CBLM Driving

COMPETENCY – BASED LEARNING
MATERIALS
Sector: AUTOMOTIVE AND LAND TRANSFORT SECTOR
Qualification: DRIVING NC II
Unit of Competency: DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE
Module Title: DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE
Developed by: Karlo N. Asico
Technical Education & Skills Development Authority

CASIFMAS
Sta Rosa, Del Norte, Pasacao, Camarines Sur
DRIVE
LIGHT
VEHICLE
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Welcome to the module in; Drive light Vehicle. This module

contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Drive light Vehicle.” contains

knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Driving NC II. It is one of
the specialized modules at National Certificates Level (NC II).
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in

order to complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning
outcome are Information Sheets and Resources Sheets (Reference
Materials for further reading to help you better understand the required
activities). Follow these activities on your own and answer the self-check
at the end of each learning outcome. You may remove a blank answer
sheet at the end of each module (or get one from your facilitator/trainer)
to write your answers for each self-check. If you have questions, don’t
hesitate to ask you facilitator for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills
covered in this learner’s guide because you have:
 been working for some time
 already completed training in this area
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a

particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally
recognized so you don’t have to do the same training again. If you have a
qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings, show
it to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant
to the unit/s of competency they may become part of the evidence you
can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your
skills, discuss this with your trainer.
At the end of this module is a Learner’s Diary. Use this diary to

record important dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that
will assist you in providing further details to your trainer or assessor. A
Record of Achievement is also provided for your trainer to complete
once you complete the module.
This module was prepared to help you achieve competency, in

Driving. This will be the source of information for you to acquire
knowledge and skills in this particular trade independently and at your
own pace, with minimum supervision or help from your trainer.
 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize
the Training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided
into sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to
successfully complete this module.
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in
section. Read information sheets and complete the self-check.
Suggested references are included to supplement the materials provided
in this module.
 Most probably your trainer will also by your supervisor or
manager. He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way
to do things.
 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important that you
listen and take notes.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and
practice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during
regular work shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and
memory and also your confidence.
 Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.
 Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test
your own progress.
 When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the
activities outline in this module.
 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on
your progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/pre-assessment reports for
this reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask
your trainer to mark on the reports that you are ready for institutional
assessment.
 When you have completed the institutional assessment, the
results of your assessment will be recorded in our competency
Achievement Record and Progress chart.
Competency Based-Learning Materials
Welcome!
The unit of competency, “Drive Light Vehicle ", is one of the

competencies of Driving NC II, a course which comprises the knowledge,
skills and attitudes required for a TVET trainer to possess.
The module, perform light vehicle pre-starting and warm up, drive
light vehicle, Monitor and maintain vehicle performance.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning

activities in order to complete each learning outcome (LO). In each
learning outcome are Information Sheets, Self-Checks and Job Sheets.
Follow and perform the activities on your own. If you have questions, do
not hesitate to ask for assistance from your facilitator.
Remember to:
 Read information sheets and complete the self-checks.

Suggested references are included to supplement the materials provided
in this module.
 Perform the Task Sheets and Job Sheets until you are confident
that your outputs conform to the Performance Criteria Checklist that
follows the sheets.
 Submit outputs of the Task Sheets and Job Sheets to your
facilitator for evaluation and recording in the Accomplishment Chart.
Outputs shall serve as your portfolio during the Institutional Competency
Evaluation. When you feel confident that you have had sufficient
practice, ask your trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment
will be recorded in your Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this

competency before moving to another competency. A Certificate of
Achievement will be awarded to you after passing the evaluation. You
need to complete this module before you can perform the other module.
Date Complied: Doc. No.

