Italian 2 1 Audiobook

LESSON NOTES
Absolute Beginner S1 #1
Greeting Your New Friends with
Perfect Italian
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
3 Grammar
# 1
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ITALIAN
1. Melissa: Ciao, mi chiamo Melissa e tu?
2. Alessio: Ciao, piacere. Io mi chiamo Alessio.
3. Melissa: Piacere Alessio.
4. Melissa: Buon giorno, mi chiamo Melissa Cox. E lei? Come si chiama?
5. Alessio: Buon giorno. Alessio, Alessio Martini. Piacere di conoscerla.
6. Melissa: Molto lieta.
ENGLISH
1. Melissa: Hi, my name is Melissa, and you?
2. Alessio: Hi, nice to meet you. My name is Alessio.
3. Melissa: Nice to meet you, Alessio.
4. Melissa: Good morning, my name is Melissa Cox. And you, sir? What is your
name?
5. Alessio: Good morning. Alessio, Alessio Martini. Nice to meet you.
6. Melissa: Very pleased to meet you.
VOCABULARY
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #1 - GREET I NG YOUR NEW FRI ENDS WI T H PERFECT I T ALI AN 2
Italian English C lass
ciao hello, hi, bye greeting expression
e and conjunction
good morning, good day,

buon giorno good afternoon greeting expression
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Ciao mamma! Ciao, Laura.
"Hi, mom!" "Hello, Laura."
Io e Anna andiamo a casa. E tu?
"Anna and I are going home." "And you?"
Buon giorno signore. Buon giorno Signor Martini.
"Hello, sir." "Good morning, Mr. Martini."
Buon giorno, Luca.
"Good day, Luca."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on Italian Greetings.

Buon giorno. Ciao.
"Good morning. Hi/Hello."
Ciao is the easiest and most common Italian form of greeting: people use it to say "hi," "hello,"
or "goodbye." We should only use this greeting with people whom we are well acquainted
with, such as friends or relatives.
On the other hand, we may use buon giorno with anybody, even people we meet for the first
time. Literally, buon giorno means "good day"; however, we may also interpret it as "good
morning" or "good afternoon." As a rule of thumb, we can use buon giorno only during
daytime-from morning until evening-or from before daybreak to before dusk. If we want to say
"good afternoon," we sometimes use buon pomeriggio.
LESSON NOTES
You're Not from Italy, Are You?
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
3 Grammar
# 2
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Sono di Milano, e tu? Di dove sei?
2. Melissa: Io sono di Miami.
3. Alessio: Ah, non sei di Milano...
4. Alessio: Sono di Milano. Di dove è Lei?
5. Melissa: Io sono di Miami.
6. Alessio: Ah, Lei non è di Milano...
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: I am from Milan, and you? Where are you from?
2. Melissa: I'm from Miami.
3. Alessio: Ah, you're not from Milan.
4. Alessio: I am from Milan. Madame, where are you from?
5. Melissa: I'm from Miami.
6. Alessio: Ah, you're not from Milan.
VOCABULARY
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #2 - YOU'RE NOT FROM I T ALY, ARE YOU? 2
Milano Milan noun
tu you adverb
io I personal pronoun
dove where interrogative word
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Il Duomo di Milano è l'opera più Non sono di Milano.

importante di architettura gotica in Italia.
"I'm not from Milan."
"Milan's Cathedral is the most important
work of Gothic architecture in Italy."
Tu sei uno studente? Anche tu?
"Are you a student?" "Even you?"
Io sono di Firenze. Dove andiamo?
"I am from Florence." Where are we going?
Dove sei stato? Dove sei?
Where have you been? Where are you?
Dove abiti?
Where do you live?
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is Talking about Origins in Italian and the Verb Essere ("to be").
Di dove sei?
"Where are you from?"
As we have seen, di dove sei is the exact equivalent of "where are you from." It indicates the
precise place where one comes from. You should answer either by mentioning your home
city or the nearest important city in order to let the listener easily understand.
Di is a stationary preposition that we use with essere when talking about a person's
birthplace.
Let us now look at the conjugation of the irregular verb essere ("to be").
Italian "English"
Io sono "I am."
Tu sei "you are."
Lui/lei è "he/she/it is."
Noi siamo "we are."
Voi siete "you are."
Loro sono "they are."
Since it is irregular, there are no learning tips to make the drilling of this verb easier. The
easiest method to memorize it is to do some written verb drills.
Notice that in the dialogue, we translate the expression di dove sei as "Where are you from?"
but there is no tu (Italian for "you"). This is because there is no need to state the subject, as
the form sei implies "you" in the second singular person pronoun. This is always the way it is
in Italian unless we want to stress the person we are referring to.
Let us look again at a very important aspect of the Italian language regarding formal speech.
The informal way to ask "Where are you from?" uses the second person singular, tu.
However, when we wish to use formal speech, we just have to switch to the next person, the
third person singular, lui/lei, thus creating a distance between the speakers. So di dove è
actually means "Where are you from?" in formal speech and "Where is he/she from?" in
informal speech.
When negating a statement, we should use the negative particle, "no," and non + verb. You
can also skip the initial "no" and just answer with non + verb. For example, non sono di
Milano.
LESSON NOTES
Of Course You're Doing Well If
You're in Italy!
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
3 Grammar
# 3
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Ciao Ilaria, come stai?
2. Ilaria: Benone, e tu?
3. Alessio: Non c'è male, grazie.
4. Alessio: Buona sera, signora Ravazzi. Come sta?
5. Ilaria: Molto bene, grazie. E lei?
6. Alessio: Mmm. Io sto così così.
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: Hi, Ilaria, how are you?
2. Ilaria: Terrific, and you?
3. Alessio: Not too bad, thank you.
4. Alessio: Good evening, Mrs. Ravazzi. How do you do?
5. Ilaria: Very well, thank you. And you?
6. Alessio: Mmm. I'm not so well.
VOCABULARY
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #3 - OF COURS E YOU'RE DOI NG WELL I F YOU'RE I N I T ALY! 2
buona sera good evening greeting expression
come how interrogative word
benone very well, terrific adverb
grazie thank you, thanks exclamation
signora madam, lady, misses noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Buona sera Signor Martini. Buona sera, Giovanni.
"Good evening, Mr. Martini." "Good evening, Giovanni."
Come è il tempo a Roma? Come ti chiami?
"How's the weather like in Rome?" What is your name?
Come stai? Come stanno?
How are you? How are they?
Come state? Sto benone.
How are you? (second person plural) "I'm very well."
Grazie mille. Buon giorno signora.
"Thank you very much." "Hello, madam."
Come si chiama signora? Quella signora è francese.
"What's your name, madam?" "That lady is French."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is Asking How Someone Is in Italian!
Come stai? Come sta?
"How are you?"
Come stai? means "How are you?" referring to the second person singular "you," (tu). We use
come sta? in formal speech, such as "How are you, sir?" This term actually has two meanings.
In order to explain it better, let us look at the present indicative tense of first conjugation Italian
verbs.
The meaning of the verb stare depends on the context we use it in. Here are a few of the most
common: "to be," "to stand," "to stay," "to lie," "to be located," and "to be situated." Note: the
direct equivalent of "to be" is essere.
Here is the present indicative tense conjugation of stare.
Italian "English"
Io sto. "I am"
Tu stai. "you are"
Lui/lei sta. "he/she/it is"
Noi stiamo. "we are"
Voi state. "you are"
Loro stanno. "they are"
As you can clearly see, the informal way to ask "How are you?" uses the second singular
person pronoun, tu. When we want to use formal speech, we just have to switch to the third
singular person, lui/lei, thus creating a distance between the speakers. So come sta means
"How are you?" in formal speech, and "How is he/she?" in informal speech. The same
happens for tu and lei (also written Lei).
Lei means either "her" in informal speech or "you" (either masculine and feminine) in formal
speech. The context in which we use the word determines its meaning. Lui can only mean
"him."
LESSON NOTES
By Chance, You Aren't Italian, Are
You?
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 4
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Io sono italiano e tu?
2. Melissa: Io non sono italiana, sono americana.
3. Alessio: (rivolto all'amica di Melissa) E tu? Anche tu sei americana?
4. Amica: No, io sono spagnola.
5. Alessio: Io sono italiano, e Lei? Di che nazionalità è?
6. Melissa: Sono americana.
7. Alessio: (rivolto al signore accanto a Melissa) E Lei? E' americano?
8. Amico: No, non sono americano. Sono francese.
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: I am Italian, and you?
2. Melissa: I'm not Italian, I'm American.
3. Alessio: (talking to Melissa's friend) And you? Are you also American?
4. Friend: No, I'm Spanish.
5. Alessio: I am Italian, and you? What nationality are you, madame?
6. Melissa: I'm American.
CONT'D OVER
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #4 - BY CHANCE, YOU AREN'T I T ALI AN, ARE YOU? 2
7. Alessio: (talking to the man next to Melissa) And you? Are you American, sir?
8. Friend: No, I'm not American. I am French.
VOCABULARY
Italian English C lass Ge nde r
francese French adjective
nazionalità nationality noun feminine
italiano Italian adjective
americano American adjective
spagnolo Spanish adjective
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Mi piace il pane francese. Sono francese.
"I like French bread." "I am French."
Di che nazionalità è Alessio? Di che nazionalità sei, Marco?
"What nationality is Alessio?" "What nationality are you, Marco?"
Io sono italiano. La mia amica è Americana.
"I am Italian." "My friend is American."
Mike è americano. Mia madre è spagnola.
"Mike is American." "My mother is Spanish."
Sono spagnolo. Lara è spagnola.
"I am Spanish." "Lara is Spanish."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is Asking about Nationality in Italian.

Ciao, sei francese?
"Hello, are you French?"
In the dialogue, we see how to ask about someone's nationality. The construction of è
americano? is the same as "are you American?" with two exceptions. First, as we saw in the
previous lesson, there is no lei (Italian for "you" in formal situations), because there is no need
to state the subject since è can only indicate lei (or lui, but not in this context). Second, when
expressing nationalities, Italians do not use capital letters. Therefore, we can write americano,
but not Americano, which would mean "the American (guy)," becoming an independent noun.
Italian does not use capitals as often as English does. Please remember the following rules:
1. Begin proper names (Luca, Laura), town names (Milano, Roma), countries, lakes,
rivers, and the like with a capital letter.
2. In headings or titles, only the first word has a capital letter, and the rest of the title is in
lowercase. For example, Il signore degli anelli ("The Lord of the Rings.")
3. Days of the week, seasons, and months always begin with a lowercase letter.
4. You should always begin words such as "English," "Italian," and "Japanese" (always
in uppercase in English) with a lowercase letter in Italian: inglese, italiano,
giapponese.
In future lessons, we shall see Italian adjectives in more detail. For now, please remember
two points:
1. Italian adjectives can have feminine, masculine, singular, or plural meanings. You
will realize the difference by changing the ending.
2. In the case of adjectives of nationality, there are only two types: one that follows both
gender and number, and one that only follows number.
Italian Adjectives
Gender and Number Italian French
Masculine singular italiano francese
Feminine singular italiana francese
Masculine plural italiani francesi
Feminine plural italiane francesi
LESSON NOTES
I Can't Believe You Just Asked How
Old She Is in Italian!
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
3 Grammar
# 5
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Melissa, quanti anni hai?
2. Melissa: Ho ventiquattro anni. E tu?
3. Alessio: Io ho venticinque anni.
4. Alessio: Quanti anni ha?
5. Melissa: Ho ventiquattro anni e Lei?
6. Alessio: Ho venticinque anni.
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: Melissa, how old are you?
2. Melissa: I'm twenty-four; and you?
3. Alessio: I'm twenty-five.
4. Alessio: How old are you, Madame?
5. Melissa: I am twenty-four years old, and you, sir?
6. Alessio: I am twenty-five years old.
VOCABULARY
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #5 - I CAN'T BELI EVE YOU JUS T AS KED HOW OLD S HE I S I N I T ALI AN! 2
venticinque twenty-five cardinal number
ventiquattro twenty-four cardinal number
quanti how many adjective
avere to have verb
anno year noun masculine
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Tu hai venticinque anni. Lei ha ventiquattro anni.
"You are twenty-five years old." "She is twenty-four years old."
Quanti anni hanno? Quanti pantaloni hai?
"How old are they?" "How many trousers do you have?"
Quanti anni avete? Ho un gatto nero.
"How old are you?" "I have a black cat."
Hai venti anni? Loro hanno trentadue anni.
"Are you twenty years old?" "They are thirty-two years old."
Fra un anno sarò sicuramente sposato. L'anno prossimo.
"In one year's time, I'll definitely be "Next year."

