Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

PRACTICAL - 1

Aim :
Write a program to implement Tic-Tac-Toe game problem.

Random Method :-
Input :
import random

# A function to print the board

def print_board(board):
print(f" {board[0]} | {board[1]} | {board[2]} ")
print("------------")
print(f" {board[3]} | {board[4]} | {board[5]} ")
print("------------")
print(f" {board[6]} | {board[7]} | {board[8]} ")

# A function to check if the board is full

def is_board_full(board):
return " " not in board

# A function to check if a player has won

def check_for_winner(board, player):
if (board[0] == player and board[1] == player and board[2] == player) or \
(board[3] == player and board[4] == player and board[5] == player) or \
(board[6] == player and board[7] == player and board[8] == player) or \
(board[0] == player and board[3] == player and board[6] == player) or \
(board[1] == player and board[4] == player and board[7] == player) or \
(board[2] == player and board[5] == player and board[8] == player) or \
(board[0] == player and board[4] == player and board[8] == player) or \
(board[2] == player and board[4] == player and board[6] == player):
return True
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

else:
return False

# A function to make a player's move

def get_player_move(board):
while True:
move = input("Enter your move (1-9): ")
if move.isdigit() and int(move) in range(1, 10) and board[int(move)-1] == " ":
return int(move) - 1
else:
print("Invalid move. Please try again.")

# A function to make the computer's move (random)

def get_computer_move(board):
while True:
move = random.randint(0, 8)
if board[move] == " ":
return move

# The main game loop

def play_game():
board = [" "] * 9
print("Welcome to Tic Tac Toe!")
print_board(board)

while not is_board_full(board):

# Human player's turn
player_move = get_player_move(board)
board[player_move] = "X"
print_board(board)
if check_for_winner(board, "X"):
print("Congratulations, you won!")
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

return

# Computer player's turn

computer_move = get_computer_move(board)
board[computer_move] = "O"
print("The computer played move", computer_move+1)
print_board(board)
if check_for_winner(board, "O"):
print("Sorry, you lost.")
return

print("It's a tie!")

# Start the game

play_game()

Output:-
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

Magic Square method :-

Input :
import random

board = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
magic_square = [[2, 7, 6],[9, 5, 1], [4, 3, 8]]
magic_square_l = [2, 7, 6,9, 5, 1, 4, 3, 8]
occupied = []
computer = "O"
Human = "X"
n=3

def print_board(board):
print(f" {board[0][0]} | {board[0][1]} | {board[0][2]} ")
print("------------")
print(f" {board[1][0]} | {board[1][1]} | {board[1][2]} ")
print("------------")
print(f" {board[2][0]} | {board[2][1]} | {board[2][2]} ")

def rowcheck(board):
for i in range(n):
if (board[i][0] == board[i][1]) and (board[i][1] == board[i][2]) and (board[i][0] != "*"):
print("here")
return True
return False

def colcheck(board):
for i in range(n):
if (board[0][i] == board[1][i]) and (board[2][i] == board[0][i]) and (board[0][i] != "*"):
print("here")
return True
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

return False

def diagonalcheck(board):
if (board[0][0] == board[1][1]) and (board[1][1] == board[2][2]) and (board[0][0] != "*"):
print("here")

return True
if (board[0][2] == board[1][1]) and (board[1][1] == board[2][0]) and (board[0][2] != "*"):
print("here")

return True
return False

def gameover(board):
return(rowcheck(board) or colcheck(board) or diagonalcheck(board))

def gamedraw(board):
if gameover(board) == True:
return False
if gameover(board) == False:
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
if board[i][j] == "*":
return False

def find_best_location(scores, s, e):

scores.sort()
if s == e:
return -1
while s < e:
sum = scores[s] + scores[e]
diff = 15 - sum
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

if diff in magic_square_l:
if diff not in occupied:
occupied.append(diff)
return diff
else:
return max(find_best_location(scores, s + 1, e), find_best_location(scores, s, e - 1))
elif diff >= 9:
s += 1
elif diff <= 0:
e -= 1
return -1

def win_location(board, player, movidx):

result = [-1,-1]
score = []
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
if board[i][j] == player:
score.append(magic_square[i][j])

res = find_best_location(score, 0, len(score)-1)

if res == -1:
if len(score) == 0:
result[0] = -1
result[1] = -1
elif len(score) == 1:
temp_res = -1
if((movidx == 0 and player==computer) or (movidx<=1 and player == Human)):
for i in range(len(score)):
diff = 15 - score[i]
for j in range(len(magic_square_l)):
if (diff - magic_square_l[j] > 0 and diff - magic_square_l[j]<9):
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

if (diff - magic_square_l[j]) not in occupied:

temp_res = diff - magic_square_l[j]
z = magic_square_l.index(temp_res)
result[0] = z / n
result[1] = z % n
occupied.append(diff - magic_square_l[j])
return result

if temp_res == -1:
result[0] = -1
result[1] = -1
return result

else:
result[0] = -1
result[1] = -1
return result

else:
print("res is not -1")
z = magic_square_l.index(res)
result[0] = z / n
result[1] = z % n

return result

def play_game(board, player, movidx):

loc = []
while (gameover(board)==False and gamedraw(board=board)==False):
if player == computer:
print("computer is thinking")
loc = win_location(board, player, movidx)
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