CBLM on Driving August 2019 Issued by:
NC II
Complied by: ASSAT-TESDA Page 1 of 43
Performing Light Virgie Lynn M.
Vehicle pre-starting and Mahilum
warm-up Revision No:
DRIVING NC II
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Competencies

NC II
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
1.1 Perform light

vehicle pre-
starting and
warm-up
Drive Light Vehicle
1
1.2 Drive light ALT832302
.
Vehicle
1.3 Monitor and
maintain vehicle
performance
Table of Contents
Acknowledgment.........................................................................................................i
How to use this Competency-Based Learning Material................................ii
Competency Base Learning Materials...............................................................1
DRIVING NC II CBLM - List of Competencies....................................................2
Module Content......................................................................................................3-8
Learning Outcome No. 1...................................................................................9-10
Learning Experiences LO1...................................................................................11
Information Sheet No. 1.1-1...........................................................................12-15
Self-Check No.1.1-1...............................................................................................16
Answer Key No.1.1-1...........................................................................................17
Information sheet No.1.1-2............................................................................18-19

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Self-check No.1.1-2................................................................................................20
Answer key No. 1.1-2...........................................................................................21
Information sheet No. 1.1-3..........................................................................22-23
Self-check No. 1.1-3...............................................................................................24
Answer key No. 1.1-3...........................................................................................25
Information sheet No.1.1-4............................................................................26-36
Self-check No. 1.1-4........................................................................................37-38
Answer key No. 1.1-4...........................................................................................39
Self-check No. 1.1-5...............................................................................................43
Answer key No. 1.1-5...........................................................................................44
Job sheet No. 1.1-5.........................................................................................45-51
Self-check No 1.1-6................................................................................................55
Answer key No. 1.1-6...........................................................................................56
Self-check No. 1.1-7..............................................................................................63
Answer key No. 1.1-7..........................................................................................64
Bibliography
Module Content
UNIT OF COMPETENCY :
DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE
MODULE TITLE:
DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE
Introduction
This unit involves the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to

drive a light vehicle safely including handling of passengers, systematic and
efficient control of all vehicle function, and performance and effective
management of hazardous situations.

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Learning Outcomes:
1. Perform light vehicle pre-starting and warm-up
2. Drive Light Vehicle
3. Monitor and maintain vehicle performance
Performance Criteria:
1. Perform Light vehicle pre-starting and warm-up

1.1 Vehicle inspection is performed as per manufacturer’s
specification.
1.2. Safety harness/devices and tools are checked according to
LTO/LTFRB requirements.
1.3. Warm up of light vehicle is performed as per manufacturer’s
manual.
2. Drive Light vehicle
2.1 Light Vehicle is driven in accordance with traffic rules and

regulations and manufacturer’s instruction.
2.2. Driving hazards are identified and/or anticipated and avoided or
controlled through defensive driving as per standard operating
procedures.
2.3. The Light Vehicle is parked, shut down and secured in
accordance with manufacturer’s specifications, traffic regulations and
workplace procedures.
2.4 Passengers and loads are transported up to the route assigned

and fares are collected as per LTFRB regulation.
2.5. Driving is performed according to the restriction and condition

stated in the official receipt license and within the occupational health
and safety standards (OHS).
2.6. Out-of line/anti carnapping clearance permit is secured as per

traffic rules and regulations.
3. Monitor and maintain vehicle performance

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3.1 Defective or irregular performance or malfunctions are monitored
and reported to the appropriate person/authority.
3.2 Minor vehicle maintenance is performed in accordance with

manufacturer’s instruction.
3.3 Vehicle records are maintained/updated in accordance with

workplace procedures.
LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome #1: Perform light vehicle pre-starting and war-up
Contents:
- Vehicle Parts, Accessories and Inspection
- Kinds of Safety Harness/Devices and Tools
- Proper Starting and Warm-up of Light Vehicle
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Vehicle safety devices and tools are inspected as per manufacturer’s

specification in accordance with LTO/LTFRB requirements.
2. Pre starting warm-up is performed in accordance with manufacturer’s

manual.

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CONDITIONS:
Student/Trainees must be provided with the following:
- Light Vehicle Unit

- Manufacturers specifications manual
- Vehicle owner’s operation manual
- LTO/LTFRB requirement manual
- Learning Module
METHODOLOGIES:
- Self paced learning

- Discussion
- Individual practice
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
- Interview
- Observation
- Demonstration
- Written test
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome #1: Perform light vehicle pre-starting and war-up
Learning activities Special Instructions
Read Information Sheet 2.1-1 Identifying Vehicle parts,

Vehicle parts, accessories and accessories and
Inspection Procedures Inspection Procedures
Answer Self-Check 2.1-1 Compare your answer with the

answer key. You are required
to get all answers correct. If
not, read information sheets