married."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson is Using the Verb Avere to Discuss Age in Italian
Quanti anni hai?
"How old are you?"
If we break down the phrase quanti anni hai, we can read it in English as "how many years do
you have?" In English, we use the verb "to be" when indicating age, while in Italian we use
avere ("to have").
Let's look at avere's conjugation:
Italian "English"
io ho "I have"
tu hai "you have"
lui/lei ha "he/she/it has"
noi abbiamo "we have"
voi avete "you have"
loro hanno "they have"
So you could literally translate the first dialogue as:
Italian "English"
Quanti anni hai? "How many years do you have?"
Ho ventiquattro anni. E tu? "I have twenty-four years; and you?"
Ho venticinque anni. "I have twenty-five years."
Please remember this difference between Italian and English when referring to someone's
age.
LESSON NOTES
Would You Describe Me As Clumsy in
Italian?
CONTENTS
Dialogue - Italian
Main
English
Vocabulary
Sample sentences
Grammar
# 6
ITALIANPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #6 1
DIALOGUE - ITALIAN
MAIN
1. Alessio : Ciao Melissa. Hai una bicicletta nuova?
2. Melissa : Sì, è nuova.
3. Alessio : E' comoda?
4. Melissa : Sì, sì, grazie. Oggi ho anche le scarpe nuove!
5. Alessio : Le scarpe sono molto carine.
6. Melissa : Sì ma, non sono comode!
ENGLISH
1. Alessio : Hi Melissa. Have you got a new bicycle?
2. Melissa : Yes, it's new.
3. Alessio : Is it comfortable?
4. Melissa : Yes, yes, thank you. Today I also have new shoes!
5. Alessio : Those shoes are very cute.
6. Melissa : Yes, but they're not comfortable!
VOCABULARY
Italian English Class Gender
bicicletta bicycle noun feminine
nuovo new adjective
oggi today adverb
anche too, also, as well conjunction
carino cute, pretty adjective
comodo comfortable, convenient, easy, useful adjective
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Questa bicicletta è molto scomoda. I ladri hanno rubato una bicicletta.
"This bicycle is very uncomfortable." "Thieves have stolen a bicycle."

Oh, hai una macchina nuova! Non è facile continuare a creare nuove idee.
"Oh, you got a new car!" "It's not so easy to keep creating new ideas."
Ho perso il mio nuovo cellulare. Ho un appartamento nuovo al quinto piano.
"I lost my new mobile." "I have a new apartment on the fifth floor."
Hai visto la nuova puntata di "Friends"? Oggi è stata una giornata d'estate
straordinariamente calda.
"Have you watched the new episode of 'Friends?'"
"Today was an extraordinarily hot summer day."
La sfilata è oggi. Oggi mi sento bene.
"The parade is today." "Today I feel good."
Oggi non vado a scuola. Oggi devo andare dal dentista.
"Today, I'm not going to school." "Today, I have to go to the dentist."
Anche tu vieni al concerto? Anche a te piace la pasta?
"Are you also coming to the concert?" "Do you also like pasta?"
Viene anche Luigi. Ooh, quel bambino è così carino.
"Luigi comes too." "Aww, that child is so pretty."
E' una ragazza molto carina. Ho visto un vestito molto carino, voglio
comprarlo!
"She's a very cute girl."
"I saw a very cute dress. I want to buy it."
Il mio letto nuovo è molto comodo. Questo divano è molto comodo.
"My new bed is very comfortable." "This sofa is very comfortable."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is the Gender and Number of Italian Nouns and Adjectives.
Hai una bicicletta nuova?
"Have you got a new bicycle?"
Italian nouns have both gender (feminine and masculine) and number (singular and plural).
In the dialogue, we see scarpe ("shoes"); its singular form is scarpa ("shoe"). Because it ends in -a, it is a
feminine noun.
Please take a look at the following table, which shows how to classify Italian nouns by gender according
to the ending vowel of their singular form.

Ending Gender Examples Notes
-o The majority of the anno - "year," tavolo - "table," Some nouns are
nouns are masculine. libro - "book" feminine, such as mano
- "hand"
-a The majority of the bicicletta - "bicycle," giacca - Some nouns are

nouns are feminine. "jacket," tazza - "cup" masculine, such as
tema - "theme"
-e About half of these Masculine examples: pallone

nouns are masculine - "soccer ball," dente -
and half are feminine. "tooth," bicchiere - "glass"
Feminine examples:
televisione - "television," voce
- "voice," patente - "license"
In their plural form, Italian nouns change their ending following the rules below:
Rule 1: Singular -o changes to plural -i for both genders.
For Example:
Gender Italian "English"
Masculine anni "years"
Masculine tavoli "tables"
Masculine libri "books"
Feminine mani "hands"
Rule 2: Singular -a changes to plural -i for masculine nouns and -e for feminine nouns.
For Example:
Masculine plural: temi "themes"

-i
Feminine plural: biciclette "bicycles"

-e
Feminine plural: giacche "jackets"

-e
Feminine plural: tazze "cups"

-e
Rule 3: Singular -e becomes plural -i for both genders.

Masculine palloni "soccer balls"
Masculine denti "teeth"
Masculine bicchieri "glasses"
Feminine televisioni "televisions"
Feminine voci "voices"
Feminine patenti "licenses"
So how do Italians know the difference between masculine and feminine nouns? Well, certainly by using
them every day they know them by heart, but also because the Italian articles help them. We shall see
the articles in our next lessons.
Notes
Because Italian nouns have gender and number, adjectives must also have these attributes. This is
because they follow nouns. In the dialogue, we see scarpe nuove, where the adjective nuovo changes to
its feminine plural form to match scarpa in its plural form, scarpe.

LESSON NOTES
Italian Sandwiches Free to a Good
Home
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
3 Grammar
# 7
ITALIAN
1. Melissa: Mmmm, buono!
2. Alessio: Sì, i panini del bar di fronte sono molto buoni.
3. Melissa: Eh sì. Il mio ha le olive, il tonno e i pomodori. E tu che panino hai?
4. Alessio: Il mio panino invece ha il prosciutto, la mozzarella e le melanzane.
ENGLISH
1. Melissa: Mmmm, good!
2. Alessio: Yes, the sandwiches of the bar in front of here are very good.
3. Melissa: Oh yes. Mine has olives, tuna, and tomatoes. And you, which
sandwich do you have?
4. Alessio: My sandwich has ham, mozzarella cheese, and eggplant instead.
VOCABULARY
molto very, really adjective
panino sandwich, panino noun
melanzana eggplant noun feminine
invece instead adverb
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #7 - I T ALI AN S ANDWI CHES FREE T O A GOOD HOME 2
oliva olive noun
pomodoro tomato noun masculine
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Il tuo vestito è molto chic. È molto caro.
"Your dress is very chic." "It's very expensive."
Mi piacciono molto i panini italiani. Mangio un panino.
"I like Italian sandwiches very much." "I eat a sandwich."
Il panino al prosciutto crudo. Le melanzane italiane sono rotonde e

grosse.
"The sandwich with Parma Ham."
"Italian eggplants are round and big."
Le melazane sulla pizza sono molto Vorrei fare una passeggiata invece devo
buone. lavorare.
"Eggplants on a pizza are very good." "I'd like to take a walk, but I have to work
instead."
Ho fame. Io invece ho sete. Invece di perdere tempo, lavora!
"I'm hungry. Instead, I'm thirsty." "Work instead of wasting time!"
In Toscana l'olio d'oliva è molto buono. Il pomodoro è un simbolo della cucina

Italiana.
"In Tuscany, olive oil is very good."
"Tomato is a symbol of Italian cuisine."
Questo pomodoro è molto saporito.
"This tomato is very tasty."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is Plural Definite Articles.
I panini del bar di fronte sono molto buoni!
"The sandwiches of the bar in front of here are very good."
Definite articles correspond to the English counterpart "the." Today we shall see the plural
form of these articles.
Plural Definite Articles (see rules below):
Construction (Before
Nouns Starting with...) Masculine Feminine
Before consonant i ragazzi le camicie
Before vowel gli unicorni le unghie
Before -z, -y, or -s +

consonant gli zerbini, gli scoiattoli le zanzare, le scale
Rule 1: Use i before masculine nouns starting with a consonant.
For Example:
1. i ragazzi
"the boys"
Rule 2: Use gli before masculine nouns starting with...
Construction (Before
nouns starting with...) Italian "English"
a vowel gli unicorni "the unicorns"
-z gli zerbini "the doormats"
-s + consonant gli scoiattoli "the squirrels"
Rule 3: Use le for every feminine noun, regardless of the starting letter.
For Example:
Italian "English"
le camicie "the shirts"
le unghie "the fingernails"
le zanzare "the mosquitoes"
le scale "the stairs"
One difference between the Italian and English languages is that in Italian, we often employ
"substantive adjectives," which are adjectives we use as stand-alone nouns. We normally use
substantive adjectives when we take one quality of the subject and elect it to be a temporary
or permanent synonym of the subject (which can be both an animate or inanimate object) we
refer to. For example, assume we have a group of five people and only one of them has blond
hair. We could say il biondo ("the blond one") since the context clarifies we can identify just
one person.
As we explained in the previous lesson, these adjectives follow all the grammatical rules
concerning nouns, thus they can be masculine or feminine, singular or plural; articles can
precede them; and so on.
LESSON NOTES
How Much Does That Italian
Accessory Cost?
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 8
ITALIAN
1. Melissa: Mi scusi, quanto costa questa cintura?
2. Commesso: Costa venticinque euro.
3. Melissa: E quanto costano questi occhiali da sole? Sono così carini!
4. Commesso: Gli occhiali costano centoventi euro.
5. Melissa: Ah, la ringrazio. Compro solo la cintura.
ENGLISH
1. Melissa: Excuse me, how much does this belt cost?
2. Clerk: It costs twenty-five euros.
3. Melissa: And how much do these sunglasses cost? They're so cute!
4. Clerk: The sunglasses cost one hundred and twenty euros.
5. Melissa: Ah, thank you. I'll buy only the belt.
VOCABULARY
cintura belt noun feminine
solo only adverb
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #8 - HOW MUCH DOES T HAT I T ALI AN ACCES S ORY COS T ? 2
comprare to buy, to purchase verb
costare to cost verb
occhiali da sole sunglasses phrase masculine
this (feminine demonstrative

questa singular) adjective
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Si prega di allacciare le cinture di A Firenze puoi trovare delle belle cinture

sicurezza. di pelle.
"Please fasten your seat belts." "In Florence, you can find some good
leather belts."
Non trovo la mia cintura preferita. Questa maglia costa solo cinque euro.
"I can't find my favorite belt." "This shirt costs only five euros."
Solo tre euro. Vorrei comprare questo anello per la

mia ragazza.
"Only three euros."
"I’d like to buy this ring for my girlfriend."
Ho comprato della verdura e della carne Tu compri il pane.

