TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCE

NAGARJUNA COLLEGE OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

Report on Software Project Management

Submitted to:

The

Department of Computer Application

Nagarjuna College of Information

Technology

A partial fulfilment of final examination of Software Project

Management.

Submitted By:

Ranjita Maharjan

Roll No.:7

BCA 7 sem

Submitted to:

Sudarshan Sharma
 January 2023

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCE
NAGARJUNA COLLEGE OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

We certify that “this project is satisfactory in the scope and use of computer
application in the practical fulfilment for the requirement of BCA 7th
semester of Software Project Management”.

Evaluation Committee

Program Director Mr. Binod Shrestha

Nagarjuna College of Information Department of Humanities

Technology and Social Science

(External Examiner) (Internal Examiner)

Date: Date:

Lab: 1 Planning
The project plan describes the cost, scope, and schedule for the project. It lays out exactly what
activities and tasks will be required, as well as the resources needed, from personnel to equipment
to financing, and where they can be acquired. Good project planning also factors in risk and how
to manage it, including contingency plans, and details a communication strategy to keep all
stakeholders up to date and on board.

1. Project Selection:

This project is “E commerce System” for online seller and buyer. This system provides the
advantages of online shopping to customers as a real shop. Online shopping system, customer
need not go to the shop for buying the products. Customer can order the product he/she wishes to
buy through the application in Smart Phone .It helps buying the products in the shop anywhere
through internet. The user can add the desired product into his cart by clicking add to cart option
on the product. He can view his cart by clicking on the cart button. All products added by cart can
be view in the cart. User can remove an item from the cart by clicking remove.

After confirming the items in the cart the user can submit the cart by providing a delivery address.
On successful submitting the cart will become empty. Thus the customer will get the service of
online shopping and home delivery from his favorite shop.

2. Identify the scope

 All category items product are available in the same platform.

 Make a fixed range of market price for all similar product

 Provide online platform for both buyer and seller.

 No Third party involved.

3.Analysis

The requirement analysis consists of two basic requirements i.e. functional and non-function
requirement which are listed below:-
Functional Requirement

For user
  User Login,logout
 Registration new user
 Purchasing an Item
 add to cart
 make a payment
For admin
 User Login,logout
 Manage order
 Manage product
 Manage User
Non-Functional Requirement
 Security:
 Usability

4. Project and Activities

Firstly WBS is done. That is break down the project work. Large Project into small small project
and design the small portion of the project .Apply the Model the which is suited for developed.
Develop the project the according gathering requirement of the client. After designed by fronted
developer ,coding is started by back end developer .After coding Testing,verification is started d
by QA.

5. Risk Occurred:
 Staff may drop the project
 Estimate budget is not enough
 Client may drop the project.
 Maintain cost higher then Estimated
 Competitor undercut prices

6. Allocated Resource
Many resource are allocated for developing the whole project Resource like human resource that
is team leader, front end developer, back end developer, QA, Business Analyst. Technical
Resource may be hardware ,software, etc
Lab:2 Risk Management
Different risk may occurred in our time-frame risk may be:
Risk Exposure = Probability * Impact
where, probability mean chance of risk occurred and impact in the project.

S.N Risk Occurred Probability Impact Risk Exposure

1 Client may drop the project. 0.05 50000 2500

2 Competitor undercut prices 0.15 15000 2250

3 Estimate budget is not enough 0.05 30000 1500

4 Staff may drop the project 0.1 15000 1500

5 Maintain cost higher then Estimated 0.1 10000 1000

Lab:3
1. Creating Gantt chart in Microsoft Project
1.1 Inserting Task in MS Project
1. Open MS Project and create a new blank project.
2. From the view options, choose Gantt Chart option as shown below:
3. Add the tasks in the Task Name column of the sheet. You can either copy & paste the tasks
from another list or click in the text field and type the name of each task. It is suggest to list the
task in progressive order to keep the project organized.
Currently, Gantt chart will not appear as the time parameter is yet to be added to the task list.
1.2 Creating task hierarchy
After the tasks have been input in order, we can put hierarchy in the task using indentation. We
can either indent a task or outdent a task using the icons in Schedule section of the Task menu bar.