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again to answer all question
correctly.
Perform Task Sheet 2. 1-1 Refer to the performance criteria

check list to evaluate your
work.
Read Information Sheets 2.1-2 Identifying kinds of safety

Kinds of safety harness/devices and tools.
harness/devices and
tools
Answer Self-Check No. 2.1-2 Compare your answer with the

correctly.
Perform Task Sheet 2. 1-2 Refer to the performance criteria

work.
Read Information Sheets 2.1-3 Learning Proper starting and

Proper starting and warm- warm-up of light vehicle
up of light vehicle
Answer Self-Check No. 2.1-3 Compare your answer with the

correctly.
Perform Job Sheet 2. 1-3 Refer to the performance criteria

work.

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Information Sheet No. 2.1-1
Vehicle Inspection Procedure
Learning Objective:.
At the end of this session, you should be able to:
1. Identify the vehicles parts and accessories, and the proper

vehicle inspection procedure.
Introduction
A vehicle is a thing used for transporting people or goods,

especially on land, such as a car or truck. Before riding any vehicle, an
inspection is conducted to assure safety of the driver, the passengers and
the vehicle itself.
Vehicle Parts and Accessories
Air cleaner/filter: Air is drawn through it. It contains a filter that blocks
dirt before it can enter the engine.
Air intake manifold: Air is distributed into the combustion chamber.
Alternator: Takes over from the battery when the engine is running. It
recharges the battery and supplies power to all electrical components.

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Battery: Supplies the initial electrical power that starts the engine.
Carburetor: Most new cars now have fuel injected engines. Older vehicle
have carburetors. This gadget mixes air and fuel in the proper ratio for
burning in the engine’s combustion chambers.
Coolant reservoir (tank): Holds hot coolant (antifreeze) that overflows

from the radiator and also draws back into the radiator as it is needed.
Distributor: Distributes high voltage electricity to the spark plugs, one at

a time.
Exhaust manifold: Set of pipes, one for each cylinder that conducts
exhaust away from cylinders.
Fuel injection system: Sprays controlled amount of fuel directly into

either the intake manifold or combustion chambers, resulting in every
precise air to fuel ratio that improves fuel economy.
Muffler: The enterior “baffles” and tubes quiet the explosive release of
exhaust.
Suspension system: This system receives a great deal of punishment

from the roads. This system consists of shock absorbers, Struts, springs,
and motor mounts, tires, tie rods, ball joints, control arms, torsion bar,
struts rods, spindle, and axles.
Power steering reservoir: The reservoir contains fluid for your power
steering system. Once the reservoir cap is unscrewed the cap will consist
of a dip stick. This will identify the fluid levels.
Brake fluid reservoir: The brake fluid level can be inspected by the
plastic box or bottle by the fire wall on the driver side.
Disk brakes: A metal disk that spins with the wheel that the brake pad
uses to pressure against to stop.
Oil dip stick: The stick that’s used to check the level of the motor oil.
Rear Axle: A shaft that connects the power from the transmission to the
wheels.

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Complied by: ASSAT-TESDA Page 10 of
Performing Light Virgie Lynn M. 43
Radiator: The device that helps to remove heat from the cooling system
as coolant passes through it.
Timing Belt: Replace as Scheduled if applicable for your vehicle. Timing
belts are commonly used on Japanese cars. The timing belt is a rubber
belt that drive the engine’s internal components. The timing belt is not
easily visible and should be replaced at the indicated mileage and time
not on visual wear like a normal drive belt. If the timing belt breaks, the
engine stops and costly internal engine damage can occur. The water
pump on some vehicles is driven by the timing belt, and should be
replaced with the timing belt replacement. Consult owner’s manual or
ask the repair shop if this is the case on your car.
Some Other Parts & Accessories:
- Air brakes
- Air Cleaners
- Automotive wiring harness sets
- Axle housing and shafts
- Axles
- Ball joints
- Bearings
- Brakes drums
- Brakes and Brake parts
- Bumpers
- Camshafts
- Connecting rods
- Control equipment
- Crankshaft assemblies
- Cylinder heads
- Defrosters
- Differentials and parts
- Directional signals
- Drive shafts
- Exhaust systems and parts
- Filters: oil, fuel, and air
- Frames
- Fuel systems and parts
- Gas tanks
- Gears
- Heaters
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- Hoods
- Horns
- Lubrication system and parts
- Mufflers, exhausted
- Radiators and radiator shells and cores
- Rims, wheel
- Shock absorbers
- Steering mechanisms
- Thermostats
- Tie rods
- Tire valve cores
- Wheels, including fifth wheel
- Windshield frames
- Windshield wiper system
- Winter fronts