per la cena di stasera.
"You buy the bread."
"I bought some vegetables and some meat
for tonight's dinner."
Questo libro costa dodici euro. Questi stivali costano duecento euro.
"This book costs twelve euros." "These boots cost two hundred euros."
La giacca costa cento euro. Quanto costa quello?
"The jacket costs one hundred euros." "How much is that?"
Questi occhiali da sole sono nuovi. Questa è la mia borsa.
"These sunglasses are new." "This is my bag."
Questa casa è grande. Questa sera.
"This house is big." "This evening."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is Asking the Price of Goods and the Conjugation at the
Present Indicative of Verbs Ending in -are.
Quanto costa questa cintura?/Compro solo la cintura.
"How much does this belt cost?"/"I'll buy only the belt."
The verb costare ("to cost") works in Italian exactly like its English equivalent. We conjugate it
according to the gender and number of the noun it refers to.
To conjugate the verb at the presente indicativo tense, first take the infinitive (for example,
comprare), then drop the ending -are, leaving you with compr-, and finally add the
appropriate endings. The endings are different for each person.
The following scheme is the conjugation of the verb comprare, "to buy," at the presente
indicativo tense. We underlined the endings for each person, which we use with all verbs,
both regular and irregular.
Italian "English"
io còmpr-o "I buy"
tu còmpr-i "you buy"
lui/lei còmpr-a "he/she buys"
noi compr-iàmo* "we buy""
voi compr-àte* "you buy"
loro còmpr-ano "they buy"
Here is a short list of some additional first conjugation verbs.
For Example:
Italian "English"
abitare "to live"
amare "to love"
arrivare "to arrive"
ascoltare "to listen to"
ballare "to dance"
cantare "to sing"
*An important element of verbs is stress. The stress in both singular forms and the third
person plural is on the vowel of the verb's stem, while the stress of the first and second plural
person is on the theme vowel (in this case, -a-), just as it is in the infinitive.
Please note that in Italian, only vowels at the end of a word can have a written accent mark:
this indicates that the stress is on the word-ending vowel. We use it in the scheme above just
to clarify the stress of the word.
LESSON NOTES
If It's Made in Italy, It's Gotta Be
Good!
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
3 Grammar
# 9
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Cosa leggi?
2. Melissa: Leggo l'etichetta di questa maglia.
3. Alessio: Perché?
4. Melissa: Perché per me è importante sapere se è fatta in Italia.
5. Alessio: Ah, è vero. Hai ragione!
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: What are you reading?
2. Melissa: I'm reading the label of this shirt.
3. Alessio: Why?
4. Melissa: Because for me it's important to know whether it is made in Italy.
5. Alessio: Ah, that's true. You're right!
VOCABULARY
perché why interrogative word
maglia shirt noun
leggere to read verb
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #9 - I F I T 'S MADE I N I T ALY, I T 'S GOT T A BE GOOD! 2
etichetta label noun
importante important adjective
sapere to know verb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Perché ridi? Perché sei divertente. Perché sei felice?
"Why are you laughing? Because you're "Why are you happy?"
funny."
Questa maglia è vecchia e sporca. Leggo il giornale in biblioteca.
"This shirt is old and dirty." "I read the newspaper in the library."
Leggo la sera prima di dormire. Leggo il giornale.
"I read in the evening before going to "I'm reading the newspaper."
sleep."
L'etichetta è bianca o nera. Per me tu sei importante.
"The label is either white or black." "You're important to me."
Sai che ore sono? Sai come prenotare un biglietto per il

treno?
"Do you know what time it is?"
"Do you know how to book a train ticket?"
Sai dove andare? Non so niente.
"Do you know where to go?" "I don't know anything."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson is on the Present Indicative Tense of Verbs Ending in -ere.
Cosa leggi?
"What are you reading?"
To conjugate -ere verbs at the presente indicativo tense, we have to follow the same process
as with -are verbs. That is, you take the infinitive form of the verb (for example, leggere), then
drop the ending -ere, leaving you with legg-, and finally add the appropriate endings. The
endings differ according to the person they refer to.
For Example:
Italian "English"
Io lègg-o. "I read."
Tu lègg-i. "you read."
Lui/lei lègg-e. "he/she reads."
Noi legg-iàmo!* "we read."
Voi legg-éte.* "you read."
Loro lègg-ono. "they read."
In the conjugation of the verb leggere, please note the alternation between the soft and hard
g. This happens because g before the vowels a, o, and u has a sound like the g in "good";
when g appears before e and i, it sounds like the g in "general."
Some other -ere verbs conjugated like leggere include the following:
Italian "English"
chiudere "to close"
spendere "to spend"
scrivere "to write"
ricevere "to receive"
It is important to notice that a considerable number of verbs belonging to the second

conjugation (-ere verbs) are irregular. This means that they do not follow the standard rules.
They can either change the stem or the ending, but rarely both.
*Some -ere verbs, like lèggere, have the stress on the first "e" of the infinitive but some others
have the stress on the second syllable.
For instance, take the verb vedére. For this verb, the stress changes. When in doubt, check a
dictionary to see where the stress is.
LESSON NOTES

How to Pass the Time in Italy
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 10
ITALIAN
1. Melissa: Che bella gioielleria! A che ora apre?
2. Alessio: Mmm. Alle undici, sono le dieci e trenta. Perché non beviamo un
caffè mentre aspettiamo?
3. Melissa: D'accordo! Buona idea, comunque io oggi preferisco un tè.
4. Alessio: Come preferisci, andiamo al bar!
ENGLISH
1. Melissa: What a beautiful jewelry store! At what time does it open?
2. Alessio: Mmm. At eleven; it's ten-thirty. Why don't we drink a cup of coffee
while we're waiting?
3. Melissa: Okay! Good idea; however, today I prefer a cup of tea.
4. Alessio: As you prefer, let's go to the bar!
VOCABULARY
mentre while, whilst conjunction
preferire to prefer verb
gioielleria jewelry store (jewellery store) noun
aprire to open noun
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #10 - HOW T O PAS S T HE T I ME I N I T ALY 2
aspettare to wait noun
idea idea, thought noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Guarda avanti mentre cammini. Ascolto musica mentre viaggio in treno.
"Look in front of you while you're walking." "I listen to music while I travel by train."
Mentre tornavo ho incontrato Matteo. Io preferisco il verde.
"I met Matteo while I was going back." "I prefer green."
Preferisco bere acqua. Preferisci il vino o la birra?
"I prefer drinking water." "Do you prefer wine or beer?"
Io preferisco viaggiare che lavorare. Questa gioielleria è molto cara.
"I prefer traveling to working." "This jewelry store is very expensive."
Oggi vado in gioielleria perché devo E' Natale, apriamo i regali!"

comprare un regalo a un'amica.
"It's Christmas: let's open the presents!"
"Today I am going to the jewelry store
because I have to buy a present for a
friend."
Fa troppo caldo, apri la finestra? Devo aprire il negozio alle otto del
mattino.
"It's too hot; can you open the window?"
"I have to open the store at 8:00 o'clock
a.m."
Aspettami! Aspetta un attimo!
"Wait for me!" "Wait a moment!"
Ho aspettato fino all'una, ma non è Sono in ritardo, mi aspetti?
venuto.
"I'm late; would you wait for me?"
"I waited until one, but he didn't show up."
Che idea brillante! Hai avuto un'ottima idea!
"What a brilliant idea!" "You had a great idea!"
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Present Indicative of Verbs Ending in -ire.
A che ora apre?
"At what time does it open?"
The presente indicativo of third conjugation verbs follows the same patterns employed for the
two conjugations we previously analyzed. That is, you take the infinitive of the verb (for
example, aprire), then drop the ending -ire, leaving you with apr-, and finally, add the
appropriate endings. The endings differ according to the person they refer to.
Let's take the regular verb aprire, meaning "to open."

Presente Indicativo
Italian "English"
io àpr-o "I open"
tu àpr-i "you open"
lui/lei àpr-e "he/she/it opens"
noi apr-iàmo* "we open"
voi apr-ìte* "you open"
loro àpr-ono "they open"
*The considerations regarding the pronunciation of the first and the second plural persons
fully apply to the third one.
Additional Italian verbs that follow the conjugation above include the following:
Italian "English"
partire "to leave"
offrire "to offer"
sentire "to hear"/"to listen to"
dormire "to sleep"
Moreover, a significant number of the third conjugation's regular verbs add the interfix (which
is a group of letters inserted between the stem and the ending) -isc in all the six persons,
except the first and second plural persons. In all the remaining cases, they follow the standard
conjugation.
Let's look at the conjugation of the verb preferire, meaning "to prefer."
Presente Indicativo
Italian "English"
io prefer-ìsc-o* "I prefer"
tu prefer-ìsc-i "you prefer"
lui/lei prefer-ìsc-e "he/she prefers"
noi prefer-iàmo "we prefer"
voi prefer-ìte "you prefer"
loro prefer-ìsc-ono "they prefer"
Please note that this form applies exclusively to the present indicative, present subjunctive,
and imperative.
As far as grammar is concerned, there is no general rule to distinguish the verbs that need the
interfix -isc- from those that follow the standard conjugation. The most efficient method to
figure it out is to consult a good dictionary and use them right away!
Finally, the following table shows some of the most widely used third conjugation irregular
verbs:
For Example:
Italian "English"
uscire "to go out," "to exit"
venire "to come"
morire "to die," "to pass away"
udire "to hear"
divenire "to become"
mentire "to lie"
salire "to go upward," "to climb"
* Please note that the considerations regarding the pronunciation of the first and the second
plural persons fully apply to the third one, except with verbs requiring the -isc- interfix. In that
case, the stress is on the second to last syllable. For instance, preferire becomes io
preferìsco.
LESSON NOTES

Could Anything Be Better Than
THIS Italian Lesson!
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
3 Grammar
# 11
ITALIAN
1. Melissa: Alessio, questa collana luccica molto vero?
2. Alessio: Sì, forse troppo, preferisco questa collana con quest'ametista.
3. Melissa: Ma no! Troppo vistosa!
4. Alessio: Allora questo braccialetto com'è?
5. Melissa: Insomma... Alessio, hai un gusto proprio particolare.
ENGLISH
1. Melissa: Alessio, this necklace sparkles a lot, doesn't it?
2. Alessio: Yes, probably too much; I prefer this necklace with this amethyst.
3. Melissa: Oh no, it's too showy!
4. Alessio: So, what is this bracelet like?
5. Melissa: Well…Alessio, you do have a really particular taste.
VOCABULARY
particolare particular, peculiar adjective
collana necklace noun feminine
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #11 - COULD ANYT HI NG BE BET T ER T HAN T HI S I T ALI AN LES S ON! 2
to sparkle, glint,
luccicare verb
shimmer
ametista amethyst noun
vistoso showy adjective
braccialetto bracelet noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Un punto di vista particolare. È una storia molto particolare.
"A particular point of view." "It's a very peculiar story."
Ho una collana di Bulgari. I tuoi occhi luccicano.
"I've got a Bulgari necklace." "Your eyes are sparkling."
L'ametista è una pietra viola. Questo vestito è molto vistoso.
"The amethyst is a purple stone." "This dress is very showy."
Mia madre ha un braccialetto con zaffiri.
"My mother has a bracelet with sapphires."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is the Demonstrative Adjective questo ("this") and Its Singular
Forms.
Preferisco questa collana con quest'ametista.
"I prefer this necklace with this amethyst."
In today's lesson, we shall learn how to use the Italian adjective questo, meaning "this." Like
every Italian adjective, it has to agree with the noun it refers to in both gender and number,
and it cannot stand-alone (in some occurrences, we could also use questo as a pronoun, but
we will discuss this in the advanced courses). Today, we shall see the singular forms (both
masculine and feminine) of the demonstrative adjective questo, whose English equivalent is
"this."
Construction Masculine singular Feminine singular
Before consonant questo tavolo questa collana
Before vowel questo anello quest'ametista
questo zaino
Before -z, -y, or -s + questo yogurt
questa scarpa
consonant questo studente
Use questo before masculine nouns starting with a consonant; starting with a vowel; starting
with -z, -y, or -s + a consonant; and finally with rare nouns starting with gn-, like gnomo
("dwarf").
For Example:
Italian "English"
questo tavolo "this table"
questo anello "this ring"
questo zaino "this rucksack"
questo yogurt "this yogurt"
questo studente "this student"
questo gnomo "this dwarf"
Use questa before feminine nouns starting with a consonant or starting with -z, -y, or -s + a
consonant; use quest' before feminine nouns starting with a vowel.
For Example:
Italian "English"
questa collana "this necklace"
questa scarpa "this shoe"
quest' ametista "this amethyst"
Although you always need to use quest' with a feminine noun starting with a vowel, in the
case of masculine nouns starting with a vowel, we can use either quest' or questo.
For Example:
1. questo alunno
"this pupil"
We can use this category of adjectives to refer to three different dimensions of the discourse:
space, time, and ideas (the latter includes other discourses). When used in spatial and
temporal terms, it works exactly like its English equivalent ("this") and refers to something
"close" to the speaker or the writer.
For Example:
Italian "English"
questo libro "this book"
quest'estate "this summer"
quest'angoscia "this angst"
However, when we mention ideas and past discourses (both spoken and written), in Italian
we often use questo ("this") or questi ("these") rather than quello ("that") or quelli ("those").
For example, when we want to explain "the reason why" in English we often use the phrase
"that's why...", but in Italian, we should use "questo perchè...."
This is due to the different unconscious perception of reality in Italian and English. In English,
we feel ideas and past discourses as distant from the subject, while in Italian, we more often
personify them and render them close to the speaker (or writer).
LESSON NOTES

