within a period, it is recommended that this counter
and other related counters (such as service-related counters) be analyzed
together. The analysis result helps determine whether the exception is normal or
caused by a fault.

1.3.3 Control-Plane Counter Monitoring

Counters
VS.SCTP.IPLAYER.TXMAXSPEED

VS.SCTP.IPLAYER.RXMAXSPEED

These counters track the maximum transmit and receive rates for a single SCTP
link at the IP layer during a measurement period. The measurements reflect the
maximum load of the SCTP link.

VS.SCTP.IPLAYER.TXMEANSPEED

VS.SCTP.IPLAYER.RXMEANSPEED

These counters track the average transmit and receive rates for a single SCTP link
at the IP layer during a measurement period. The measurements reflect the
average load of the SCTP link.

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Impact of Counter Changes on Services

All the counters described above reflect rate changes for signaling data on BSC
SCTP links. An increase in counter values indicates that transmission load on the
SCTP link increases. When usage of the SCTP link buffer area reaches 60%, add an
SCTP link for load sharing.

Recommended Measures for Abnormal Counters

If at least one of the above counters has an abnormal value (such as a sudden
rate decrease or increase) within a period, it is recommended that this counter
and other related counters (such as service-related counters) be analyzed
together. The analysis result helps determine whether the exception is normal or
caused by a fault.

1.3.4 Ethernet Port Monitoring

Counters
VS.FEGE.TXBYTES

VS.FEGE.RXBYTES

These counters track the total number of bytes transmitted and received by a
single Ethernet port during a measurement period. The measurements reflect the
throughput of the Ethernet port.

VS.FEGE.TXMAXSPEED

VS.FEGE.RXMAXSPEED

These counters track the maximum transmit and receive rates for a single Ethernet
port during a measurement period. The measurements reflect the maximum load
of the Ethernet port.

VS.FEGE.TXMEANSPEED

VS.FEGE.RXMEANSPEED

These counters track the average transmit and receive rates for a single Ethernet
port during a measurement period. The measurements reflect the average load of
the Ethernet port.

Impact of Counter Changes on Services

All the counters described above reflect the total throughput and throughput rate
changes for the Ethernet port on the BSC. When the counter value increases
suddenly, packet loss may occur on the transport network. When the throughput
exceeds 85% of the available bandwidth, an interface board must be added, or a
new port must be enabled for capacity expansion.

Recommended Measures for Abnormal Counters

If at least one of the above counters has an abnormal value (such as a sudden
rate decrease or increase) within a period, it is recommended that this counter

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and other related counters be analyzed together. The analysis result helps
determine whether the exception is normal or caused by a fault.

1.3.5 LAG Port Monitoring

Counters
VS.TRUNK.TXMAXSPEED
VS.TRUNK.RXMAXSPEED
These counters track the maximum transmit and receive rates for a single Ethernet
link aggregation group (LAG) during a measurement period. The measurements
reflect the maximum load of the Ethernet LAG.
VS.TRUNK.TXMEANSPEED
VS.TRUNK.RXMEANSPEED
These counters track the average transmit and receive rates for a single Ethernet
LAG. The measurements reflect the average load of the Ethernet LAG.

Impact of Counter Changes on Services

All the counters described above reflect the total throughput rate changes for the
Ethernet LAG on the BSC. When the counter value increases suddenly, packet loss
may occur on the transport network. When the physical port rate of a single
Ethernet LAG exceeds 85% of the available bandwidth, an interface board must be
added for capacity expansion.

Recommended Measures for Abnormal Counters

If at least one of the above counters has an abnormal value (such as a sudden
rate decrease or increase) within a period, it is recommended that this counter
and other related counters be analyzed together. The analysis result helps
determine whether the exception is normal or caused by a fault.