As our task list is in its normal state, no tasks can be outdented. We can create subtasks by
indenting the desired tasks. When we indent a task, it becomes the subtask of the task above it.
The more a task is indented the more its hierarchy decreases.
1.3 Defining duration, start & end dates
Defining start date and finish date are similar processes with a.

 Click on the start or finish date, then you can either enter the date manually or select one
from the date picker.

 After, selecting the start and end date, the duration will be automatically calculated based
on the work-time provided.
  An alternative way of entering start and finish is to enter one of them and enter the
estimated duration required to complete the task and the corresponding date will be
automatically updated.

 After assigning start and finish date for all of the tasks, the gantt chart will be created on
the right hand side as shown in the figure below.

However, it is not an accurate gantt chart as it does not include linkages.

2: Adding Predecessors, Priority, Lag and Managing Dependencies

2.1 Adding Predecessors
We can add predecessors to tasks, simply by adding the task number in the predecessor’s
column. Task number of the predecessor task or tasks is typed into the predecessor column
corresponding to the dependent task. This adds the simple finish-to-start dependency between the
tasks. This linkage can also be seen in the Gantt chart.
2.2 Adding Priorities
To add priority we have to add new column in the sheet. The Add New Column can be found at
the end of the column in the sheet.

After clicking on Add New Column, we will get a list of options to choose from; among them we
choose the Priority option to create a new column for Priority.
After the priority column is created, we can provide desired priority points to each task as
required.
Adding priority does not bring any changes to the Gantt chart.

2.3 Managing Dependencies and defining Lag

We added priority and predecessors using the columns in the sheet. However, we can double click
on the task for more detailed control on the dependencies and other aspects of the task. It will
open a Task menu containing tabs like General, Predecessors, Resources, and so on.
To manage the types of dependencies and define lag, click on the Predecessors tab. It will provide
us with a sheet containing the list of predecessors along with its type and lag.
We can define the type of dependency and add desired amount of lag from this window.
3:

Allocating Resources to Task

3.1 Creating Resource Pool
To create a resource pool, we first need to access the resource sheet. To access resource sheet,
click on the view options or Gantt chart on top left corner of the menu ribbon. This will bring a
drop down menu with different view options choose Resource Sheet.

Now, we add the resources by filling in the necessary details related to the resource. For this lab
work, we used employees as resources and after entering required data, it looks like the following:
The sheet shows the list of available resources during the project along with their respective
details.
Now, we again choose Gantt chart from the view menu options and input desired resource names
for each task in the Resource Names column. We can also assign multiple resources to a single
task. After the resource allocation, our sheets look as following:
4: Defining and Adjusting Work Time
To make any changes related to work time, we go to the Project tab on the menu bar. Then we
click on Change Working Time. This opens up a dialog box named ‘Change Working Time,’
where we can manage, edit or adjust anything related to the work time of the project.

4.1 Creating a new calendar

From the Change Working Time dialog box, we can adjust time on the standard calendar or create
a new calendar. To create a new calendar click on Create New Calendar on the top right corner.
This will open a dialog box asking how we want to create the new calendar. This will open a new
dialog box which will allow us to change calendar defaults.
4.2 Changing Work Time defaults
Certain schedule elements such as start of the day, work start time, work end time, hours per day,
etc. are set at a default value. The default values can be adjusted as per our preferences. To
change defaults, click on Options button at the bottom right for the Change Working Time dialog
box.

4.3 Adding exceptions and holidays to the calendar

To add any exceptions or holidays to the calendar, we simply list down the exceptions in the
exception sheet of Change Working Time dialog box. We have to input the name of the exception
along with its start date and finish date.
We can also insert additional details to the exceptions such as half-day work, recurrence pattern or
range of recurrence. This can be done by simply double clicking on the exception’s name or
clicking on the Details button present on the right side.

