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Introduction To C Programming

The document discusses rules and concepts related to C programming including: 1) Rules for integer, real, and character constants including allowed characters and value ranges. 2) Rules for constructing variable names including allowed characters and length restrictions. 3) Data types in C including ranges for basic types like char, int, float, and format specifiers. 4) Common C keywords and escape sequences.

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Lokesh Khedekar
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16 views

Introduction To C Programming

The document discusses rules and concepts related to C programming including: 1) Rules for integer, real, and character constants including allowed characters and value ranges. 2) Rules for constructing variable names including allowed characters and length restrictions. 3) Data types in C including ranges for basic types like char, int, float, and format specifiers. 4) Common C keywords and escape sequences.

Uploaded by

Lokesh Khedekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to C

Programming
Getting Started with C
The C Character Set
Rules for Constructing Integer Constants
• (a) An integer constant must have at least one digit.
• (b) It must not have a decimal point.
• (c) It can be either positive or negative.
• (d) If no sign precedes an integer constant, it is assumed to be positive.
• (e) No commas or blanks are allowed within an integer constant.
• (f) The allowable range for integer constants is -2147483648 to +2147483647.
• Ex.: 426 ,+782 ,-8000, -760
Rules for Constructing Real Constants
• (a) A real constant must have at least one digit.
• (b) It must have a decimal point.
• (c) It could be either positive or negative.
• (d) Default sign is positive.
• (e) No commas or blanks are allowed within a real constant.
• Ex.: +325.34 ,426.0, -32.76, -48.5792
Rules for Constructing Character Constants

• (a) A character constant is a single alphabet, a single digit or a single special


symbol enclosed within single inverted commas.
• (b) Both the inverted commas should point to the left. For example, ’A’ is a
valid character constant whereas ‘A’ is not.
• Ex.: 'A’, 'I’ ,'5’ ,'='
Rules for Constructing Variable Names
• (a) A variable name is any combination of 1 to 31 alphabets, digits or underscores.
Some compilers allow variable names whose length could be up to 247 characters.
Still, it would be safer to stick to the rule of 31 characters. Do not create
unnecessarily long variable names as it adds to your typing effort.
• (b) The first character in the variable name must be an alphabet or underscore ( _ ).
• (c) No commas or blanks are allowed within a variable name.
• (d) No special symbol other than an underscore (as in gross_sal) can be used in a
variable name.
• Ex.: si_int ,m_hra
C Keywords
Data Type - char
char 1 byte -128 to 127 or 0 to 255

unsigned char 1 byte 0 to 255

signed char 1 byte -128 to 127


Data type: int
-32,768 to 32,767 or -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

int 2 or 4 bytes

unsigned int 2 or 4 bytes 0 to 65,535 or 0 to 4,294,967,295

short 2 bytes -32,768 to 32,767

unsigned short 2 bytes 0 to 65,535

long 8 bytes or (4bytes for 32 bit OS) -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807


Floating-Point Types

Type Storage size Value range Precision

float 4 byte 1.2E-38 to 3.4E+38 6 decimal places

double 8 byte 2.3E-308 to 1.7E+308 15 decimal places

long double 10 byte 3.4E-4932 to 1.1E+4932 19 decimal places


Format Specifiers
Escape Sequences

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