Why Don't We Do This, THAT, and
the Other in Italy!
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 12
ITALIAN
1. Melissa: Mamma mia, muoio di fame!
2. Alessio: Eh sì, è già ora di pranzo.
3. Melissa: Dove andiamo a mangiare?
4. Alessio: Perchè non andiamo in quel ristorante in Via De' Neri?
5. Melissa: Oh no, andiamo in quella pizzeria!
6. Alessio: Ma non vedi quante persone aspettano fuori?
7. Melissa: Sì, quindi la pizza là è sicuramente deliziosa. Proviamo!
8. Alessio: D'accordo.
ENGLISH
1. Melissa: My goodness, I'm starving!
2. Alessio: Oh yes, it's already lunch time.
3. Melissa: Where can we go eat?
4. Alessio: Why don't we go to that restaurant on De' Neri Street?
5. Melissa: Oh no, let's go to that pizzeria!
6. Alessio: Don't you see how many people are waiting outside?
CONT'D OVER
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #12 - WHY DON'T WE DO T HI S , T HAT , AND T HE OT HER I N I T ALY! 2
7. Melissa: Yes, so pizza is definitely delicious there. Let's try!
8. Alessio: Okay.
VOCABULARY
definitely, surely,
sicuramente certainly adverb
fuori out, outside adverb
pranzo lunch noun masculine
ora time, hour noun
delizioso delightful, delicious adjective
provare to try, try on, try out verb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Uso sicuramente quel cappotto in Sicuramente verrò alla tua festa.

inverno.
"I will definitely come to your party."
"I definitely use that coat in winter."
Francesca abita fuori città. È meglio tenere la spazzatura fuori

casa.
"Francesca lives out of the city."
"It is better to keep the garbage out of the
house."
Oggi per pranzo mangio un gelato. Ti invito a pranzo.
"Today I eat an ice cream for lunch." "I invite you for lunch."
E' ora di andare a letto. A che ora arrivi?
"It's time to go to bed." "What time will you arrive?"
I primi piatti in questo ristorante sono Questa torta è deliziosa.

deliziosi.
"This cake is delicious."
"In this restaurant, first courses are
delicious."
Ho provato a fare quello che mi hai Proviamo quel nuovo ristorante?

detto.
"Shall we try that new restaurant?"
"I tried to do what you said to me."
Posso provare questi pantaloni?
"Can I try on these pants?"
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Singular Forms of the Adjective Quello ("that").
Perché non andiamo in quel ristorante?/Andiamo in quella pizzeria.
"Why don't we go to that restaurant?"/"Let's go to that pizzeria."
In today's lesson, we shall learn how to use the singular forms of the demonstrative adjective
quel ("that"). Quel refers to things that are far from the speaker.
This adjective precedes the noun and we modify it according to the same pattern as the
definite articles. For example, la piscina ("the swimming pool") implies the usage of the
adjective quella, as in quella piscina ("that swimming pool") because we use la before a
feminine noun starting with a consonant.
The table below explains clearly how we should modify quel.
Construction Masculine singular Feminine singular
Before vowels quell'osso quell'università
Before consonants quel teatro quella casa
Before y-, z-, x-, ps-, gn-,

and s- + a consonant quello specchio quella stanza
We use the adjective quell' before a singular feminine or masculine noun starting with a
vowel.
For Example:
1. quell'osso
"that bone"
2. quell' università
"that university"
Quella precedes any singular feminine noun starting with a consonant.
For Example:
Italian "English"
quella stanza "that room"
quella biblioteca "that library"
quella forchetta "that fork"
We use quel before a masculine singular noun starting with a consonant.
For Example:
1. quel teatro
"that theater"
2. quel mestiere
"that job"
Finally, the adjective quello always precedes a masculine singular noun starting with y-, z-, x-,
ps-, gn- or s- + a consonant.
For Example:
Italian "English"
quello specchio "that mirror"
quello yogurt "that yogurt"
quello scandalo "that scandal"
quello psicopatico "that psychopath"
LESSON NOTES
How Can You Be on a Diet in
Italy?
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 13
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Finalmente un tavolo per noi!
2. Melissa: Eh sì, ordiniamo o no?
3. Alessio: Questi prezzi non sono così male.
4. Melissa: E queste pizze sembrano tutte buonissime. Tu cosa prendi?
5. Alessio: Io prendo una semplice marinara.
6. Melissa: Ah no, io prendo questa pizza con i capperi, le olive, i funghi, il

prosciutto, la rucola...
7. Alessio: Hey Melissa, tu non sei a dieta eh?
8. Melissa: Come?!
9. Alessio: Ah ah ah!
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: Finally a table for us!
2. Melissa: Oh yes, do we order or not?
3. Alessio: These prices are not so bad.
4. Melissa: And all these pizzas look very good. What do you take?
5. Alessio: I take a simple marinara.
CONT'D OVER
ITALIANPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #13 - HOW CAN YOU BE ON A DIET IN ITALY? 2

6. Melissa: Oh no, I take this pizza with capers, olives, mushrooms, ham,
rocket…..
7. Alessio: Hey Melissa, you're not on a diet, eh?
8. Melissa: What?!
9. Alessio: Ha ha ha.
VOCABULARY
Italian English Class Gender
ﬁnalmente at last, ﬁnally adverb
ordinare to order verb
to seem, look, look

sembrare like verb
cappero caper noun
prosciutto ham noun
dieta diet noun feminine
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Finalmente si mangia! Finalmente siamo arrivati a casa!
"Finally, we eat!" "We came back home at last!"
Ho ordinato un caffè anche per te. Per favore, non ordinare cose, di cui
non hai bisogno
"I ordered a coffee for you too."
"Please don't order stuff that you don't
need."

Abbiamo tutti ordinato la stessa cosa Possiamo ordinare online?
al ristorante.
"Can we order online?"
"All of us ordered the same at the
restaurant."
Perché non ordiniamo un espresso? Ordiniamo un antipasto?
"Why don't we order an espresso?" "Shall we order an appetizer?"
Questa borsa sembra carissima. Le cose non sono sempre come

sembrano.
"This bag looks very expensive."
"Things are not always what they seem."
Quegli spaghetti sembrano buoni. I capperi vengono mangiati durante

l'aperitivo.
"That spaghetti looks delicious."
"Capers are eaten during the happy
hour."
La pizza prosciutto e funghi è molto Il prosciutto cotto è buono.

comune.
"Ham is good."
"Ham and mushroom pizza is very
popular."
Il prosciutto è buono. Devo cominciare una dieta.
"Prosciutto is good." "I have to go on a diet."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Plural Forms of the Demonstrative Adjective
Questo.
Questi prezzi non sono così male./Queste pizze sembrano tutte buonissime.
"These prices are not so bad."/"All these pizzas look very good."

Today we are going to learn the plural forms of the demonstrative adjective questo
(previously seen in the eleventh lesson).
Considering that we have to modify adjectives according to the noun they refer to in both
gender and number, we are now looking at questo in its plural forms, which are questi and
queste, meaning "these."
Construction Masculine plural Feminine plural
Before consonant questi prezzi queste pizze
Before vowel questi abiti queste acciughe
Use questi before any masculine plural noun starting with either a consonant or a vowel.
For Example:
Italian "English"
questi prezzi "these prices"
questi divani "these sofas"
questi orologi "these watches"
questi abiti "these dresses"
Use queste before any feminine plural nouns starting with either a consonant or a vowel.
For Example:
1. queste pizze
"these pizzas"
2. queste acciughe
"these anchovies"

LESSON NOTES

Can You Eat Those Desserts First in
Italy?
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 14
ITALIAN
1. Cameriere: Ecco le pizze!
2. Alessio: Wow, sono molto grandi!
3. Melissa: Mmm, che profumino! Buon appetito!
4. Alessio: Buon appetito. Hey, quei funghi sembrano proprio freschi.
5. Melissa: Sì, sono porcini. Anche quelle ragazze mangiano la pizza come la
mia, vedi?
6. Alessio: Hai ragione. Io oggi invece non ho molta fame, nella mia pizza c'è
solo il pomodoro.
7. Melissa: Che buona! Dopo prendiamo un gelato?
8. Alessio: Ma Melissa…, pensi già al dolce?!
ENGLISH
1. Waiter: Here's the pizzas!
2. Alessio: Wow, they're very large!
3. Melissa: Mmm, it smells good! Enjoy your meal!
4. Alessio: Enjoy. Hey, those mushrooms look really fresh.
CONT'D OVER
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #14 - CAN YOU EAT T HOS E DES S ERT S FI RS T I N I T ALY? 2
5. Melissa: Yes, they're porcini mushrooms. Hey, those girls are eating the
same pizza as mine, do you see?
6. Alessio: You're right. But today I am not very hungry. In my pizza there's only
tomato sauce.
7. Melissa: Mmm, it's so good! Are we having an ice cream later?
8. Alessio: But Melissa, are you already thinking about dessert?!
VOCABULARY
profumino good smell noun
proprio really, actually adverb
fresco fresh, cool, chilly adjective
ragazza girl noun
fame hunger noun
dolce dessert noun masculine
SAMPLE SENTENCES
C'è un profumino d'arrosto. Oggi sono proprio contenta.
"There's a good smell of roast meat." "Today, I'm really happy."
Sei proprio sicuro? Non ti capisco proprio.
"Are you really sure?" "I really don't understand you."
Questo è un formaggio fresco. Mi piace la birra fresca.
"This is a fresh cheese." "I like cool beer."
Maria è una ragazza spiritosa. Marina è una ragazza carina.
"Maria is a funny girl." "Marina is a cute girl."
Hai fame? Oggi non ho molta fame.
Are you hungry? "Today, I'm not very hungry."
Luca ha fame. Ho preparato il dolce per te!
"Luca is hungry." "I prepared the dessert for you!"
Ordiniamo il dolce?
"Do we order the dessert?"
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Plural Forms of the Demonstrative Adjective Quello.
Quei funghi sembrano proprio freschi./Anche quelle ragazze mangiano la pizza.
"Those mushrooms look really fresh."/"Also those girls are eating pizza."
Today, we are looking at the plural forms of the demonstrative adjective quello (as seen in
previous lessons).
Like with any other adjective, we change its ending when we use it to refer to plural nouns, so
quello becomes quei, quegli, and quelle.
These adjectives always precede the noun, and we modify them according to the same
pattern as the definite articles. For example, i funghi, meaning "mushrooms," requires the
usage of the adjective quei: quei funghi, meaning "those mushrooms." This is because we
use the article i before plural nouns starting with a consonant.
Please follow the scheme in the table below.
Construction Masculine plural Feminine plural
Before a consonant quei funghi quelle ragazze
Before y-, z-, x-, ps-, gn-,

and s- + a consonant quegli stivali quelle scatole
Before a vowel quegli alberghi quelle arance
Quei always precedes masculine plural nouns starting with a consonant.
For Example:
1. quei funghi
"those mushrooms"
2. quei pantaloni
"those pants"
We use quegli before masculine plural nouns starting with z-, x-, y-, ps-, gn-, or s- + a
consonant as well as those starting with a vowel.
For Example:
Italian "English"
quegli stivali "those boots"
quegli alberghi "those hotels"
quegli ospedali "those hospitals"
Finally, please use quelle before any feminine plural nouns starting with either a consonant
or a vowel.
For Example:
Italian "English"
quelle ragazze "those girls"
quelle scatole "those boxes"
quelle arance "those oranges"
quelle suore "those nuns"
LESSON NOTES

