Interference
Interference
Welcome to my Class
Physics Ph 1109
11:45 AM
November 03, 2020
COVID-19 Precautions
ØDon’t be afraid
ØBe aware of the pandemic
ØUse appropriate outfits if you
compelled to go out
In all such cases, the two sources will act, as if they are perfectly
similar in all respects.
Phase Difference and Path Difference
If the path difference between the two waves is λ, the phase
difference = 2π.
y1 = a sin ωt
y2 = a sin(ωt + δ)
∴ y = y1 + y2 = a sin ωt + a sin(ωt + δ)
= 2a2 + 2 a2cos δ
∴ I = R2
I = 4a2
Energy distribution
it is found that the intensity at bright points is 4a2 and at dark
points it is zero. According to the law of conservation of energy,
the energy cannot be destroyed. Here also the energy is not
destroyed but only transferred from the points of minimum
intensity to the points of maximum intensity.
For, at bright points, the intensity due to the two waves should
be 2a2 but actually it is 4a2. But, the intensity varies from 0 to
4a2, and the average is still 2a2.
Theory of Interference Fringes
Consider a narrow monochromatic source S and two pinholes
A and B equidistant from S. A and B act as two coherent
sources separated by a distance d. Let a screen be placed at a
distance D from the coherent sources. The point C on the
screen is equidistant from A and B. Therefore, the path
difference between the two waves is zero. Thus the point C
has maximum intensity.
Consider a point P at a distance x from C. The waves reach at
the point P from A and B.
(5)
(6)
(7)
This equation gives the distances of the bright fringes from
the point C. At C, the path difference is zero and a bright
fringe is formed.
Therefore the distance between any two consecutive bright
fringes.
(8)
(9)
This equation gives the distances of the dark fringes from
the point C.
The distance between any two consecutive dark fringes.
(10)
(13)
(14)
If the path difference x = (2n+1)λ/2 where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
etc., destructive interference takes place and the film appears
dark.
(15)
∴ 2µt cos r = nλ
Where n = 0, 1, 2,3,4…..etc.
The amplitude of the incident ray is a. Let r be the reflection
coefficient, t the transmission coefficient from rarer to
denser medium and t‘ the transmission coefficient from
denser to rarer medium.
The amplitudes of the reflected rays are: ar, atrt’, atr3t’, atr5t’
etc. The ray 1 is reflected at the surface of a denser medium.
It undergoes a phase change π. the rays 2, 3, 4 etc. are all in
phase but out of phase
with ray 1 by π.
A = att’ r [1 + r2 + r4 + ….]
tt’ =1 – r2