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    You are on page 1of 243

    English Phonetics

    and Phonology
    A practical course

    Fourth edition

    PETER ROACH
    Emeritus Professor o f Phonetics
    University o f Reading

    11 CAMBRIDGE
    U NIVERSITY PRESS
    CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

    Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,


    Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City

    Cambridge University Press


    The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK

    www.cambridge.org
    Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521717403

    © Cambridge University Press 2009

    This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception


    and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
    no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
    permission of Cambridge University Press.

    First published 1983


    Fourth edition 2009
    5th printing 2012

    Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by the MPG Books Group

    A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

    Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data


    Roach, Peter (Peter John)
    English phonetics and phonology: a practical course / Peter Roach. - 4th ed.
    p. cm.
    Includes bibliographical references and index.
    ISBN 978-0-521-71740-3 (pbk.) - ISBN 978-0-521-88882-0
    1. English language - Phonetics. 2. English language - Phonology. 3. English language - Study
    and teaching - Foreign speakers. I. Title.
    PE1133.R55 2009
    421'.5-dc22 2008052020

    ISBN 978-0-521-71740-3 Paperback with Audio CDs (2)


    ISBN 978-0-521-88882-0 Hardback with Audio CDs (2)

    Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or


    accuracy o f URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in
    this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,
    or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel
    timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at
    the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee
    the accuracy of such information thereafter.
    Contents

    Preface to the fo u rth edition ix


    List o f symbols x
    Chart o f the International Phonetic A lphabet xii

    1 Introduction 1
    1.1 How th e course is organised i
    1.2 The English Phonetics and Phonology w ebsite 2
    1.3 Phonemes and other aspects o f pronunciation 2
    1.4 Accents and dialects 3

    2 The production o f speech sounds 8


    2.1 Articulators above th e larynx 8
    2.2 Vowel and consonant 10
    2.3 English short vowels 13

    3 Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs 16


    3.1 English long vowels 16
    3.2 Diphthongs 17
    3.3 Triphthongs 18

    4 Voicing and consonants 22


    4.1 The larynx 22
    4.2 Respiration and voicing 24
    4.3 Plosives 26
    4 .4 English plosives 26
    4.5 Fortis and lenis 28

    5 Phonemes and symbols 31


    5.1 The phonem e 31
    5.2 Symbols and transcription 33
    5.3 Phonology 35

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