Do You Come to This Italian Place
Often?
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 15
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Prendiamo qui il gelato!
2. Melissa: Ah sì, conosco questa gelateria.
3. Alessio: Davvero? In effetti è famosa. Vieni qui spesso?
4. Melissa: No, solo ogni tanto. Quale gusto preferisci?
5. Alessio: Tutti! Vediamo, oggi facciamo un cono grande con pistacchio,

amarena e nocciola. E tu?
6. Melissa: Io di solito prendo cioccolata e caffè.
7. Commesso: Grande o piccolo signorina?
8. Melissa: Una coppetta piccola per piacere.
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: Let's get ice cream here!
2. Melissa: Oh yes, I know this ice cream shop.
3. Alessio: Really? In fact, it's famous. Do you come here often?
4. Melissa: No, just sometimes. What flavor do you prefer?
5. Alessio: All of them! Let's see, today let's make it a large cone with pistachio,
black cherry, and hazelnut. And you?
CONT'D OVER
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6. Melissa: I usually take chocolate and coffee.
7. Shopkeeper: Small or large for you, miss?
8. Melissa: A small cup, please.
VOCABULARY
conoscere to know verb
spesso often adverb
cono cone noun
nocciola hazelnut noun
grande large, big adjective
piccolo small, tiny adjective
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Conosci qualche cantante italiano? Ieri sera ho conosciuto un attore molto

importante.
"Do you know any Italian singers?"
"Yesterday evening, I met a very important
actor."
Conosci il mio amico Mario? Mangio spesso pistacchi mentre guardo

la tv.
"Do you know my friend Mario?"
"I often eat pistachios while I'm watching
TV."
Spesso mi addormento tardi. Questo cono gelato è buonissimo.
"I often fall asleep late." "This ice cream cone is very good."
Gli scoiattoli mangiano tante nocciole. Questi pantaloni sono troppo grandi per
me.
"Squirrels eat a lot of hazelnuts."
"These pants are too large for me."
Questo chiwawa è proprio piccolo! Questo appartamento è piccolo.
"This Chihuahua is really small!" "This apartment is small."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on Frequency Adverbs.

Vieni quì spesso?/Solo ogni tanto./Di solito prendo cioccolata e caffè.
"Do you come here often?"/"Just sometimes."/"I usually take chocolate and coffee."
To talk about how often something happens, we use the so-called adverbs of frequency. Here
are some of the most used frequency adverbs in Italian:
Italian "English"
spesso "often"
ogni tanto "sometimes"
a volte "sometimes"
di solito "usually"
normalmente "usually"
When using simple verb forms (that is, one-word verbs), we usually place adverbs after them.
For Example:
1. Mangio spesso la pizza durante il fine settimana.

"I often eat pizza during weekends."
2. Prendo spesso il treno per andare a lavoro.

"I often catch the train to go to work."
With compound verbs (i.e., two-word verbs), we place most adverbs after the past participle,
but we can also position them before the verb.
For Example:
1. Ogni tanto ho fatto arrabbiare i miei genitori/Ho fatto arrabbiare i miei genitori ogni
tanto.
"Sometimes I got my parents angry."
*Please remember that we cannot break ogni tanto.
Both di solito and normalmente mean "usually" and they always precede the verb.
For Example:
1. La sera di solito leggo un libro prima di dormire,

"In the evening, I usually read a book before sleeping."
2. Normalmente torno a casa in taxi.

"I usually come back home by taxi."
LESSON NOTES

That's It! There Is No More Italian
Ice Cream for You!
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 16
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Piazza della Signoria è bella, no?
2. Melissa: Eh, sì, una meraviglia, poi oggi con questo sole....
3. Alessio: Melissa, hai una macchia enorme di cioccolato sulla giacca!
4. Melissa: Oh no. E adesso?
5. Alessio: Aspetta, c'è una fontanella qui vicino. Puliamo la giacca con
l'acqua, andiamo.
6. Melissa: Grazie, sei molto gentile. Brrr, ma quest'acqua è molto fredda!
7. Alessio: Ah ah ah, ci sono delle macchie anche sui tuoi jeans!
8. Melissa: Ma no! Che pasticcio.
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: Piazza della Signoria is so nice, isn't it?
2. Melissa: Oh yes, it's wonderful, especially today with this sun....
3. Alessio: Melissa, you've got a huge chocolate stain on your jacket!
4. Melissa: Oh no. What now?
5. Alessio: Wait, there's a drinking fountain near here. Let's clean the jacket
with water. Let's go.
CONT'D OVER
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6. Melissa: Thank you, you're very kind. Brrr, this water is very cold!
7. Alessio: Ah ah ah, there are some stains even on your jeans!
8. Melissa: No! What a mess.
VOCABULARY
macchia stain noun
enorme huge, enormous adjective
fontanella drinking fountain noun
pulire to clean verb
freddo cold noun masculine
pasticcio mess, jam, trouble noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
C'è una macchia sulla tovaglia. Che insetto enorme!
"There's a stain on the tablecloth." "What a huge bug!"
L'acqua di questa fontanella è proprio Pulisciti le scarpe prima di entrare!

buona.
"Wipe your feet before coming in!"
"The water of this drinking fountain is
really good."
Ultimamente non pulisco mai il mio Hai pulito la tua stanza?
appartamento.
"Did you clean your room?"
"Recently, I never clean my apartment."
Questa bibita è molto fredda. Il vento è freddo.
"This drink is very cold." "The wind is cold."
Ho freddo. Ho fatto un pasticcio.
"I am cold." "I made a mess."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Structures C'è ("there is") and Ci sono ("there are").
C'è una fontanella quì vicino./Ci sono delle macchie anche sui jeans.
"There's a drinking fountain near here."/"There are some stains even on your
jeans."/"There is nothing to do."
The Italian expression c'è stands for "there is."
The structure of c'è consists of two parts: ci, an adverb, plus è, the third singular person of the
verb essere ("to be") at the present tense. As in English, we only use c'è with singular nouns.
For Example:
1. C'è un gatto sul divano.

"There is a cat on the sofa."
The plural form is ci sono, which is the Italian translation of "there are."
For Example:
1. Ci sono dei regali sotto l'albero di Natale.
"There are some presents under the Christmas tree."
We convey the negative form with non c'è/non ci sono, so you just need to add non before c'è/
ci sono.
For Example:
1. Non c'è più pane!

"There's no more bread!"
2. Non ci sono problemi.

"There are no problems."
Please remember that in Italian, double negations don't nullify each other. For example, we
translate "there is no one" as non c'è nessuno and "there is nothing" as non c'è niente.
We often use the pattern non c'è niente when the preposition da plus an infinitive follows it.
For Example:
1. Non c'è niente da fare.

"There is nothing to do."
2. Non c'è niente da bere.

"There is nothing to drink."
3. Non c'è niente da dire.

"There is nothing to say."
LESSON NOTES

I Haven't Exercised Enough to Eat
This Much Italian Food!
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 17
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Fiuuu... Abbiamo mangiato tanto oggi...
2. Melissa: Hai ragione.
3. Alessio: Perché adesso non andiamo...
4. (Il cellulare di Melissa suona.)
5. Melissa: Pronto!? Ah ciao Daniele, sì…che giorno è oggi? ...ah sì scusa, no

non sono tornata a casa... Va bene, compro io il pane. A dopo, ciao!
6. Alessio: C'è qualche problema?
7. Melissa: No, no, ma devo andare da lui adesso...
8. Alessio: Ehm... Lui? Che peccato!
9. Melissa: Mi dispiace Alessio, ci vediamo domani in ufficio, ciao!!
10. Alessio: Ah, ciao.
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: Phew... Today we've eaten a lot...
2. Melissa: You're right.
3. Alessio: Now, why don't we go to...
CONT'D OVER
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4. (Melissa's mobile rings.)
5. Melissa: Hello!? Ah, hi, Daniel, yes… What day is today?... Oh yes, sorry, no,
I haven't come back home... Okay, I'll buy the bread. See you later,
bye!
6. Alessio: Is there any problem?
7. Melissa: No, no, but now I have to go to him...
8. Alessio: Ehm… Him? What a pity!
9. Melissa: I'm sorry, Alessio. See you tomorrow in the office, bye!!
10. Alessio: Ah, bye.
VOCABULARY
adesso now adverb
pane bread noun masculine
problema problem noun masculine
to go back, to come
tornare back, to get back verb
in in preposition
ufficio office noun masculine
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Adesso scrivo un'e-mail. Adesso piove.
"Now I write an e-mail." "It is raining now."
Puoi comprare del pane? Quanto pane mangi al giorno?
"Can you buy some bread?" "How much bread do you eat in a day?"
Ho un grande problema. Luca torna da scuola verso l’una.
"I have a big problem." "Luke comes back from school about one
p.m."
Ieri sono tornato a casa tardi. Vorrei tornare a S. Gimignano.
"Yesterday I got back home late." "I would like to go back to S. Gimignano."
In questa classe ci sono venti bambini. In guerra e in amore tutto è lecito.
"In this class, there are twenty kids." "Everything is fair in love and war."
Questo ufficio è molto grande. A che piano è l'ufficio del Dott. Rossi?
"This office is very big." "On what floor is the office of Doctor
Rossi?"
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Passato Prossimo Tense of First Conjugation Verbs (-
are).
Abbiamo mangiato tanto oggi./Non sono tornata a casa.
"We've eaten a lot today."/"I haven't come back home."
We use the passato prossimo tense ("present perfect") to report actions or events that took
place in the past. It is a compound tense of two words: the present indicative of the auxiliary
verb avere or essere, and the "past participle," participio passato, of the main verb. The past
participle of first conjugation -are verbs mainly ends in -ato. Italian dictionaries provide the
past participles of the most frequently used verbs.
When choosing the auxiliary verb essere or avere, we should consider the main verbs they
are attached to. As a general rule, transitive verbs take avere and intransitive verbs take
essere. However, the following list shows the most important guidelines to keep in mind when
choosing the appropriate auxiliary verb.
AUXILIARY ESSERE:
•
Verbs expressing movement or immobility
For Example:
Italian "English"
andare "to go"
venire "to come"
entrare "to enter"
uscire "to go out"
rimanere "to remain"
stare "to stay"
tornare "to come back"
•
Verbs indicating changes in state of being
For Example:
Italian "English"
nascere "to be born"
diventare "to become"
morire "to die"
•
Reflexive verbs
For Example:
Italian "English"
alzarsi "to stand up"
lavarsi "to wash"
truccarsi "to put one's makeup on"
AUXILIARY AVERE:
•
All the transitive verbs
For Example:
Italian "English"
mangiare "to eat"
scrivere "to write"
comprare "to buy"
leggere "to read"
•
Some intransitive verbs
For Example:
Italian "English"
passeggiare "to stroll"
camminare "to walk"
viaggiare "to travel"
The best way to know whether to use essere or avere to form the passato prossimo is to look
the verb up in the dictionary to find out which auxiliary we should employ.
For Example:
Passato Prossimo
mangiare ("to eat")
Italian "English"
Io ho mangiato "I have eaten"/"I ate"
Tu hai mangiato "You have eaten"/"You ate"
"He/She/It has eaten"/

