NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 10

NOVEMBER 2018

LIFE SCIENCES P1

MARKS: 150

TIME: 2½ hours

This question paper consists of 13 pages.

2 LIFE SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.

1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Write ALL the answers in your ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start the answer to EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in

this question paper.

5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.

6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink.

7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts only when asked to do so.

8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.

9. Do NOT use graph paper.

10. You may use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass

where necessary.

11. Round off all calculations to two decimals after the comma.

12. Write neatly and legibly.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) LIFE SCIENCES P1 3

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following

questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A‒D) next to
the question numbers (1.1.1‒1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example
1.1.10 D.

1.1.1 Glucose and fructose are examples of …

A proteins.
B monosaccharides.
C disaccharides.
D polysaccharides.

1.1.2 The non-protein organic partners of enzymes are …

A catalysts.
B co-enzymes.
C pro-enzymes.
D enzyme complex.

1.1.3 The process of osmosis may be described as the movement of …

A molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of

low concentration.
B a solvent through a differentially permeable membrane.
C a solute through a differentially permeable membrane.
D a solute moving from a region of high concentration to a region
of low concentration.

1.1.4 The following is true of enzymes, except …

A enzymes are denatured at extreme temperatures.

B enzymes are denatured at extremes of pH.
C enzymes are used up in chemical reactions.
D enzymes control and regulate all chemical reactions that take
place in a cell.

1.1.5 The following does NOT apply to xylem vessels:

A Long cylindrical cells

B Perforated cross walls or completely absent
C Thick cell walls containing lignin
D Mature cells having a well-defined nucleus

Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 LIFE SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)

1.1.6 The tissue between the upper and lower epidermis in leaves is
known as …

A cuticle.
B mesophyll.
C stoma.
D axillary.

1.1.7 In plants with floating leaves, stomata are found …

A only on lower epidermis.

B only on upper epidermis.
C on upper and lower epidermis.
D on neither upper nor lower epidermis.

1.1.8 Epithelium tissue lining the mouth and lungs is known as … tissue.

A cuboidal
B columnar
C ciliated columnar
D squamous (8 x 2) (16)

1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write
only the term next to the question number (1.2.1‒1.2.7) in the ANSWER
BOOK.

1.2.1 Plastids that contain a yellow or orange pigment

1.2.2 Cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes

1.2.3 Process of the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms

1.2.4 Cells that form the cork cambium of stems

1.2.5 Controls inherited characteristics from parent to offspring

1.2.6 Tissue that transports organic food in a plant

1.2.7 Organic catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions (7 x 2) (14)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) LIFE SCIENCES P1 5

1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN A applies to A ONLY,

B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN B. Write A only,
B only, both A and B, or none next to the question number (1.3.1‒1.3.7) in the
ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.3.1 Excessive nutrients in water A: Chlorosis
which cause dense growth B: Eutrophication
of plants
1.3.2 Involuntary muscle tissue A: Cardiac
B: Striated
1.3.3 Reduces friction between A: Hyaline cartilage
bones at joints B: Yellow elastic cartilage
1.3.4 Enzymes that break down A: Proteases
dietary fats B: Lipases
1.3.5 New rings of secondary A: Annual rings
xylem in stems B: Cambium rings
1.3.6 Mammalian tissue A: Muscle
B: Blood
1.3.7 Large, differentiated cells A: Meristematic tissue
found in plant organs B: Permanent tissue
(7 x 2) (14)

1.4 Study the diagrams below of food tests on organic compounds. Answer the
questions that follow.

[Source: www.tes.com/teaching-resource]

1.4.1 Which organic compound is being tested in?

(a) A

(b) B (2)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 LIFE SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)

1.4.2 Name the chemical used to test for sugar. (1)

1.4.3 Give the positive colour changes for the following:

(a) A

(b) C

(c) D (3)

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) LIFE SCIENCES P1 7

SECTION B

QUESTION 2

2.1 Study the diagrams below of animal tissue and answer the questions that
follow.

A
1
B

2 8 9
7
3

4
5

6 10
11
[Source: www.termandhistology.wordpress.com] [Source: www.slideplayer.com]

2.1.1 Identify A and B. (2)

2.1.2 Provide labels for structures 3, 4, 8 and 10. (4)

2.1.3 Give ONE function of cell A. (1)

2.1.4 Give the NUMBER of the structure that:

(a) Transports oxygen in the body (1)

(b) Defends the body against viruses and bacteria (1)

2.1.5 Discuss the effect on the body if tissue A is damaged. (3)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 LIFE SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)

2.2 Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow

T/S dicotyledonous root Root hair

[Source: Plant-struktuur.weebly.com] [Source: www.sliderbase.com]

2.2.1 Provide labels for 1 and 2. (2)

2.2.2 Give the number of the tissue that:

(a) Gives rise to side/lateral roots (1)

(b) Transports organic food in the plant (1)

(c) Stores starch in the root (1)

(d) Transports water in the plant (1)

2.2.3 Give ONE way in which the root hair is structurally adapted for its
function. (2)

2.2.4 Does the root hair have a cuticle? Give a reason for this. (3)

2.2.5 Predict what would happen if root hairs were not there at all. (2)

2.3 A scientist wanted to investigate whether light is required for the germination
of seeds. She filled two plant pots of the same size with equal amounts of
soil.