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Vehicle Inspection Procedure
Things to Check before Driving (BLOWBAGETS)
Prevention is better than cure as people say. You can prevent cat
problems by taking the necessary precautions. Here are the
things to check before you go out on a road trip. It is easy to
remember; all you have to spells out is B-L-O-W-B-A-G-E-T-
S.
Brakes – Before going on for a ride, check the brake fluid and
make sure it is performing at its maximum level. Check for
the brake pads and gas pedal if it is 100% okay. Check under
the car for obvious leaks. Driving with leaking fluid may
cause failure of the steering, brakes or radiator.
Light – Check engine light, headlight, brake light, and signal

light- if they are functioning well. Ask someone to stand
behind your car to check the lights. Turn on the car and
activate the directional signals, then apply the brakes and
put the car in reverse so the person can see if lights are
working properly. Ask the person to stand in front of the
vehicle, then turn on the headlights and activate the
directional signals.
Oil- Start up your engine and when the engine is already warm,
check the oil using a dipsticks. Remember that oil expands
when it is hot and contracts when it is cold, having you
different readings upon measurement. The oil should reach
the “full” mark to consider it good. Then, Check if there is an
oil leak.
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Water/Coolant – The water of the radiator should be full to
prevent overheating. Bring an extra container for refilling
purposes. Check if there is a water leak. You should also
check the windscreen washer bottle to make sure there is
enough supply.
Battery – Have the battery tested before trip. Although you can
have the battery tested by a mechanic, you can check for
obvious signs of corrosion on the terminals or for signs of
cracks or leaks. Have the battery fixed or replaced
immediately if you find anything wrong. Check the battery
terminals and the level of electrolyte liquid inside the cells.
Terminals should be kept clean while the liquid should reach
the metal plates or cells. Refill it with battery solution if
needed.
Air – Assess the air pressure of your tires, including the spare
tire, and make sure there are no bulges and holes. If the tire
treads are worn out, you have to change tire as soon as
possible. In a worst case scenario, a blown tire could cause
you to crash.

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Gas – Long trip or not, you have to make sure you have enough
gas by checking your gas gauge and refilling your reservoir.
Engine – Make sure that your engine is well tuned before you
drive. Always familiarized the sound of your engine. If you
hear any unnecessary noises upon starting, consult directly
your mechanic to avoid accidents.
Tires – make sure that your tires are still thick, including the
spare tire, and are inflated and serviceable and the jack is
present. It’s a good idea to check them periodically even if
you aren’t going on a long trip.
Self – The most important thing to check before driving is of

course yourself. Avoid driving when you are sleepy or under
the influence of drugs or alcohol. Make sure that you are
physically fit before you drive, especially when you’re going
on a long trip. Also, don’t forget to pray.

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Self-Check 2.1-1
1. What is the function of the alternator?
a.) Air is distributed into the combustion chamber
b.) Supplies the initial electrical power that starts the

engine
c.) Takes over from the battery when the engine is

running. It recharge the battery and supplies
power to all electrical components.
d. Distributed high voltage electricity to the

spark plugs, one at a time.
2. State at least 5 Vehicle Parts?
3. “BLOWBAGETS” stand for what?

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Answer Key 2.1-1
1. C
2. Bumpers, Fifth Wheels, Gas Tanks, Horns, Mufflers
3. Brake, Light, Oil, Water, Battery, Air, Gas, Engine, Tires, Self

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TASK SHEET 2.1-1
Title: Perform the Proper Vehicle

Inspection
Performance Objective: Given the necessary materials, you

should be able to perform the
proper vehicle inspection
Equipment: Light Vehicle
Steps/Procedure:
1. Prepare light vehicle for inspection
2. Secure the vehicle for safety
3. Follow the procedure “BLOWBAGETS”

Assessment Method:
Actual Assessment

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Performance Criteria 2.1-1
Trainee’s Name
Date:
Criteria YES NO
1. Is the OH&S) Occupational Health and

Safety observed at all time?
2. Is the trainee able to follow the proper

vehicle inspection procedure?
3. Is the trainee able to perform the

operation at the given time?