5: Inserting Progress of each Tasks

To add progress details for tasks we add a new column. This process is similar to adding priority.
Click on add new column in the Gantt chart view then select ‘% Work Complete.’ In this field we
can add the percentage of work completed of each task.

In the chart, the dark line in the task bar represent task progress.

6: Critical Task, Slack and Late Tasks

Discovering critical task, slack and late task is a child’s play in Microsoft Project. For this, we go
to Format menu on Gantt chart view then on bar styles tick the desired option among cirtical task,
slack and late tasks.

After we tick the desired options, the output shows in Gantt chart.
In above Gantt chart, the task bar with stars at its start and end are the critical tasks and the task
bar with circled down symbol are late tasks. Similarly, the lines that extend for some taskbars are
slack.
7: Generating Report
Preparing reports is also an easy tasks with the feature of Microsoft Project. To prepare report, we
go to Report menu then select the desired report. The report can be an overview report or related
to resources, costs or progress.

An example of report (work overview) is as following:

8: Critical Path Numerical
For this lab we solved two critical path numerical using Microsoft Project.
Numerical 1:

Activity Preceding Activity Duration(weeks)

1 - 2
2 1 3
3 2 3
4 2 7
5 2 6
6 4,3 1
7 4,5 5
8 6,7 4
9 7 8
10 8,9 2

For finding critical path, we just enter the given details on Project sheet as follows:
Here, the darker shades represent critical path. Hence, the critical path is 1→2→4→7→9→10.

Numerical 2:
Activity Preceding Activity Duration(days)
A - 3
B A 5
C A 2
D B 5
E C 1
F C 2
G D,E 4
H F,G 3
Hence, the critical path is 1->2->4->7->8 or A→B→D→G→H.
Lab 4:
Git and Github
Git and GitHub are two different entities that help you manage and host files. In other
words, Git serves to control file versions while GitHub is a platform for hosting Git
repositories.

1. git status
While working on git, we need to know what the state of our folders, files and
repositories. This details are provided by ‘git status’
2. git init
Before doing anything on git, we first have to create a repository and git init allows us to
do so.

When we first check git status on a random folder on our PC, we get the message that it is
not a repository. Hence any work done here is not stored on the GitHub. So, the first step
is to make the folder a repository using ‘git init.’

Here, ‘git init’ has create a local repository on our PC. Now if we use git init, it gives us
details on the files present on our repositories.

3. git remote add origin <…>

To place the project or files on github, we have to create a remote origin or remote
repository to store the files from local repository. To do so, we register and login on
github.com. After login, we click on the ‘+’ sign near profile to open a drag down menu,
from which we select new repository.

This opens up a form asking for details regarding the new repository like the following:

In the ‘Repository name’ it is suggested to provide the project name for convenience and
effectiveness. After filling the form, click the ‘Create repository’ button and our remote
repository is ready. Now, we add the local repository to the remote repository using git
remote add origin <…>.
Here, ‘origin’ is the name of the remote repository and
‘[email protected]:ranjita088/excel_file.git’ is the link to the repository.

4. git remote
We use git remote, to check the available or connected remote repositories.

5. git add <…>

We have created both local and remote repository but our repository is still empty. To add
files to be tracked to our repository, we first use git add <…> to get them ready or staged.

We have now added or staged the file ‘tings to do.txt’ for the repository. The results can
be seen after using git status. However, the file is still not tracked or present on the
repository.

6. git commit
After files or changes are finalized and are ready to be added to the main source or remote
repository. They are committed using git commit. This means the files are now added to
the repository. But it is still only on the local repository.
Here, -m is an argument used to pass message related to the changes we are saving or
committing. This case the message or remarks is “things to do.”

7. git push –u origin <…>

Whenever we want to upload the changes or files to the main source or remote repository
on github, we use git push.

Here, ‘origin’ is the name of the remote repository and ‘master’ is the name of local
repository. Hence, the command git push –u origin master means pushing the files and
changes to the repository named ‘origin’ from the local repository named ‘master’