Lui/Lei ha mangiato "He/She/It ate"
Noi abbiamo mangiato "We have eaten"/"We ate"
Voi avete mangiato "You have eaten"/"You ate"
Loro hanno mangiato "They have eaten"/"They ate"
tornare ("to come back," "to go back")
Italian "English"
Io sono tornato/a* "I have come"/"I came back"
Tu sei tornato/a "You have come"/"You came back"
"He/She/It has come"/

Lui/Lei è tornato/a "He/She/It came back"
Noi siamo tornati/e "We have come"/"We came back"
Voi siete tornati/e "You have come"/"You came back"
"They have come"/

Loro sono tornati/e "They came back"
*Please notice that the past participle conjugated with essere has four possible endings,
depending on the gender and number of its subject.
We convey the negative form by adding non before the auxiliary verb.
For Example:
1. Non ho mangiato.
"I haven't eaten."
2. Non sono tornato

"I haven't come back."
LESSON NOTES

I Haven't Been on Time in Italy Yet!
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 18
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Ciao Ilaria, sei occupata?
2. Ilaria: No, no. Faccio solo delle fotocopie.
3. Alessio: Ah, senti, hai visto Melissa?
4. Ilaria: No, non ancora, strano, è sempre puntuale...
5. Alessio: Sì.. Voi siete molto amiche?
6. Ilaria: Mah, abbastanza... perché?
7. Alessio: Sai se lei ha il ragazzo?
8. (Melissa entra in ufficio.)
9. Melissa: Buongiorno!
10. Ilaria: (Rivolta a Alessio) ...come scusa?
11. Alessio: No, no, no, niente...
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: Hi, Ilaria, are you busy?
2. Ilaria: No. I'm only making some photocopies.
3. Alessio: Ah, listen, have you seen Melissa?
CONT'D OVER
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4. Ilaria: No, not yet, it's strange, she's always on time...
5. Alessio: Yes… Are you close friends?
6. Ilaria: Well, kind of... Why?
7. Alessio: Do you know whether she has a boyfriend?
8. (Melissa enters the office.)
9. Melissa: Good morning!
10. Ilaria: (talking to Alessio) ...Sorry, what?
11. Alessio: Oh, no, nothing...
VOCABULARY
occupato busy adjective masculine
fotocopia photocopy noun
to look, to watch, to
vedere see verb
puntuale on time, punctual adjective
amico friend noun masculine
enough, quite, fairly,

abbastanza rather adverb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Mi dispiace, oggi sono occupato. Questa settimana sono stato molto
occupato.
"I'm sorry, I'm busy today."
"I've been very busy this week."
Ecco le fotocopie! Andiamo a vedere una gara di sci.
"Here there are the photocopies!" "Let’s go watch a ski competition."
Hai visto quel film? Hai visto il mio cellulare?
"Have you seen that movie?" "Have you seen my cell phone?"
In Giappone treni e bus sono sempre Non sei mai puntuale!

puntuali.
"You are never on time!"
"In Japan trains and buses are always
very punctual."
Davide è un amico. Ti presento la mia amica Valeria.
"David is a friend." "Let me introduce you to my friend Valeria."
Un buon amico. Questo libro è abbastanza interessante.
"A good friend." "This book is quite interesting."
Oggi è abbastanza nuvoloso.
"Today it's quite cloudy."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Passato Prossimo Tense of Second Conjugation -ere
Verbs.
Hai visto Melissa?
"Have you seen Melissa?"
The passato prossimo structure for second conjugation -ere verbs is the same as that of first
conjugation -are verbs. We should follow the same process to form it: that is, use the auxiliary
verb essere or avere conjugated at the present indicative + the past participle of the main
verb.
To make negative statements, we only need to add non before the auxiliary verb. As we have
previously mentioned, please check the main verb in a dictionary to find out both the
appropriate auxiliary verb to use and the past participle of the main verb. Here follows a list of
the most frequently used -ere verbs conjugated at the passato prossimo tense. We will give
you the first singular person, io.
(auxiliary essere)
For Example:
1. scendere ("to get off")

Io sono sceso/a.
"I have got off." or "I got off."
2. vivere ("to live")

Io sono vissuto/a.
"I have lived." or "I lived."
3. cadere ("to fall")

Io sono caduto/a.
"I have fallen." or "I fell."
(auxiliary avere)
For Example:
1. scrivere ("to write")

Io ho scritto.
"I have written." or "I wrote."
2. bere ("to drink")
Io ho bevuto.
"I have drunk." or "I drank."
3. prendere ("to take")

Io ho preso.
"I have taken." or "I took."
Passato Prossimo
vedere ("to see" or "to watch")
Italian "English"
Io ho visto "I have seen"/"I saw"
Tu hai visto "You have seen"/"You saw"
"He/She/It has seen"/

Lui/Lei ha visto "He/She/It saw"
Noi abbiamo visto "We have seen"/"We saw"
Voi avete visto "You have seen"/"You saw"
Loro hanno visto "They have seen"/"They saw"
LESSON NOTES

Haven't You Done Enough Italian
Work Today?
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 19
ITALIAN
1. Ilaria: Oggi è venerdì.
2. Melissa: Scrivo questa e-mail e ho finito.
3. (Alessio entra nella stanza.)
4. Alessio: Ragazze, dopo il lavoro andiamo a bere un aperitivo, venite?
5. Ilaria: Va bene, offri tu?
6. Alessio: Volentieri!
7. Melissa: Allora vengo anche io!
ENGLISH
1. Ilaria: Today is Friday.
2. Melissa: I write this e-mail and I've finished.
3. (Alessio enters the room.)
4. Alessio: Girls, we're going to drink an aperitif after work, are you coming?
5. Ilaria: All right, is it your treat?
6. Alessio: With pleasure!
7. Melissa: In that case, I'm coming too!
VOCABULARY
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #19 - HAVEN'T YOU DONE ENOUGH I T ALI AN WORK T ODAY? 2
venerdì Friday noun masculine
dopo after, afterwards, later adverb
bere to drink verb
aperitivo aperitif noun masculine
offrire to offer, to pay verb
willingly, gladly,
volentieri sure, with pleasure adverb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Domani è venerdì. Venerdì sera andiamo in discoteca?
"Tomorrow is Friday." "Let's go to the disco Friday night."
Parliamo dopo la lezione. Se vuoi ci possiamo vedere dopo cena.
"We talk after the lesson." "If you want, we can see each other after
dinner."
Mia madre non beve alcolici. Bevo sempre un caffè dopo pranzo.
"My mother doesn't drink alcohol." "I always drink coffee after lunch."
Beviamo un tè? Bevo un po' di vino.
"Shall we drink tea?" "I drink some wine."
L'aperitivo più famoso è il Campari. Questo aperitivo è molto buono.
"The most famous aperitif is Campari." "This aperitif is very good."
Offro la cena a tutti! Beviamo un caffè? Volentieri.
"I offer the dinner to everybody!" "Do we drink a coffee? With pleasure."
Vengo volentieri con voi a mangiare la Vengo volentieri al cinema.

pizza.
"I'd gladly come to the movie theater."
"I gladly come with you to eat a pizza."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Passato Prossimo Tense of Third Conjugation -ire
Verbs.
Ho finito.
"I've finished."
When we decide to use the passato prossimo with -ire verbs of the third conjugation, we
should simply follow the rules given for other conjugations. We fully analyzed this process in
previous lessons.
However, it is necessary to remember that when avere is the auxiliary verb, the past participle
always ends in -o regardless of the subject of the verb.
Below we have a list of the most frequently used -ire verbs conjugated at the passato
prossimo tense. We will now provide the inflection of the first singular person, io.
For Example:
(auxiliary essere)
1. partire ("to leave")

Io sono partito/a.
"I have left." or "I left."
2. salire ("to get on")
Io sono salito/a.
"I have got on." or "I got on."
3. venire ("to come")

Io sono venuto/a.
"I have come." or "I came."
(auxiliary avere)
For Example:
1. capire ("to understand")

Io ho capito.
"I have understood." or "I understood."
2. dormire ("to sleep")

Io ho dormito.
"I have slept." or "I slept."
3. aprire ("to open")

Io ho aperto.
"I have opened." or "I opened."
Passato Prossimo
finire ("to finish")
Italian "English"
Io ho finito "I have finished"/"I finished"
Tu hai finito "You have finished"/"You finished"
"He/She has finished"/

Lui/Lei ha finito "He/She finished"
Noi abbiamo finito "We have finished"/"We finished"
"You have finished"/
Voi avete finito
"You finished"
"They have finished"/

Loro hanno finito "They finished"
LESSON NOTES

I Haven't Struck Out Yet in Italian!
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 20
ITALIAN
1. Melissa: Alessio, grazie per il consiglio, questo spritz è molto buono.
2. Alessio: Ah, prego. Melissa, ieri non sei venuta a lavoro, va tutto bene?
3. Melissa: Sì, sono stata malata, ma niente di grave.
4. Alessio: Senti, perché non facciamo un giro in macchina domenica?
5. Melissa: Ah, domenica? Dove andiamo?
6. Alessio: Andiamo a Siena!
7. Melissa: A Siena?! Non ho mai avuto occasione di andarci!
8. Alessio: Perfetto!
ENGLISH
1. Melissa: Alessio, thank you for the advice, this spritz is very good.
2. Alessio: Ah, you're welcome. Melissa, yesterday you didn't come to work. Is
everything all right?
3. Melissa: Yes, I've been sick, but nothing serious.
4. Alessio: Listen, why don't we go for a drive on Sunday?
5. Melissa: Ah, Sunday? Where do we go?
CONT'D OVER
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6. Alessio: Let's go to Siena!
7. Melissa: To Siena?! I've never had the chance to go there!
8. Alessio: Perfect!
VOCABULARY
consiglio advice noun
malato sick, ill adjective
serious, hard, heavy,

grave harsh adjective
macchina car noun feminine
occasione chance, occasion noun
perfetto perfect adjective
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Un consiglio importante. Segui il mio consiglio.
"An important advice." "Follow my advice."
Sono sempre malato. Ho un grave problema.
"I'm always sick." "I have a serious problem."
È accaduto un fatto grave. Le famiglie in Italia di solito hanno 2
macchine.
"A serious event has happened."
"Families in Italy usually own two cars."
La mia macchina non è nuova. Sono venuto in macchina.
"My car is not new." "I came by car."
Ieri ho provato una macchina nuova. Ho l'occasione di incontrarti.
"Yesterday I tried a new car." "I have the chance to meet you."
Un lavoro perfetto! È perfetto!
"A perfect job." "It's perfect!"
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Passato Prossimo ("Present Perfect") Tense of
Essere and Avere Verbs.
Sono stata malata./Non ho mai avuto occasione.
"I've been sick."/"I've never had the chance."
The passato prossimo tense is composed of the auxiliary verb essere ("to be") or avere ("to
have") conjugated at the present indicative, followed by the past participle of the main verb.
This structure does not change even when the main verb is essere or avere.
The verb essere always requires the auxiliary essere (obviously conjugated at the present
indicative). Its past participle equivalent is stato. As we previously mentioned, when the
auxiliary is essere, the past participle changes according to the gender and number of the
subject, having four possible different endings. The conjugation follows.
Essere ("to be")
Italian "English"
Io sono stato/a "I have been"/"I was"
Tu sei stato/a "You have been"/"You were"
"He/She/It has been"/

Lui/Lei è stato/a "He/She/It was"
Noi siamo stati/e "We have been"/"We were"
Voi siete stati/e "You have been"/"You were"
Loro sono stati/e "They have been"/"They were"
On the other hand, we form the passato prossimo tense of the verb avere with the present
indicative of the verb avere, followed by its past participle, avuto. As you can clearly see in the
scheme below, the past participle's endings do not change, as is the case with all the other
verbs requiring the auxiliary avere.
Avere ("to have")
Italian "English"
Io ho avuto "I have had"/"I had"
Tu hai avuto "You have had"/"You had"
"He/She/It has had"/

