Ethiopia has made progress in improving health outcomes over the past few decades. Life expectancy has increased from 45 to 64.8 years from 1990 to 2016. Under-five and maternal mortality rates have declined significantly, though non-communicable diseases are rising. Ethiopia's health system is decentralized and focuses on primary health care through programs like the Health Extension Program. However, challenges remain around infectious diseases, malnutrition, and gender-based violence.
Ethiopia has made progress in improving health outcomes over the past few decades. Life expectancy has increased from 45 to 64.8 years from 1990 to 2016. Under-five and maternal mortality rates have declined significantly, though non-communicable diseases are rising. Ethiopia's health system is decentralized and focuses on primary health care through programs like the Health Extension Program. However, challenges remain around infectious diseases, malnutrition, and gender-based violence.
Ethiopia has made progress in improving health outcomes over the past few decades. Life expectancy has increased from 45 to 64.8 years from 1990 to 2016. Under-five and maternal mortality rates have declined significantly, though non-communicable diseases are rising. Ethiopia's health system is decentralized and focuses on primary health care through programs like the Health Extension Program. However, challenges remain around infectious diseases, malnutrition, and gender-based violence.
Ethiopia has made progress in improving health outcomes over the past few decades. Life expectancy has increased from 45 to 64.8 years from 1990 to 2016. Under-five and maternal mortality rates have declined significantly, though non-communicable diseases are rising. Ethiopia's health system is decentralized and focuses on primary health care through programs like the Health Extension Program. However, challenges remain around infectious diseases, malnutrition, and gender-based violence.
Ethiopia has made tremendous achievement in economic, political and social spheres. Health, as part of the environment and social services, has recorded success marked by the increased estimated healthy life expectancy at birth to 64.8 years in 2016 from as low as 45 years in 1990. The health status of the country’s population indicates that about 80% of diseases are attributable to preventable conditions related to infectious diseases, malnutrition; and personal and environmental hygiene. However, Ethiopia is displaying decreasing trend of these conditions through the effective performance of health extension programs. The adult HIV prevalence is 1.1% in 2016, more in female than male. The HIV infection among 15-24 age groups has significantly reduced from 12.4% in 2001 to 1.7% in 2014 - suggesting a decline of HIV incidence. The prevalence of TB in Ethiopia is estimated to be 200 with incidence of 207 per 100, 000 populations. The health of women, neonates and children are areas of major concern including gender-based violence and harmful traditional practices. Ethiopia has reduced the under-five mortality rate from 166 per 1,000 live births in 2000 to 59 per 1,000 live births in 2015; Neonatal mortality rate declined by 42% between 1990 and 2013 to 28/1000 live births in 2013. New vaccines, like pneumococcal, rotavirus and human papillomavirus vaccines were introduced into the routine immunization programme. There is great improvement in maternal mortality rate between 1990 and 2013, Ethiopia achieved a 70% reduction in maternal mortality ratio; from 1400 per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 420 per 100,000 live births in 2013; a decline of 5% per annum. The country http:// www.who.int/countries/en/ achieved MDG 4 - under-five mortality- two years prior to the target year and demonstrated notable progress towards MDGs 5 and 6 targets. Non-communicable diseases (NCD) and its WHO region Africa related risk factors are growing in the country with high morbidity and mortality. In 2014 World Bank income group Low-income deaths from NCD account for 40% of all deaths. Injuries following road traffic accidents and Child health harmful consumption of alcohol and tobacco showing increasing trends. Ethiopia ratified the Infants exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life (%) WHO FCTC on 21st January 2014. Ethiopia has faced repeated disease outbreaks like acute 52.0 watery diarrhea, measles, meningitis, yellow fever and dengue. There have also been natural (2011)
Diphtheria tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP3) immunization
crises like the El Nino and La Nina phenomena, droughts and floods with health 77 consequences. In all cases government led a robust response with the support of partners. coverage among 1-year-olds (%) (2016) Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Investing in resilient national systems in the context of humanitarian-development nexus is 64.8 (Both sexes) the way to a sustainable future. Life expectancy at birth (years) (2015) 66.8 (Female) 62.8 (Male) HEALTH POLICIES AND SYSTEMS The right to health for every Ethiopian has been guaranteed by the 1995 Constitution of the Population (in thousands) total (2015) 99390.8 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), which stipulates the obligation of the state to % Population under 15 (2015) 41.4 issue policy and allocate ever increasing resources to provide public health services to all % Population over 60 (2015) 5.2 Ethiopians. The Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) of Ethiopia availed a comprehensive well- Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of articulated health sector strategic plan (HSDP IV 2010 - 2015) to guide the health programs 30.7 population) (2011) aligned with the national Growth and Transformation Plan I (GTP I) that was effective in Literacy rate among adults aged >= 15 years (%) (2007-2012) 39 attaining the national goals and MDG targets. The ministry has also developed 20 years of visioning Ethiopia towards the path of universal Gender Inequality Index rank (2014) 129 health coverage (2015 – 2035). This document directs the pace of transitioning to low-middle Human Development Index rank (2014) 174 income country by 2025 and to middle-middle income country by 2035. The current Health Health systems Sector Transformation Plan (HSTP), extrapolated from the GPT II, covers a five year period Total expenditure on health as a percentage of gross 4.88 from July 2016 to June 2020 and is well aligned with SDGs3 and health related SDGs and domestic product (2014) targets that also influence the performance of health determinants. Private expenditure on health as a percentage of total 41.29 Ethiopia follows a decentralized health care system; development of the preventive, expenditure on health (2014) promotive and curative health care delivery by public, private for profit and not-for profit General government expenditure on health as a percentage of 15.75 players in the health sector. The Ethiopian health care delivery, organized in to three tier- total government expenditure (2014) system, puts the health extension program, the innovative community-based service delivery Physicians density (per 1000 population) (2009) (health development army), as a center of focus for the provision of primary health care 0.025 services to the broad masses. Primary health care (PHC) potential coverage stands at 90%, Nursing and midwifery personnel density (per 1000 reaching most of the rural areas in the country. The growing countrywide network of population) (2009) 0.252 healthcare facilities has enhanced access to health services. The rapid expansion of both Mortality and global health estimates private-for-profit and not for-profit health facilities accounts for about 11% of health service Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) (2016) 27.6 [21.7-35.2] coverage and this has enhanced public-private-partnerships in health.
