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Assignment 3

The document provides instructions for Assignment 3 in a linear algebra course. It includes 5 problems involving matrix computations and complex numbers. Students are asked to solve the problems by hand, scan their work, and submit the PDF. Problem 1 involves verifying an eigenvector, finding a characteristic polynomial and eigenvalues. Problem 2 focuses on diagonalizing a matrix. Problem 3 covers non-diagonalizability over real numbers and complex eigenspaces. Problem 4 works with polar form and powers of a complex number. Problem 5 addresses statements about matrices, diagonalizability, and complex number arguments.

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14 views

Assignment 3

The document provides instructions for Assignment 3 in a linear algebra course. It includes 5 problems involving matrix computations and complex numbers. Students are asked to solve the problems by hand, scan their work, and submit the PDF. Problem 1 involves verifying an eigenvector, finding a characteristic polynomial and eigenvalues. Problem 2 focuses on diagonalizing a matrix. Problem 3 covers non-diagonalizability over real numbers and complex eigenspaces. Problem 4 works with polar form and powers of a complex number. Problem 5 addresses statements about matrices, diagonalizability, and complex number arguments.

Uploaded by

korede
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 3 for MATH 1104F (Linear Algebra for

Engineering or Science), Winter 2022


Alexander Bors

Please solve the following problems on paper or a writing pad, and upload your hand-
written solutions to Brightspace as a PDF. Please make sure to specify your name and
student ID at the beginning of the PDF. Your solutions should include all computation
steps and be clearly legible (if your file is a scan, please check it for legibility before up-
loading). Good luck!

(1) Consider the following (3 × 3)-matrix A:


 
1 −1 1
A = − 32 2 12  .
−1 −1 3
 T
(a) (4 points) Verify that the vector 1 1 1 is an eigenvector of A. What is its
eigenvalue?
(b) (6 points) Compute the characteristic polynomial χA (x).
(c) (6 points) Find the eigenvalues of A. Hint: You already know one eigenvalue
from part (a).
(d) (4 points) Is A diagonalizable (over R)? Justify your answer.

(2) Consider the following (2 × 2)-matrix A:


 
0 1
A= .
−6 5

(a) (8 points) Determine the eigenvalues of A and their corresponding eigenspaces.


(b) (4 points) Specify an invertible (2 × 2)-matrix P and a diagonal (2 × 2)-matrix
D such that A = P DP −1 .
(c) (8 points) Find closed formulas for the entries of the matrix power At in terms
of the integer exponent t ≥ 1. Hint: Recall from the remark after Definition
20.4 that At = P Dt P −1 . From there, simplify the product on the right-hand
side. An example of doing this is in the “An application of diagonalization to
linear evolution models” bonus PDF.

1
A. Bors MATH 1104F Assignment 3

(3) Consider the following (2 × 2)-matrix A:


 
5 −5
A= .
2 −1

(a) (6 points) Show that A is not diagonalizable over R.


(b) (8 points) Find the complex eigenvalues of A and determine their eigenspaces
in C2 . Hint: Use the pq-formula to find the complex roots of the characteristic
polynomial. Note that the square root of a √negative√real number simplifies to a
real multiple of the imaginary unit i, as in −9 = 9i = 3i.
(c) (6 points) Write A in the form P DP −1 for a complex invertible (2 × 2)-matrix
P and a complex (2 × 2)-diagonal matrix D.

(4) Consider the complex number √


z =1+ 3 · i.

(a) (8 points) Write z in polar form.


(b) (6 points) Compute the two square roots of z in C, specifying them in the form
a + bi.
(c) (6 points) Compute z 12 .

(5) Theory questions: Please specify whether the following statements are true or false,
and justify your answers. In doing so, you may cite results from the lecture notes or
textbook without needing to further justify them.

(a) (6 points) There is a square matrix with real coefficients that is diagonalizable
over R but not over C.
(b) (8 points) The constant term of the characteristic polynomial χA (x) of a (real)
square matrix A is always equal to det A. Hint: The constant term of a poly-
nomial P (x) can be expressed as P (0).
(c) (6 points) If z1 and z2 are nonzero complex numbers, then the argument of the
product z1 · z2 is the sum of the arguments of z1 and z2 .

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