1.4 Transport Congestion Monitoring

1.4.1 Overview
This chapter describes counters related to BSC bandwidth congestion. The counter
monitoring result helps the O&M personnel learn real-time bandwidth usage of
transmission equipment, check whether the IP-based network experiences
congestion, and determine the following information:
● Whether the BSC transmission bandwidth needs to be increased
● Whether bandwidth resources of interface boards are insufficient to meet
service requirements

1.4.2 User-Plane Congestion Monitoring

There is congestion on the user plane when the remaining bandwidth for a newly
initiated IP service is less than or equal to the congestion remaining threshold. The

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congestion remaining threshold can be configured as required. If it is set to 0, the

BSC does not experience congestion. User-plane congestion occurs in any of the
following scenarios:
In transmission resource pool networking, when a large amount of services access
to the configured adjacent node within a short time, adjacent node-level
congestion exists.
The BTS is configured on a single logical port on the BSC side and exclusively uses
the bandwidth of the logical port. If the BTS carries excessively heavy traffic,
logical port-level congestion exists.
The Ethernet port of an interface board carries too many services, and physical
port-level congestion exists.

Figure 1-1 BSC6910 congestion layers

1.4.2.1 Adjacent Node Congestion

Counters
VS.IPPOOL.ADJNODE.Fwd.Cong
VS.IPPOOL.ADJNODE.Bwd.Cong
These counters track the number of times there was forward and backward
congestion on an IP transport adjacent node. These counters and the following
two counters reflect the overall IP transport adjacent node congestion. If a large
number of IP transport adjacent nodes are congested for a long time, services will
be affected.
VS.IPPOOL.ADJNODE.Fwd.Cong.Dur
VS.IPPOOL.ADJNODE.Bwd.Cong.Dur
These counters track how long an IP transport adjacent node experiences forward
and backward congestion. These counters and the above two counters reflect the
overall IP transport adjacent node congestion. If a large number of IP transport
adjacent nodes are congested for a long time, services will be affected.

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Impact of Counter Changes on Services

If the values of the counters described above increase, IP transport adjacent node
congestion becomes severe, and the rate of services on the IP transport adjacent
node will decrease, affecting user experience.

Recommended Measures for Abnormal Counters

On the alarm console, check whether ALM-21603 Adjacent Node Congestion has
been generated. If this alarm is generated, relieve IP transport adjacent node
congestion following instructions provided in the alarm help.

1.4.2.2 Logical Port Congestion

Counters
VS.LGCPRT.Fwd.Cong
VS.LGCPRT.Bwd.Cong
These counters track the number of times there was forward and backward
congestion on a logical port during a measurement period. These counters and
the following two counters reflect the overall logical port congestion. If a large
number of logical ports experience congestion for a long time, service experience
will deteriorate.
VS.LGCPRT.Fwd.Cong.Dur
VS.LGCPRT.Bwd.Cong.Dur
These counters track how long a logical port experiences congestion during a
measurement period. These counters and the number of times a logical port is
congested reflect the overall logical port congestion. If a large number of logical
ports are congested for a long time, service access will be affected.

Impact of Counter Changes on Services

When the values of the above counters increase, logical port congestion becomes
severe. The bandwidth of low-priority services carried on the logical port will be
reduced. During busy hours, the service access success rate decreases.

Recommended Measures for Abnormal Counters

On the alarm console, check whether ALM-21587 IP Logical Port Congestion has
been generated. If this alarm is generated, relieve logical port congestion
following instructions provided in the alarm help.

1.4.2.3 Physical Port Congestion

Counters
VS.FEGE.Fwd.Cong
VS.FEGE.Bwd.Cong

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These counters track the number of times there was forward and backward
congestion at an FE/GE Ethernet port within a measurement period. If an FE/GE
Ethernet port is congested for a long time, service access may be affected. The
values of these counters and the following two counters jointly reflect the overall
congestion situation of an FE/GE Ethernet port.
VS.FEGE.Fwd.Cong.Dur
VS.FEGE.Bwd.Cong.Dur
These counters track the accumulated duration of forward and backward
congestion on an FE/GE Ethernet port during a measurement period. If an FE/GE
Ethernet port is congested for a long time, service access may be affected. The
values of these counters and the number of times the FE/GE Ethernet port was
congested jointly reflect the overall congestion situation of an FE/GE Ethernet
port.

Impact of Counter Changes on Services

When the values of the above counters increase, congestion at a physical port
becomes severe, and packets will be discarded during transmission, reducing the
service access success rate.

Recommended Measures for Abnormal Counters

On the alarm console, check whether ALM-21583 Port Congestion has been
generated. If this alarm is generated, relieve physical port congestion following
instructions provided in the alarm help.