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Kinds of Safety Harness/Devices and Tools
Learning Objective:
1. Identify and know the kinds of Safety harness/devices and tools.
Driving a vehicle needs precautions and safety to avoid accidents.

However, no matter how cautious you are on the road, accidents happen.
This is why safety features and devices are made to avoid the accident from
happening.
Safety Features/Devices
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There are two types of safety features in vehicle –primary and
secondary. Primary safety feature are ones that help the driver
avoid having a crash (e.g. anti-lock brakes, traction control,
electronic stability control). Some technology, like some collision
Warning Systems, are active features because the system will
start engaging the brakes if is senses that the driver is not taking
action to slow down. Secondary safety features are ones that help
reduce the consequences of a crash such as airbags and body
engineering that directs the force of a crash away from the
occupants. Some safety features include;
- Airbags – are there to stop and other vehicle occupants from

hitting hard parts of the car in moderate to severe crashes.
Its placement can range from only in the dashboard, to the
knee well, the door pillar. Curtain airbag (an airbag that
inflates and covers the side window) can help reduce
injuries in rollover and side impact crashes if they stay
inflated for a slightly longer time than normal.
-
- Seatbelts – stop people from being thrown out of a crashed
vehicle and from hitting some parts of the interior when
they are thrown forward. Some seatbelts can be adjusted so
that the shoulder strap is at the correct height for the
person in the seat.
- Seatbelt reminders – are a simple safety feature designed

to remind people in the vehicle to put on their seatbelt. They
can vary from being a reminder symbol that lights up to
being an audible tone that continues until every person in
the vehicle has put on their seatbelt.
- Head protection with soft material in headrest and

vehicle side pillar – where possible softer material that will
absorb the impact of a person’s head is used in places
where it could impact with the interior of the vehicle during
a crash.

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- Adjustable mirrors – help the drive monitor what is
happening and make it safer to change lanes if they are
correctly adjusted.
- Anti-lock brakes – when a crash happens, the driver often

brakes suddenly and forcefully. This can cause the brakes
to lock and skidding to occur. If a driver whose vehicle does
not have anti-lock brakes are designed to stop this from
happening as they carry out the pumping action instead of
the driver.
- Traction control – is used to stop the wheels from spinning

or slipping if the drive applies too much power.
- Electronic stability control – works alongside anti-lock

brakes, and is designed to help the driver keep control of
the vehicle (usually in emergency situations) to stop it from
spinning out of control. It does this by selectively braking
individual wheels and reducing engine torque to bring the
vehicle back on course. It has been found to be very effective
in reducing deaths, and will be compulsory in new vehicles
in some countries in the near future.
Important Tools & Supplies
Your car is like your second home. So, before driving make sure
that you have your tools/supplies prepared and are properly
kept in your car for emergency purposes. Here are some of the
most important tools that you should keep:
1. Multi-head screwdriver – keep decent multi-head

screwdriver with a wide assortment of screwdriver heads in
your car and you’ll be prepared to tighten any loose.
2. Adjustable Wrench – If screws aren’t holding it together

then nuts and bolts almost certainly are.
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3. Pliers – Your hands are not the most effective tool for
gripping and maneuvering small objects.
4. Hammer – The single greatest tools of all time has an

infinite set of practical applications. A good old 16 oz
claw hammer will provide a lifetime of reliable service.
5. Hydraulic Jack – Changing tires is not an easy job. You

can’t possibly change your busted tires without the help of
the jack.
6. Tire inflator and sealer – can plug a leak just enough to

get you to the auto shop.
7. Jumper cables – Just in case your battery dies and you

need to power up your engine through an external source.
8. Tire pressure gauge – Checking tire pressure on a regular

basis can improve handling, increase fuel economy,
promote tire longevity, and even save lives.
9. Tire Wrench – a type of socket wrench used to loosen and

tighten lug nuts on automobile wheels.

