8/26/23, 8:54 AM M2 - L1. Cell Structures and Functions: General Zoology-IRROMERO 8/26/23, 8:54 AM M2 - L1.

gy-IRROMERO 8/26/23, 8:54 AM M2 - L1. Cell Structures and Functions: General Zoology-IRROMERO

The ideas of the three scientists, Schwann, Schleiden, and Virchow, led to the

M2 - L1. Cell Structures and Functions formulation of one of the fundamental theories unifying biology, the Cell Theory, which
states that:

The cell is the structural and functional unit of living things.

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
All cells came from pre-existing cells.

The cell is covered and protected by its cell membrane or also known as the plasma
membrane, which is a semi-permeable membrane that controls the moving of
materials into and out the cell.

WHILE-TASK

What makes organisms living? . . . The presence of cell is one common

characteristic that makes organisms living.

Though the cell is identified as the smallest structure in an organisms’ body, it is The cytoplasm is also called the protoplasm. It is considered as the living substance
considered as the most important characteristic of living things, because it carries all of the cell containing the chemical elements, and tiny structures, the organelles, that
the biological processes that life needs. are responsible in performing the metabolic activities of the cell. These organelles
are:
The cell was discovered by Robert Hook (1665) when
he studied corks of plants and observed those tiny boxes
or pores that look like the rooms in monastery, where
he got the term “cell”.

Many scientists had observed the cells of many

organisms, among them were Theodor Schwann, a
zoologist, and Matthias Schleiden, a botanist, who
proposed that cells are the basic building blocks of all
living things. Then, Rudolf Virchow observed that cells
produced new cells through cell division, and proposed
that living cells arise only from other living cells.
https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/pages/m2-l1-cell-structures-and-functions?module_item_id=2332774 1/4 https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/pages/m2-l1-cell-structures-and-functions?module_item_id=2332774 2/4
8/26/23, 8:54 AM M2 - L1. Cell Structures and Functions: General Zoology-IRROMERO 8/26/23, 8:54 AM M2 - L1. Cell Structures and Functions: General Zoology-IRROMERO

Centrioles in centrosomes play a role in the production of microtubules that serve article, (https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/eukaryotic-
as the skeletal system of the cell. These are also responsible in the formation of cells/a/organelles-article,) "Cellular Organelles and Structures", and
spindle fibers which are important in cell division.
browse this POWERPOINT provided, CellStructuresandFunctions.pdf
The endoplasmic reticulum is considered as the “circulatory system” of the cell.
(https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/files/10345424?wrap=1)
It has two(2) types, these are the rough ER (rER) and the smooth ER (sER). The
(https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/files/10345424/download?download_frd=1)
rough ER is with membrane lined with ribosomes, so that it is for the distribution of
ILazoR
proteins, while the smooth ER is for the transportation of materials other than
proteins, like carbohydrates and lipids.
Golgi complex is the packaging and secretory vesicle of the cell. It collects
materials from the organelles that are needed to be disposed through secretory
vesicles formed at the cell membrane.
Lysosomes are known as the “suicide sacs” of the cell. They secrete enzymes,
called lysozymes which are for digestion.
The mitochondria as the “powerhouse of the cell”, is responsible in the
production of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as the energy source.
Ribosomes are spherical, non-membranous organelle for protein synthesis.
Vacuoles are for the storage of materials.

The nucleus is considered as the “brain of the cell”, which controls all the metabolic
activities of the cell. Its cytoplasmic content is the nucleoplasm, which is enclosed by
a double membrane lining, called the nuclear membrane. It is where the
chromosomes, containing the genetic materials, the DNA, are located. The
nucleolus, which is a spherical structure for the formation of ribosomes is also found
in the nucleus.

To know more about the cell, its structures and their functions, explore this LINK,
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/eukaryotic-cells/a/organelles-

https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/pages/m2-l1-cell-structures-and-functions?module_item_id=2332774 3/4 https://ceu.instructure.com/courses/30921/pages/m2-l1-cell-structures-and-functions?module_item_id=2332774 4/4