Pot 1 was labelled ‘LIGHT’ and Pot 2 ‘DARK’. Five lettuce seeds were planted
in each of the pots. Both plants were given sufficient water.
Pot 1 was put in direct sunlight. A cardboard box was placed over Pot 2
and no light was allowed to enter.

2.3.1 Write down a hypothesis for the investigation. (2)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) LIFE SCIENCES P1 9

2.3.2 Identify the:

(a) Independent variable (1)

(b) Dependent variable (1)

2.3.3 List TWO variables that were kept constant. (2)

2.3.4 Suggest TWO ways in which the reliability of this experiment could
be improved. (2)

2.4 Study the graphs below of transpiration rates in different environmental

conditions and answer the questions that follow.

[Source: www.albet.io]

2.4.1 What does the term transpiration mean? (2)

2.4.2 Study graph A. What can you deduce about the relationship
between temperature and transpiration rate? (2)

2.4.3 In graph C, explain the shape of the graph at X. (3)

[40]

Copyright reserved Please turn over

10 LIFE SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)

QUESTION 3

3.1 The root of an onion is a rapidly growing part of the onion. Many cells will be
in different stages of mitosis. A sample of an onion tip was stained and
studied under a microscope.
The various phases of mitosis were identified and the number of cells counted
in each phase. The results are recorded in the table below.

Number of cells
1 2 3 Total
Interphase 47 49 58 154
Prophase 5 7 18 30
Metaphase 2 4 1 7
Anaphase 10 10 2 22
Telophase 4 4 4 12

3.1.1 Which phase produced the:

(a) Highest number of cells

(b) Lowest number of cells (2)

3.1.2 Calculate the percentage of cells produced during prophase. Show

ALL calculations. (3)

3.1.3 Briefly describe the importance of mitosis in a living organism. (2)

3.1.4 Assuming a cell takes 24 hours to complete one cycle. Calculate the
duration of the interphase. Show ALL calculations. (3)

3.1.5 Briefly describe what happens during the anaphase of mitosis. (2)

3.1.6 Draw a bar graph to represent the total number of cells in each phase
of the cell cycle. (6)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) LIFE SCIENCES P1 11

3.2 Study the diagram below of part of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs. Answer
the questions that follow.

1
9 2 sacrum

3 femur
sacrumsac

4
5

6
7
8

[Source: www.pocketdentistry.com/10-the-lower-limb]

3.2.1 Name the joint found at 9. Give a reason why it has a deep socket
(acetabulum). (2)

3.2.2 The femur is an example of a long bone. It contains both red marrow
and yellow marrow. What is the function of the red marrow? (2)

3.2.3 Suggest a reason why the pelvic girdle needs to be rigid. (2)

3.2.4 Differentiate between male and female hip bones. (2)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

12 LIFE SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)

3.3 Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

The word arthritis means inflammation of the joints, and there are more than
100 forms of arthritis. One of the more common types is osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis occurs throughout the world and affects people differently, with
joint damage developing over years or in some cases more quickly.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative form of arthritis that often affects middle aged

people, but can occur in young people who suffer from joint injuries.
Rheumatologists are doctors who are experts in diagnosing arthritis and other
diseases of the joints, muscles and bones.
Warning signs of this disease are typically pain after an activity, limited range
of motion and stiffness, and swelling and tenderness of one or more joints.

3.3.1 A joint is a region where two bones meet. Name the connective
tissue that joins these bones. (1)

3.3.2 Name THREE classes into which joints may be categorised. (3)

3.3.3 Describe the condition of the joint if a person has osteoarthritis. (4)

3.3.4 Suggest ONE reason why osteoarthritis is more common in middle-

aged people. (2)

3.3.5 Joint replacements are becoming more common amongst people

suffering from osteoarthritis. Alloys of cobalt-chromium and titanium
are usually used in these procedures. Why is iron not used? (4)
[40]

TOTAL SECTION B: 80

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) LIFE SCIENCES P1 13

SECTION C

QUESTION 4

4.1 The cell is regarded as the basic unit of life. It consists of a number of
organelles that ensure its effective functioning.

Discuss this statement with reference to the structure and role of the cell
membrane, nucleus and mitochondria.

NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts,
tables or diagrams.

Content: (17)
Synthesis: (3)

TOTAL SECTION C: 20
GRAND TOTAL: 150

Copyright reserved Please turn over