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10. Reflective Triangle/Early Warning device – Alerts
incoming cars if ever you are having some trouble with
your vehicle (flat tire, engine breakdown, etc.).
Some supplies that you might need in case of emergency:
1. First Aid Kit – When you or someone you care about gets
injured, a basic first aid kit becomes the single most
important thing you own.
2. Multi-Use Car Charger – Some multi use car chargers

allow you to charge up to four devices at once. This unit
turns one auto cigarette lighter port into two, has two USB
charging ports, and provides a heavy-duty 20 amp.
Capacity. Now you can charge your phone and other
electronics on the go.
3. Duct Tape – If it’s moving and it shouldn’t be, duct tape it may very
well be the second greatest invention after the hammer.
4. Work Gloves– Unfortunately, human hands are covered with fragile skin just like

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5. Flashlight – Always keep a flashlight in your automobile in case your battery is
6. Small Fire Extinguisher– it is a must that you keep a fire extinguisher in your car
7. Bungee Cords– Tie things down, wrap things together. Bungee cords are like gian
8. Water– You can drink it when you’re thirsty, use it as a cleaning/rinsing agent; po
Self-Check 2.1-2
1. What is the main purpose of seatbelts?
a.) To stop you and other vehicle occupants from

sleeping
b.) To stop people from being thrown out of a crashed

vehicle and from hitting some parts of the
interior when they are thrown forward.
c.) Absorb the impact of a person’s head

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d.) Help the driver monitor what is happening
2. State at least 3 Safety features/devices of a vehicle
3. State at least 5 important tools to be kept in a vehicle.
Answer Key 2.1-2
1. B
2. Airbag, Seatbelt, Adjustable Mirrors
3. Pliers, Hammer, Jumper cable, Tire pressure gauge,

Hydraulic jack

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TASK SHEET 2.1-2
Title: Identify Vehicle Tools and its

Function

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should be able to identify and
give the functions of the tools
shown/presented
Tools:
Equipment:
- Multi-head Screwdriver
- Adjusted Wrench
- Pliers
- Hammer
- Hydraulic Jack
- Tire Inflator and Sealer
- Jumper Cables
- Tire Pressure Gauge
- Tire Wrench
- Early Warning Device
Steps/Procedure:
1. Prepare tools
2. Identify tools shown/presented and give its function

Assessment Method:
Actual Assessment

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Trainee’s Name
Date:
Criteria YES NO

2. Is the trainee able to identify and give the

functions of the tools shown/presented?


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Proper Starting and Warm-up of Light Vehicles
Learning Objective:
1. Learn the proper starting and warming-up of a light vehicle.
To assure the proper performance of the vehicle, it should be properly

started and warmed-up to avoid any inconvenience on the road.
Proper Starting of Car
Starting a car for the first time can be a challenge especially

when you’re just learning to drive. Luckily, the process for
starting a car is designed to be easy, whether your car has an
automatic or a manual transmission.
Starting a Car:
1. Get in the driver’s seat and buckle up. Put on your seat belt.
Do not drive without wearing a seatbelt!

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2. Insert the key into the ignition. The ignition point is often
located near the steering wheel. It looks like a round piece of
metal, often with writing on it, with a keyhole in the center of
it. Insert the key all the way into the ignition after you find it.
For most vehicles, you will need to take the key that came
with the vehicle. You can usually also use a copy, provided it
has been made properly. Some newer model cars may not
have a traditional key. You will need to find a button to start
the car on these vehicles; this is usually labeled something
like “engine start” and placed in a conspicuous location.
3. If you’re starting an automatic car, put the shift selector in

