The Dual Alliance was a binding military alliance between Germany and
Austria-Hungary. It required each signatory to support the other if one
was attacked by Russia. It was signed after the collapse of the Three
Emperors' League and during a period of Austro-Russian tension in the
Balkans.
After Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia came to Serbia's
aid. This led to Germany joining the war to defend Austria-Hungary and
then France and England joining to defend Russia. Due to the alliance
system, a war between two nations turned into war throughout an entire
continent.
Dual Alliance (1879)
The dissolution of the Three Emperor's League left Germany and
Austria-Hungary to sign an alliance against Russia (1879). This was a
major shift in German history. Austria and Prussia had for centuries been
the principal German states and often at odds with each other. The Dual
Alliance created what was to be an enduring security relationship
between the two countries. For Bismarck it provided a critical security
arrangement for the new German Empire. For Austria it provided
important security Arrangements from its Its Powerful northern
neighbour. The new relationship was called the Dual Alliance. The
Alliance was a defensive military alliance which was activated only if one
of the two counties was attacked. There were five articles to the treaty.
The first was the most important. "Should, contrary to their hope, and
against the loyal desire of the two High Contracting Parties, one of the
two Empires be attacked by Russia the High Contracting Parties are
bound to come to the assistance one of the other with the whole war
strength of their Empires, and accordingly only to conclude peace
together and upon mutual agreement."