if loc[0] == -1:
loc = win_location(board, Human, movidx)
if loc[0] == -1:
x = random.randint(0 ,2)
y = random.randint(0, 2)
while board[x][y] != "*":
x = random.randint(0, 2)
y = random.randint(0, 2)
print(x,y)
board[x][y] = computer
movidx += 1
occupied.append(magic_square[x][y])
else:
print("com play move as human win")
board[int(loc[0])][int(loc[1])] = computer
movidx += 1
occupied.append(magic_square[int(loc[0])][int(loc[1])])
else:
print("com play move as computer win")
board[int(loc[0])][int(loc[1])] = computer
movidx += 1
occupied.append(magic_square[int(loc[0])][int(loc[1])])
print_board(board)
player = Human
elif player == Human:
x = int(input("enter loc x:"))
y = int(input("enter loc y:"))
if (board[x][y] != "*"):
print("already occupied")
else:
board[x][y] = Human
occupied.append(magic_square[x][y])
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

print_board(board)
player = computer

if gamedraw(board) == True:
print("match draw")
elif player == computer:
print("human won!")
else:
print("computer won")

board = [["*","*","*"],["*","*","*"],["*","*","*"]]
choice = int(input("enter 0 to play first or press 1 to let computer first : "))
while choice != 0 and choice != 1:
choice = int(input("enter 0 to play first or press 1 to let computer first : "))
movidx = 0
if choice == 1:
play_game(board, computer, movidx)
else:
play_game(board, Human, movidx)

Output :
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

Minmax method :-
Input :
# Function for Disply the tic-tac-toe game
def printBoard(board):
print(' '+ board[1] + ' | ' + board[2] + ' | ' + board[3])
print('---+---+---')
print(' '+ board[4] + ' | ' + board[5] + ' | ' + board[6])
print('---+---+---')
print(' '+ board[7] + ' | ' + board[8] + ' | ' + board[9])
print("\n")

# Function to check if any place is empty or not

def spaceIsFree(position):
if board[position] == ' ':
return True
else:
return False

# Function for input

def insertLetter(letter, position):
if spaceIsFree(position):
board[position] = letter
printBoard(board)

# Disply the final Output

if (checkDraw()):
print("Draw!")
exit()
if checkForWin():
if letter == 'X':
print("Computer wins!")
exit()
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

else:
print("Player wins!")
exit()

return

else:
print("Can't insert there!")
position = int(input("Please enter new position: "))
insertLetter(letter, position)
return

# Function to check for a winning combination in the game

def checkForWin():
if (board[1] == board[2] and board[1] == board[3] and board[1] != ' '):
return True
elif (board[4] == board[5] and board[4] == board[6] and board[4] != ' '):
return True
elif (board[7] == board[8] and board[7] == board[9] and board[7] != ' '):
return True
elif (board[1] == board[4] and board[1] == board[7] and board[1] != ' '):
return True
elif (board[2] == board[5] and board[2] == board[8] and board[2] != ' '):
return True
elif (board[3] == board[6] and board[3] == board[9] and board[3] != ' '):
return True
elif (board[1] == board[5] and board[1] == board[9] and board[1] != ' '):
return True
elif (board[7] == board[5] and board[7] == board[3] and board[7] != ' '):
return True
else:
return False
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

def checkWhichMarkWon(mark):
if board[1] == board[2] and board[1] == board[3] and board[1] == mark:
return True
elif (board[4] == board[5] and board[4] == board[6] and board[4] == mark):
return True
elif (board[7] == board[8] and board[7] == board[9] and board[7] == mark):
return True
elif (board[1] == board[4] and board[1] == board[7] and board[1] == mark):
return True
elif (board[2] == board[5] and board[2] == board[8] and board[2] == mark):
return True
elif (board[3] == board[6] and board[3] == board[9] and board[3] == mark):
return True
elif (board[1] == board[5] and board[1] == board[9] and board[1] == mark):
return True
elif (board[7] == board[5] and board[7] == board[3] and board[7] == mark):
return True
else:
return False

# Function for the user's move

def checkDraw():
for key in board.keys():
if (board[key] == ' '):
return False
return True

def playerMove():
position = int(input("Enter the position for 'O': "))
insertLetter(player, position)
return
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

# Function for the computer's move

def compMove():
bestScore = -800
bestMove = 0
for key in board.keys():
if (board[key] == ' '):
board[key] = bot
score = minimax(board, 0, False)
board[key] = ' '
if (score > bestScore):
bestScore = score
bestMove = key

insertLetter(bot, bestMove)
return

# applying minmax method

def minimax(board, depth, isMaximizing):
if (checkWhichMarkWon(bot)):
return 1
elif (checkWhichMarkWon(player)):
return -1
elif (checkDraw()):
return 0

if (isMaximizing):
bestScore = -800
for key in board.keys():
if (board[key] == ' '):
board[key] = bot
score = minimax(board, depth + 1, False)
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

board[key] = ' '

if (score > bestScore):
bestScore = score
return bestScore

else:
bestScore = 800
for key in board.keys():
if (board[key] == ' '):
board[key] = player
score = minimax(board, depth + 1, True)
board[key] = ' '
if (score < bestScore):
bestScore = score
return bestScore

# Play the game

board = {1: ' ', 2: ' ', 3: ' ',
4: ' ', 5: ' ', 6: ' ',
7: ' ', 8: ' ', 9: ' '}

printBoard(board)
print("Computer goes first! Good luck.")
print("Positions are as follow:")
print("1, 2, 3 ")
print("4, 5, 6 ")
print("7, 8, 9 ")
print("\n")
player = 'O'
bot = 'X'

global firstComputerMove
Name – Raj Bhuva Enrollment no – 201310132060

firstComputerMove = True

while not checkForWin():

playerMove()
compMove()

Output :