Scribd
Upload
47 views12 pages

Resistance Thermometers: Dr. Deblina Biswas Assistant Professor, I&C Engg

Resistance thermometers use the change in electrical resistance of a conductor to determine temperature. Platinum is commonly used as it has good linearity and repeatability over a wide temperature range. A resistance thermometer consists of a platinum wire coil embedded in insulation and housed in a protective sheath. The resistance of the platinum can be related to temperature using either a linear or quadratic approximation over a specified temperature range.

Uploaded by

Kritika Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
47 views12 pages

Resistance Thermometers: Dr. Deblina Biswas Assistant Professor, I&C Engg

Resistance thermometers use the change in electrical resistance of a conductor to determine temperature. Platinum is commonly used as it has good linearity and repeatability over a wide temperature range. A resistance thermometer consists of a platinum wire coil embedded in insulation and housed in a protective sheath. The resistance of the platinum can be related to temperature using either a linear or quadratic approximation over a specified temperature range.

Uploaded by

Kritika Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Resistance Thermometers

Dr. Deblina Biswas


Assistant Professor, I&C Engg
Introduction
 The resistance of a conductor changes when its
temperature is changed. This property is utilized for
measurement of temperature.
 The resistance of most metals increases reasonably
linearly with temperature in the range −100 to +800 °C.
 The variation of resistance R with temperature T can be
represented by the following relationship for most of the
metals as:

 where R0 Ω is the resistance at 0 °C and α, β, γ are


temperature coefficients of resistance
 The resistance thermometer uses the change in electrical
resistance of conductor to determine the temperature.
Cont.

 The magnitude of the non-linear


terms is usually small. Figure shows
the variation in the ratio RT /R0 with
temperature for the metals
platinum, copper and nickel.
Desired characteristics

 The requirements of a conductor material to be used in


these thermometers are:
 (i) The change in resistance of material per unit change in
temperature should be as large as possible.
 (ii) The resistance of the materials should have a
continuous and stable relationship with temperature.
Cont.
 Platinum, nickel and copper are
the most commonly used metals
to measure temperature.
 Although relatively expensive,
platinum is usually chosen for
industrial resistance
thermometers; cheaper metals,
notably nickel and copper, are
used for less demanding
applications.
 Platinum is preferred because it
is chemically inert, has linear and
repeatable
resistance/temperature
characteristics, and can be used
over a wide temperature range
(−200 to +800 °C) and in many
types of environments.

Cont.
 It can be refined to a high degree of purity, which
ensures that statistical variations in resistance,
between similar elements at the same
temperature, are small.
 A typical platinum element has R0 = 100.0 Ω, R100
= 138.50 Ω, R200 = 175.83 Ω, α = 3.91 × 10−3 °C−1
and β = −5.85 × 10−7 °C−2 .
 The change in resistance between the ice point and
the steam point, i.e. R100 − R0, is called the
fundamental interval
Pt RTD construction
 Here fine platinum wire is wound into
a very small spiral and is inserted into
axial holes in a high purity alumina
insulator.
 A small quantity of glass adhesive is
introduced into the holes and the unit
is fired, thus securely fixing a part of
each turn onto the alumina; the
remainder of the wire is free to move.
 The diagram also shows the element
housed in a stainless steel protective
sheath
Resistance vs temperature plot

 An examination of the resistance


versus temperature curves of Figure
show that the curves are nearly
linear. In fact, when only short
temperature spans are considered,
the linearity is even more evident.
 This fact is employed to develop
approximation analytical equations of
resistance versus temperature of a
particular metal.
Linear approximation
 A linear approximation
means that we may
develop an equation for a
straight line which
approximates the
resistance versus
temperature curve over a
specified span.
 Figure shows a curve for
variation or resistance with
Temperature.
Cont.
 Hence a straight line has been
drawn between the point of curve
which present temperature 𝜃1 and
𝜃2 as shown with 𝜃0 representing
the midpoint temperature. The
equation of this straight line
written as:

R𝜃2
R𝜃0

R𝜃1

𝜃1 𝜃0 𝜃2
Quadratic Approximation,
 A quadratic approximation to the resistance-temperature
curve is a more accurate representation of the resistance-
temperature curve over, a limited range of temperature.
The quadratic approximation relationship includes both a
linear term as in Eqn. A and in addition has a term which
varies as the square of the temperature. This
approximation is written as :
Problem

90 562.66  Use the values of resistance vs


95 568.03 temperature given in the ·table
100 573.4 below to find the linear and
105 578.77 quadratic approximation of
110 584.13 resistance between 100°C and 130°c
115 589.48 about a mean temperature of It
120 594.84 115°C.
125 600.18
130 605.52

You might also like