Lui/Lei ha avuto "He/She/It had"
Noi abbiamo avuto "We have had"/"We had"
Voi avete avuto "You have had"/"You had"
Loro hanno avuto "They have had"/"They had"
LESSON NOTES

You Can Count on These Italian
Words
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 21
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Due bicchieri di spumante per favore.
2. Cameriere: Sì, ecco qua! Fanno otto euro.
3. Melissa: Grazie Alessio, ma questo è l'ultimo...
4. Alessio: Come vuoi tu.
5. Melissa: Queste patatine sono molto saporite.
6. Alessio: Sì, ma troppo piccanti per me!
7. Melissa: Tra qualche minuto vado a casa. Ti telefono domani.
8. Alessio: D'accordo.
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: Two glasses of spumante, please.
2. Waiter: Yes, here they are! It's eight euros.
3. Melissa: Thank you, Alessio, but this is the last one...
4. Alessio: As you wish.
5. Melissa: These chips are very tasty.
6. Alessio: Yes, but too spicy for me!
CONT'D OVER
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #21 - YOU CAN COUNT ON T HES E I T ALI AN WORDS 2
7. Melissa: In a few minutes, I go home. I'll call you tomorrow.
8. Alessio: Okay.
VOCABULARY
bicchiere glass noun
spumante sparkling wine noun masculine
last, latest, farthest,

ultimo final adjective
saporito good, tasty, savory adjective
piccante hot, spicy adjective
telefonare to phone, to call verb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Che bel bicchiere. Due bicchieri di vino rosso.
"What a nice glass." "Two glasses of red wine."
Vorrei un bicchiere di Coca-Cola. Mi piace lo spumante con il dolce.
"I'd like a glass a Coke." "I like sparkling wine with dessert."
Questa è l'ultima volta. L’ultimo treno per Ravenna è alle venti e

quaranta.
"This is the last time."
"The last train for Ravenna is at eight forty."
Questo formaggio è molto saporito. È molto saporito.
"This cheese is very tasty." "It's very tasty."
Mi piace mangiare cibo piccante. Telefono alla polizia.
"I like to eat spicy food." "I call the police."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Cardinal Numbers.

Due bicchieri di spumante./Fanno otto euro.
"Two glasses of sparkling wine."/"It's eight euros."
We write numbers in Italian as a single word, and we usually position them before the noun.
For Example:
Italian "English"
tre euro "three euros"
sei bicchieri "six glasses"
ventidue carte "twenty-two cards"
As in English, in Italian cardinal numbers fall in Italian into the adjective category, but contrary
to other standard Italian adjectives, they never change their ending vowels. There are three
main exceptions to this general rule:
Although uno/una may also be a number, it follows the rules of the simple indefinite article
uno/una, thus changing its ending vowel according to the (obviously singular) noun it refers
to.
For Example:
1. uno scaffale
"a shelf"
2. una sedia
"a chair"
Both milione ("million") and miliardo ("billion") are masculine nouns and we have to conjugate
them accordingly. When referring to definite quantities, they are followed by the particle di.
For Example:
1. Ci sono cinque milioni di persone in questa città.

"There are five million people in this city."
2. La terra si staccò dal sole cinque miliardi di anni fa.

"Earth detached from the sun five billion years ago."
Number Italian "English"
1 uno "one"
2 due "two"
3 tre "three"
4 quattro "four"
5 cinque "five"
6 sei "six"
7 sette "seven"
8 otto "eight"
9 nove "nine"
10 dieci "ten"
11 undici "eleven"
12 dodici "twelve"
13 tredici "thirteen"
14 quattordici "fourteen"
15 quindici "fifteen"
16 sedici "sixteen"
17 diciassette "seventeen"
18 diciotto "eighteen"
19 diciannove "nineteen"
20 venti "twenty"
21 ventuno "twenty-one"
22 ventidue "twenty-two"
23 ventitré "twenty-three"
24 ventiquattro "twenty-four"
25 venticinque "twenty-five"
26 ventisei "twenty-six"
27 ventisette "twenty-seven"
28 ventotto "twenty-eight"
29 ventinove "twenty-nine"
30 trenta "thirty"
40 quaranta "forty"
50 cinquanta "fifty"
60 sessanta "sixty"
70 settanta "seventy"
80 ottanta "eighty"
90 novanta "ninety"
100 cento "one hundred"
200 duecento "two hundred"
300 trecento "three hundred"
400 quattrocento "four hundred"
500 cinquecento "five hundred"
600 seicento "six hundred"
700 settecento "seven hundred"
800 ottocento "eight hundred"
900 novecento "nine hundred"
1000 mille "thousand"
We form Italian compound numbers above twenty (i.e., adjectives made of more than one
number) by simply adding each element in successive order.
For Example:
Italian "English"
cinquantasette "fifty-seven"
centosessantanove "one hundred sixty-nine"
milleduecentotrentacinque "one thousand, two hundred thirty-five"
The numbers venti, trenta, quaranta, and so on drop the final vowel before uno and otto, both
of which begin with a vowel.
For Example:
1. ventuno
"twenty-one"
2. ventotto
"twenty-eight"
Finally, note that whenever a compound number ends with the number tre ("three"), we have
to use the acute accent on the ending -é. The cardinal number "three" does not need any
accent on its ending vowel.
For Example:
1. ventitré
"twenty-three"
LESSON NOTES

How to Finish First in Italy
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 22
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Pronto?
2. Melissa: Ciao Alessio, sono Melissa.
3. Alessio: Ah, ciao Melissa.
4. Melissa: A che ora partiamo domani per Siena?
5. Alessio: Dunque… Alle dieci? Troppo tardi?
6. Melissa: No, va bene, sono così emozionata, per me è la prima volta a Siena.
7. Alessio: Sai, è una piccola città, ma ci sono tante cose da vedere.
8. Melissa: E da mangiare? C'è qualcosa di buono?
9. Alessio: Ah, ah sicuramente! Hai una macchina fotografica?
10. Melissa: Sì, sì. È già nello zaino!
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: Hello?
2. Melissa: Hi, Alessio, it's Melissa.
3. Alessio: Ah, hi, Melissa.
4. Melissa: At what time are we leaving for Siena tomorrow?
CONT'D OVER
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #22 - HOW T O FI NI S H FI RS T I N I T ALY 2

5. Alessio: Well… What about ten? Is it too late?
6. Melissa: No it's okay. I'm so excited; it's the first time in Siena for me.
7. Alessio: You know, it's a small town, but there are many things to see.
8. Melissa: And food? Is there something good?
9. Alessio: Uh huh, sure! Do you have a camera?
10. Melissa: Yes. It's already in the backpack!
VOCABULARY
dunque well, therefore conjunction
emozionato excited, moved adjective
volta time noun
città city, town noun
macchina fotografica camera phrase feminine
zaino backpack, rucksack noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Dunque, cosa mangiamo? Mia sorella è emozionata.
"Well, what do we eat?" "My sister is excited."

Matteo va in piscina tre volte alla Questa volta paghi tu!
settimana.
"This time you pay!"
"Matthew goes to swimming pool three
times a week."
Questa è l'ultima volta che ti aspetto! Roma è una grande città.
"This is the last time I wait for you!" "Rome is a big city."
Ho una nuova macchina fotografica. La penna è nel mio zaino.
"I have a new camera." "The pen is in my backpack."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on Italian Ordinal Numbers.

Per me è la prima volta a Siena.
"It's the first time in Siena for me."
We use ordinal numbers, as in English, to indicate order or rank in a given succession or

order.
Italian ordinal numbers fall into the adjective category. Unlike cardinal numbers, they change
their ending vowel according to the gender and number of the noun they refer to.
The following list shows Italian ordinal numbers from one to thirty. The ending vowels are
provided in the singular masculine form.
Number Italian "English"
1°/1st primo "first"
2°/2nd secondo "second"

3°/3rd terzo "third"
4°/4th quarto "fourth"
5°/5th quinto "fifth"
6°/6th sesto "sixth"
7°/7th settimo "seventh"
8°/8th ottavo "eighth"
9°/9th nono "ninth"
10°/10th decimo "tenth"
11°/11th undicesimo "eleventh"
12°/12th dodicesimo "twelfth"
13°/13th tredicesimo "thirteenth"
14°/14th quattordicesimo "fourteenth"
15°/15th quindicesimo "fifteenth"
16°/16th sedicesimo "sixteenth"
17°/17th diciassettesimo "seventeenth"
18°/18th diciottesimo "eighteenth"
19°/19th diciannovesimo "nineteenth"
20°/20th ventesimo "twentieth"

21°/21st ventunesimo "twenty-first"
22°/22nd ventiduesimo "twenty-second"
23°/23rd ventitreesimo "twenty-third"
24°/24th ventiquattresimo "twenty-fourth"
25°/25th venticinquesimo "twenty-fifth"
26°/26th ventiseiesimo "twenty-sixth"
27°/27th ventisettesimo "twenty-seventh"
28°/28th ventottesimo "twenty-eighth"
29°/29th ventinovesimo "twenty-ninth"
30°/30th trentesimo "thirtieth"
Each of the first ten ordinal numbers has a distinctly unique form. We form ordinal numbers
after decimo ("tenth") by dropping the final vowel of the corresponding cardinal number and
adding the suffix -esimo.
For Example:
Italian "English"
ventiquattro "twenty-four"
ventiquattresimo "twenty-fourth"
trentuno "thirty-one"
trentunesimo "thirty-first"

Numbers ending in -tré and -sei retain the final vowel, though -tré drops the acute accent in
the written form.
For Example:
Italian "English"
ventitré "twenty-three"
ventitreesimo "twenty-third"
trentasei "thirty-six"
trentaseiesimo "thirty-sixth"
As in English, ordinal numbers normally precede the noun.
For Example:
1. Il mio appartamento è al sesto piano.

"My apartment is on the sixth floor."
2. Questo affresco è del dodicesimo secolo.

"This fresco is from the twelfth century."
3. E' la quinta volta che ascolto questa canzone.

"It's the fifth time that I have listened to this song."
4. Oggi è il terzo gelato che mangio!

"It is the third ice cream that I have eaten today."
5. Fu amore a prima vista.

"It was love at first sight."

LESSON NOTES

Don't Worry About Your Future in
Italy!
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 23
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Hai le scarpe adatte? Oggi cammineremo tanto.
2. Melissa: Sì, non ti preoccupare... Posso accendere la radio?
3. Alessio: Certo! Ah ecco il meteo! Bene, oggi bel tempo!
4. Melissa: Dove incontriamo Ilaria e Alberto?
5. Alessio: Cosa? Vengono anche loro?!
6. Melissa: Sì, Ilaria mi ha mandato un messaggio stamattina.
7. (bi-bip)
8. Alessio: Ecco il messaggio di Ilaria!
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: Do you have suitable shoes? Today we'll walk a lot.
2. Melissa: Yes, don't worry… Can I turn the radio on?
3. Alessio: Sure! Ah, here is the weather forecast! Fine, today nice weather!
4. Melissa: Where do we meet with Ilaria and Alberto?
5. Alessio: What? Are they coming too?!
6. Melissa: Yes, Ilaria sent me a message this morning.
CONT'D OVER
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #23 - DON'T WORRY ABOUT YOUR FUT URE I N I T ALY! 2
7. (bi-bip)
8. Alessio: Ah, here is Ilaria's message!
VOCABULARY
adatto suitable, fit, proper adjective
potere to be able, can verb
meteo weather forecast noun
incontrare to meet verb
mandare to send verb
messaggio message noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Questo non è il modo adatto per Questo vestito non è adatto per stasera.
risolvere i problemi.
"This dress is not suitable for tonight."
"This is not the proper way to solve
problems."
Posso entrare? Posso aiutarti?
"Can I come in?" "Can I help you?"
Ascolto il meteo ogni giorno. Dopo incontro Rossella.
"I listen to the weather forecast every day." "I'll meet with Rossella later."
Ieri ho incontrato Luisa. Ho incontrato un vecchio amico.
"Yesterday I met Luisa." "I met an old friend."
Mandate un pacco in Italia? Che messaggio lungo!
"Are you sending a package to Italy?" "What a long message!"
Ho capito il messaggio.
"I understood the message."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on Futuro Semplice Tense of the First Conjugation -are
Verbs.
Oggi cammineremo tanto.
"Today we'll walk a lot."
We use the futuro semplice to describe future actions, thus expressing the idea of "to be going
to" or "will (do something)," since there is no difference in Italian between planned or
unplanned future actions. We form the futuro semplice of regular verbs by dropping the final -e
of the infinitive and adding the personal endings -ò, -ai, -à, -emo, -ete, and -anno.
First conjugation -are verbs change the -a of the infinitive into -e.
For Example:
Camminare ("to walk")
Italian "English"
Io camminer-ò "I will walk."
Tu camminer-ai "You will walk."
Lui/lei camminerà "He/she will walk."
Noi camminer-emo "We will walk."
Voi camminer-ete "You will walk."
Loro camminer-anno "They will walk."
For Example:
1. portare ("to bring")