1.4.3 Control-Plane Congestion Monitoring

Data packets transmitted on a signaling link are cached in the link buffer. If no
confirmation message is received from the peer end, packets accumulate in the
buffer, causing control-plane congestion. Control-plane congestion occurs in either
of the following scenarios:
● Delays or packet loss occurs on the transport network.
● Service data has a peak value. When burst services mushroom, the local send
buffer is temporarily used up.

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1.4.3.1 Congestion Caused by Packet Loss or Delay During Data Transmission

Counters
VS.SCTP.REQ.RETX.NUM

This counter tracks the number of retransmission requests on an SCTP link during
a measurement period. The measurements indicate whether there is packet loss or
a delay in the receive direction.

VS.SCTP.RETX.PKGNUM

This counter tracks the number of retransmitted packets on an SCTP link during a
measurement period. The measurements indicate whether there is packet loss or a
delay in the transmit direction.

Impact of Counter Changes on Services

If the values of the above counters increase, transmission quality on an SCTP link
deteriorates. If the number of retransmission requests on an SCTP link is greater
than the maximum number of retransmission requests, a fault occurs on the SCTP
link, and services are released, causing the call drop rate to increase and reducing
the service access success rate.

Recommended Measures for Abnormal Counters

On the alarm console, check whether ALM-21541 SCTP Link Fault has been
generated. If this alarm is generated, rectify the fault in data transmission
following instructions provided in the alarm help.

1.4.3.2 Congestion Caused by Peak Value of Service Data

Counters
VS.SCTP.CONGESTION.INTERVAL

This counter tracks how long there is SCTP link congestion during a measurement
period. The system periodically checks the SCTP link status. If the SCTP link is
congested, the system measures the duration of SCTP link congestion within a
measurement period. At the end of the measurement period, the system sums all
measured durations to obtain the value of the T6012: Congestion Duration of the
SCTP Link counter.

VS.SCTP.SERVICE.INTERVAL

This counter tracks how much time services are available on an SCTP link during a
measurement period. The system periodically checks the SCTP link status. If the
SCTP link is normal, the system measures the amount of time services are
available on an SCTP link within a measurement period. At the end of the
measurement period, the system adds the time together to calculate the value of
the T6011: Service Duration of the SCTP Link counter.

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Impact of Counter Changes on Services

If the duration of SCTP link congestion increases or the duration when services are
available on an SCTP link decreases, SCTP link congestion becomes severe, causing
KPIs to deteriorate and the access success rate to decrease.

Recommended Measures for Abnormal Counters

On the alarm console, check whether ALM-21542 SCTP Link Congestion has been
generated. If this alarm is generated, relieve SCTP link congestion following
instructions provided in the alarm help.

1.5 Transmission QoS Monitoring

1.5.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to monitor the QoS of a transport network based on
counters provided by the BSC, and details technologies used by the BSC to
measure the QoS of the transport network. The BSC measures the QoS of the
transport network either using IP performance monitoring (IPPM) or Two-Way
Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) technology.

● IPPM
Monitors the user-plane service transmission QoS in online mode and
provides end to end (E2E) measurement from a BTS to a BSC.
● TWAMP
Checks the QoS of a transport network link between NEs or switches, such as
between a BTS and a BSC and between a BTS/BSC and the equipment on a
bearer network.

The transport network QoS is a key counter for evaluating network quality. It
involves packet loss, delay, and jitter. Long-term monitoring of these counters
helps users track the network quality in real time. If the network quality is poorer
than the specified standard, expand the network capacity.

The transport network QoS also provides a basis for the BSC flow control
algorithm to detect congestion. QoS changes reflect network congestion, based on
which targeted flow control can be performed to relieve network congestion.

QoS-related counters are used in maintenance and capacity expansion scenarios.

● Maintenance
QoS-related counters of a transport network are monitored to determine
whether an intermediate device becomes faulty or whether the network is
affected by an abnormal process.
● Network capacity
The transport network QoS is monitored for a long period. If the QoS is poor
within a long time, network capacity needs to be expanded.
This chapter describes how to observe the transport network QoS using
available performance counters related to delay, packet loss, and jitter.