either the “P” or “N” position. “Automatic” refers to a car’s
transmission. It means that you don’t have to do the shifting
yourself – the car does it automatically. If the car has an
automatic transmission, there will be only two pedals. In
some automatic cars are flat rubber pad is place on the far
left of the driver’s foot area; this is a “dead pedal” meant to be
place to rest your foot and is not a pedal. Automatic
transmission cars have a device called a neutral safety
switch that prevents the starter from engaging unless the
shift selector is in the “P” of “N” position (“Park” or
“Neutral”). This prevents the car from starting in gear.
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4. If you’re starting a car with a manual transmission, put the
shift selector in “N” or neutral. If the car has a manual
transmission, the car will have three pedals; the far left is the
clutch pedal. It is important to make sure the transmission is
in neutral – meaning that none of the gears are engaged –
before attempting to start the car. If the car is “in gear” or
sending power from the engine through the transmission to
the wheels when the engine starts, the car will lurch when
starting up and then stall. Damage to transmissions can also
occur in some vehicles if they are started in gear. You can
verify that a manual transmission is in neutral by lightly
jigging the shifter; if it moves freely, then the transmission is
not in gear. If the shifter is stuck, as if in a notch, then the
car is in gear. While pressing the clutch with your foot, move
the gear shifter out of gear before starting the car.
5. Twist the ignition key to start the car. You will have to rotate
the key past two stops and push against a spring-loaded
third and final stop to start the car. Use the same hand that

NC II
you used to insert the key, and make sure you don’t pull the
key out while twisting it. Release the key just after twisting to
the ignition point. If you keep the key turned as far as it will
go after the engine is running, you will hear a very ugly
grinding sound which comes from the gears in the starter
and the gears in the engine grinding together. This is of
course very bad for the car. The first two notches are labelled
“ACC” for ‘accessories and the second labelled ‘ON”. The first
position enables usage of the radio and other electrical
accessories; the ‘ON” position is the position that the key
springs back to after pressing against the ignition.
6. If the engine won’t start, try these tricks in order. Sometimes,

after turning your key in the ignition, a perfectly working car
will fail to start. Don’t worry, it’s not the end of the world. If
the key will not move past the first or second notch and the
steering wheel will not move, the car has a steering lock
engaged. A steering lock is a safety device designed to help
make sure the car doesn’t start unattended. On these cars
you may have to jiggle or shake the steering wheel back and
forth a little to allow the keys to turn. If the car will not start,
try pressing firmly on the brake pedal and/or clutch pedal
while then turning the key. This is a feature with some newer
cars intended to prevent them from taking off unpredictably
when they are turned on. If the car still will not start, try
turning the key in the other direction. Some older cars may
not follow the same conventions as modern cars.

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7. Be careful shifting into gear. Some (not all) manual
transmission cars are equipped with a clutch safety switch
which interrupts the electricity to the starter unless the
clutch is fully depressed; this means that the clutch pedal
must be pressed for the car to start. Once the engine is
running, do not release the clutch suddenly with the engine
in gear and no pressure on the accelerator; this will result in
sudden vehicle movement and move likely stall the engine,
causing it to suddenly stop running. You can prevent this
from happening by ensuring that the car is not in gear before
starting (using the gearshift-jiggling method above).
8 Look into your mirrors to avoid any people, objects, or cars,

and drive safety. Be sure to follow the rules of the road, and
be a defensive driver.

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Troubleshooting If the Car Won’t Start
1. Know that cars may refuse to start for any number of reasons.
Consult your car’s manual and take your car to mechanic if
at all possible. If you really have to get somewhere or if you
do not have access to a mechanic you can troubleshoot your
car yourself.

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2. Learn how to start a car in very cold weather. If the car will not
start it is very cold outside, you may need to ‘pump the gas”
or add additional fuel to the engine to make it easier to start.
Whether you do or not depends on whether your car has a
fuel injected or a carburetor engine. If the car was made
before 1990, assume the car has a carburetor. A carburetor
is a mechanical device that mixes air and fuel and feeds it
into the engine. On these cars, “pump the gas in causes the
carburetor to release a small amount of fuel into the engine.
Each time you depress the gas pedal on a car equipped with
a carburetor, more liquid gas will be squirted into the engine.
Be careful when you are pumping the gas on a cold car.
Adding to much gas before a start may “flood” the engine,
filling it with too much fuel and too little air to ignite properly
since liquid fuel does not easily burn. If the engine has been
flooded, press the gas pedal fully to the floor and crank the
engine over. A fully depressed pedal will allow extra air into
the engine to dry out the extra fuel. You may have to crank
the engine longer than normal to get it to start. When it
starts, release the gas.
3. If your car will not “turn over” or crank, consider jumping the
battery or replacing it. Dead batteries are by far the most
common reason that engines won’t start. In order to get your
car running again, you’ll want to change out a dead battery
and replace it with a new one.