Io porterò.
"I will bring."
2. diventare ("to become")

Io diventerò.
"I will become."
3. arrivare ("to arrive")

Io arriverò.
"I will arrive."
In addition to changing the -a of the infinitive, verbs ending in -ciare and -giare drop the -i in
order to keep the [tʃ] sound (as in "scotch").
For Example:
1. cominciare ("to start," "to begin")

Io comincerò.
"I will start."
2. baciare ("to kiss")

Io bacerò.
"I will kiss."
3. mangiare ("to eat")
Io mangerò.
"I will eat."
Verbs ending in -care or -gare add -h after -c and -g of the stem to retain the hard [k] sound
(as in "car").
For Example:
1. traslocare ("to move")

Io traslocherò.
"I will move."
2. giocare ("to play")

Io giocherò.
"I will play."
3. pregare ("to pray")

Io pregherò.
"I will pray."
Certain two-syllable irregular verbs keep the characteristic -a of the infinitive ending.
For Example:
1. dare ("to give")

Io darò.
"I will give."
2. fare ("to do")

Io farò.
"I will do."
3. stare ("to stay")

Io starò.
"I will stay."
LESSON NOTES

Together, We Will Choose What to
Do in Italy
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 24
ITALIAN
1. Alessio: Questa è Piazza del Campo, saliamo sulla Torre del Mangia?
2. Melissa: Sceglieremo cosa fare insieme agli altri…
3. Alessio: Va bene, hai ragione.
4. Melissa: Comunque questa piazza è bellissima.
5. Alessio: È una delle piazze medievali più grandi d'Europa.
6. Melissa: Sì, c'è scritto anche in questa guida della città. Quello è il Palazzo
Pubblico?
7. Alessio: Sì. Ah, ecco i ragazzi!
8. Melissa: (urlando) Hey!! Siamo qua!
ENGLISH
1. Alessio: This is Piazza del Campo; shall we go up to the Torre del Mangia?
2. Melissa: We'll choose what to do together with the others…
3. Alessio: Well, you're right.
4. Melissa: This square is beautiful, though.
5. Alessio: It's one of the largest medieval squares in Europe.
CONT'D OVER
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #24 - T OGET HER, WE WI LL CHOOS E WHAT T O DO I N I T ALY 2
6. Melissa: Yes, that's also written in this city guide. Is that Palazzo Pubblico?
7. Alessio: Yes. Ah, here are the guys!
8. Melissa: (screaming) Hey!! We're here!
VOCABULARY
to get on, to get in, to

salire go up verb
scegliere to choose verb
insieme together adverb
medievale medieval adjective
Europa Europe proper noun feminine
guida information guide noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Non sono mai salito su un aeroplano. Salgo al primo piano.
"I've never been on an airplane." "I go up to the first floor."
Non so cosa scegliere. Dormono tutti insieme in una stanza.
"I don't know what to choose." "They sleep all together in one room."
Facciamo una passeggiata insieme? Siena è una città medievale.
"Shall we take a walk together?" "Siena is a medieval city."
Mi piace vivere in Europa. Questa è la guida di Roma.
"I like living in Europe." "This is Rome's information guide."
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Futuro Semplice Tense of Second Conjugation -ere
Verbs.
Sceglieremo cosa fare insieme agli altri.
"We'll choose what to do together with the others."
The procedure we use to create the futuro semplice tense of second conjugation -ere verbs is
the same as the one we use for first conjugation -are verbs, except that second conjugation
verbs do not change the second-to-last vowel of the infinitive. They simply drop the final -e of
the infinitive form and add the appropriate endings -ò, -ai, -à, -emo, -ete, and -anno.
For Example:
scegliere ("to choose")
Italian "English"
Io sceglier-ò "I will choose."
Tu sceglier-ai "You will choose."
Lui/Lei sceglier-à "He/She/It will choose."
Noi sceglier-emo "We will choose."
Voi sceglier-ete "You will choose."
Loro sceglier-anno "They will choose."
For Example:
1. conoscere ("to know")
Io conoscerò.
"I will know."
2. perdere ("to lose")

Io perderò.
"I will lose."
3. correre ("to run")

Io correrò.
"I will run."
Many -ere irregular verbs change their stems when we conjugate them in futuro semplice.
The following are some of the most common.
For Example:
1. bere ("to drink")

Io berrò.
"I will drink."
2. vedere ("to see")

Io vedrò.
"I will see."
3. dovere ("to have to")

Io dovrò.
"I will have to."
LESSON NOTES

Will You Be an Italian-Speaking
Fool?
CONTENTS
2 Italian
2 English
3 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Grammar
# 25
ITALIAN
1. Melissa: Oh, sono veramente contenta, Siena mi piace molto, è così

affascinante. Ben fatto Alessio, seguirò ancora i tuoi consigli!
2. Alessio: Sì, che giornata! Adesso sono proprio stanco.
3. Melissa: Stasera allora dormirai profondamente, ma prima devi riportarmi a

casa.
4. Alessio: Mmm, forse ti lascio qui!
5. Melissa: Hey, non fare lo scemo! Non sei divertente!
6. Ilaria: Sapete, siete proprio una bella coppia voi due.
7. Melissa: Chi?
8. Alessio: Noi due, ah ah ah!
ENGLISH
1. Melissa: Oh, I'm really happy. I like Siena very much; it's so fascinating. Well
done, Alessio, I'll follow your advice again.
2. Alessio: Yes, what a day! Now I'm really tired.
3. Melissa: You'll sleep deeply tonight, then, but you have to take me back
home first.
4. Alessio: Mmm, probably I'll leave you here!
CONT'D OVER
I T ALI ANPOD101.COM ABS OLUT E BEGI NNER S 1 #25 - WI LL YOU BE AN I T ALI AN-S PEAKI NG FOOL? 2
5. Melissa: Hey, don't be a fool! You're not funny!
6. Ilaria: You know, you two are a really cute couple.
7. Melissa: Who?
8. Alessio: The two of us, ha ha ha!
VOCABULARY
contento happy, content adjective
affascinante fascinating adjective
seguire to follow verb
profondamente deeply, profoundly adverb
lasciare to let go, leave verb
scemo fool, idiot noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Se vieni a casa la nonna sarà contenta. Sono contento.
"If you come home, grandmother will be "I'm happy."

happy."
Paolo è contento. Che donna affascinante.
"Paolo is happy." "What a fascinating woman."
Luca è un ragazzo piuttosto Seguiamo le tracce!
affascinante.
"Let's follow the traces."
"Luca is a quite fascinating guy."
Quel tipo mi sta seguendo. Sono innamorato profondamente.
"That guy is following me." "I am deeply in love."
Lasciami in pace! Sei proprio scemo!
"Leave me alone!" "You're very stupid!"
GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Futuro Semplice Tense of Third Conjugation -ire
Verbs. ¬
Seguirò ancora i tuoi consigli.
"I'll follow your advice again."
In order to form the futuro semplice of third conjugation -ire regular verbs, we need to follow
the same procedure we employ for second conjugation verbs. Therefore, we need to drop the
final -e of the infinitive form and add the appropriate endings -ò, -ai, -à, -emo, -ete, and -anno.
For Example:
seguire ("to follow")
Italian "English"
Io seguir-ò "I will follow"
Tu seguir-ai "You will follow"
Lui/lei seguir-à "He/She/It will follow"
Noi seguir-emo "We will follow"
Voi seguir-ete "You will follow"
Loro seguir-anno "They will follow"
Here are some additional examples.
For Example:
1. dormire ("to sleep")

Io dormirò.
"I will sleep."
2. uscire ("to go out")

Io uscirò.
"I will go out."
3. dire ("to say")

Io dirò.
"I will say."
Certain -ire irregular verbs change the stem when conjugated at futuro semplice:
For Example:
venire ("to come")
Italian "English"
Io verr-ò "I will come"
Tu verr-ai "You will come"
Lui/lei verr-à "He/She/It will come"
Noi verr-emo "We will come"
Voi verr-ete "You will come"
Loro verr-anno "They will come"
For Example:
1. Verrò da te stasera.
"I will come to your place tonight."
2. Verrai alla mia festa di laurea?

"Are you coming to my graduation party?"
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Italian 2 1 Audiobook

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LESSON NOTES

1. Melissa: Ciao, mi chiamo Melissa e tu?

2. Alessio: Ciao, piacere. Io mi chiamo Alessio.

3. Melissa: Piacere Alessio.

4. Melissa: Buon giorno, mi chiamo Melissa Cox. E lei? Come si chiama?

5. Alessio: Buon giorno. Alessio, Alessio Martini. Piacere di conoscerla.

6. Melissa: Molto lieta.

1. Melissa: Hi, my name is Melissa, and you?

2. Alessio: Hi, nice to meet you. My name is Alessio.

3. Melissa: Nice to meet you, Alessio.

5. Alessio: Good morning. Alessio, Alessio Martini. Nice to meet you.

6. Melissa: Very pleased to meet you.

ciao hello, hi, bye greeting expression

good morning, good day,

Ciao mamma! Ciao, Laura.

"Hi, mom!" "Hello, Laura."

Io e Anna andiamo a casa. E tu?

"Anna and I are going home." "And you?"

Buon giorno signore. Buon giorno Signor Martini.

"Hello, sir." "Good morning, Mr. Martini."

Buon giorno, Luca.

"Good day, Luca."

The Focus of This Lesson Is on Italian Greetings.

1. Alessio: Sono di Milano, e tu? Di dove sei?

2. Melissa: Io sono di Miami.

3. Alessio: Ah, non sei di Milano...

4. Alessio: Sono di Milano. Di dove è Lei?

5. Melissa: Io sono di Miami.

6. Alessio: Ah, Lei non è di Milano...

1. Alessio: I am from Milan, and you? Where are you from?

2. Melissa: I'm from Miami.

3. Alessio: Ah, you're not from Milan.

4. Alessio: I am from Milan. Madame, where are you from?

5. Melissa: I'm from Miami.

6. Alessio: Ah, you're not from Milan.

Italian English C lass

dove where interrogative word

Il Duomo di Milano è l'opera più Non sono di Milano.

Tu sei uno studente? Anche tu?

"Are you a student?" "Even you?"

Io sono di Firenze. Dove andiamo?

"I am from Florence." Where are we going?

Dove sei stato? Dove sei?

Where have you been? Where are you?

Where do you live?

Io sono "I am."

Tu sei "you are."

Lui/lei è "he/she/it is."

Noi siamo "we are."

Voi siete "you are."

Loro sono "they are."

1. Alessio: Ciao Ilaria, come stai?

2. Ilaria: Benone, e tu?

3. Alessio: Non c'è male, grazie.

4. Alessio: Buona sera, signora Ravazzi. Come sta?

5. Ilaria: Molto bene, grazie. E lei?

6. Alessio: Mmm. Io sto così così.

1. Alessio: Hi, Ilaria, how are you?

2. Ilaria: Terrific, and you?

3. Alessio: Not too bad, thank you.