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1.5.2 IPPM QoS Monitoring

Counters
VS.IPPOOL.IPPM.Rtt.Means

VS.IPPOOL.IPPM.MaxRttDelay

These counters track the IPPM RTT delay during a measurement period and reflect
the transmission quality between the local and peer IP addresses to be checked.
The measurements reflect the overall situation of the bi-directional transport
network RTT delay and help evaluate transport network quality.

VS.IPPOOL.IPPM.Forward.JitterStandardDeviation

This counter tracks the standard deviation for delay jitter of forward IPPM data
packets during a measurement period and reflects transmission delay stabilization
of the local and peer IP addresses to be checked. The measurements reflect
changes in the transport network delay and help evaluate transport network
stability.

VS.IPPOOL.IPPM.Forward.DropMeans

VS.IPPOOL.IPPM.Forward.Peak.DropRates

These counters track the average and maximum numbers of IPPM packets lost on
the forward link during a measurement period. The measurements reflect the
overall packet loss situation of the transport network and help evaluate transport
network quality.

Impact of Counter Changes on Services

If the delay increases suddenly, the transport network delay increases, affecting
user experience. For example, the call setup time increases. If the delay decreases,
the transport network delay decreases, improving user experience.

If the standard deviation of jitter increases suddenly, the transport network delay
frequently changes, indicating unstable network quality. If the standard deviation
of jitter decreases, the transport network delay slightly changes, indicating stable
network quality.

If packet loss increases suddenly, the transport network quality is poor. In this
case, a call may have unclear voice or a video may stall. If packet loss is small, the
transport network quality is good.

Recommended Measures for Abnormal Counters

If the value of one or more of the above counters increases suddenly within a
given period, check whether the transport network is congested and whether the
bandwidth used by the Ethernet port or LAG port on the BSC is greater than the
available bandwidth. In addition, check whether a fault occurs on the transport
network or on the transmission equipment and causes transmission quality
deterioration.

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1.5.3 TWAMP QoS Monitoring

Counters
VS.TWAMP.RttDelay.Mean
VS.TWAMP.RttDelay.Max
VS.TWAMP.RttDelay.Min
These counters track the average, maximum, and minimum values of forward and
backward delay for a single TWAMP session during a measurement period. The
measurements reflect the overall situation of the bi-directional transport network
RTT delay and help evaluate transport network quality.
VS.TWAMP.Forward.Jitter.Mean
VS.TWAMP.Forward.Jitter.Max
VS.TWAMP.Forward.Jitter.Min
VS.TWAMP.Backward.Jitter.Mean
VS.TWAMP.Backward.Jitter.Max
VS.TWAMP.Backward.Jitter.Min
These counters track the average, maximum, and minimum values of forward and
backward jitter for a single TWAMP session during a measurement period. The
measurements reflect changes in the transport network delay and help evaluate
transport network stability.
VS.TWAMP.Forward.DropRates.Mean
VS.TWAMP.Forward.DropRates.Max
VS.TWAMP.Backward.DropRates.Mean
VS.TWAMP.Backward.DropRates.Max
These counters track the average and maximum values for forward and backward
packet loss for a single TWAMP session during a measurement period. The
measurements reflect the overall packet loss situation of the transport network
and help evaluate transport network quality.

Impact of Counter Changes on Services

If the delay increases suddenly, the transport network delay increases, affecting
user experience. For example, the call setup time increases. If the delay decreases,
the transport network delay decreases, improving user experience.
If the standard deviation of jitter increases suddenly, the transport network delay
frequently changes, indicating unstable network quality. If the standard deviation
of jitter decreases, the transport network delay slightly changes, indicating stable
network quality.
If packet loss increases suddenly, the transport network quality is poor. In this
case, a call may have unclear voice or a video may stall. If packet loss is small, the
transport network quality is good.

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Recommended Measures for Abnormal Counters

If the value of one or more of the above counters increases suddenly within a
given period, check whether the transport network or the BSC is congested and
whether the bandwidth used by the Ethernet port or LAG port on the BSC is
greater than the available bandwidth. In addition, check whether a fault occurs on
the transport network or on the transmission equipment and causes transmission
quality deterioration.

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