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Number System

The document provides an overview of number systems including rational numbers, irrational numbers, and real numbers. It defines different types of numbers such as natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. It discusses the properties of rational and irrational numbers including their decimal expansions. The document also covers operations on real numbers and laws of exponents for real numbers. Finally, it provides steps to represent any positive real number on a number line using Pythagoras theorem and defines rationalization as removing square roots from denominators.

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45 views2 pages

Number System

The document provides an overview of number systems including rational numbers, irrational numbers, and real numbers. It defines different types of numbers such as natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. It discusses the properties of rational and irrational numbers including their decimal expansions. The document also covers operations on real numbers and laws of exponents for real numbers. Finally, it provides steps to represent any positive real number on a number line using Pythagoras theorem and defines rationalization as removing square roots from denominators.

Uploaded by

Zakir Ahemad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CBSE Class 09 Mathematics

Revision Notes
CHAPTER – 1
NUMBER SYSTEMS

1 Rational Numbers

2 Irrational Numbers

3 Real Numbers and their Decimal Expansions

4 Operations on Real Numbers

5 Laws of Exponents for Real Numbers

Natural numbers are : 1, 2, 3, …………….. denoted by N.


Whole numbers are : 0, 1, 2, 3, ……………… denoted by W.
Integers : ……. -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ……………… denoted by Z.
Rational numbers - All the numbers which can be written in the form are called
rational numbers where p and q are integers and Every integer p is also a
rational number, can be written as
Irrational numbers - A number is called irrational, if it cannot be written in the form
where p and q are integers and
The decimal expansion of a rational number is either terminating or non terminating
recurring. Thus we say that a number whose decimal expansion is either terminating
or non terminating recurring is a rational number.
Terminating decimals: The rational numbers with a finite decimal part or for which
the long division terminates after a finite number of steps are known as finite or
terminating decimals.
Non-Terminating decimals: The rational numbers with an infinite decimal part or for
which the long division does not terminate even after an infinite number of steps are
known as infinite or non-terminating decimals
The decimal expansion of a irrational number is non terminating non recurring.

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All the rational numbers and irrational numbers taken together make a collection of
real numbers.
A real number is either rational or irrational.
If r is rational and s is irrational then r+s, r–s, r.s are always irrational numbers but
may be rational or irrational.
If n is a natural number other than a perfect square, then is a irrational number.
Negative of an irrational number is an irrational number.
There is a real number corresponding to every point on the number line. Also,
corresponding to every real number there is a point on the number line.
Every irrational number can be represented on a number line using Pythagoras
theorem.
For every positive real number can be represented by a point on the number
line by using the following steps:

1. Obtain all positive real numbers (say).


2. Draw a line and mark a point P on it.
3. Make a point Q on the line such that PQ = units.
4. From point Q marka distance of 1 unit and mark the new point as R.
5. Find the mid-point of PR and mark the point as O.
6. Draw a circle with centre O and radius OR.
7. Draw a line perpendicular to PR passing through Q and intersecting the semi-circle at S.
Length QS is equal to .

Rationalization means to remove square root from the denominator.

to remove we will multiply both numerator & denominator by

its rationalization factor

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