Under-five mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per
COOPERATION FOR HEALTH 1000 live births) (2016) 58.4 [46.6-72.8] Ethiopia enjoys unprecedented support from bilateral and multilateral donors and partners. The health partners are governed through the Health, Population and Nutrition (HPN) Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) (2015) 353 [ 247 - 567] partners' forum. Partners’ contributions represent 49.9% of the health sector expenditure Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) (2016) 27.7 (NHA 2014), while the household contribution is 33.7 % and the government is at 15%. WHO Public health and environment Country Office Ethiopia actively participates in all planning, implementing, monitoring and Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 4 (Rural) evaluating of health sector development and humanitarian programs in the country. In 2009, (2015) the Government and a number of IHP+ partners signed a Joint Financing Arrangement (JFA) to 11 (Total) commit resource to a pooled funding mechanism managed by the Federal Ministry of Health. Population using safely managed drinking water services (%) The JFA was called the MDG Pooled Fund (MDG PF) and rechristened SDG pooled fund in 38 (Urban) (2015) 4 (Rural) 2016. The MDG/SDG PF covers all program areas where there is a funding gap; so far it has mostly covered the procurement of public goods required to facilitate health service delivery Sources of data: Global Health Observatory May 2017 at lower levels. The United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), 2012-2015, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.cco was successfully implemented. A new UNDAF, 2016 – 2020, in support of the five-year national development plan – Growth and Transformation Plan II (GTP II) is being implemented. The current UNDAF was developed within the Delivery as One (DaO) framework to ensure a harmonized, coherent and more effective approach of UN's contribution to the implementation of the GTPII. The current WHO Country Cooperation Strategy (2016- 2020) is aligned with the HSTP, the SDGs and the UNDAF. WHO COUNTRY COOPERATION STRATEGIC AGENDA (2016–2020) Strategic Priorities Main Focus Areas for WHO Cooperation STRATEGIC PRIORITY 1: Strengthening national efforts in ending HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis and eliminating Viral Hepatitis, Reduced mortality, morbidity, and malaria and neglected tropical diseases disability due to communicable and non-communicable diseases Strengthening NCD preventive, promotive and case management interventions
Scaling-up of climate resilient Water Safety System
STRATEGIC PRIORITY 2: Increasing access to high quality and utilization of Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Reduced maternal, new-born and Adolescent Health (RMNCAH) interventions child morbidity and mortality and Expanding access to immunization services and control of vaccines preventable diseases improved Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) rights and utilization Supporting improved capacity for integration and coordination of comprehensive facility and community based nutrition service including school based nutrition package
STRATEGIC PRIORITY 3: Strengthening the national health system for quality health services improve access to quality and Improving access to safe, effective, quality and affordable medicines and health technology including equitable health services in ensuring blood transfusion services including strengthening regulatory systems. universal health coverage
STRATEGIC PRIORITY 4: Enhancing preparedness for public health emergency;
Resilient systems for emergency risk Strengthening disease surveillance systems at national and subnational levels; and crisis management
Strengthening Public health emergency response system and the public health emergency risk communication
STRATEGIC PRIORITY 5 : Strengthening coordination and information sharing with bilateral and multilateral agencies, and non- Strengthened partnerships for state actors (professional associations, public-private partnership, and civil societies) harmonization, coordination and resource mobilization for health Strengthening external relations, resource mobilization and strategic communication and development Partnership with health sector for strengthening the multi-sectoral collaboration on social determinants of health, mainstreaming gender, equity and human rights in health and development including initiatives for women health rights projects
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