NC II
4. If the car makes clicking noises but will not start, consider
replacing the alternator. You or your mechanic can perform a
simple test to figure out if your alternator needs to be
replaced.
5. If the car’s battery and alternator are good but the car will not
start, consider replacing the starter. This is a repair that you
or your mechanic can perform.

NC II
Self-Check 2.1-3
1. What is the first thing to do in starting a car?
2. What are the three pedals in a car with manual transmission?
3. What does “R” mean in the shift selector?

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Answer key 2.1-3
1. Get in the driver’s seat and buckle up.
2. Clutch, Brake, Accelerator
3. Reverse

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JOB SHEET 2.1-3
Title: Perform Proper Starting of a Vehicle

should be able to learn the proper
starting of a vehicle
Equipment: Light Vehicle
Steps/Procedure:
1. Prepare light vehicle
2. Secure the vehicle for safey
3. Follow the procedure in “Proper Starting of a Car”

Assessment Method:
Actual Assessment

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Trainee’s Name
Date:
Criteria YES NO

2. Is the trainee able to follow the proper

starting of a vehicle?


NC II
BIBLIOGRAPHY
“Basic Guide to Program Evaluation.” Available at

http://managementhelp.org/evaluatn/fnl_eval.htm
“Providing Feedback .” Available.” at

http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/fd/feedback.htm
“What is a Training Plan? Available at

http://www.skills.vic.gov.au/for-business/recruiting/training/plan
“ Student Career Experience Program (SCEP)” Available at

http://www.fms.treas.gov/hrd/students/scep.html
Tinio, Eloisa P., ed. TM Learning Modules , Philippines

NC II

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COMPETENCY – BASED LEARNING

Sector: AUTOMOTIVE AND LAND TRANSFORT SECTOR

Unit of Competency: DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE

Module Title: DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE

Developed by: Karlo N. Asico

Technical Education & Skills Development Authority

Welcome to the module in; Drive light Vehicle. This module

The unit of competency “Drive light Vehicle.” contains

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a

At the end of this module is a Learner’s Diary. Use this diary to

This module was prepared to help you achieve competency, in

The unit of competency, “Drive Light Vehicle ", is one of the

In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning

 Read information sheets and complete the self-checks.

You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this

Date Complied: Doc. No.

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

Date Complied: Doc. No.

1.1 Perform light

Date Complied: Doc. No.

This unit involves the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to

Date Complied: Doc. No.

1. Perform light vehicle pre-starting and warm-up

2. Drive Light Vehicle

3. Monitor and maintain vehicle performance

1. Perform Light vehicle pre-starting and warm-up

2. Drive Light vehicle

2.1 Light Vehicle is driven in accordance with traffic rules and

2.4 Passengers and loads are transported up to the route assigned

2.5. Driving is performed according to the restriction and condition

2.6. Out-of line/anti carnapping clearance permit is secured as per

3. Monitor and maintain vehicle performance

Date Complied: Doc. No.

3.2 Minor vehicle maintenance is performed in accordance with

3.3 Vehicle records are maintained/updated in accordance with

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

1. Vehicle safety devices and tools are inspected as per manufacturer’s

2. Pre starting warm-up is performed in accordance with manufacturer’s

Date Complied: Doc. No.

Student/Trainees must be provided with the following:

- Light Vehicle Unit

- Self paced learning

Learning Outcome #1: Perform light vehicle pre-starting and war-up

Learning activities Special Instructions

Read Information Sheet 2.1-1 Identifying Vehicle parts,

Answer Self-Check 2.1-1 Compare your answer with the

Date Complied: Doc. No.

Perform Task Sheet 2. 1-1 Refer to the performance criteria

Read Information Sheets 2.1-2 Identifying kinds of safety

Answer Self-Check No. 2.1-2 Compare your answer with the

Perform Task Sheet 2. 1-2 Refer to the performance criteria

Read Information Sheets 2.1-3 Learning Proper starting and

Answer Self-Check No. 2.1-3 Compare your answer with the

Perform Job Sheet 2. 1-3 Refer to the performance criteria

Date Complied: Doc. No.

At the end of this session, you should be able to: