Contains

1. Surveying
Control pillar fixing, GPS observation, Traversing of coordinate and fly leveling, traverse adjustment,
layout drawing and coordinate preparation, topographic survey, cross section and longitudinal section
survey, remote elevation measurement centerline marking layout of structure, OGL recording, level
sheet preparation, toe line marking.
2. Detail project report preparation.
Road inventory and condition survey, cross drainage structure inventory and condition survey, traffic
survey, axial load survey, road roughness survey, Bankle man beam deflection test, subgrade
characteristic and strength, geo technical investigation, material investigation, hydrology and
hydrological investigation, land acquisition proposal.
3. Quality control and quality assurance
Surface irregularity test, soil, cement, aggregate, sand, Bitumen, steel, water test, curing compound,
admixture cement grout test, field density, mix design of concrete, GSB, WMM, DBM, BC, SDBC, Mastic,
BM, DLC, PQC, test on prime coat tack coat, thermoplastic paint, singes, and RE wall strap,
4. Construction supervision.
Construction supervision of clearing grubbing, earthwork in excavation and filling, GSB, WMM, DBM,
BC, SDBC, Mastic, BM, DLC,
, Kerb, slope protection, prime coat tack coat, thermoplastic paint, singes, and RE wall.
5. Quantity surveying
Preparation if bill of quantity, Rate analysis, Bill of material, Reconciliation of all major material,
Escalation, work order preparation, Client billing and sub-contractor billing, cross section generation
and earthwork quantity calculation, Change of scope, Extra items,
6. Planning and monitoring
Work program, S curve, Earn value analysis, Cost budget, material schedule, Cash inflow schedule, cash
out flow schedule, machinery schedule, Manpower schedule, Monthly progress report, and daily
progress report preparation. Productivity analysis,
7. Design and drawing
Reviewing of horizontal and vertical alignment, pavement design, drain design, RE wall or retaining wall
designing , Gobian wall design, Junction improvement, and working and as built drawing preparation,
8. Structure construction supervision
Earth work in excavation, Earth work in back filling, Open foundation, pile foundation, well foundation,
sub structure, solid slab superstructure, RCC girder, PSC girder, segmental box girder, erection of
Girder, launching of segment, Stressing, installation of bearing, Box pushing, Composite Girder, Testing
of pile, well, concrete, Staging design for wall form work design, slab,

Page 1 of 99
 A. General
1. General MoRTH section 100
1.1. General
1.1.1. Latest edition of specification and standards/ code published till 60 days before the
final date of bid submission.
1.1.2. Formation level is Subgrade top level
1.2. Quality assurance manual as per IRC SP-47, IRC-SP-57 submitted within 28 days of signing of
contract.
1.2.1. Organization and management responsibility
1.2.2. Document and data control
1.2.3. Construction program
1.2.4. Method of statement before 07 days of scheduled start of activity.
1.2.5. Process control
1.2.6. Working, inspection testing documentary procedure.
1.2.7. Arrangement of smooth and safe traffic flow during construction and maintenance
1.2.8. Maintenance record and nonconformity and timey corrective action.
1.2.9. Internal quality audit
1.2.10. Staff training
1.2.11. Environmental management plan
1.2.12. Drawing 28 days before scheduled start of activity. And submission 45 days in
advance.
1.3. Temporary diversion
1.3.1. For new construction 7.0 meter carriageway 2.5m shoulder either side total 12.0m
1.3.2. GSB-200mm, WMM-225mm, with premix carpet.
1.3.3. For Widening at least 1.5m surface dress, 150mm WMM/WBM
1.4. Method of statement
1.4.1. Source of material
1.4.2. Source of manufacture material
1.4.3. Site facility plant and equipment
1.4.4. Transportation of man/material/ equipment
1.4.5. Prevention and mitigation measure for negative environmental impact.
1.4.6. Traffic safety management
1.4.7. Environmental management plan
1.4.8. Personnel quality control deployed
1.4.9. Plant and equipment deployed with quantity and capacity
1.4.10. Sequence of activity
1.4.11. Testing acceptance
1.4.12. For product information within 60 days of agreement. Information like
1.4.12.1. Manufacture name
1.4.12.2. General feature
1.4.12.3. Testing acceptance
1.4.12.4. Installation
1.4.12.5. Maintenance
1.4.12.6. Warranty proposal
1.5. Crusher should be integrated with following facility
1.5.1. Primary crusher (Jaw)
1.5.2. Secondary crusher (Cone)
1.5.3. Tertiary crusher (Vertical shaft impact)
1.5.4. Vibrating screen
1.5.5. Cabin
1.5.6. Electrical panel
1.6. Batching plant

Page 2 of 99
 1.6.1. Minimum four bin with weight hopper for fine aggregate and other size course
aggregate cement used separate bulk with additional scale and additional bin for fly
ash with additional scale f batch type used non settable batch counter and for
continuous type electronic sensor for weight measurement before feeding
1.6.2. Cement water and admixture with 1% accuracy with quantity of cement and 2%
aggregate
1.6.3. Mixture should be pan type having time devise automatic discharge within 90
second and through 20mm over size
1.6.4. Cabin air condition cabin with electronic control panel for display
1.7. Hot mixed plant
1.7.1. Bitumen supply system
1.7.2. Mixing tower
1.7.3. Coal batcher
1.7.4. Drying drum
1.7.5. Cold aggregate feeding system 5 bin
1.7.6. Dust collecting system
1.7.7. Control room cabin
1.8. Wet mix plant
1.8.1. Aggregate feeder four no
1.8.2. Pug mill or mixture
1.8.3. Hopper
1.8.4. Control panel
1.9. Standards and specification
1.9.1. MORT&H specification
1.9.1.1. General section 100
1.9.1.2. Site Clearance section 200
1.9.1.3. Earth work erosion and drainage section 300
1.9.1.4. Sub base, base and shoulder (Non Bituminous) section 400
1.9.1.5. Base and surface course section 500
1.9.1.6. Concrete pavement section 600
1.9.1.7. Geo synthetics section 700
1.9.1.8. Traffic marking and other road Appurtenances section 800
1.9.1.9. Quality control for road work section 900
1.9.1.10. Material for structure section 1000
1.9.1.11. Pile foundation section 1100
1.9.1.12. Well foundation section 1200
1.9.1.13. Brick Masonry Section 1300
1.9.1.14. Stone and concrete section 1400
1.9.1.15. Form work section 1500
1.9.1.16. Steel reinforcement section 1600
1.9.1.17. Structural concrete section 1700
1.9.1.18. Pre stressing section 1800
1.9.1.19. Structural steel section 1900
1.9.1.20. Bearing section 2000
1.9.1.21. Open foundation section 2100
1.9.1.22. Sub structure section 2200
1.9.1.23. Concrete superstructure 2300
1.9.1.24. Surface and subsurface geotechnical investigation section 2400
1.9.1.25. River training work and protection work section 2500
1.9.1.26. Expansion joint section 2600
Page 3 of 99
 1.9.1.27. Wearing coat and appurtenances section 2700
1.9.1.28. Repair of structure section 2800
1.9.1.29. Pipe culvert section 2900
1.9.1.30. Maintenance of road section 3000
1.9.1.31. Reinforced earth section 3100
1.9.1.32. Soil nailing section 3200
1.9.2. Material Specification and testing MoRTH 1100 specification
1.9.2.1. Bricks IS 1077 Compressive strength >8.4 Mpa individual and mean >10.5 Mpa
shape size +-5%
1.9.2.2. Stone IS 1124 Max water observation 5%
1.9.2.3. Concrete Block IS 2185 part1 compressive strength >10.5 Mpa density Minimum
2.2ton/cum
1.9.2.4. Cast Iron IS 210Minimum grade 14
1.9.2.5. Cement
1.9.2.5.1. Cement 33 grade IS 269 Maximum cement content 450kg/cum
1.9.2.5.2. Cement 43 grade IS 8112
1.9.2.5.3. Cement 53 grade IS 12269
1.9.2.5.4. Cement sulphate resistance IS 12330 maximum variation 0.2%
of soil
1.9.2.5.5. Cement Portland Pozzolana (Fly ash based ) IS 1489 part1
1.9.2.5.6. Cement Portland slag IS 455 Maximum 50% of slag
1.9.2.5.7. Cement Rapid hardening IS 8041 chloride contain Max 0.1% and
Maximum 0.05% for pre stressed
1.9.2.5.8. Low heat Portland cement IS 12600
1.9.2.6. Aggregate
1.9.2.6.1. Aggregate IS 383
1.9.2.6.2. Aggregate testing IS 2386 part1 to part 8
1.9.2.6.3. Fine aggregate masonry work IS 2116 fineness modulus lessthan
3.5, aggregate less than 2.0 and silt contained max 5%
1.9.2.6.4. Fine aggregate IS 383
1.9.2.6.5. Fine aggregate testing IS 2386 part1 to part 8
1.9.2.7. Cast steel IS 1030bgrade <280-520N and corrosion resistant 0.5% to 0.3%
1.9.2.8. Steel for pre stressing
1.9.2.8.1. Plain hard drawn steel wire IS 1785 Pasrt-1
1.9.2.8.2. Cold drawn steel wire IS 6003
1.9.2.8.3. High tensile steel bar IS 2090
1.9.2.8.4. Uncoated stress relieved stand IS 6006
1.9.2.8.5. Uncoated stress relief low relaxation seven ply stand IS 14268
1.9.2.8.6. Reinforcement steel IS 1786
1.9.2.8.7. Mild steel IS 452
1.9.2.8.8. Fusion bonded epoxy coated reinforcement IS 13620
1.9.2.8.9. Hot dip galvanized bar IS 12594
1.9.2.8.10. Grey Iron IS 210
1.9.2.8.11. Steel forging IS 1875
1.9.2.9. Structural steel
1.9.2.10. Stainless steel
1.9.2.11. Water

Page 4 of 99
 1.9.2.12. Timber
1.9.2.13. Concrete Admixture
1.9.3. IRC Publication standards
1.9.3.1. IRC-2-1968-Route Marker Signs for National Highways
1.9.3.2. IRC-3-1983-Dimensions and Weights of Road Design Vehicles
1.9.3.3.
1.9.3.4. IRC-5-1998-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section I (General Features of Design)
1.9.3.5. IRC-6-2014-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section II – Loads and Stresses
1.9.3.6. IRC-7-1971-Recommended Practice for Numbering Bridges and Culverts
1.9.3.7. IRC-8-1980-Design of Highway Kilometer stone
1.9.3.8. IRC-9-1972-Traffic Census on Non-Urban Roads
1.9.3.9. IRC-10-1961-Recommended practice for borrow pit for road embankment
construction by manual mean
1.9.3.10. IRC-11-1962-Recommended Practice for the Design and Layout of Cycle
Tracks
1.9.3.11. IRC-12-2009-Guidelines for Access, Location and Layout of Roadside Fuel
Stations and Service Stations
1.9.3.12.
1.9.3.13. IRC-14-2004-Recommended Practice for Open Graded Premix Carpet
1.9.3.14. IRC-15-2011-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Construction
of Concrete Roads
1.9.3.15. IRC-16-2008-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Prime and Tack
Coat
1.9.3.16. IRC-17-1965-Tentative specification for single coat bituminous surface
dressing
1.9.3.17. IRC-18-2000-Design criteria for pre-stressed concrete road bridge (Post
tensioning concrete)
1.9.3.18. IRC-19-2005-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Water Bound
Macadam
1.9.3.19. IRC-20-1966-Recommended Practice for Bituminous Penetration Macadam
(Full Grout)
1.9.3.20. IRC-21-1987-Standard specification and code of practice for road and bridge
section-III (Cement concrete Plain and reinforcement )
1.9.3.21. IRC-22-1986-Standard specification and code of practice for road and bridge
section-IV (Composite construction )
1.9.3.22. IRC-23-1966-Tentative specification for two coat bituminous surface
dressing
1.9.3.23. IRC-24-2001-Standard specification and code of practice for road and bridge
section-V (Steel road bridge )
1.9.3.24. IRC-25-1967-Type Designs for Boundary Stones
1.9.3.25. IRC-26-1967-Type Designs for 200 meter Stones
1.9.3.26. IRC-27-1967-Tentative specification for bituminous macadam (Base and
binder course)
1.9.3.27. IRC-28-1967-Tentative Specifications for the Construction of Stabilized Soil
Roads with Soft Aggregate in Areas of Moderate and High Rainfall

Page 5 of 99
1.9.3.28. IRC-29-1988-Specification for Bituminous concrete for asphalt concrete road
pavement
1.9.3.29. IRC-30-1968-Standard letter and numerical for different height for use of
highway sign
1.9.3.30. IRC-31-1969-Route Marker Signs for State Routes
1.9.3.31. IRC-32-1969-Standard for Vertical and Horizontal Clearances of Overhead
Electric Power and Telecommunication Lines as Related to Roads
1.9.3.32. IRC-33-1969-Standard procedure for evaluation and condition survey of
stabilize soil road
1.9.3.33. IRC-34-2011-Recommendations for Road Construction in Areas Affected by
Water Logging, Flooding and/or Salts Infestation
1.9.3.34. IRC-35-1997-Code of practice for road marking
1.9.3.35. IRC-36-1970-Recommended practice for construction of earthen
embankment for road work
1.9.3.36. IRC-37-2012-Tentative Guide lines for the Design of Flexible Pavements
1.9.3.37. IRC-38-1988-Guideline of design of horizontal curve for highways and design
table
1.9.3.38. IRC-39-1986-Standards for Road-Rail Level Crossings (First Revision)
1.9.3.39. IRC-40-2002-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section IV (Brick, Stone and Cement Concrete Block Masonry) (Second Revision)
1.9.3.40. IRC-41-1997-Guidelines for Type Designs for Check Barriers (First Revision)
1.9.3.41. IRC-42-1972-Performa for record of test value of locally available pavement
construction material
1.9.3.42. IRC-43-1972-Recommended Practice for Tools, Equipment and Appliances
for Concrete Pavement Construction
1.9.3.43. IRC-44-1976-Tentative guideline for cement concrete mix design for
pavement
1.9.3.44. IRC-45-1972-Recommendations for Estimating the Resistance of Soil Below
the Maximum Scour Level in the Design of Well Foundations of Bridges
1.9.3.45. IRC-46-1972-A policy on road advertisement
1.9.3.46. IRC-47-1972-Tentative Specification for Built-Up Spray Grout
1.9.3.47. IRC-48-1972-Tentative Specification for Bitumen surface dressing using
percolated aggregate
1.9.3.48. IRC-49-1973-Recommended practice for perversion of black cotton soil for
lime stabilization
1.9.3.49. IRC-50-1973-Recommended Design Criteria for the Use of Cement-Modified
Soil in Road Construction
1.9.3.50. IRC-51-1992-Guideline for the use of soil lime mix in road construction
1.9.3.51. IRC-52-1981-Recommention about the alignment survey and geometrical
design of hill road
1.9.3.52. IRC-53-2012-Road Accident Recording Forms A-1 and A-4 (Second Revision)
1.9.3.53. IRC-54-1974-Lateral and Vertical Clearances at Underpasses for Vehicular
Traffic
1.9.3.54. IRC-55-1974-Recommended Practice for Sand-Bitumen Base Courses
1.9.3.55. IRC-56-2011-Recommended Practice for Treatment of Embankment and
Roadside Slopes for Erosion Control (First Revision)
1.9.3.56. IRC-57-1974-Recommended Practice for sealing joint for concrete pavement
1.9.3.57. IRC-58-2002-Guideline for plain and jointed rigid pavement for highway

Page 6 of 99
1.9.3.58. IRC-59-1976-Tentative guidelines for design of gap graded cement concrete
mix for road pavement
1.9.3.59. IRC-60-1976-Tentative Guidelines for the Use of Lime-Fly Ash Concrete as
Pavement Base or Sub-Base
1.9.3.60. IRC-61-1976-Tentative guidelines for design of cement concrete pavement
in hot water
1.9.3.61. IRC-62-1976-Guidelines for Control of Access on Highways
1.9.3.62. IRC-63-1976-Tentative Guidelines for the Use of Low Grade Aggregates and
Soil Aggregates Mixtures in Road Pavement Construction
1.9.3.63. IRC-64-1990-Guidelines for Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas (First Revision)
1.9.3.64. IRC-65-1976-Recommendation practice for traffic rotaries
1.9.3.65. IRC-66-1976-Recommended Practice for Sight Distance on Rural Highways
1.9.3.66. IRC-67-2012-Code of Practice for Road Signs (Third Revision)
1.9.3.67. IRC-68-1976-Tentative guide line on cement fly ash concrete for rigid
pavement construction
1.9.3.68. IRC-69-1977-Space standards for roads in rural area
1.9.3.69. IRC-70-1977-Guidelines of regulation and control of mixed traffic in urban
area
1.9.3.70. IRC-71-1977-Recommended Practice for Preparation of Notations
1.9.3.71. IRC-72-1978-Recommended Practice for Use and Upkeep of Equipment,
Tools and Appliances for Bituminous Pavement Construction
1.9.3.72. IRC-73-1990-Geometric Design Standards for Rural (Non-Urban) Highways
1.9.3.73. IRC-74-1979-Tentative Guidelines for Lean-Cement Concrete and Lean
Cement-Fly Ash Concrete as a Pavement Base or Sub base
1.9.3.74. IRC-75-1979-Guideline of design of high embankment
1.9.3.75. IRC-76-1979-Tentative Guidelines for Structural Strength Evaluation of Rigid
Airfield Pavements
1.9.3.76. IRC-77-1979-Tentative Guidelines for repair of concrete pavement using
synthic resins
1.9.3.77. IRC-78-2014-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section VII – Foundations and Substructure (Revised Revision)
1.9.3.78. IRC-79-1981-Recommended practice for road delineator
1.9.3.79. IRC-80-1981-Type Designs for Pick-Up Bus Stops on Rural (i.e., Non-Urban)
Highways
1.9.3.80. IRC-81-1997-Guidelines for Strengthening of Flexible Road Pavements Using
Benkelman Beam Deflection Technique (First Revision)
1.9.3.81. IRC-82-1982-Code of Practice for Maintenance of Bituminous Surfaces of
Highways
1.9.3.82. IRC-83-1-1999-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section IX (Bearings), Part I (Metallic Bearings) (First Revision)
1.9.3.83. IRC-83-2-1987-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section IX (Bearings), Part II (Elastomeric Bearings)
1.9.3.84. IRC-83-3-2002-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section IX (Bearings), Part III (Pot, Pot-Cum-PTEE, Pin and Metallic
Guide Bearings)
1.9.3.85. IRC-83-4-2014-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section IX – Bearings, Part I : Metallic Bearings
1.9.3.86. IRC-84-1983-code of practice for curing of cement concrete pavement

Page 7 of 99
1.9.3.87. IRC-85-1983-Recommended Practice for Accelerated Strength Testing and
Evaluation of Concrete for Road and Airfield Constructions
1.9.3.88. IRC-86-1983-Geometric Design Standards for Urban Roads in Plains
1.9.3.89. IRC-87-2011-Guidelines for the Design and Erection of Formwork, False work
and Temporary Structures (First Revision)
1.9.3.90. IRC-88-1984-Recommended Practice for Lime Flyash Stabilized Soil
Base/Sub-Base in Pavement Construction
1.9.3.91. IRC-89-1997-Guidelines for Design and Construction of River Training and
Control Works for Road Bridges (First Revision)
1.9.3.92. IRC-90-2010-Guidelines of Selection, Operation and Maintenance of
Bituminous Hot Mix Plant (First Revision)
1.9.3.93. IRC-91-1985-Tentative guideline for construction of cement concrete
pavement in cold weather
1.9.3.94. IRC-92-1985-Guidelines for the Design of Interchanges in Urban Areas
1.9.3.95. IRC-93-1985-Guidelines on Design and Installation of Road Traffic Signals
1.9.3.96. IRC-94-1986-Specification for dense bituminous macadam
1.9.3.97. IRC-95-1987-Specification for semi dense bituminous concrete
1.9.3.98. IRC-96-1987-Tentative specification for two coat surface dressing using
cationic bituminous emulsion.
1.9.3.99. IRC-97-1987-Tentative specification for 20mm thick premix carpet using
cationic bituminous emulsion
1.9.3.100. IRC-98-1997-Guidelines on accommodation of utility service on road in
urban area
1.9.3.101. IRC-99-1988-Tentative Guidelines on the Provision of Speed Breakers for
Control of Vehicular Speeds on Minor Roads
1.9.3.102. IRC-100-1988-Tentative specification for single coat surface dressing using
cationic bituminous emulsion.
1.9.3.103. IRC-101-1988-Guidelines for Design of Continuously Reinforced Concrete
Pavement with Elastic Joints
1.9.3.104. IRC-102-1988-Traffic Studies for Planning Bypasses Around Towns
1.9.3.105. IRC-103-1988 guidelines of pedestrian facility
1.9.3.106. IRC-104-1988-Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway
Projects
1.9.3.107. IRC-105-1988-Tentative Specification for Bituminous Concrete (Asphaltic
Concrete) for Airfield Pavements
1.9.3.108. IRC-106-1990-Guidelines of capacity of urban roads in plain area
1.9.3.109. IRC-107-2013-Specification for Bitumen Mastic Wearing Courses (First
Revision)
1.9.3.110. IRC-108-1996-Guidelines for Traffic Prediction on Rural Highways
1.9.3.111. IRC-109-1997-Guidelines for Wet Mix Macadam
1.9.3.112. IRC-110-2005-Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Design and
Construction of Surface Dressing
1.9.3.113. IRC-111-2009 dense graded bituminous mix
1.9.3.114. IRC-112-2011-Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges
1.9.3.115. IRC-113-2013-Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Geo synthetic
Reinforced Embankments on Soft Sub soils
1.9.3.116. IRC-114-2013-Guidelines for Use of Silica-Fume in Rigid Pavement

Page 8 of 99
 1.9.3.117. IRC-115-2014-Guidelines for Structural Evaluation and Strengthening of
Flexible Road Pavements Using Falling Weight Deflect meter (FWD) Technique
1.9.3.118. IRC-116-2014-Specifications for Readymade Bituminous Pothole Patching
Mix Using Cut-Back Bitumen
1.9.4. IRC SP Publication standard
1.9.4.1. IRC-SP-4-1966-Bridge Loadings Around The World
1.9.4.2. IRC-SP-8-1980-Type Designs for Highway Kilometer Stones (Second Revision)
1.9.4.3. IRC-SP-11-1994-Handbook of Quality Control for Construction of Roads and
Runways
1.9.4.4. IRC-SP-13-2004-Guidelines for the Design of Small Bridges and Culverts
1.9.4.5. IRC-SP-14-1980-A manual for application of critical path method to highway
project in India
1.9.4.6. IRC-SP-15-1996-Ribin development along highway and its prevention
1.9.4.7. IRC-SP-16-2008-Guidelines for Surface Evenness of Highway Pavements
1.9.4.8. IRC-SP-17-1977-Recommendation about overlay on cement concrete
pavements
1.9.4.9. IRC-SP-18-1996-Manual for Highway Bridge Maintenance Inspection
1.9.4.10. IRC-SP-19-2001-Manual for Survey, Investigation and Preparation of Road
Projects (Second Revision)
1.9.4.11. IRC-SP-20-2002-Rural Roads Manual
1.9.4.12. IRC-SP-21-2009-Guidelines on Landscaping and Tree Plantation
1.9.4.13. IRC-SP-22-1986-Recommendation for size for each type of road marking
machinery o cater the general demand of road work
1.9.4.14. IRC-SP-23-1993-Vertical Curves for Highways
1.9.4.15. IRC-SP-24-1984-Guidelines on the Choice and Planning of Appropriate
Technology in Road Construction
1.9.4.16. IRC-SP-25-1984-Gopi and His Road Roller - Guidelines on Maintenance of
Road Rollers
1.9.4.17. IRC-SP-26-1984-Report Containing Recommendations of IRC Regional
Workshops on Rural Road Development
1.9.4.18. IRC-SP-27-1984-Report Containing Recommendations of the IRC Regional
Workshops on Highway Safety
1.9.4.19. IRC-SP-28-1995-Road Transport and Energy (First Revision)
1.9.4.20. IRC-SP-29-1994-Directory of Indigenous Manufacturers of Road/Bridge
Construction Machinery and Important Bridge Components (First Revision)
1.9.4.21. IRC-SP-30-2009-Manual on Economic Evaluation of Highway Projects in India
(Second Revision)
1.9.4.22. IRC-SP-33-1989-Guideline on supplemental measurement for design
detailing and durability of important bridges and structure
1.9.4.23. IRC-SP-34-1989-General guideline about the equipment for bituminous
surface dressing
1.9.4.24. IRC-SP-35-1990-Guidelines of inspection and maintenance of bridge
1.9.4.25. IRC-SP-36-1991-Guidelines on Format for IRC Standards
1.9.4.26. IRC-SP-37-2010-Guidelines for Evaluation of Load Carrying Capacity of
Bridges
1.9.4.27. IRC-SP-38-1992-Manual for Road Investment Decision Model
1.9.4.28. IRC-SP-39-1992-Guidelines on Bulk Bitumen Transportation and Storage
Equipment

Page 9 of 99
1.9.4.29. IRC-SP-40-1993-Guidelines on Techniques for Strengthening and
Rehabilitation of Bridges
1.9.4.30. IRC-SP-41-1994-Guidelines for the Design of At-Grade Intersections in Rural
and Urban Areas
1.9.4.31. IRC-SP-42-2014-Guidelines on Road Drainage (First Revision)
1.9.4.32. IRC-SP-43-1994-Guidelines on Low-Cost Traffic Management Techniques for
Urban Areas
1.9.4.33. IRC-SP-44-1996-Highway Safety Code
1.9.4.34. IRC-SP-45-1996-Time series data on road transport passenger and freight
movement
1.9.4.35. IRC-SP-46-2013-Guidelines for Design and Construction of Fiber Reinforced
Concrete for Pavements (First Revision)
1.9.4.36. IRC-SP-47-1998-Guidelines on Quality Systems for Road Bridges
1.9.4.37. IRC-SP-48-1998-Hill road manual
1.9.4.38. IRC-SP-49-2014-Guidelines for the Use of Dry Lean Concrete as Sub-base for
Rigid Pavement (First Revision)
1.9.4.39. IRC-SP-50-2013-Guidelines on Urban Drainage (First Revision)
1.9.4.40. IRC-SP-51-1999-Guidelines on load testing on bridges
1.9.4.41. IRC-SP-52-1999-Bridge Inspector Reference Manual
1.9.4.42. IRC-SP-53-2010-Guidelines on Use of Modified Bitumen in Road
Construction (Second Revision)
1.9.4.43. IRC-SP-54-2000-Project Preparation Manual for Bridges
1.9.4.44. IRC-SP-55-2014-Guidelines on Traffic Management in Work Zones
1.9.4.45. IRC-SP-56-2000-Guidelines for steel pedestrian bridge
1.9.4.46. IRC-SP-57-2000-2-Guidelines for Quality Systems for Road Construction
1.9.4.47. IRC-SP-58-2001-Guidelines for Use of Fly Ash in Road Embankments
1.9.4.48. IRC-SP-59-2002-Guidelines for Use of Geotextiles in road pavement and
associate work
1.9.4.49. IRC-SP-60-2002-An Approach Document for Assessment of Remaining Life of
Concrete Bridges
1.9.4.50. IRC-SP-61-2004-An Approach Document on Whole Life Costing for Bridges in
India
1.9.4.51. IRC-SP-62-2014-Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Cement
Concrete Pavement for Low Volume Roads (First Revision)
1.9.4.52. IRC-SP-63-2004-Guidelines for the Use of Interlocking Concrete Block
Pavement
1.9.4.53. IRC-SP-64-2005-Guidelines for the Analysis and Design of Cast-in-Place
Voided Slab Superstructure
1.9.4.54. IRC-SP-65-2005-Guidelines for Design and Construction of Segmental
Bridges
1.9.4.55. IRC-SP-66-2005-Guidelines for Design of Continuous Bridges
1.9.4.56. IRC-SP-67-2005-Guidelines for Use of External and Unbonded Prestressing
Tendons in Bridge Structures
1.9.4.57. IRC-SP-70-2005-Guidelines for the Use of High Performance Concrete in
Bridges
1.9.4.58. IRC-SP-71-2006-Guidelines for Design and Construction of Pretensioned
Girder of Bridges

Page 10 of 99
 1.9.4.59. IRC-SP-73-2007-Manual of Standards and Specifications for Two Laning of
State Highways on B.O.T. Basis
1.9.4.60. IRC-SP-74-2007-Guidelines for Repair and Rehabilitation of Steel Bridges
1.9.4.61. IRC-SP-75-2008-Guidelines for Retrofitting of Steel Bridges by Prestressing
1.9.4.62. IRC-SP-77-2008-Manual for Design Construction and Maintenance of Gravel
Roads
1.9.4.63. IRC-SP-78-2008-Specifications for Mix Seal Surfacing (MSS) Close-Graded
Premix Surfacing (CGPS)
1.9.4.64. IRC-SP-79-2008-Tentative Specifications for Stone Matrix Asphalt
1.9.4.65. IRC-SP-82-2008-Guidelines for Design of Causeways and Submersible bridge
1.9.4.66. IRC-SP-83-2008-Guidelines for Maintenance, Repairs & Rehabilitation of
Cement Concrete Pavements
1.9.4.67. IRC-SP-84-2014-Manual for Specifications and Standards for Four Laning of
Highways Through Public Private Partnership
1.9.4.68. IRC-SP-85-2010-Guidelines for Variable Message Signs
1.9.4.69. IRC-SP-86-2010-Guidelines for Selection, Operation and Maintenance of
Paver Finishers
1.9.4.70. IRC-SP-87-2013-Manual of Specification and Standards for Six Laning of
Highways Through Public Private Partnership
1.9.4.71. IRC-SP-88-2010-Manual on Road Safety Audit
1.9.4.72. IRC-SP-90-2010-Manual for Grade Separators and Elevated Structures
1.9.4.73. IRC-SP-92-2010-Road Map for Human Resource Development in Highway
Sector
1.9.4.74. IRC-SP-93-2011-Guidelines on Requirements for Environmental Clearance
for Road Projects
1.9.4.75. IRC-SP-94-2011-Material Testing Facilities for Highway Sector in National
Capital Region
1.9.4.76. IRC-SP-95-2011-Model Contract Document for Maintenance of Highways
1.9.4.77. IRC-SP-96-2012-Guidelines for Selection, Operation and Maintenance of
Concrete Batching and Mixing Plants
1.9.4.78. IRC-SP-97-2013-Guidelines on Compaction Equipment for Road Works
1.9.4.79. IRC-SP-98-2013-Guidelines for the Use of Waste Plastic in Hot Bituminous
Mixes (Dry Process) in Wearing Courses
1.9.4.80. IRC-SP-99-2013-Manual of Specification and Standards for Expressways
1.9.4.81. IRC-SP-100-2014-Use of Cold Mix Technology in Construction and
Maintenance of Roads Using Bitumen Emulsion
1.9.4.82. IRC-SP-101-2014-Interim Guidelines for Warm Mix Asphalt
1.9.4.83. IRC-SP-102-2014-Guidelines for Design and Construction of Reinforced Soil
Walls
1.9.5. Bridge Design standards
1.9.5.1. Reference book
1.9.5.1.1. IRC-5 General feature of design
1.9.5.1.2. IRC-6 Load and stress
1.9.5.1.3. IRC-21 Plan and reinforcement
1.9.5.1.4. IRC-22 Composite construction
1.9.5.1.5. IRC-24 Steel road bridge
1.9.5.1.6. IRC-78 foundation and substructure
1.9.5.1.7. IRC-83 Metallic bearing part-1
1.9.5.1.8. IRC-83 Elastomeric bearing part-2
Page 11 of 99
 1.9.5.1.9. IRC-83 POT, POT cum PTFE bearing pin and metallic guide
bearing
1.9.5.1.10. IRC-18 Design criteria of Pre stressed concrete road bridge
1.9.5.1.11. IRC-38 Guideline for design of horizontal curve highway
1.9.5.1.12. IRC-87 Guideline and design of false work
1.9.5.1.13. IRC-89 Guideline design and construction of river training
work
1.9.5.1.14. IRC-SP-13 Guideline of design of small culvert and bridges
1.9.5.1.15. IRC-SP-23 Vertical curve for highways
1.9.5.1.16. IRC-SP-37 Guideline of load carrying capacity of bridge
1.9.5.1.17. IRC-SP-51 Guideline of Load testing of bridge
1.9.5.1.18. IRC-SP-64 Guideline of analysis and design of cast in place
voided slab
1.9.5.1.19. IRC-SP-65 Guideline for design and construction of
segmental bridge
1.9.5.1.20. IRC-SP-66 Guideline of design and construction of
continuous bridge
1.9.5.1.21. IRC-SP-67 Guideline for use external unbounded Pre stress
tendon in bridge structure
1.9.5.1.22. IRC-SP-70 Guideline for use of high performance concrete
in bridge
1.9.5.1.23. IRC-SP-71 Guideline for design and construction for
pretension girder
1.9.5.1.24. IS-1893 Criteria for earthquake resistance design of
structure
1.9.5.1.25. IS-2911 Criteria for design and construction of Pile
foundation
1.9.5.1.26. IS -1320 Ductile detailing of reinforcement concrete
structure subjected to seismic force.
1.9.5.2. Span arrangement for economical superstructure
1.9.5.2.1. 0.3-2 Hume pipe culvert
1.9.5.2.2. 2-8 Box culvert and slab culvert
1.9.5.2.3. 8-15 Box underpass
1.9.5.2.4. 8-15 Solid slab
1.9.5.2.5. 15-20 RCC girder
1.9.5.2.6. 20-30 PSC girder
1.9.5.2.7. 30-60 PSC box girder
1.9.6. Highway Design standards
1.9.6.1. Pavement design
1.9.6.1.1. IRC-37-2012-Tentative Guide lines for the Design of Flexible
Pavements Flexible pavement new construction
1.9.6.1.2. IRC-81-1997-Guidelines for Strengthening of Flexible Road
Pavements Using Benkelman Beam Deflection Technique (First
Revision) Overlay design by flexible pavement
1.9.6.1.3. IRC-SP-62-2014-Guidelines for the Design and Construction of
Cement Concrete Pavement for Low Volume Roads (First
Revision) Rigid pavement design
1.9.6.1.4. IRC-SP-63-2004-Guidelines for the Use of Interlocking Concrete
Block Pavement
1.9.6.2. Alignment design
1.9.6.2.1. IRC-66-1976-Recommended Practice for Sight Distance on Rural
Highways Site distance
Page 12 of 99
 1.9.6.2.2. IRC-73-1990-Geometric Design Standards for Rural (Non-Urban)
Highways General feature of design
1.9.6.2.3. IRC-32-1969-Standard for Vertical and Horizontal Clearances of
Overhead Electric Power and Telecommunication Lines as
Related to Roads Lateral and vertical clearance
1.9.6.2.4. IRC-38-1988-Guideline of design of horizontal curve for
highways and design table Horizontal curve
1.9.6.2.5. IRC-SP-23-1993-Vertical Curves for Highways Vertical curve
1.9.6.3. Drainage design

B. Surveying
2. Land Surveying IRC-SP-19
2.1. Study of survey sheet & Maps
2.1.1. Survey of India Map 1in 2500, 1 in 5000, and 1in 25000 scales available for
topography and contour.
2.1.2. National Bureau of soil survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS and LUP) for information
of soil and wasteland land information.
2.1.3. Geological Survey of India for geology and geomorphology drainage and
underground water details study.
2.1.4. Town planning department land for master plan.
2.2. Control pillar fixing
2.2.1. Pillar size 150X150X450mm for bench mark pillar at every 250m along the route with
in ROW and outside of construction limit. Provided a steel plate on the top of pillar
and pillar embedded on concrete with minimum 100mm outside of pillar and

Page 13 of 99
 100mm maximum exposed above ground and top surface is truly flat or horizontal it
is for X, Y, Z coordinate transfer only.
2.2.2. Pillar size 600X6000X1000mm for GPS pillar a pair of at Maximum 5KM distance an
along the route with in ROW and outside of construction limit. Provided a steel plate
on the top of pillar and pillar embedded on concrete with minimum 100mm outside
of pillar and 100mm maximum exposed above ground and top surface is truly flat or
horizontal it is for X, Y, Z coordinate transfer only.
2.2.3. Benchmark should be fixed on all parapets of existing culvert, minor bridge, major
bridge and permanent structures.
2.3. GPS observation
2.3.1. Closed loop GPS (DGPS differential Global positioning system) conducted along the
project corridor a pair of station point at 5KM distance.
2.3.2. At time of observation one is base point and other is rover point.
2.3.3. That rover shifted to other station point without disturbing base point and sequence
continues.
2.3.4. Than base point shifted to next point without disturbing rover point and one hour
observation.
2.3.5. Minimum observation time 1hour for base point than 1hour for rover both are fixed
for any day observation.
2.3.6. Or minimum 10,000 reading collected by the station point.
2.3.7. At the time of observation no of satellite minimum 3 for measurement with an
inclination of 15degree from instrument.
2.3.8. Latitude and Longitude converted into local coordinate system.
2.3.9. If any GPS point available that must be connected and verified.
2.3.10. WGS-84 system adopted in 1984 by US military department called World Geodetic
System, a geocentric coordinate system of a reference ellipsoid Kalianpur is origin of
Indian Triangulation.
2.4. Traversing
2.4.1. It will be done with total station of accuracy of 1Secound and 1mm accuracy in
angular and leaner measurement respectively.
2.4.2. It should be done from GPS to GPS maximum length of loop of 5KM
2.4.3. Traverse pillar fixed @ 200-300m meter interval with a minimum accuracy of 1in
10,000 pillars fixed at throughout the project corridor. Within ROW and outside
construction limit.
2.4.4. Angle and distance observation with both face of instrument and recorded.
2.4.5. If any existing pillar available should be connected and verify the accuracy of pillar.
2.4.6. If existing road than traverse station fixed on road edge and near the Km or
hectometer so that it will easily identify and not disturb during traffic it is fixed so
that bottom point is visible from successor and processor station point.
2.4.7. Accessories total station with stand, trivets with stand with prism 2 Nos. steel tape
umbrella and calculator paint and note book.
2.5. Fly leveling
2.5.1. With Auto level of max visibility distance of 50m with an instrument accuracy of +-
2mm per KM
2.5.2. A closed circuit leveling run along the entire route and connecting to nearest GTS
great trigonometric survey along the project highway
2.5.3. It is done with double run three cross hair reading with a accuracy of 12√Km error in
mm for auto level and 4√Km where length in Km and error in mm for digital level and
established at 250m interval.
2.5.4. Control pillar established at 250m interval and if existing any it was connected and
verifies its accuracy.
2.5.5. Accessories Level instrument with stand 2Nos. matric staff 4 Nos. steel tape umbrella
and calculator paint and note book.

Page 14 of 99
2.6. Coordinate calculation & Traverse adjustment.
2.6.1. Traverse adjustment will do with Bowditch Rule and least square method. Total error
will be interpolated according to their cumulative distance for level and coordinate.
2.6.2. And in Least square method Total rotation angle will be evenly distributed to all
station and same as leaner distance also for coordinate calculation and level for level
adjustment.
2.6.3. Coordinate calculation N=N1+L Cos α, E= E1+L sin α and α Bearing from North
direction L= distance which coordinate calculated angle will be judge as per ASTC
rule where 1st quadrant all positive and 2nd quadrant Sin family positive 3rd quadrant
Tan family positive and 4th quadrant Cos family positive.
2.7. Topographic survey
2.7.1. Survey should be involve pickup all surface feature specified in corridor with in
proposed ROW and extended up to 200 meter in major junction and stream railway
track and start and end or project
2.7.2. Collection of DTM digital terrain model start with two known point closed at third
known station point data collected uniformly code list specified.
2.7.3. Minor Junction survey up to 200-300m minimum 50m width @5meter offset and
10meter interval chainage wise
2.7.4. Major bridge 500m either side minimum 100m width @5meter offset and 10meter
interval chainage wise
2.7.5. Clover leaf 1000m either side minimum 500m width @5meter offset and 10meter
interval chainage wise
2.7.6. Culvert invert level both side culvert no location OGL taken 2.5m offset up to ROW
for pipe culvert 50m width @ 10meter interval 5meter offset head wall details pipe
outer to outer skew angel catchment area water flow direction.
2.7.7. Slab culvert 0-6m interval 100m both side define water flow skew angle ground level
invert level span arrangement wing wall return wall catchment area water flow
direction for new.
2.7.8. Minor bridge 6-60m length span arrangement 300m both side survey @ 10m interval
and 5m offset contour survey for topographical feature. Abutment pier location
chainage 10m interval additional 30m outer of bridge
2.7.9. Major bridge minimum 60m survey up to cross section up to 600m in 10m interval
with 30m outer of bridge @ 5meter offset interval.
2.7.10. Feature like OFC sewer line water line telephone, electric pole, high tension line
fencing bore well Height of crossing of HT line Right of way.
2.7.11. Tree individual tree more than 0.3m girth at 1.0m height according to categories to
tree with in construction limit.
2.7.12. Base plan preparation a three dimensional base prepare with poly line from
decrease chainage to increase with different layer with three dimensional poly line
and in Excel format including code and RAW file downloaded from total station
submitted.
2.7.13. Ground verification checked all plotted data at ground and then submitted to
design engineer for design and design preparation.
2.7.14. Staking out and pillaring setting out centerline provided by designer and marked on
ground 20m in curve location and 50m in straight location with peg and lime
powder.
2.8. Cross section survey and longitudinal section survey
2.8.1. Cross section survey for topographic survey will be @ 50meter interval for plain and
rolling terrain and 20 meter interval at Ghats and mountainous terrain and offset will
be 5meter to 2.5m and at features like centerline existing pavement midpoint of
carriage way paved shoulder edge of formation shoulder edge toe line up to
proposed ROW.

Page 15 of 99
 2.8.2. Longitudinal section will be @ 10meter interval at horizontal curve 5m interval and
level changes location for payment thickness measurement.
2.8.3. Level to be taken 0.75, 2.75m on either side of carriageway for more than 2 lane and
1.25m for single lane road.
2.8.4. All cross drainage structure invert level to be recorded.
2.9. Remote elevation measurement
2.9.1. It is measure with total station or theodolite and tape and metric staff.
2.9.2. Tower height invert level of Girder of flyover transmission line by taking
measurement just below the observer point and inclined angle with horizontal
distance.
2.9.3. It will be calculate as L Tan α or in total station equipment display automatic.
2.10. Center line marking
2.10.1. At 50m interval in plain and rolling terrain and 20m interval in Hill and mountainous
terrain generally 10meter interval marked on ground marked on ground for OGL
recording and chainage pillar fixing it will be fixed outside of construction limit and
inside of ROW
2.10.2. Reference point also marked on ground with offset distance if existing kerb or road
available then better for painting reference.
2.11. Layout of structure
2.11.1. Reference point coordinate calculate manually or with Auto cad from final good for
construction drawing.
2.11.2. Than reference point with layout point marked on the ground and layout plan
prepared for checking to consultant if variation with theoretical should be recorded
for future record.
2.12. OGL Original ground level recording
2.12.1. It is taken with auto level generally if it is not possible with auto level total station or
theodolite may use.
2.12.2. Measure with tape offset interval of 2.5m and chainage interval of 10m OGL
recorded.
2.12.3. Feature like median edge carriage way edge and center pavement edge toe line any
ditches measure accurately with chainage offset level remark format.
2.12.4. OGL recording start from known Bench Mark and closed at Known Bench Mark.
2.12.5. Data should be check at ground and send for quantity calculation.
2.13. Level sheet preparation
2.13.1. Working level sheet preparation at location for string and mention in section 900 of
MoRTH
2.13.2. Calculate FRL, cross slope, camber formation width, crushed composition date
required. For calculation calculate FRL at chainage and calculate camber at that
chainage calculate offset difference from FRL reference point to offset point where
level calculate less layer thickness above it.
2.13.3. Level to be taken 0.75 m and 2.75m from either side of carriageway for two lane and
1.25m for single lane road.
2.14. Tolerance sheet preparation of level and surface irregularity sheet.
2.14.1. For Earth work, subgrade, GSB , WMM ,DBM, BC, DLC, and PQC, as per section 900 of
MORTH mention on quality control
2.15. Toe line marking
2.15.1. For 1st layer it will be from Cross section and above layer will be calculated average
bed level with chainage FRL and cross slope and side slope with formation width and
marked with lime powder for next layer duping.
2.15.2. For this chainage pillar marked on ground outside of construction area and within
ROW for new alignment.
2.16. Linear measurement.
2.16.1. Linear measurement 1 Ft=304.8mm, 1Inch=25.4mm,

Page 16 of 99
 2.16.2. Angular measurement 1 radian =180/π
2.16.3. Area conversion 1 Hector=10,000 sqm. 1 Acre=4046 Sqm. 1 Sqm= 10.764 Sqft.
2.16.4. Volume conversion 1Cum.= 35.315 cuf.
2.16.5. Increase Meter=0,Deca =1=da, Hecto =2=h, Kilo =3=k, Mega=6=M, Giga=9=G,
Tera=12=T Peta=15=P
2.16.6. Decrease Meter=0, Deci=-1=d, Centi=-2=c, Mili=-3=m, Micro=-3=μ, Nano=-6=n,
Pico=-12=p, femto=-15=f, atto=-18=a
2.17. Xxx

C. Material Investigation and Detail project report

3. Detailed Project Report IRC-SP-19
3.1. Road inventory survey IRC-SP-19
3.1.1. All existing features of existing road like terrain classification, land used, build up
area industrial village town carriageway type paved shoulder height of embankment
filling cutting junction utilities water gas electricity horizontal curve bus bay truck bye
toll plaza.
3.2. Road condition survey IRC 82
3.2.1. Pavement condition, shoulder embankment and drainage surface distress type and
extent.
3.2.2. Road crack pot whole measure and homogenous section identified for BBD test
patching and edge failure.
Page 17 of 99
3.3. Hydraulic and Hydrological investigation IRC SP13, IRC SP 42
3.3.1. HFL High Flood Level and LWL lowest water level from Irrigation department and
central water resource department.
3.3.2. Depth of water table will measure with bore hole in 1Km interval for subgrade height
no need for embankment height more than 6m.
3.3.3. Ponded water level Irrigated field and standing water.
3.3.4. Surface runoff Study contour catchment area soil vegetation.
3.3.5. Bed level, Scour depth discharge silting characteristic.
3.4. Bridge/Culvert inventory survey IRC-SP-35
3.4.1. Type of structure span details vent height.
3.4.2. Physical and hydraulically parameter.
3.4.3. Road way width, culvert type slab thickness span arrangement, length width
carriageway width skew angle.
3.4.4. Condition of sub structure super structure parapet wall.
3.4.5. Load carrying capacity of structure.
3.4.6. Water way blocking and silting of vent way scour level.
3.4.7. HFL observation L-section drawn.
3.4.8. Trial pit for location soil type for foundation.
3.4.9. Velocity observation.
3.4.10. Calculate catchment area for small stream up to 40 Hector one cross section survey
and plotted if it up to 2.5 sq. Km than 150 meter UP stream and DS surveyed from
2.5 to 10 Sq. KM 300 meter survey both side and above 10 Sq. Km 400 to 1600 meter
survey both side.
3.5. Bridge/Structure condition survey
3.5.1. HFL, LWL high flood level and lowest water level interview by local people Bridge
name location span arrangement carriage way width gradient bearing type slab
thickness hand rail wearing course thickness and type protection work skew angel
vertical clearance water way velocity of water.
3.6. Traffic survey IRC -9
3.6.1. Classified traffic volume count for consecutive 7 days each direction and calculate
ADT Average Daily Traffic counting all categories of traffic and converting to PCU
Passenger Car Unit to ADT.
3.6.2. For two wheeler three wheeler car bus mini and standard jeep truck LCV, MCV 2
axial 3 axial agriculture tractor cycle, Rickshaw, Animal drawn, and pedestrian.
3.6.3. Origin – Destination survey for consecutive 3 days by road side interview method
zone graphs to be plotted and best alternative desired route find out same station as
axial load survey.
3.6.4. Speed and delay studies by moving observer for junction and flyover improvement
to be identified less travel time.
3.6.5. Traffic survey for Road Junction at peak hour in morning and evening peak hour not
necessary for 1000 vehicle per day for type of junction improvement.
3.6.6. Traffic projection min 7.5% per minimum in compound rate of growth considered for
traffic.
3.6.7. Tn=To(1+r)n or LogeT=A+B Loge(GNP) where GNP Gross National product it is half
times traffic growth rate
3.7. Axial load survey
3.7.1. Axil load survey for 3 consecutive days of 24 hours to survey Equivalent standard axil
load and VDF vehicle damage factor to be projected.
3.7.2. Standard axle is 18610Kg.
3.7.3. Using axial load pad for weight measurement and minimum 15% of commercial
vehicle measure including bus.
3.8. Road roughness survey
3.8.1. Two run for each direction used term BI and IRI unit of roughness

Page 18 of 99
 3.8.2. Equipment Vehicle mounted Bump integrator (UMBI) and fifth wheel bump
integrator vehicle speed approx. 32Km/hour reference code HDM-III/IV
3.8.3. BI=630IRI1.12 and IRI=0.0032(BI)0.89
3.8.4. Bump indicator value measure in 5th wheel bump indicator instrument, with a speed
of 32km/h, one unit is equal to one inch vertical deviation Max as per our standard is
2,000 per Km/ per lane
3.8.5. Merline (Machine for evaluation roughness using low cost instrument)
3.8.6. IRI International Roughness Index, vehicle speed o 80Km/h, stiffness of
suspension/body mass=63.3, Stiffness of Tyre spring/Body mass=653, Axle mass/
Body mass=0.15 measure in golden car of quarter car
3.9. Benkelman Beam Deflection test
3.9.1. BBD test toeing vehicle standards Rarer axle load 8170 Kg called standard axle,
3.9.2. Tyre pressure 5.6kg/cm^2, temperature recorded up to a depth of 45mm from
pavement surface, and BBD test measure at 90cm from pavement edge for two lane
and 1.5m for four lane and 60cm from single lane road.
3.9.3. Reading recording at 0, and 2.7m and 9m as initial, intermediate, and final reading
Final deflection = intermediate – final reading = less than 0.025mm or final deflection
= 2(Final-Initial)+2.91X2(Final-Intermediate ) if intermediate – Final reading greater
than 0.025mm
3.9.4. Payment selection are as Good (no crack rutting less than 10mm ) fair (No crack
rutting less than 10-20mm) and Poor (crack with rutting more than 20mm) length
not than 1Km min found out as homogenous section.
3.9.5. Minimum 10 point in each lane and 50m interval on wheel path of outer wheel,
consider highest and lowest deflection is 1/3 of mean than extra deflection of 25mm
made,
3.9.6. Temperature correction 0.01mm for each degree from 35 degree as mean, and
subgrade soil moisture contain type of soil sample taken.
3.10. Subgrade characteristic and Strength.
3.10.1. Three subgrade characteristic and strength 3 sample in homogenous section and
5km interval in new carriageway.
3.10.2. Grain size and Atterberg limit test, Proctor compaction and CBR for 4 days sock with
three energy level DCP method bulk density measure.
3.10.3. Measure existing bituminous layer Base layer density of subgrade by sand
replacement method collect 40kg soil sample and for new alignment 1m depth or
refusal depth sample collected.
3.11. Geotechnical investigation and subsoil exploration IRC 78
3.11.1. Location for embankment height more than 6m and structure less than 15m span
one location and above 15m span both abutment location
3.11.2. IS code standard penetration IS 2131 and vane shear test IS 4434
3.11.3. Test for slope stability and shear parameter of soil (C, ¢) bearing capacity , Atterberg
limit, gradation, ground water sample, unconfined compressive test, Triaxial test,
consolidation test, Rock sample test chemical analysis, Direct shear test for cohesion
less soil like sandy and gravel soil, and cohesive soil Triaxial testing with Unconfined
undrain test.
3.11.4. Work procedure bore hole no time and date of test completion N value and RQD
rock quality designation
3.11.5. No water to be added for cohesion and cohesion less soil above water table.
3.11.6. Standard penetration test hammer of 65Kg free fall height 75cm outer dia. 50mm
and inner dia. 38cm length of sampler 600mm
3.11.7. First 15cm driven and next 30cm driven no of blow counted and that is N value for
penetration of 30cm.
3.12. Material investigation
3.12.1. Fly ash slag quarry site and borrow area.

Page 19 of 99
 3.12.2. Date received from PWD
3.12.3. Location map of operating quarries, Material source.
3.12.4. Locale available material technical report.
3.12.5. Land cover map and Geological map.
3.13. Aggregate Investigation
3.13.1. Aggregate gradation IS 2386 Part-1
3.13.2. 10% fines value BS 82
3.13.3. Bitumen affinity test AASHTOT 182-84
3.13.4. Aggregate Impact Value IS 2386-IV Max 30% Impact value for impact load.
3.13.5. Los Angeles abrasion value IS 2386-IV Max 40% Abrasion Value for action of
abrasion.
3.13.6. Flakiness and Elongation Index IS 2386 part 1a Max 40% shape size test.
3.13.7. Water absorption test and specific gravity IS: 2386 part3 Max 2% water observation.
3.13.8. Soundness test IS: 2386 part5 Sodium sulphate Max 12%, Magnesium sulphate Max
18% action on weathered.
3.13.9. Stone polish value BIS 812 part 114 for BC min-55%.
3.13.10.Sand equivalent value IS 2720 part 37 Min 50%.
3.13.11.Stripping value of aggregate IS 6241 Min 95% bitumen coating properties
3.14. Soil investigation
3.14.1. To be carried out in 500 to 1000 meter interval in road section and in borrow area
location @ 25m C/C pit excavated up to 1.5m and 3.0m
3.14.2. Gradation IS 2720-IV for classification of soil should not be OL,OI,OH.
3.14.3. Sand contain
3.14.4. Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit IS2720-V Max. 70% LL and Max 45% for plasticity index.
3.14.5. Maximum Dry Density and OMC IS 2720-VII,VIII for control field density up to 3m
<15.2KN/cum, Above 3m <16.0KN/cum and Sub grade Min 17.5KN/cum and water
contain +1% and -2% of OMC.
3.14.6. Deleterious contain IS 2720- XXVII for not salt contain.
3.14.7. Free swelling Index IS 2720-XL (40) for swelling pressure for Max 50% swelling Index.
3.14.8. Specific Gravity for Bulk density.
3.14.9. Unconsolidated Untrained Triaxial Test IS 2720-XII C, Ø for shear strength and
coefficient of internal friction for cohesive soil.
3.14.10. Standard penetration test for N value for safe bearing capacity of soil.
3.14.11. Cs,Cv,Pc consolidation pressure for consolidation test IS 2720 XV for consolidation
of soil in high embankment.
3.14.12. CBR California Bearing Ratio IS 2720-XVI for subgrade taking subgrade reaction load.
3.14.13. Sand Replacement method IS 2720-28 for field density.
3.14.14.Nuclear Density gauge ASTM-2922/ASHTOT-238 for field density.
3.14.15.Direct Shear test for C,Ø for sandy and gravel type soil cohesion less soil.
3.15. Land acquisition
3.15.1. Power to acquire land 3A- by gazette notification.
3.15.2. Power to enter for survey 3B –inspection survey investigation, measurement and
enquiry.
3.15.3. Hearing of objection 3C- within 21 days of publication to the objector an opportunity
being heard by legal practitioner.
3.15.4. Declaration of acquisition 3D- where no objection made. Competent authority
submitted central government a report by notification of official gazette.
3.15.5. Power to take possession 3E- Amount determined by competent authority under
section 3G and 3H competent authority given written direct to owner to possession.
3.15.6. Right to enter the land where land has vested in the central government-3F
authorized representative by central government enter for carrying out work in the
land.

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 3.15.7. Determination of amount payable as compensation 3G component authority give
public notice in two legal newspaper for claim for personal interest amount of
compensation determined by competent authority if any discrepancy arbitrator
appointed by central government.
3.15.8. Deposit and payment of amount 3H amount deposited by central government to
competent authority before taking possession of the land.
3.15.9. Competent authorities to have power of civil court 3I- summoning and enforcing
attendance examine witness.
3.15.10.Land acquisition Act of 1894 not to apply 3J.
3.16. Design Drawing and document.
3.16.1. Geometric design – topographic survey, location of deck level of bridges, social and
environmental impact assessment.
3.16.2. Pavement design – traffic and axial load analysis soil and material investigation.
3.16.3. Structural designing – Topographical survey, geotechnical investigation, road
alignment designing hydrological study.
3.16.4. Drain designing - Topographical survey, geotechnical investigation, road alignment
designing hydrological study.
3.16.5. Quantity and cost estimation- detail designing drawing and mitigation cost
environmental and social impact.
3.16.6. Procedure for Alignment designing 1. Checking survey data 2. Surface digital terrain
model, 3. Existing profile 4.Horizontal and vertical alignment, 5.Drawing, concept
and general arrangement.
3.16.7. Drawing 1. Location maps 1 in 50000 scales, 2. Land acquisition plan 1 in 2000, or 1
in 8000 scale, 3.Plan and longitudinal section scale horizontal in 1 in 2500 and
vertical in 1 in 250 for plan and rolling terrain and 1 in 1000 horizontal to 1 in 100
vertical in Ghats section or hilly terrain.4. Typical cross section, 5. Detail cross-section
1 in 100, 6. Cross drainage structure 1 in 50, 7.Road junction 1 in 50, 8. Drawing for
retaining wall, 9. Road furniture, 10. Road marking, 11. Mass diagram. And additional
data
3.16.8. Material labour plant requirement and available,
3.16.9. Rate SOR schedule of rate,
3.16.10.Construction program,
3.16.11.Site amenities, traffic control devices, road side plantation, turfing landscaping,
complete afforestation.
3.17. Environmental assessment and impact.
3.18. Detailed project report preparation procedure
3.18.1. Expression of interest EOI
3.18.1.1. Company profile
3.18.1.2. General qualification and experience
3.18.1.3. Experience in the field of Highway and transportation
3.18.1.4. Relevant service current and ongoing project
3.18.1.5. Financial status
3.18.2. Request for proposal RFP
3.18.2.1. Letter for invitation
3.18.2.2. Information to consultant
3.18.2.3. Standards forms and submittal request for technical proposal
3.18.2.4. Standards forms and submittal request for financial proposal
3.18.2.5. Proposal evaluation
3.18.2.6. Negotiation
3.18.2.7. Award of contract
3.18.2.8. Standard form of contract
3.18.3. Terms of reference TOR
3.18.3.1. Background of project

Page 21 of 99
 3.18.3.2. Outline of scope of service
3.18.3.3. Sequence of project preparation
3.18.3.4. Schedule of completion
3.18.3.5. Date service and facility provided by client
3.18.3.6. Description of the final output (report drawing and no of copies)
3.18.3.7. Procedure of review of report
3.18.3.8. List of key position
3.18.3.8.1. Senior highway engineer cum team leader
3.18.3.8.2. Highway engineer cum deputy team leader
3.18.3.8.3. Senior pavement specialist
3.18.3.8.4. Pavement specialist
3.18.3.8.5. Senior bridge specialist
3.18.3.8.6. Bridge specialist
3.18.3.8.7. Traffic engineer
3.18.3.8.8. Material cum geotechnical Engineer
3.18.3.8.9. Senior survey engineer
3.18.3.8.10. Survey engineer
3.18.3.8.11. Transport economist
3.18.3.8.12. Environmental specialist
3.18.3.8.13. Resettlement specialist
3.18.4. Technical proposal TP
3.18.4.1. Firm reference, past experience
3.18.4.2. PDS – project data sheet
3.18.4.3. Commends and suggestion in TOR
3.18.4.4. Data service provided by client
3.18.4.5. Description of the methodology and work plan
3.18.4.6. Team composition and task assignment
3.18.4.7. Cv of proposal key professional staff
3.18.4.8. Activity work schedule
3.18.4.9. Time schedule for technical personnel
3.18.5. Financial proposal FP
3.18.5.1. Cost summary
3.18.5.2. Break down coat per activity
3.18.5.3. Breakdown of remuneration of key professional
3.18.5.4. Reimbursable cost
3.18.5.5. MISC experience if any
3.18.6. Evaluation of proposal EP
3.18.6.1. Technical proposal first achieved than
3.18.6.2. Financial proposal
3.18.7. Negotiation and award of contract
3.18.8. Quality Assurance Plan
3.18.8.1. Quality goad and objective Compliance with codal provision and TOR
by controlling human skill
3.18.8.2. Purpose QAP (written term and sequence)
3.18.8.3. Element of Quality Assurance system
3.18.8.4. Approach and methodology
3.18.8.5. QAP needs to be formulated
3.18.8.5.1. Topographic survey
3.18.8.5.2. Traffic survey
3.18.8.5.3. Geotechnical material investigation
3.18.8.5.4. Conditional survey and design of bridge structure
3.18.8.5.5. Design of highway and pavement
3.18.8.5.6. Economic and financial analysis

Page 22 of 99
 3.18.8.5.7. Environmental social impact assessment
3.18.9. Inception report
3.18.9.1. Understanding TOR
3.18.9.2. Methodology
3.18.9.3. Primary data
3.18.9.3.1. Traffic survey
3.18.9.3.2. Topographic survey
3.18.9.3.3. Preliminary investigation survey
3.18.9.4. Secondary data
3.18.9.4.1. Survey of India topographic sheet
3.18.9.4.2. Geological map of the area
3.18.9.4.3. Satellite mapping for long bypass
3.18.9.4.4. GTS bench mark location and levels
3.18.9.4.5. Previous traffic count data 5-10 year old
3.18.9.4.6. Geotechnical data old new for cross drainage and bridges
3.18.9.4.7. PWD identify quarry , sand, stone chips and other
material
3.18.9.4.8. Schedule of rate of state
3.18.9.4.9. Authentic information ROW
3.18.9.4.10. Metrological data
3.18.9.4.11. Classified vehicle registration data of the state
3.18.9.4.12. Underground/ overhead utilities may need shifting
3.18.9.4.13. Statistical / economic data of the NSDP, PCI population
3.18.9.4.14. Accidental information and identification of potential
black spot.
3.18.10. Feasibility report
3.18.10.1. Executive summary
3.18.10.2. Key plan of various traffic survey and homogeneous section
3.18.10.3. Methodology adopted for studies
3.18.10.4. Technical/ engineering alternative description
3.18.10.5. Request for service road and toll plaza
3.18.10.6. Traffic survey and analysis
3.18.10.7. Preliminary inspection report of bridge and structure
3.18.10.8. Requirement of new ROB/RUB
3.18.10.9. Project description
3.18.10.10. Preliminary environmental analysis
3.18.10.11. Preliminary social impact
3.18.10.12. Strip plan of utility shifting
3.18.10.13. Pavement study identification of section for carrying out
representative test
3.18.10.14. Cost estimation
3.18.10.15. Preliminary economic analysis
3.18.10.16. Indicative design standards and specification
3.18.10.17. Conclusion and recommendation
3.18.11.Preliminary Project report
3.18.11.1. Executive summary
3.18.11.2. introduction
3.18.11.3. Methodology
3.18.11.4. Description of project stretch and location map
3.18.11.5. Highway design
3.18.11.6. Traffic survey and topographic survey
3.18.11.7. pavement
3.18.11.8. drainage and hydraulic survey

Page 23 of 99
 3.18.11.9. Geotechnical and material investigation
3.18.11.10. Bride culvert
3.18.11.11. Environmental impact assessment
3.18.11.12. Project cost estimate
3.18.11.13. Economic evaluation.
3.18.11.14. Bottle neck of DPR
3.18.11.15. Feasibility report and Preliminary Project report are same only time
line and details of work
3.18.12. Daily Project report
3.18.12.1. Detail project report
3.18.12.2. Design and drawing
3.18.12.3. Cost estimation
3.18.12.4. Bid document
3.18.13. International competitive Bid
3.18.13.1. BOQ
3.18.13.2. Detail drawing
3.18.13.3. Condition of contract as per international standard
3.19. Xxx

D. Quality Control & Quality Assurance

4. Quality Control and Quality Assurance MORTH 900, IRC SP-11
4.1. Line center line true line as per drawing
4.1.1. Tolerance in alignment +-10mm in carriageway edge.
4.1.2. +- 25mm in lower layer of pavement edge.
4.1.3. Kerb +-6mm all is measure true centre line as per drawing.
4.2. Level
4.2.1. Sub grade +-20mm.
4.2.2. Sub base Flexible pavement +-10mm DLC -+6mm.

Page 24 of 99
 4.2.3. Base coarse Flexible Machine laid +-10mm, manually +-15mm, bituminous course +-
6mm.
4.2.4. Wearing coarse Machine laid +-6mm manually +-10mm Cement concrete +-5mm, at
0-30cm from edge.
4.2.5. Thickness tolerance 4mm for wearing course of less than 40mm 3mm for layer
thickness less than 30mm, 5mm for concrete slab
4.2.6. Negative tolerance in wearing course not permitted in conjunction with positive
tolerance of base course for flexible pavement thickness not less than 6mm and
5mm for concrete pavement, level are taken sub base to base course longitudinally
6.25m interval and traverse 3.5 longitudinally and for wearing course longitudinal
6.25m interval and traverse 0.5meter both side of carriageway and centre of
carriageway.
4.3. Surface irregularity IRC SP 16
4.3.1. Parallel to centreline Measure with 3.0 meter straight edge parallel to centre line at
middle of each traffic lane.

Surface of carriageway and Surface of bus bay, service area and

paved shoulder all bituminous base course

Irregularity 4mm 7mm 4mm 7mm

Length 300 75 300 75 300 75 300 75

at NH 15 9 2 1 40 18 4 2

4.3.2. Perpendicular to centreline at point decided by Engineer

4.3.2.1. 3mm for wearing course
4.3.2.2. 6mm for bituminous base course
4.3.2.3. 8mm for granular sub base and base course
4.3.2.4. 10mm for sub base under concrete pavement
4.3.2.5. 15mm for subgrade
4.3.3. Rectification
4.3.3.1. Subgrade/Granular Sub Base higher level suitable trimmed and
compacted and lower levels scarify and add fresh material and
compacted.
4.3.3.2. Lime/cement stabilize soil sub base higher level is trimmed and
compacted care to be taken lower below material not disturb, lower
level less than 2 hour of laying 50mm scarify and fresh material added
and compacted, for more than 2 hours of laying full depth layer
removed and fresh material replaced with old material and
compacted for lime treated and for cement treated instead of 2 hours
3 hours consider.
4.3.3.3. Water bond macadam/ Wet mixed macadam sub base higher and
lower level are scarify 75mm and reshape with additional material if
required and compacted.
4.3.3.4. Bituminous construction other than wearing course lower level add
fresh material with suitable tack coat and compaction higher level
remove full depth and replace with fresh material. For wearing course
remove full depth and replace with fresh material area treated not
less than 5m length and 3.5m wide.
4.3.3.5. Dry lean concrete replace full depth with fresh material area treated
not less than 3m long and 3.5m wide.
4.3.3.6. Cement concrete pavement exceeding 3mm to 6mm higher level
rectify with bump cutting or grinding and retexture by cutting groove

Page 25 of 99
 5mm deep and surface hacking. Higher area 6mm and lower area
can’t be rectify demolish and reconstruction.
4.4. Soil testing IS 2720, BS 1377
4.4.1. Gradation IS 1498 for classification of soil, and soil contain. Classification of soil as
clay <0.002mm silt < 0.05-0.002mm sand <2mm-0.05gravel<75mm Boulders should
not be OL,OI,OH,
4.4.2. Sand contain (IS 2720-part-IV) 2 test per 3000cum.
4.4.3. Organic contain IS 2720 part 22
4.4.4. Specific gravity IS 2720
4.4.5. Shrinkage limit
4.4.6. Plasticity (IS 2720-part-V) 2 test per 3000cum. Liquid limit max70%, plasticity index
max 45%
4.4.7. Density (IS 2720-part-8) 2 test per 3000cum. Modified proctor test heavy
compaction
4.4.8. Field dry density IS 2720 part-29 core cutting method
4.4.9. Field dry density IS 2720 part 28 sand replacement method
4.4.10. Deleterious contain (IS 2720-part-27) when required slat like sodium sulphate 0.2 to
1% Maximum.
4.4.11. Moisture contain (IS 2720-part-2) +1-2 % of OMC one test per 250cum.
4.4.12. Free swelling index IS 2720 part-40 Maximum 50%
4.4.13. Soluble Sulphate contain maximum 1.9gm per liter BS 1377 test 10 by using 2:1
water soil ratio.
4.4.14. Total Sulphate contain maximum 0.5% by mass BS 1377 test 9 IS 2720 part 27
4.4.15. Unconsolidated Untrained Triaxial Test IS 2720-XII C,Ø for shear strength and
coefficient of internal friction for cohesive soil.
4.4.16. Direct shear test for cohesion less soil
4.4.17. Standard penetration test for N value for safe bearing capacity of soil. IS 2131
4.4.18. Cs,Cv,Pc consolidation pressure for consolidation test IS 2720 XV for consolidation of
soil in high embankment.
4.5. Aggregate testing IS 2386 and IS 383 specifications.
4.5.1. Coarse aggregate retain in 4.75mm and fine aggregate pass in 4.75mm IS sieve.
4.5.2. Gradation IS 2386 part 1a cleanness 75micron passing
4.5.3. Aggregate Impact value IS 2386 part 4
4.5.4. Los Angeles Abrasion Value IS 2386 part 4
4.5.5. Aggregate crushing value IS 2386 part 4
4.5.6. 10% fines value BS 812 part 111 SP 23
4.5.7. Alkali aggregate reactivity IS 2386 part 7
4.5.8. Surface moisture contain IS 2386 part3
4.5.9. Petrographic examination IS 2386 part 8
4.5.10. Atterberg limit IS 2720 part-5
4.5.11. Dry density IS 2720 part 8
4.5.12. Moisture contain IS 2720 part-2
4.5.13. CBR California bearing Ration IS 2720-part-16
4.5.14. Flakiness and Elongation Index IS 2386 part 1a
4.5.15. Specific gravity and water observation test IS 2386 part 3
4.5.16. Soundness test IS 2386 part5 Sodium sulphate Maximum 12% and Magnesium
sulphate Maximum 18%
4.5.17. Stone polish value BIS 812 part 114
4.5.18. Sand equivalent value IS 2720 part 37
4.5.19. Stripping value of aggregate IS 6241
4.5.20. Percentage of facture face IS 2386 part 1a
4.6. Bitumen testing

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 4.6.1. For VG-30 IS code 1201-20 for testing and specification IS 73 and Modified bitumen
and CRMB Crumb rubber modified Bitumen IRC SP 53 Cutback IS 217, Emulsion IS
8887
4.6.2. Softening point IS 1205 CRMB min 60C min
4.6.3. Penetration test at 25C and 4C IS 1203 CRMB-30-50
4.6.4. Elastic recovery IRC SP-53 CRMB-60 min
4.6.5. Solubility in Trichrloethelene IS 1216
4.6.6. Ductility IS 1208 min 60
4.6.7. Separation test IRC SP 53 CRMB max 3%
4.6.8. Specific gravity IS 1202-
4.6.9. Flash point IS 1209 CRMB -220C
4.6.10. Loss on heating
4.6.11. Dynamic shear Rhemeter phase angle plotted with Y-axis plasticity and X axis
Elasticity ASTMD 7875-08
4.6.12. Frass breaking initially at submission
4.6.13. Viscosity at 150C IS 1206 for absolute and for Kinetic 5-9
4.6.14. Thin film oven test (Penetration, softening point, elastic recovery reduce on heating)
4.6.15. Bitumen Mix
4.6.16. Water sensitivity of mix retain tensile strength minimum 75%
4.6.17. Mixed grading IRC: SP 11
4.6.18. Stability of mix Marshall specimen ASTND 2726/1188
4.6.19. Flow value 2-4 ASTND 2726/1188
4.6.20. Air voids 3-6 ASTND 2726/1188
4.6.21. Compaction level 75 blow each face (two face)
4.6.22. Void filed with bitumen 65-75% ASTND 2726/1188
4.6.23. Control of Temperature Binder boiler, Aggregate in drying Mixing time
4.6.24. Density of void contain AASHTO Designation: T 230 – 68
4.6.25. Swell test on the mixed for BC
4.7. Emulsion RS1 IS 8887
4.7.1. Residue in 600 micron sieve Max 0.05
4.7.2. Viscosity 20-100
4.7.3. Coagulation at low temperature NIL
4.7.4. Storage stability after 24 Hr. 2 Max.
4.7.5. Particle charge +ve
4.7.6. Residue by evaporation 60 min
4.7.7. Penetration 80-150mm
4.7.8. Solubility in trichrloethelene 98%
4.7.9. Distillation at 190 to 315 NIL
4.8. Tack coat SS1
4.8.1. Residue in 600 micron sieve Max 0.05
4.8.2. Viscosity 20-100
4.8.3. Coagulation at low temperature NIL
4.8.4. Storage stability after 24 Hr. 2 Max.
4.8.5. Particle charge weak +ve
4.8.6. Residue by evaporation 50 min
4.8.7. Penetration 80-150mm
4.8.8. Solubility in trichrloethelene 98%
4.8.9. Distillation at 190C 20-55,225C 30-75, 260C 40-90, 315C 60-100,
4.8.10. Water by mass 2% Max
4.9. Sand testing IS 650 Specification
4.9.1. Sieve analysis 2mm to 90 micron size IS 2386 part 1 divided in to Zone-I Zone-II and
Zone-III Zone-I is coarser and Zone –III is finer
4.9.2. Cohesion C value

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 4.9.3. Angle of shearing resistance ¢
4.9.4. Silt contain Material finer than 75 micron maximum 3%
4.9.5. Fineness Modulus IS 2386 Part 5 Value 2-3.5
4.9.6. Loss on extraction with hot hydrochloric acid maximum 0.25%
4.10. Cement testing (33 grade IS 269, 43 grade IS 8112 53 grade IS 12269)
4.10.1. Chemical test 4032, Physical test 4031
4.10.2. For 43 grade Chemical test IS 8112
4.10.3. Chlorides contain Maximum 0.05% IS 12423
4.10.4. Ration of Alumina to Iron Oxide Minimum 0.66
4.10.5. Magnesium MgO Maximum 6.0%
4.10.6. Sulphuric Anhydride (% by mass) Maximum 3.0%
4.10.7. Loss on Ignition Maximum 5.0%
4.10.8. Insoluble residue maximum 3.0%
4.10.9. Lime saturated factor Value 0.66-1.02
4.10.10.Standard consistency test IS 4031 Part-4 (Percentage of water contain this % age
use
4.10.11.for initial and final setting time test by using 0.85P of water )
4.10.12.Initial setting time IS 4031 part-5 minimum 30 minute
4.10.13.Final setting time IS 4031 part-5 Maximum 600 minute to 10 Hours.
4.10.14.Compressive strength IS 4031 part 6 for 3 days 23Mpa, 7 days 33 Mpa, 28 days 43
Mpa.
4.10.15.Specific gravity IS 4031 part 11 Minimum 3.14
4.10.16.Fineness cement IS 4031 part-1 Maximum 10% by sieving with 90 micron IS sieve
retain percentage
4.10.17. Soundness (le-chatlier method) IS 4031 part-3 Maximum 10mm
4.10.18. Span more than 30m PCC grade minimum cement contain 360 water cement
ration 0.45 grade of concrete M25-30 , RCC, 400, 0.4-0.45,M35-40, PSC 400, 0.4-
0.45, M35-40,
4.10.19. Span less than 30m PCC, 250-310, 0.45-0.5, 15-20, RCC-310-410,0.45-0.4,20-25
cement contain increase 10% in under water concrete and decries 10% in 40mm
aggregate used. Maximum 540m maximum
4.10.20. Mix design as per IS 10262
4.10.21. Permissible limit in mix cement +-3% Sand +-3% aggregate +-3% Admixture +-5%
corresponding quantity of mix design.
4.10.22. Density of concrete 97.5% minimum.
4.10.23. Reduction in less quality work = (Design strength-Observe strength)*100/design
strength
4.10.24. Fixed targeted mean strength MORTH section 1704, Fck=Fck+1.65S (S= standard
deviation value 4-5) Fck characteristic compressive strength.
4.10.25. Select water cement ratio MORTH section 1700-3 table generally 0.4 for increase
of 25mm 3% additional increase in water contain
4.10.26. Select cement contain MORTH section 1700-3 table.
4.10.27. Grade of concrete cement per cum. And water cement ratio M15-250-0.5,M20-
300,M25-344-0.45,M30-390-0.43, M35-400-0.4, M40-425-0.4, M45-445-0.38,
M50-480-0.34, M55-495, M60-430,
4.10.28. Determine water contain.
4.10.29. V=[W+C/Sc)+(1/pXFa/Sfa)]*1/1000
4.10.30. V= 98% and 2% for air contain, W = water contain, C =mass of cement, Sc=specific
gravity of cement, p= percentage of aggregate =40% for sand and 60% for
aggregate , Fa= fina aggregate mass, and Sfa= specific gravity of fine aggregate.
4.10.31. If fly ash used 25% fly ash used to increase 10% cementations material saving of
cement is approx. 50kg per cum.

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 4.10.32. Select sand contain volume sand 40% of total volume less 2% for air voids and
aggregate 60%
4.10.33. Total aggregate, for 10mm and 20mm ratio is 40 to 60 %
4.10.34. Slump test IS 1199PCC inclined -25mm, RCC widely space Steel-40-50, RCC fair
Steel 50-75mm, RCC PSC congested Steel-75-125, Underground concrete-100-
200,Pump able concrete 100-125.
4.10.35. Strength of concrete IS 11993 and 516 Cubes for each batch of concrete for 7 days
testing and another 3 for 28 days, (a) Mean strength from any group of 4
consecutive samples should exceed specified characteristic compressive strength.
(b) Strength of any sample not less than specified characteristic compressive
strength minus 3.Mpa, for compressive strength frequency of testing 1-5 cum (1
set) 6-15 cum(2 set) 16-30 cum( 3set) 31-50 cum(4 set) 51 and above additional of
50 cum one set extra. maximum 5% expected to fail
4.10.36. Variation +-15% of average for flexural strength =0.7√ Fck measure Fb=PxL/BxD^2
unit in Mpa P= applied load, L-= effective length, B= width of sample, D= Depth of
section.
4.10.37. IS 516 Tensile strength of concrete cylinder =2P/3.141DxL where P=load D= dia of
specimen, L= length of specimen
4.10.38. IS 516 modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec=5000√Fck
4.10.39. IS 10080, 10086 Water permeability of concrete by applying water pressure and
penetrate on concrete surface by crushing it measure depth.
4.10.40. IS 1199 Bleeding of concrete in plastic condition maximum 5%
=VmXWX100/W1XS1 where Vm= volume of bleed water W= net mass of water in
concrete W1= Total mass of concrete S= total mass of sample.
4.10.41. Unit weight of freshly mixed concrete IS 1199
4.10.42. Air contain in freshly mixed concrete IS 1199
4.10.43. Mold preparation cube 3 layer 35 blow each layer with 16mm dia. temping rod,
Cylinder 3 layer with 30 blow and Beam 3 layer with 35 blow.
4.11. Steel testing IS 1786
4.11.1. Carbon contain Maximum 0.30%
4.11.2. Sulphur contain Maximum 0.06%
4.11.3. Phosphorus contain Maximum 0.06%
4.11.4. Sulphur and Phosphorus combine contain 0.11% Maximum
4.11.5. Ultimate tensile strength 10% more than actual 0.2% proof stress but not less than
485 Mpa
4.11.6. 0.2% proof stress Minimum 415 Mpa.
4.11.7. %age of elongation 14.5 minimum
4.11.8. Bend and rebind test satisfactory.
4.11.9. Mass per meter run Kg 32mm dia. 6.31+-3%, 28mm 4.83+-3%, 25mm 3.85+-3%,
20mm2.47+-3%, 16mm1.58+-5%, 12mm 0.888+-5%, 10mm 0.617+-7%, 8mm 0.395+-
7%.
4.12. Water for concrete IS 3025
4.12.1. PH value IS 3025 part11 Minimum 6
4.12.2. Sulphate (SO4) IS 3025 part 24 value 500mg/litre maximum
4.12.3. Chlorides (Cl) IS: 3025 part 32 par value 24500 mg /litre, Maximum 250 mg /litre
Maximum. NaOH (Neutralization with phenolphthalein as indicator) IS: 3025 part
22Maximum of 2ml of 0, Normal NaOH to neutralize 200ml of water
4.12.4. HCL (Neutralize action with methyl orange as indicator)IS: 3025 part 23Maximum of
10ml of 0.1normal HCL to neutralize 200ml of water.
4.12.5. Suspended matter IS: 3025 part 17 value 2000mg /litre Maximum.
4.12.6. Organic matter IS: 3025 part 18 value 200mg /litre Maximum.
4.12.7. In-organic matter IS: 3025 part 18 value 3000mg/ litre Maximum
4.13. Hi-tension Strand IS 14268

Page 29 of 99
 4.13.1. Nominal diameter of strand 15.35
4.13.2. Nominal mass Kg/Km 1136.1
4.13.3. Nominal area 144.6 sqmm.
4.13.4. 2% proof load 243.88 KN
4.13.5. Breaking strength of strand 270.7 KN
4.13.6. Elongation 4.3%
4.14. Curing compound
4.14.1. Water contain as per ASTM C156 not more than 0.55Kg/m2
4.14.2. Reflectance day light reflectance of white, pigment compound as per E97 not more
than 4 hour
4.14.3. Dry time ASTM C309
4.14.4. Long term setting ASTM D1309
4.14.5. Nonvolatile contain D1644
4.15. Admixture IS 9103 specification
4.15.1. Dry material contains 3% Maximum liquid admixture.
4.15.2. Ash contain Max 1%
4.15.3. PH min 6%
4.15.4. Water Soluble chlorite Max 10%
4.15.5. Relative density 0.02
4.16. Anti-stripping Agent IS 14982
4.16.1. S
4.17. Expansion joint
4.18. Pre-stressed material test
4.19. Elastomeric Bearing IS 3400
4.19.1. Visual dimension.
4.19.2. Hardness IS 3400 part 2 60+-5
4.19.3. Minimum tensile strength IS 3400 part 1 in Mpa 17
4.19.4. Minimum ultimate elongation IS 3400 part 1 in 400%
4.19.5. Heat resistance at 72hr 100C IS 3400 part 4 hardness 15 max change tensile strength
max change -15max change in ultimate elongation -30.
4.19.6. Max compressive strength 22 Hr. at 100C IS 3400 part 5 35%
4.19.7. Bond tensile strength KNm min 7
4.19.8. Stiffness test
4.19.9. Shear test
4.20. Not destructive test of concrete
4.20.1. Rebound hammer test IS-13311(Patr-2)
4.20.2. Ultrasonic pulse velocity test IS -13311(Patr-1)
4.20.3. Core cutting
4.20.4. Pullout test IS 2770 part-1
4.21. Pile test
4.21.1. Initial vertical pile load test static
4.21.2. Dynamic high strain
4.21.3. Dynamic low strain
4.21.4. Pullout test IS 2770 part-1
4.21.5. Ultrasonic pulse velocity test IS -13311(Patr-1)
4.22. Testing of well foundation
4.22.1. Tilt and shift record
4.22.2. Well sinking history
4.22.3. Permeability test
4.22.4. Unconsolidated Untrained Triaxial Test IS 2720-XII C,Ø for shear strength and
coefficient of internal friction for cohesive soil.
4.22.5. Cs,Cv,Pc consolidation pressure for consolidation test IS 2720 XV for consolidation of
soil in high embankment test.

Page 30 of 99
4.23. Embankment IRC 36
4.23.1. layer thickness 250mm if vibrio hammer used
4.23.2. Shrinkage % for soil is 10-20% whereas swelling percentage for rock is 20-40%
4.23.3. Gradation IS 1498 for classification of soil, and soil contain. Classification of soil as
clay <0.01mm soil < 0.1mm sand <2mm gravel<75mm Boulders should not be
OL,OI,OH,
4.23.4. Sand contain (IS 2720-part-IV) 2 test per 3000cum.
4.23.5. Organic contain IS 2720 part 22
4.23.6. Specific gravity IS 2720
4.23.7. Plasticity (IS 2720-part-V) 2 test per 3000cum. Liquid limit max70%, plasticity index
max 45%
4.23.8. Density (IS 2720-part-8) 2 test per 3000cum. Modified proctor test heavy
compaction
4.23.9. Deleterious contain (IS 2720-part-27) when required slat like sodium sulphate 0.2
to 1% Maximum.
4.23.10. Moisture contain (IS 2720-part-2) +1-2 % of OMC one test per 250cum.
4.23.11. Free swelling index IS 2720 part-40 Maximum 50%
4.23.12. Soluble sulphate contain maximum 1.9gm per liter BS 1377 test 10 by using 2:1
water soil ratio.
4.23.13. Total sulphate contain maximum 0.5% by mass BS 1377 test 9 IS 2720 part 27
4.23.14. Maximum size of material 75mm
4.23.15. Embankment up to 3m height minimum 15.2KN/cum dry density and exceeding 3
meter 16.0KN/cum maximum dry density.
4.23.16. Field dry density Minimum mean value 95% up to 6.0 meter embankment and
mean value 97% for above 6.0 meter embankment height of maximum dry density
IS-2720-part-28) or Nuclear Density Gauge ASTM 2922/ASHTOT-238 one test per
1000sqm.Min 6nos sample per set and 5-10 set mean value determine acceptance
criteria {1.65-1.65/No.of sample^2} times standard deviation.

4.23.17. Standard deviation formula.

4.23.18. For High embankment
4.23.19. Unconsolidated Untrained Triaxial Test IS 2720-XII C,Ø for shear strength and
coefficient of internal friction.
4.23.20. Standard penetration test for N value for safe bearing capacity of soil. IS 2131
4.23.21. Cs,Cv,Pc consolidation pressure for consolidation test IS 2720 XV for consolidation
of soil in high embankment.
4.24. Subgrade
4.24.1. Same as embankment except.
4.24.2. CBR (IS 2720-part-16) one test per 3000cum. Minimum 10%
4.24.3. Maximum size of material 50mm
4.24.4. Minimum density 17.5KN/cum for maximum dry density.
4.24.5. Field dry density minimum 97% of maximum dry density IS-2720-part-28) one test
per 500sqm.Min 6nos sample per set and 5-10 set mean value determine acceptance
criteria {1.65-1.65/No.of sample^2} times standard deviation. Nuclear Density Gauge
ASTM 2922/ASHTOT-238
4.25. Granular Sub Base
4.25.1. Six grading Grade I,II,III,IV,V,IV
4.25.2. GSB grade III and IV used as lower sub base crushed drainage layer 20mm 25%
10mm 43% and stone dust 32% MDD 2.23 and Grade V and VI used as upper sub
base
4.25.3. Job Mixed formula for GSB crushed 40mm 40%, 20mm Aggregate 10%, 10mm 10%
stone dust 40% density 2.224
Page 31 of 99
 4.25.4. If crushed aggregate Moorum 55% 20mm 20% sand 25% density 2.237 for GSB.
4.25.5. Minimum layer thickness 200mm.
4.25.6. Gradation one test per 200cum. (IS 2720-part-IV) for soil and 2386 part1 for
aggregate
4.25.7. Atterberg limit one test per 200cum. (IS 2720-part-V) liquid limit max 25% plasticity
index max 6%
4.25.8. Moisture contains prior to compaction one test per 500cum. (IS 2720-part-2) +1-2
%
4.25.9. 10% fine ness value in soak condition 50KN BS 812 part111
4.25.10. Water observation of aggregate maximum 2% IS 2386 part-3 specific gravity.
4.25.11. If aggregate fall in water observation test than tested for wet aggregate impact
value as per IS 5640 maximum 40% value.
4.25.12. Soluble sulphate contain maximum 1.9gm per liter BS 1377 test 10 by using 2:1
water soil ratio.
4.25.13. Total sulphate contain maximum 0.5% by mass BS 1377 test 9 IS 2720 part-27
4.25.14. Organic contain IS 2720 part 22
4.25.15. Field dry density 98% of maximum dry density IS-2720-part-28) one test per
500sqm.Min 6nos sample per set and 5-10 set mean value determine acceptance
criteria {1.65-1.65/No.of sample^2} times standard deviation. Nuclear Density
Gauge ASTM 2922/ASHTOT-238
4.25.16. Deleterious constituents as per required.
4.25.17. CBR (IS 2720-part-16) one test per 3000cum. Minimum 30% as per gradation.
4.25.18. Permeability of granular layer
For filler / separation layer
D15 of filter layer /D15 of subgrade layer >=5
D15 of filter layer /D85 of subgrade layer <=5
For prevent entry of soil particle to drainage layer
D50 of filter layer /D50 of subgrade layer <=25
D85 means the size of sieve that allow 85% material pass through it
Permeability of sub base 300m/day
Inflation of water 0.223m^3/day/m =lc
Qi=Ic(Nc/Wp+Wc/C5Wp)+Kp
4.26. Lime soil stabilization
4.26.1. Effective for soil having high percentage of clay and silt or plasticity index more than
8%
4.26.2. Degree of pulverizing and deleterious content
4.26.3. Lime quality should be minimum 70% as per IS 1514 and not exposed to atmosphere.
4.26.4. JOB mixed CBR/UCS test minimum 1.5 times required field value Generally 4-6% of
lime used in mix design.
4.26.5. Not applicable for atmosphere temperature 10% or less
4.26.6. Density 98% as per IS 2720 part-8
4.26.7. Moisture contain +1,-2% IS 720-2
4.26.8. Mixing and placing Maximum 3 hours 7 days curing time required as well as lab test
after 7 days.
4.27. Cement treated base
4.27.1. Liquid limit 45% maximum
4.27.2. Plasticity index max 20%
4.27.3. Compaction done max 2 hours after mixing
4.27.4. 7 days UCS test result with 12cycle wet dry condition and 1.5 times required field
test result.
4.27.5. Cement not less than 2% generally 4% mix design for 1.75 Mpa for 7 day wet moist
condition
4.27.6. Moisture contain +1,-2% of OMC,

Page 32 of 99
4.28. Wet mixed macadam
4.28.1. Job mixed formula 40mm 35%, 20mm 15%, 10mm21% and Stone dust 29%, density
2.367
4.28.2. layer thickness 75mm to 200mm
4.28.3. Minimum facture face 2
4.28.4. Maximum dry density IS 2720 part 8 modified protector heavy compaction.
4.28.5. Aggregate Impact one test per 200 cum. Minimum 30% IS 2386 part4 and IS 5640
4.28.6. Gradation one test per 100cum. IS 2386 part-1
4.28.7. Loss angel abrasion maximum 40% IS 2386 part-4
4.28.8. Water observation of aggregate maximum 2% IS 2386 part-3 and specific gravity
4.28.9. Combine Flakiness and Elongation index one test per 200cum. Maximum 35% IS
2386 part-1 means first flakiness test and balance remaining material go for
elongation test and result is combine flakiness index plus elongation index.
4.28.10. Atterberg limit one test per 100cum. Maximum 6 Plasticity index IS 2720 part 5-
425micron pass
4.28.11. Field dry density 98% of lab density IS-2720-part-28) one test per 500sqm.Min
6nos sample per set and 5-10 set mean value determine acceptance criteria {1.65-
1.65/No.of sample^2} times standard deviation. Nuclear Density Gauge ASTM
2922/ASHTOT-238.
4.28.12. Mixing at mechanically operated pug mill, spread with minimum 8.5m screed or
motor grader
4.28.13. Layer thickness max 100 mm for static roller of 8-10 ton and 200mm for vibro
roller of 8-10 ton.
4.28.14. Speed of roller 5km/hour and compaction 98%
4.28.15. Rectification area not less than 5.0X2.0m and fresh material added and level with
compaction.
4.29. Kerb and island
4.29.1. Median and island minimum 300 mm projection above pavement
4.29.2. Concrete kerb block can be used where paver not practically feasible, 50mm
projected of M-15 concrete for kerb foundation and used farm ground.
4.29.3. Saw cut @5.0 in green concrete
4.29.4. Vertical and horizontal tolerance +-6mm
4.29.5. Grade of concrete M-20
4.29.6. Generally two type of kerb barrier type and mountable type,
4.30. Dense Bituminous macadam
4.30.1. Job mixed formula 25mm 36%, 10mm 27%, dust 35% lime 2% Bitumen 4.58%
Density 2.523
4.30.2. layer thickness 75-100mm Grade I (37.5mm aggregate 4.0% bitumen)and Grade II-
50-75mm thick (26.5mm 4.5% bitumen)
4.30.3. Quality of binder IS 73. IS 73 testing IS 1201 to 1220
4.30.4. Filler 2% by mass of aggregate plasticity index max 4. IS 2720 part-5 if aggregate fail
to meet water sensitivity test additional added in job mixed formula. Gradation IS
sieved 0.6mm 10% passing, 0.3mm 95-100% passing and 0.075mm 85-100% passing.
Purity of lime minimum 80%
4.30.5. Gradation Maximum 5% passing 75 micron sieve IS 2386 part-1 for grade-1
maximum layer thickness 80-100mm aggregate maximum size 40mm bitumen
contain 4% grade-2 maximum aggregate 25mm Bitumen contain 4.5% layer
thickness Maximum 50-75mm.
4.30.6. Aggregate impact value max 27% IS 2386 part-4
4.30.7. Loss angle abrasion value max 35% IS 2386 part-4
4.30.8. Flakiness and Elongation index Max 30% IS 2386 part-1
4.30.9. Stripping value minimum 95% IS 6241
4.30.10. Sand equivalent test min 50% IS 2720 part 37

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 4.30.11. Plasticity index max 4 IS 2720 part-5
4.30.12. Water sensitivity of mix retain tensile strength minimum 80%
4.30.13. Mixed grading one set per 400 ton minimum 2 set per day IRC: SP 11
4.30.14. Stability of mix 20-25KN at 60C for grade-1 and 9KN at 60C for grade 11 minimum
one set per 400 ton minimum 2 set per day one set 3 Marshall specimen ASTND
2726/1188
4.30.15. Flow value 2-4 ASTND 2726/1188
4.30.16. Air voids 3-6 ASTND 2726/1188
4.30.17. Compaction level 75 blow each face (two face)
4.30.18. Void filed with bitumen 65-75% ASTND 2726/1188
4.30.19. Voids filled with aggregate VMA 10-16 % ASTND 2726/1188
4.30.20. Water observation of aggregate maximum 2% specific gravity IS 2386 part-3
4.30.21. Soundness (Magnesium sulphate maximum 18% and sodium sulphate maximum
12%) BS 1377 test 9 IS 2720 part-27
4.30.22. Percentage of facture face IS 2386 part 1a
4.30.23. Binder contain and aggregate grading 4-4.5% as per MS-2 asphalt institute
4.30.24. Control of temperature 150-165C at time binder mixing temp 150-170 Aggregate
mixing temp Mixed material 165Maximum laying temperature 125C rolling
temperature 90minimum temperature.
4.30.25. Control of job mixed formula binder +-0.3% temperature +-10C and aggregate +-8
to +11.5% permissible one test per 400 ton minimum two tests per day.
4.30.26. Rate of spreading of mixed material
4.30.27. Density of compacted layer 98% of lab density one test per 250sqm core cutting
method. AASHTO Designation: T 230 - 68
4.30.28. Static creep test ASTMD 3535-07 stress and strain curve for Marshall mold.
4.30.29. Modulus of resilience ASTM-7369 load observe before deformation for Marshall
R=Y62/2E Y- yiels stress E- Youngs modulus.
4.31. Bituminous concrete
4.31.1. Job mixed formula 20mm 34%, 10mm 20%, stone dust 44% cement 2% Bitumen
5.06% density 2.596.
4.31.2. layer thickness 50mm grade-1(19mm aggregate) and 30-40mm grade2
(13.2mm)bitumen 5.2% grade 1 and 5.4 grade -2
4.31.3. Quality of binder IS 73 testing IS 1201 to 1220
4.31.4. Filler 2% by mass of aggregate plasticity index max 4. IS 2720 part-5 if aggregate fail
to meet water sensitivity test additional added in job mixed formula. Gradation IS
sieve 0.6mm 10% passing, 0.3mm 95-100% passing and 0.075mm 85-100% passing
4.31.5. Gradation Maximum 5% passing 75 micron sieve IS 2386 part-1 for grade-1
maximum layer thickness 50-65mm aggregate maximum size 19 mm bitumen
contain 5-6% grade-2 maximum aggregate 13 mm Bitumen contain 5-7 % layer
thickness Maximum 30-45mm.
4.31.6. Aggregate impact value 24% maximum IS 2386 part-4
4.31.7. Loss angle abrasion value 30% maximum IS 2386 part-4
4.31.8. Flakiness and Elongation index 30% maximum IS 2386 part-1
4.31.9. Stripping value 95% minimum IS 6241
4.31.10. Sand equivalent test Minimum 50% IS 2720 part 37
4.31.11. Plasticity index Maximum 4 IS 2720 part-5
4.31.12. Polish stone value minimum 55% BIS 812 part 114
4.31.13. Water sensitivity of mix retain tensile strength minimum 75%
4.31.14. Mixed grading one set per 400 ton minimum 2 set per day IRC: SP 11
4.31.15. Stability of mix 9KN at 60C minimum one set per 400 ton minimum 2 set per day
one set 3 Marshall specimen ASTND 2726/1188 mix design ASTMD 1559
4.31.16. Flow value 2-4 ASTND 2726/1188 mix design ASTMD 1559
4.31.17. Air voids 3-6 ASTND 2726/1188 mix design ASTMD 1559

Page 34 of 99
 4.31.18.Compaction level 75 blow each face (two face)
4.31.19.Void filed with bitumen 65-75% ASTND 2726/1188 mix design ASTMD 1559
4.31.20.Density of void contain
4.31.21.Swell test on the mixed for BC
4.31.22.Control of temperature 150-165C at time binder mixing temp 150-170 Aggregate
mixing temp Mixed material 165Maximum laying temperature 125C rolling
temperature 90minimum temperature.
4.31.23. Water observation of aggregate maximum 2% IS 2386 part-3
4.31.24. Soundness (Magnesium sulphate maximum 18% and sodium sulphate maximum
12%) BS 1377 test 9 IS 2720 part-27
4.31.25. Percentage of facture face IS 2386 part 1a.
4.31.26. Control of binder contains and grading mix one test per 400 ton minimum two test
per day.
4.31.27. Rate of spreading of mixed material
4.31.28. Density 98% of Lab minimum of compacted layer one test per 250sqm core cutting.
AASHTO Designation: T 230 - 68
4.32. Semi dense Bituminous concrete
4.32.1. Job mixed formula 13.2mm 67%, 4mm 31%, Bitumen CRMB 55 (5.58%), Density 2.59
and stripping agent 0.4% from petro chemical.
4.32.2. layer thickness 25-100mm
4.32.3. Quality of binder IS 73 testing IS 1201 to 1220
4.32.4. Filler 2% by mass of aggregate plasticity index max 4. IS 2720 part-5 if aggregate fail
to meet water sensitivity test additional added in job mixed formula. Gradation IS
sieve 0.6mm 10% passing, 0.3mm 95-100% passing and 0.075mm 85-100% passing
4.32.5. Gradation Maximum 5% passing 75 micron sieve IS 2386 part-1 for grade-1
maximum layer thickness350-40 mm aggregate maximum size 13 mm bitumen
contain 4.5% grade-2 maximum aggregate 10 mm Bitumen contain 5% layer
thickness Maximum 25-30mm
4.32.6. Aggregate impact value 27% maximum IS 2386 part-4
4.32.7. Loss angle abrasion value 35% maximum IS 2386 part-4
4.32.8. Flakiness and Elongation index 30% maximum IS 2386 part-1
4.32.9. Stripping value 95% minimum IS 6241
4.32.10. Sand equivalent test Minimum 50% IS 2720 part 37
4.32.11. Plasticity index Maximum 4 IS 2720 part-5
4.32.12. Polish stone value minimum 55% BIS 812 part 114
4.32.13. Water sensitivity of mix retain tensile strength minimum 80%
4.32.14. Mixed grading one set per 400 ton minimum 2 set per day IRC: SP 11
4.32.15. Stability of mix 9KN at 60C minimum one set per 400 ton minimum 2 set per day
one set 3 Marshall specimen ASTND 2726/1188 mix design ASTMD 1559
4.32.16. Flow value 2-4 ASTND 2726/1188 mix design ASTMD 1559
4.32.17. Air voids 3-5 ASTND 2726/1188 mix design ASTMD 1559
4.32.18. Compaction level 75 blow each face (two face)
4.32.19. Void filed with bitumen 65-78% ASTND 2726/1188 mix design ASTMD 1559
4.32.20. Control of Temperature Binder boiler, Aggregate in drying Mixing time
4.32.21. Density of void contain
4.32.22. Swell test on the mixed for BC
4.32.23. Water observation of aggregate maximum 2% IS 2386 part-3
4.32.24. Soundness (Magnesium sulphate maximum 18% and sodium sulphate maximum
12%) BS 1377 test 9 IS 2720 part-27
4.32.25. Percentage of facture face IS 2386 part 1a
4.32.26. Control of temperature 150-165C at time binder mixing temp 150-170 Aggregate
mixing temp Mixed material 165Maximum laying temperature 125C rolling
temperature 90minimum temperature.

Page 35 of 99
 4.32.27. Rate of spreading of mixed material
4.32.28. Density 98% of Lab minimum of compacted layer one test per 250sqm core cutting.
AASHTO Designation: T 230 - 68
4.33. Tack coat RS1 rapid setting cutback
4.33.1. Quality of binder IS 217 cut back
4.33.2. Binder temperature at application 50-80C
4.33.3. Rate of spreading of Binder one test per 500Sqm bituminous surface per 10sqm 0.2-
0.25 dry hungry bituminous surface and granular with prime coat 0.25-0.3 non
bituminous course granular base not prime 0.3-0.35 concrete pavement 0.35-.4
4.33.4. Curing time till volatile particle evaporated
4.34. Prime Coat SS1 slow setting emulsion
4.34.1. Quality of binder IS 8887 emulsion
4.34.2. Binder temperature at application 20-70C
4.34.3. Rate of spreading of Binder one test per 500Sqm low porosity 6-9 liter per 10sqm.
Medium 9-12 high 12-15 per 10sqm.
4.34.4. Curing time 24 hours
4.35. Mastic Asphalt thickness 25-50
4.35.1. Job mixed formula Bitumen 15%, 2.36mm 51% lime 34% density 2.283
4.35.2. Quality of binder IS 73 testing (IS1201-1220)
4.35.3. Aggregate impact value IS 2386 part-4
4.35.4. Loss angle abrasion value IS 2386 part-4
4.35.5. aggregate 13mm down course aggregate 40 +-10%
4.35.6. Flakiness and Elongation index IS 2386 part-1
4.35.7. Stripping value IS 6241
4.35.8. Water sensitivity of mix retain tensile strength
4.35.9. Grading of aggregate 2 set per day IS 2386 part-1
4.35.10. Water observation of aggregate max 2% IS 2386 part-3
4.35.11. Soundness (Magnesium sulphate maximum 18% and sodium sulphate maximum
12%) BS 1377 test 9 IS 2720 part-27
4.35.12. Percentage of facture face IS 2386 part 1a
4.35.13. Binder contain and aggregate grading 14-17%
4.35.14. Control of temperature of binder and aggregate mixing and at time of lying rolling
temp.
4.35.15. Control of binder contains and grading mix minimum two test per day.
4.35.16. Rate of spreading of mixed material
4.35.17. Hardness number one test per 400 ton and minimum two tests per day 60-80at
25C manufacture and 10-20 at laying time.
4.36. Bituminous macadam IRC 27
4.36.1. Job mixed formula
4.36.2. single layer 50-100mm
4.36.3. Quality of binder IS 73
4.36.4. Aggregate impact value max 30% IS 2386 part-4
4.36.5. Loss angle abrasion value max 40% IS 2386 part-4
4.36.6. Flakiness and Elongation index max 30% IS 2386 part-1
4.36.7. Stripping value 95% IS 6241
4.36.8. Water sensitivity of mix minimum 80%
4.36.9. Aggregate grading 5% maximum passing 0.075mm sieve IS 2386 part-1
4.36.10. Water observation of aggregate 2% IS 2386 part-3
4.36.11. Soundness (Magnesium sulphate maximum 18% and sodium sulphate maximum
12%) BS 1377 test 9 IS 2720 part-27
4.36.12. Percentage of facture face IS 2386 part 1a
4.36.13. Binder contain and aggregate grading 3.1-3.5% and +-0.3% tolerance

Page 36 of 99
 4.36.14. Control of temperature of binder and aggregate mixing and at time of lying
Bitumen grade 35 Mixing 160-170 Aggregate maxing 160-175 Mix material 170Max
Laying 130Min Rolling 100Minimum, Bitumen grade 65 Mixing 150-165 Aggregate
maxing 150-170 Mix material 165Max Laying 125Min Rolling 90Minimum, Bitumen
grade 90 Mixing 140-160 Aggregate maxing 140-165 Mix material 155Max Laying
115Min Rolling 80Minimum,
4.36.15. Rate of spreading of mixed material
4.36.16. Density 98% of lab density of compacted layer one test per 250sqm by core cutting
method AASHTO Designation: T 230 - 68
4.37. Pavement Quality concrete IRC 15
4.37.1. Job mixed formula water cement ratio 0.39 cement contain 422kg admixture 0.5%
ratio 1:1.75:2.68 in cement : fine aggregate : coarse aggregate
4.37.2. Level tolerance
4.37.3. Width of pavement and position of paving edge
4.37.4. Pavement thickness
4.37.5. Alignment of joint, width, depth of dowel bar grooves one joint 400 sqm or one day’s
work
4.37.6. Surface regularity both traverse and longitudinal once a day without disturbing
curing work.
4.37.7. Alignment of dowel bar and their accordance/ tie bar once in 2km and at trial length
4.37.8. Texture depth 2mm
4.37.9. Mix 28 day’s strength 99% achieved average strength 2.33 times standard
deviation of flexural strengths. If average 28 days strength of the beam plus
preceding 5 and success sing 4 beams exceed the specified strength 2.33 times
standard deviation then concrete is sub standards per 150 cum.
4.37.10. In situ density air voids max 3% of core of 150mm dia. And min 3 core per two KM.
the cut core fill with 1 part of Portland cement : 2 part of fine aggregate : 2 part of
10mm nominal size before filling mix material surface should be hacking and
cement slurry applied.
4.37.11. Thickness deficiency not more than 10mm Thickness -5mm to +25mm specified
thickness of drawing if more than 5mm than deduction on payment measurement
taken 6.25m longitudinally and 3.5m traversal minimum 3 core taken
4.37.12. Cement minimum grate 43 Physical and chemical IS 269, IS-455, IS 1489, IS 8112, IS
12269 each source of supply. Mixing as per IS SP-23 Admixture IS6925,
4.37.13. Course and fine aggregate specification IS 383 Gradation IS 2386 part-1 one test
per day moisture contain IS 2386 part-3 and bulking of fine aggregate.
4.37.14. Deleterious constituent IS 2386 part-2 one test per day
4.37.15. Water observation IS 2386 part-3 one test per day for coarser and two test per day
for fine aggregate.
4.37.16. Coarser aggregate Loss angel abrasion value minimum 35% and aggregate impact
value IS 2386 part-4 each source.
4.37.17. Soundness test before IS 2386 part-5 source approval chlorite contain Max 0.06%
Sulphate contain max 0.25% Sodium sulphate max 12% Magnesium sulphate max
18%
4.37.18. Alkali aggregate reactivity IS 2386 part-7 source approval
4.37.19. Water chemical test IS 456 source approval.
4.37.20. Concrete strength IS 516 2 cube and 2 beam per 150cum 1 for 7 days and other for
28 days minimum 6 cum per day and 6 beam per day.
4.37.21. Core crushing strength minimum 0.8 X0.85 of crushing strength core cutting should
be height to diameter ratio is 2 if deviation this ration F=0.11h+0.78 where
h=height to diameter and F= correction factor for dia. of less than 150mm.
4.37.22. Work ability of concrete IS 1199 slump test 30mm +-12mm one test per dumper at
plant and at paving site.

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 4.37.23. Verification of string level for paving @5.0m to 6.25m with tolerance of +-2mm and
got approval for 1-2 hours before commencement of activity.
4.38. Dry lean concrete
4.38.1. Job mixed formula
4.38.2. Thickness not less than 10mm as specified in drawing.
4.38.3. Coarse aggregate 25mm down
4.38.4. In situ density minimum 3 Nos. per 2000 Sqm.
4.38.5. Sampling and testing of cube 3 Nos. per 1000 Sqm. From paving site cube of 150mm
for each mix and compaction with vibrio roller specified in laboratory minimum
10Mpa in 7 days and 7.5 Mpa in 7 day for individual specimen.
4.38.6. Mixing 1:15 cement to aggregate ratio minimum 150kg cement per cum and water
and 120kg/cum if fly ash used as per optimum +2% variation of optimum moisture
contain as per mix design.
4.38.7. 98% of compaction of lab density. 96% at shoulder edge 0.5m from edge
4.39. Thermoplastic paint MORTH 803.4
4.39.1. Luminance test
4.39.2. Binder contain BS 3262 value 18% Minimum by weight.
4.39.3. Glass Beads BS 3262 Value 30-40 %
4.39.4. Titanium Dioxide contain BS 3262 value 10%
4.39.5. Calcium carbonate and inert fillers BS 3262 value 42%
4.39.6. Day light illumination at 450C AASHTOM 249 value 65%
4.39.7. Drying time 15 minutes Maximum
4.39.8. Skid resistance BS 6044 Value 45% Maximum
4.39.9. Softening point ASTM D36 value 102+9.5C
4.39.10. Flow resistance AASHTOM 249 value 25% Maximum
4.39.11. Yellowness Index AASHTOM 249 value 0.12 Maximum
4.39.12. Minimum thickness 2.5mm
4.39.13. Glass beads (Gradation, Roundness, reflective index, free flowing)
4.39.14. Sieve analysis 850 micron to 180 micron Glass bread should be roundness 70%
reflective index 1.5 and minimum spreading 250gram per Sqm.
4.40. Signs ASTME 810 for coefficient of retro reflection unit in candela per Lux per sqm
4.40.1. Sign board thickness up to 600mm dimension 1.5mm thickness and more than
600mm dimension 2mm thickness.
4.40.2. Two type of signs 1.0 High intensity grade 2.0 Engineering grade.
4.40.3. High intensity grade minimum reflection 90% in wet condition and after 7 year 75%
minimum reflection and warranty for 7 year.
4.40.4. Engineering grade minimum reflection 90% in wet condition and after 5 year 50%
minimum reflection and warranty for 5 year.
4.40.5. Tensile strength 12Mpa Min.
4.40.6. Percentage of elongation 7.8 Min.
4.40.7. Aluminium 98.5 Min.
4.40.8. Crack resistance no crack after 180 degree bending.
4.40.9. Retro sheeting should not have crack of 3mm
4.41. Reinforced Earth wall
4.41.1. Geogrid of UL-45, UL-55, UL-70,UL-90,UL-120, UL-150,
4.41.2. Tensile strength in Machine direction in Kn/M 50.26,60.85,81.34,102.4,121.9,271.4
Elongation in machine direction 12,11.2,14.9,31.1,14.3,14.9 ASTM 6637 Method A
single rib
4.41.3. Aperture size maximum machine direction 41.8,19.8,18.41,17.4,22.9,10.7 cross
section direction 30.3,24.8,25.4,28.6,17.9,28 MD x CD method .
4.41.4. No of Rib per meter machine direction 21,41,40,41,32,42 Physical counting
4.42. xxxx

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 E. Construction Supervision
5. Construction Methodology
5.1. Setting out Section 109
5.1.1. Instrument will be calibrated periodically Namely Automatic levelling instrument
with +-2mm per Km accuracy, Total station of 1 sec accuracy, tripod staff of 5 meter,
Metric measuring tape 30m.
5.1.2. The correctness of TBM pillar will be checked physically at ground with a accuracy of
+-5mm in level and +-2mm in line if any discrepancy brought to engineer in-charge
prior to commencement of work.
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 5.1.3. Working and temporary bench marked will be established at every 250 meter
interval and every CD work and it will be checked from engineer and routine
checking will be done in every month and agreed adjustment will be done and
record will be maintain for both level and coordinate for control pillar.
5.1.4. As per coordinate and level provided by engineer will be traversed and error will be
adjusted if any from GPS pillar and GTS bench mark for levelling double run levelling
work.
5.1.5. Centreline will be marked on ground on 50m interval in plain and rolling terrain and
20m in hill and mountainous and steep terrain and peg will be marked with chainage
displayed.
5.1.6. Existing ground level will be recorded in level book jointly with engineer at 10m
interval and offset will be maximum 2.5m interval and will be reduce depending on
terrain condition.
5.1.7. After approval of centreline and ground level pavement layer construction started.
5.2. Clearing and grubbing Section 201
5.2.1. This work consists of cutting, removing and disposing of all material such as trees,
bushes, shrubs, roots, grass, weeds, top organic soil of 150mm in thickness.
5.2.2. A survey will first be carried out to set out the R.O.W. for the road alignments. The
R.O.W. will be identified at the site by pegs driven into the ground at suitable
intervals or by installing the R.O.W Pillars, 2.0 The R.O.W. set out shall be checked
and approved by the Engineer. Any encumbrances encountered at the site will be
reported to the Engineer. Site clearing works shall commence only after the
encumbrances have been cleared by concerned authority.
5.2.3. The bushes or undergrowth will be removed by a hydraulic excavator/backhoe from
1.0 meter blow ground level and heaped up as the work progresses. It will then be
spread within the R.O.W outside the embankment area or loaded onto a tipper lorry
for disposal to an approved dumpsite.
5.2.4. Equipment Deployment, Hydraulic Excavator 1 No/backhoes/dozer, Tipper 2 Nos.
5.3. Earth work in excavation
5.4. Embankment and Subgrade Section 305
5.4.1. The land surveyor will set out the limit of excavation and toe of embankment with
suitable pegs and poles.
5.4.2. Excavation in cutting will be carried out in accordance to the drawing and
Specification. The excavated material if suitable will be used for filling to form the
road embankment at approved locations.
5.4.3. Where suitable material from excavation in cutting is insufficient to form the road
embankment, sources of borrow material will be identified. All necessary tests as
mentioned in the specification will be carried out with the presence of the Engineers
representative.
5.4.4. The approved material will be delivered to the site by tippers and spread by means
of motor grader. The material will be filled in layers of such loose thickness so that
the compacted thickness is not more than 200mm in thickness. The layer of fill will
be aerated and exposure to the sun or wetted by sprinkling with water to bring it to
within the limits of the moisture content.
5.4.5. Compaction of embankment fill layers shall be carried out by using vibratory roller of
8-10ton from lower to upper level from shoulder to median in normal camber to
achieve relative dry density rolling should be 1/3 overlap to pervious rolling and
sequence of rolling 1 plain,1 medium vibration , 2 high vibration, 1 medium
vibration ,1 plain total 6 pass.
5.4.6. Unsuitable material under the proposed embankment will be excavated and
replaced with sand filling of specified thickness. Where shown on the drawing or
directed by the Engineer, geotextile fabric will be placed on the cleared or graded

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 subsoil prior to the deposition of free draining material. The excavated unsuitable
material will be disposed of at the nearest dip or other approved locations.
5.4.7. If the fill is to be placed over existing road surface and the level difference between
the existing road surface and the formation level is less than 1m, the road surface
will be scarified to a depth of 50mm for flexible pavement and a horizontal bench of
300mm wide in each layer for rigid pavement will be 1.0m of formation level than
completely remove up to subgrade level. If more than 1.0meter level than no
modification required.
5.4.8. Where the existing road is to be strengthened to form one of the future
carriageways, the strengthening works will be carried out after the new carriageway
had been completed and open to traffic.
5.4.9. Embankment under water material of uniformity coefficient not less than 10and
hard durable particle dump no compaction require.
5.4.10. The earth surface will be sprayed with water from tankers mounted on Lorries
(water browsers) on hot or windy days as a means of dust control.
5.4.11. The top surface of the earth fill will be regulated and trimmed by motor grader or
tractor dozer to the required level and cross fall within the specified vertical
tolerances of  25mm.
5.4.12. The formation will be prepared immediately prior to laying the sub grade/sub base
material by removing all vegetation and extraneous matter and rolled with vibratory
roller to a compaction stipulated in the specification. Upon approval by the Engineer,
placing of sub grade material will be commenced immediately.
5.4.13. Embankment around structure must be 14 days of casting rolling in such a way that
no hamper to surface of concrete and filter media used.
5.4.14. Equipment Deployed - Hydraulic excavator -1 No, Motor grader- 1 No., Vibratory
Roller- 1 No. Tipper Trucks-7-9 Nos., Water Tanker-1 No.
5.5. Sand filling MORT&H Section 305.
5.5.1. Sand filling materials shall be delivered by tippers from river bank stockpile areas to
the excavated area and tipped to the excavated foundation.
5.5.2. Excavator will be used to do the initial spreading of the sand if the foundation is soft
and followed by the smaller size bulldozer. If the foundation is good enough to
support the weight of the bulldozer, spreading of sand will be done by bulldozer. To
allow for maximum settlement of sand into the weak foundation, the compaction of
foundation will not be carried out in sand filling areas. It will be carried out after a
layer of 250mm thick sand is being filled over the weak foundation.
5.5.3. Motor grader will be used to grade the sand fill to required levels and layer thickness
to facilitate compaction by vibratory roller. Due to the nature of the foundation
materials, it is expected that the compaction of sand filling materials by vibratory
roller will only yield compaction result after the second layer of 250mm sand filling is
completed. A trial compaction of 200m-length stretch will be carried out to
determine the compatibility of sand filling by vibratory roller.
5.5.4. If the Engineer shall decide that suitable embankment fill material shall be placed
over the 500mm thick sand filing after compaction of sand filling, such suitable
embankment fill materials shall be hauled from approved borrow pit or adjacent cut
area as the case may be and the method of construction shall be similar to the
method statement of earthworks. If the Engineer direct the Contractor to replace
the excavated materials with sand filling materials for the entire excavation depth,
sand filling materials will be used for backfilling up to bottom of sub grade level layer
by layer with compacted thickness of 250mm
5.6. Granular Sub Base Section 401
5.6.1. The natural gravel from borrow pit and river sand shall be mixed at the borrow pit of
natural gravel or stockpile area at site using hydraulic excavator assisted by manual

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 workforce in accordance to the mix proportion already established and approved by
the Engineer. or with rotavetor on the bed.
5.6.2. The mixed granular sub-base material will be stockpiled at suitable locations for
transporting to intended locations later.
5.6.3. The approved material will be delivered to the site by tippers and spread and
levelled by means of a motor-grader for the full width of the pavement and shoulder
as shown in the drawing. The material will be filled in so that maximum layer
thickness of compacted layer not more than 225mm. The granular sub-base
materials will be aerated and exposure to the sun or wetted by sprinkling with water
to bring it to within the limits of the moisture content of –2 to +1% of OMC that will
facilitate the compaction of the materials.
5.6.4. Trial laying of the materials will be carried out to determine the rolling pattern which
will achieve the maximum dry density and the loose thickness which after full
compaction will give the compacted thickness of 150mm  10mm.
5.6.5. Compaction of fill layers shall be carried out by using vibratory roller of 8-10ton from
lower to upper level from shoulder to median in normal camber to achieve relative
dry density rolling should be 1/3 overlap to pervious rolling and sequence of rolling 1
plain,1 medium vibration , 2 high vibration, 1 medium vibration ,1 plain total 6 pass.
5.6.6. Equipment Deployment Hydraulic excavator-1 No, Motor grader-1 No, Vibratory
Roller-1 No,Tipper Trucks-7-9 Nos., Water Tanker- 1 No, rotavator-1No.
5.7. Wet Mixed Macadam Section 406
5.7.1. Wet Mix Macadam is basically produced from well-graded crushed stones min two
facture faces mix with correct quantity of water. The crushed stones will be crusher-
run of maximum size of 50mm and complied with the physical and mechanical
properties as specified. Additional quantity of coarse or fine aggregates can be
added during mixing in the wet mix plant to improve the grading of wet mix if
necessary minimum thickness 75mm and maximum 200mm.
5.7.2. Determine the existing moisture content of the crushed stones from the stockpile.
5.7.3. During production, the amount of water to be added will be the optimum moisture
content less the existing moisture content of the crushed stones from the stockpile.
The additional water will be added directly to the mix in the pug mill of the wet mix
plant by water spray pipes.
5.7.4. In order to maintain the moisture content of the mix at optimum value during laying
and compaction at site, water content of the wet mix is normally produced at slightly
higher than the optimum value to allow for losses during transporting, handling and
laying. The extra additional water content will be varied depending on weather and
traveling distance, but usually between 0.5% to 1.0%.
5.7.5. The wet mix macadam from the mixing plant will be delivered to site by tipper
Lorries. The wet mix macadam will be laid in two layers of stipulated compacted
thickness each. The width will be the width of the pavement plus the width of paved
shoulder. Both the layer will be laid and spread by motor grader or paver finisher.
For area where paver finisher cannot be used, motor grader will be used.
5.7.6. Compaction of fill layers shall be carried out by using vibratory roller of 8-10ton from
lower to upper level from shoulder to median in normal camber to achieve relative
dry density rolling should be 1/3 overlap to pervious rolling and sequence of rolling 1
plain,1 medium vibration , 2 high vibration, 1 medium vibration ,1 plain total 6 pass.
5.7.7. Drying time should be allowed 24 hour before priming for rectification done with
fresh material with minimum stretch size 5m X2m and depression with fresh
material.
5.7.8. Alignment, level and surface regularity will be checked in accordance to Section 902
of the Specification. The final surface of the second layer wet mix macadam
materials shall be regulated and trimmed by motor grader to the required level and
cross fall within the specified vertical tolerances of +10mm or –10 mm for flexible

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 pavement. The tolerance of the final surface level shall be checked in every 6.25m
longitudinal and 3.5m transverse grid.
5.7.9. Equipment Deployment WMM plant- 1 No, WMM paver finisher - 1 No, Motor
Grader- 1 No, Tipper Trucks- 7-9 Nos. Water Tanker- 1 No. Batching plant may be
used for small quantity of work
5.8. Dance Bituminous macadam Section 507
5.8.1. Layer thickness should be 50-100mm and aggregate should be two face minimum
facture.
5.8.2. The aggregate surface on which the material is to be laid will first be cleaned so that
it is free from loose material before being sprayed with prime coat. This is normally
carried out with air compressor blower and manually. Similarly, tack coat will only be
sprayed on the lower premix layer after its surface is cleaned. Prime coat and tack
coat materials shall comply with the MOST specification, section 502 & 503
respectively. Both the prime coat and tack coat will be sprayed at the respective
spray rate specified in the MOST for the sprayer to the required rate of spread. The
spray rate of a sprayer will be determined by “tray test.
5.8.3. The area where prime coat or tack coat has been sprayed will be barricaded and no
vehicle or worker is allowed to move on top until the DBM has been laid. Normally
DBM or bituminous concrete will be laid after the prime coat or tack coat has been
sprayed and cured.
5.8.4. The DBM will be transported to site by tipper Lorries its inner surface should be
coated with diesel and above a tarpaulin to protest from lorry as well as DBM mixed
and supplied continuously to the paver and laid with minimum delay. The number of
Lorries used will be varied depending on the distance between the site and premix
plant such that there is always a smooth supply of premix for the paver to lay at site.
Any soil or unsuitable materials attached to tyres and may be brought inside the
paving area will be cleaned and removed accordingly.
5.8.5. Communication between the site team and the Premix plant team will be by means
of walkie-talkie or hand phones. When there are any changes in weather condition,
machine problem or plant breakdown etc, site team must immediately inform the
plant team or vice versa.
5.8.6. The premix will be laid by means of a self-propelled mechanical paver equipped with
vibrating screed, over previously laid edge surface to be cut with suitable equipment
and heated up to 70C before laying and tamping plates. Some of the premix pavers
available are Vogele Super 1800 and Apollo. The width of the above pavers can be
varied from 2.5 meter to 8.5 meter i.e. for carriageway width of 8.5m or less, the full
width can be laid without forming any longitudinal cold joint. Electronic sensor
control system can be attached to the paver for level control. The sensor devices can
be installed with one grade sensor on each side of the paver. The grade sensor will
be guided by a base line set up with reference to the profile levels.
5.8.7. Each layer of the premix will be laid and compacted in one single layer to the
required level and thickness. Skilled operators will be deputed to control the paving
operation to ensure that the premix layer is laid in accordance to various
requirements specified such as avoiding dragging cracks, segregation, etc.
5.8.8. Temperatures of the premix on lorries, during laying and compaction will be
observed and recorded accordingly. The premix with temperature falling below the
specified temperature will not be used. Temperature will be strictly maintained
during production and execution of premix works as specified in section 507, MOST.
5.8.9. Compaction rolling will be commenced with 80 – 100 KN static weight smooth wheel
Ingersoll tandem roller to roll in longitudinal direction behind the paver when the
premix has reached rolling temperature. Soon after the smooth wheel roller has
completed rolling, the intermediate rolling will be done (in the same direction) with
Ingersoll pneumatic tyred roller of 150 – 250 KN having the tyre pressure of at least

Page 43 of 99
 0.7 Mpa. A finish roll will then be done on the surface using the smooth wheeled
Ingersoll tandem roller weighing 80 – 100 KN. The rolling patterns will be similar to
that carried out in the trial lay from lower face to upper face with 300mm overlap or
minimum 1/3 of roller, Care will be taken to ensure that no roller standing on the
laid pavement which has not been fully compacted and where temperature is still
more than 70 deg C.
5.8.10. Necessary precautions will be taken to prevent dropping of oil, grease, petrol or
other foreign matter on the pavement either when the rollers are operating or
standing. The wheels of roller will be kept moist to prevent the mix from sticking to
them. The care will be taken to avoid excessive water poured on wheels.
5.8.11. For each layer of premix, the laying pattern will be arranged such that cold
transverse joint is minimized. Transverse joints should be cut to vertical face by
conventional cutter machine in accordance to the specification.
5.8.12. In the event of adverse weather or rain, laying of the premix will be stopped
immediately. The laying works may be started again after rain has stopped by
cleaning and drying the surface with an air compressor. A layer of tack coat may be
sprayed on the surface if required. If necessity arises, traffic will be allowed after
completion of final rolling when the mix has cooled down to the surrounding
temperature. However, preference will be given to lay bituminous concrete prior to
open for traffic.
5.9. Bituminous concrete Section 509
5.9.1. A laboratory Marshall mix design will first be carried out to determine the desired
composition and bitumen content of the mix (Laboratory Design Mix). A plant trial
mix and trial lay will then be carried out based on the design mix proportion. Similar
Marshall tests and analyses specified will be carried out on the samples taken from
the plant mix (Job Standard Mix).
5.9.2. A trial pitch of 100sqm minimum lay will also be carried out to establish the rolling
method to produce the specified field density. Samples of the compacted
bituminous concrete will be cored out in the next day to determine the thickness
and compacted density. A trial lay report will be prepared and submitted to the
Engineer for his approval. If approved, this trial report will be taken as the Job
Standard Mix and future mix production and laying procedures should not vary from
the Job Standard Mix by more than the tolerances specified.
5.9.3. Modification and adjustment to the Job Standard Mix will be carried out with the
approval of the Engineer when the materials or the method of mixing and laying had
been changed producing mixes with properties vary from the Job Standard Mix
beyond the tolerances allowed.
5.9.4. Communication between the site team and the premix plant team will be by means
of walkie-talkie or hand phones. When there is any changes in weather condition,
machine problem or plant breakdown etc, site team must immediately inform the
plant team or vice versa.
5.9.5. The premix will be laid by means of a self-propelled mechanical paver equipped with
vibrating screed, and tamping plates. Some of the premix pavers available are Vogele
Super 1800 and Appllo. The width of the above pavers can be varied from 2.5 meter
to 8.5 meter i.e. for carriageway width of 8.5m or less, the full width can be laid
without forming any longitudinal cold joint. Electronic sensor control system can be
attached to the paver for level control. The sensor devices can be installed with one
grade sensor on each side of the paver. The grade sensor will be guided by a base
line set up with reference to the profile levels.
5.9.6. Each layer of the premix will be laid and compacted in one single layer to the
required level and thickness. Skilled operators will be provided to control the paving
operation to ensure that the premix layer is laid in accordance to various
requirements specified such as avoiding dragging cracks, segregation, etc.

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 5.9.7. Transformation of the premix on lorries with diesel coated in inner surface and
tarpaulin in top for protecting to BC, during laying pervious layer will be suitable cut
and heated up to 70C and compaction will be observed and recorded accordingly.
The premix with temperature falling below the specified temperature will not be
used.
5.9.8. Compaction rolling will be commenced with smooth wheel roller tandem to roll in
longitudinal direction behind the paver when the premix has reached rolling
temperature. Soon after the smooth wheel roller has completed rolling, the
pneumatic tyre roller will be rolled in the same direction in accordance to the
specification. A finish roll will then be provided on the surface by the smooth wheel
roller. The rolling patterns will be similar to that carried out in the trial lay from
lower surface to upper surface with minimum 300 overlap to pervious rolled.
5.9.9. For each layer of premix, the laying pattern shall be arranged such that cold
transverse joint is minimized. Transverse joints should be cut to vertical face by
conventional cutter machine in accordance to the specification.
5.9.10. In the event of adverse weather or rain, laying of the premix will be stopped
immediately. The laying works may be started again after rain has stopped by
cleaning and drying the surface with an air compressor in accordance to the
specification. A layer of tack coat may be sprayed on the surface if required.
5.10. Tack coat Section 503
5.10.1. Bitumen Emulsion RS-1, a product of Hindustan colas ltd (Subsidiary of HPCL) will be
used for tack coat and technical literature from Manufacturer is attached for
reference. Bitumen emulsion packed in 200litres drum will be procured in a suitable
place at site. Emulsion will be transferred to the bitumen spray tank at atmospheric
temperature as per manufacturer’s recommendation.
5.10.2. Equipment Deployment Mobile tack coat spray tank with pressure distributor
equipped for spraying the material uniformly at specified rate. Power Broom or / air
blower.
5.10.3. The surface on which the tack coat is to be applied will be cleaned of dust and any
extraneous material prior to the application using air blower. Manpower also will be
used for cleaning in the case of narrow and controlled areas. Emulsion will be
sprayed uniformly with atmospheric temperature using bitumen sprayer at the rate
of 2-2.5 kg per 10 Sqm. on bituminous course and 2.5-3.0kg per 10sqm for granular
surface treated with primer , as specified in table MOST500-2 . As per
manufacturer’s recommendation, the bitumen emulsion will also be used on the wet
bituminous coarse during rainy season. However, the same will not be used in the
case of continuous rain.
5.10.4. Emulsion will not be stored in open tank or container.
5.10.5. Care will be taken that it is not heated above 80 degree C.
5.10.6. Different type of bitumen emulsions will not be mixed together.
5.10.7. Spray tank will be moved forward and backward for proper mixing of emulsion prior
to application.
5.10.8. Sign board stating “ No Smoking” will be kept at bitumen ,emulsion & kerosene
storage area to forewarn all staff & workers.
5.10.9. Sand buckets and Fire extinguisher will be kept in strategic location at storage area.
5.10.10. Bitumen temperature at storage tanks & spray tank will be continuously
monitored to avoid overheating.
5.11. Prime Coat Section 502
5.11.1. Prime coat is a preparatory to superimposed tack coat and dense bituminous
macadam. Low viscous bituminous material will be prepared and spread in single
coat on Wet mix macadam.

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 5.11.2. Bitumen grade 80/100 duly blended with Kerosene with specified the Viscosity of 30
–60 Centistokes as per MOST table 500-1 will be used as primer. ( Medium Curing
cutback).
5.11.3. Equipment Deployment Storage tank of Capacity 60,000 liters, constructed with
6mm thick A-36 steel plate insulated with 3” of fiberglass surrounding the entire
shell, covered with an aluminum skin and constant heating arrangement for storage
of 80/100 Grade bitumen. Mild Steel tank of capacity 4000 liters for storage of
Kerosene. Mobile primer spray tank 4000lit capacity with self-heating arrangement
and pressure distributor equipped for spraying the material uniformly at specified
rates and temperature. Power Broom or / air blower.
5.11.4. Bitumen and Kerosene will be stored in separate tanks. Bitumen grade 80/100 in
viscous state at minimum temperature will be filled in the bitumen spray tank. And
then proportionate quantity of Kerosene will be filled as per the requirement and
mixed thoroughly. The surface of WMM to be primed will first be cleaned so that it is
free from loose material and dust and also will be kept dry. Cleaning is normally
carried out by means of a power broom or air blower, which ever applicable. But
manual cleaning is required at areas of irregular edges or enclosed area. If the
surface of WMM is too dry & dusty, then the same will be wet by lightly & uniformly
sprinkling water immediately prior to priming. Primer with the temperature of 50 –
70 degree Centigrade will be sprayed at the respective spray rate of 6 –9kg per 10
Sqm. as specified in the MOST table 500-1.
5.11.5. Following the application of prime coat, the surface will be allowed to cure for at
least 24 hours or for any other period so as to allow aeration of volatiles from the
material. Care will be taken to ensure uniform distribution of primer at specified
temperature. In the case of excess primer due to over spray, sand will be spread over
the surface to blot the excess primer. Traffic related to DBM will only be allowed
after primed surface is fully cured.
5.12. Kerb Section 408
5.12.1. This work shall consists of cement concrete kerbs as provided in the drawing and
standard practice in the National Highways in India and all over the world. Barrier
type kerb and L-Shape typy kerb as provided in the Drawing. If required 150mm thick
PCC projected 50mm to face of kerb with min M10 grade.
5.12.2. The kerb laying shall be done by a suitable kerb casting machine using plain cement
concrete of Grade M-20. In exceptional cases, where continuous machine laying is
not practicable, precast concrete blocks can be used an approval of the consultants.
5.12.3. The kerb casting machine of adequate capacity capable of laying kerb in required
cross-sections and producing well compacted mass of concrete face from voids and
honeycombs shall be used. The PCC kerb shall be cured as provided in the
specifications for PCC.
5.12.4. before laying kerb, its foundation shall be leveled, watered and compacted well by
suitable mechanical device. In case of laying over granular materials like WMM, the
approved surface shall be covered with primer @ 14.60 Kg. / Sq. M.
5.12.5. After laying of PCC kerb, when the same is yet yound and green, sawent grooves
shall be provided at 5.0 mtr. Intervals or so.
5.12.6. In meet the drainage requirements across kerb, suitable drainage pipe shall be
introduced to ensure efficient drainage of the road surface.
5.13. Mastic Asphalt Section 515
5.13.1. A single layer of 12 mm thick bitumen Mastic, an intimate homogenous mixture of
selected well graded aggregate, lime and bitumen 30/40 grade in accordance with
the requirement of MOST specification section 515, will be laid as sandwich layer
between concrete bridge deck slab and bituminous concrete.
5.13.2. Cleaning of concrete slab over which mastic to be laid. Applying tack coat on the
slab. Laying of bitumen mastic, Laying of bituminous concrete.

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 5.13.3. using 1.5 Ton capacity of Mastic Cooker, Lime filler lone to be heated to 170 o C in
cooker for one hour.
5.13.4. Half the Quantity of 170o C hot bitumen will be added & mixed thoroughly for 10
minutes of time
5.13.5. Fine aggregate & half the balance quantity of 170o C hot bitumen will be added and
further cooked for about 50 minutes with 170o C.
5.13.6. Finally Coarse aggregate will be heated added mixed and cooked for one hour.
5.13.7. During cooking and mixing, care will be taken to ensure the contents in the cooker
are at no time heated to a temperature exceeding 200 o C. Mixing will be continued
until laying operations are completed so as to maintain the coarse aggregate in
suspension.
5.13.8. The concrete slab on which bitumen mastic is to be laid will be thoroughly swept and
scraped clean and free of dust and other deleterious matter. For proper bond with
new Concrete deck, surface will also be roughened by means of stiff broom or wire
brush and it will be free from ridges and troughs. Then, tack coat will be applied on
the concrete base at the rate of 3 – 3.5 kg per 10 sqm.
5.13.9. Bitumen mastic will be prepared using Mastic cooker nearer to the laying site. Then,
mastic with temperature 190o C will be transported to the laying location using
wheel barrows (or) flat mortar pans. Care will be taken that the wheel barrow /
motor pans is clean and free from cement, ash or oil.
5.13.10.Bitumen mastic will be laid in longitudinal direction having width of approximately
1.10m. Wooden straight edge of 12mm thickness will be used at the each side to
maintain the thickness and it will be compacted manually using heavy wooden
plank. The temperature of the mix at the time of laying will be around 170 o C. In
case blowing takes place while laying, the bubbles will be punctured while it is in
hot & the surface will be treated well.
5.13.11.It will be ensured that all construction joints are properly and truly made. These
joints will be made by warming existing bitumen mastic by application of excess
Quantity of bitumen which afterwards will be trimmed off the make it slush with
surfaces on either sides.
5.13.12.For surface finishing 13.2mm aggregate coated with 2+-4% binder and 2% filler
spread @ 0.005cm/10sqm in 100C.
5.14. Pavement Quality concrete section 602
5.14.1. Mix DesignThe cement content shall not be less than 350 kg/cum. of concrete and
shall not exceed 425 kg /cum. of concrete.Correlation between the flexural and
compressive strengths of concrete shall be established based on at least thirty tests
on samples. The ratio between the 7 and 28 day strengths shall be established by
testing pairs of beams and cubes at each stage on at least six batches of trial mix.The
average strength of the 7 day cured specimens shall be divided by the average
strength of the 28-day.Specimens for each and ratio 'R' shall be determined. If the
average value of any four consecutive 7 day test results falls below the required 7
day strength as derived from the value 'R', then, the cement content of the concrete
shall be increased by 5 per cent by weight slump 30mm,+-12mm
5.14.2. Trial Stretch:Batching Plant of 120 m3 / Hr. capacity shall be installed at Camp and
shall be used for producing concrete. Once the job mix design is approved by
Engineer, The work shall first be demonstrated by constructing a trial length of slab,
at least 60m long but not more than 300m long for mechanized construction using
the approved procedure at least 14 days in advance.
5.14.3. Production: Concrete shall be produced in the batching plant, which is capable of
proportioning the material by weight, with each type of material being weighed
separately. The batching and mixing shall be carried out in a forced action central
batching and mixing plant having necessary automatic controls to ensure accurate
proportioning and mixing and providing a uniform homogenous mix.

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5.14.4. Transportation: Freshly mixed concrete from the central batching and mixing plant
shall be transported to paver site by means of dumpers covered by tarpaulin. The
mix shall be unloaded in hopper of paver at site by rear tipping.
5.14.5. Prepared sub-base course shall be checked before laying of PQC and cracks wider
than given in the specifications shall be rectified. Impermeable plastic sheeting, 125
microns thick laid flat without creases shall be introduced between the concrete slab
and the sub-base. Before placing the separation membrane, the sub-base shall be
swept clean of all the extraneous materials using air compressor. The overlap
wherever necessary shall be at least 300mm. The separation membrane may be
nailed to the lower layer with concrete nails.
5.14.6. Placing:Side forms used shall be of mild steel equal to the thickness of pavement and
shall be firmly secured in position by not less than 3 stakes per each 3m length.
These when placed shall not settle in excess of 1.5mm in 3m while paving is being
done.Prior to start of paving, guide wires at constant height shall be provided above
and parallel to the required edges of the slab. These shall be supported on stakes not
more than 8m apart by connectors.The concrete shall be deposited without
segregation in front of slip form paver across the full width and to a height always in
excess of surcharge required.The deposited concrete shall be struck off to the
necessary average by means of strike off plates.The level of conforming plate and
finishing beams shall be controlled from the guide wires installed by sensors
attached at the four corners of the slip form paving machine.Concrete shall be
vibrated and compacted by a group of vibratory compactors to strife off the slightly
high surface so that it is cut down to the required level by the oscillating
beam.Dowel bars shall be positioned at mid depth of the slab within the tolerance of
20 mm unless otherwise mentioned in the drawings. The same holds good for
transverse joints too.The location and type of all joints shall be as per the drawings
provided. It should be ensured that the full-required depth of cut is made from edge
to edge of the pavement. Transverse and longitudinal joints in the pavement and
sub-base shall be staggered so that they are not coincident vertically and are at least
1m and 0.3m apart respectively.
5.14.7. Finishing of concrete shall be done by oscillating beam, guided by the sensor.Surface
texturing of concrete shall be done by brush operated from the Texturing Machine in
a direction at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the carriageway. The wire brush
shall not be less than 450 mm in width.
5.14.8. Curing: Curing shall commence no sooner the finishing operation of concrete
completes. This shall be done by the application of approved resin-based aluminized
reflective curing compound. Care shall be taken to check that the curing compound
does not chemically react with the concrete and the film or membrane shall not
crack or disintegrate within 3 weeks after application. In addition, after 3 hours of
spraying of curing compound, the pavement shall be covered by moist Hessian and
the same shall be kept damp for a minimum of 14 days after which it shall be
removed.
5.14.9. Surface regularity shall be checked by placing a 3m straight edge parallel to or at
right angles to the center line of the road. The maximum allowable difference
between the road surface and the underside of the edge shall not exceed 3mm.The
finish surface shall be jointly checked with consultant by recording the levels of the
finished surface and comparing them with desired DLC level.
5.14.10. Joint Cutting and Filling: Joint cutting shall commence at the earliest possible
after paving such that the pavement can withstand the weight of concrete saw and
saw cutting does not dislodge particles from the side of the joint.Initial cut shall be
with 3mm thick diamond saw blade. This cut shall be washed out immediately prior
to permanent sealing; groove shall be cleaned and dried by compressed air. Before
sealing the temporary seal provided for blocking the ingress of dirt, soil etc., shall be

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 removed. A deboning strip shall be inserted in the groove. The sealant shall be
applied within the maximum and minimum drying time of primer recommended by
the manufacturer. The sealant shall be applied slight to the lower level than the slab
with a tolerance of 5 + 2 mm.
5.15. Dry lean concrete Section 601
5.15.1. Minimum cement content 150Kg/ cum if fly ash used minimum cement content
120kg/ cum Mix Design: Mix Design will done with moisture contents like 5.0, 5.5,
6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 present, the mix shall be proportioned with maximum aggregate
cement ratio of 15:1. The lean concrete shall have moisture content between the
optimum and optimum +2percentkeeping in view the effectiveness of compaction
achieved and to compensate for evaporation losses, After establishing the optimum
moisture, a set of six cubes shall be cast at that moisture for the determination of
compressive strength on 3rd and the 7th day the minimum compressive strength is
10Mpa average and minimum individual is 7.5Mpa for 7 days cube.
5.15.2. Trial Stretch planned trial length of 100m minimum length 14 days prior to
construction offset of 750mm at PQC edge shall be conducted at least 14 days in
advance in consultation with Consultant / Client and mix shall be tested for various
properties .After the construction of the trial length, the in-situ density of the freshly
lad material shall be determined by Sand Replacement Method with 20cm dia.
density cone. Three density holes shall be made at locations equally spaced along a
diagonal that bisects the trial length and average of these densities shall be
determined, cores, if required, shall be cut as per instructions of Consultant to check
for segregation or other deficiency.
5.15.3. Placing the drainage layer shall be given a fine spray of water and rolled with one or
two passes of smooth wheel roller, The Lean Concrete shall laid/ placed by a paver
with electronic sensor. The equipment shall be capable of laying the material in one
layer in an even manner without segregation, so that after compaction the total
thickness is as specified. The laying of DLC shall be done lane by lane. Hydraulic
Paver capable of laying DLC to desire thickness and having longitudinal and lateral
grade contrast shall be used on the Project. The paver shall have screed with
tamping arrangement for initial compaction of DLC layer.
5.15.4. Joints: Contraction and longitudinal joints shall be provided as per the drawing.
5.15.5. Compaction: The compacting shall be carried out immediately after the material is
laid and leveled. Initially one pass of roller without vibration shall be applied on
Green concrete. Thereafter the vibration shall be started till required compaction is
achieved. One final pass without vibration shall be applied in the end to remove
roller marks, The spreading, compaction and finishing of the lean concrete shall be
carried out as rapidly as possible. The rolling operation shall be so arranged as to
ensure that the time between mixing of the first batch of concrete in any transverse
section of the layer and the final finishing of the same shall not exceed 90 minutes
when the concrete temperature is between 250C & 300C and 120 minutes if concrete
temperature is less than 250C. However, these parameters shall be decided during
trial stretch. After compaction has been completed, roller shall not stand on the
compacted surface for the duration of the curing period except during
commencement of the next work near the location where work was terminated the
previous day. The final surface shall be inspected immediately on completion and all
loose, segregated or defective areas shall be corrected by using fresh lean concrete
material laid and compacted as per technical specification. The minimum dry density
obtained shall be 98 present of that achieved during the trial length. Of 0.5m from
toe The densities achieved at the edges i.e. 0.5m from the edge shall not be less
than 96 present of that achieved during the trial construction at edge. Surface
regularity during the course of laying shall be checked with a 3m straight edge. High
points of the surface will be corrected by scarifying and re-rolling and the low areas

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 shall be cored by filling with fresh materials and rolling. The finish surface shall be
jointly checked with consultant by recording the levels of the finished surface and
comparing them with desired DLC level. Core to be taken for compressive strength of
100 mm dia.
5.15.6. Curing: Curing of DLC shall be started immediately after rolling has finished. One of
the following two methods shall be adopted for curing. The initial curing shall be
done by spraying with liquid curing compound. Curing compound shall be sprayed
immediately after rolling is completed. As soon as the curing compound has lost its
tackiness, the surface shall be covered with wet hessian for three days, Curing shall
be done by covering the surface by gunny bags/hessian, only then which shall be
kept continuously moist for 7days by sprinkling water. Or wax based curing
compound than 0.2litre/ sqm applied.
5.15.7. Traffic: Heavy commercial vehicles shall not be allowed on DLC, light vehicles, if
required, shall be allowed after 7 days of its construction.
5.16. Shoulder Section 407
5.16.1. Upon completion of WMM over the GSB after compaction of pavement layer
shoulder construction started, the shoulder portion beside the WMM will be cleaned
& approved granular material will be dumped, spread using grader and compacted
for 97% of MDD at optimum moisture content as per the requirement of MOST table
300-2 Content. In the case of dry material, water will be added to the laid material &
mixed thoroughly to attain OMC prior to the compaction.
5.16.2. Then the next stage of shoulder will be carried out matching the thickness of
adjoining pavement layer as mentioned in the sequence of work 4.0. Care will be
taken to ensure proper cross fall to drain off the surface water in the final layer of
shoulder.
5.16.3. Any material spilled over the adjoining completed paving work will be removed
immediately to avoid the damage & cleaned thoroughly. Material dumping will also
be carefully planned to avoid disturbance to the completed permanent works.
Controlled machinery operation will be adopted during the shoulder construction to
avoid damage to adjoining layer.
5.16.4. Sequence of construction, construction of WMM I layer, Construction of WMM II
layer, Construction of shoulder up to WMM top level & compacted to the
requirement, Construction of DBM I layer, Construction of DBM II layer, Laying of
shoulder up to DBM top level & partially compacted, Construction of BC, Topping up
shoulder for the finished Road level & compacted to the requirement.
5.16.5. Equipment Deployed - Hydraulic excavator -1 No, Motor grader- 1 No., Vibratory
Roller- 1 No. Tipper Trucks-7-9 Nos., Water Tanker-1 No.
5.16.6. Where the existing shoulder is higher than the carriageway edge, the same will be
cut, dressed to the slope required. In other places warranting raising, the existing
surface will be scarified to facilitate overlay. In the portions where the existing
shoulder is already paved one, dismantling will be done and further works taken up,
if and as directed by the Engineer, under the relevant items of BOQ.
5.16.7. Fresh selected earth as stated above (under ‘materials’) will be spread with varying
thickness as per site requirement; not exceeding 250 mm (compacted); water, if
required, will be added, to maintain OMC.
5.16.8. Width of the shoulder would be maintained at 1500 mm from the Carriageway
(black-topped) edge on both sides; where directed by the Engineer otherwise, it will
be increased accordingly.
5.16.9. The width being short, tractors fitted with leveling blades will be used for spreading
the earth supported by manual leveling to maintain the required slope.
5.16.10. Compaction will be done by three wheeled power rollers of 80 to 100 kN weight.
On completion, the surplus material on the surface and sides will be removed from
the site.

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 5.16.11. The finished surface will be produced for tests for compaction; new levels taken
and recorded.
5.17. Road marking Section 803
5.17.1. Road surface will be clear with air compressor and wire brush.
5.17.2. For concrete surface suitable primer used and removed of curing compound before
priming.
5.17.3. Its composed with aggregate, pigment, resin glass reflecting bread.
5.17.4. The mixing material heated up to 4 hour at temperature of 60C and applied with
minimum ambient temperature of 10C.
5.17.5. Applied with screed or extrusion machine.
5.18. Soil stabilization
5.18.1. Excavate the whole area to the required width of 26m. and minimum 150 mm in
depth to weed out existing shrubs/stumps/organic matter etc.
5.18.2. The stacks of fly ash be unloaded on either side in such a way that sufficient free
space between two stacks shall be available for the dumping of excavated soil along
the length of road way.
5.18.3. Excavate the whole 0.400 m. sub grade soil and deposit it on both sides of the
way. The excavated soil shall be dumped in a stack/heap fashion to avoid moisture
loss in the excavated soil.
5.18.4. Check moisture content of soil at excavated level ( i.e.at – 550 mm) , bring it to OMC
( 19 % ) by watering on previous day and compact it to 98 % of Maximum dry
density. Laboratory MDD of black cotton Soil is 1.72 gm/cc.
5.18.5. Spread first layer of 250 mm loose soil over compacted soil in excavated width of 26
m . With the help of Rotavator pulverize soil to the required degree.
5.18.6. Spread Fly Ash over pulverized Soil in proportion 15% by weight. This is to be done
by considering density of loose soil as 1.2 gm/cc & that of fly ash as 0.95gm /cc .
Quantity of fly ash can be measured by volume in one bucket of JCB, which is 1.3 m3.
5.18.7. Approximately for one JCB bucket will contain approx.1200 Kg of fly ash and it can be
spread over 27 Sq,m area of loose soil. (These calculation to be verified at site before
starting work).
5.18.8. After the pulverization of the sub grade soil layer to a required degree, apply the fly
ash in a layer over the pulverized sub grade soil. It is observed that in general the fly
ash stack contains 7.0 – 8.0 % of moisture. Therefore, the loose layer thickness of the
fly ash be kept about 5.0 – 6.0 cm.
5.18.9. Both the layers’ material be mixed/blended with the ROTAVATOR to form a
homogeneous mix short of soil/fly ash lumps. Now, feel and judge the mixture for
the proper percentage of moisture in the mix i.e. optimum moisture content in order
to set the layer for compaction operation. If the mixture demands watering, allow
water sprinkling over the spread mix, rotavator it further to form a uniform mix and
allow compacting the layer.
5.18.10. After the compaction is over the compacted layer required to be checked for its
Percent Compaction Achieved. The compaction may be checked either by core
cutter method or by sand replacement density method. The grid of 30 m x 16.5 m
be taken for one density measurement of minimum 6 tests for averaging. It shall
be seen than minimum 95.0 % of compaction to that of its maximum dry density is
achieved. If the parent compaction is less than the required 95.0 %, re-rolling shall
be commenced until the necessary parameters are realized.
5.18.11. Following the successful compaction of the 1st layer, the 2nd layer be compacted
with the same procedure as that of 1st layer explained above. However, while
laying the 2nd layer the top surface be slightly scraped with the help of metal wire
brushes to develop the good bond between the two layers.
5.18.12. Once both the layers are compacted, top layer may tend to produce the shrinkage
cracks due to loss of moisture from the exposed surface. To avoid this, either a thin

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 fly ash material be sprayed over the exposed area or the exposed area be lightly
sprinkled with water intermittently as per ambient environment conditions.
5.18.13. As a precautionary measure, it shall be seen that whenever a joint of layer is
occurred particularly after the days work is over and further extending the work
next day, edge of the set layer be slightly cut incline and the other part of layer be
made overlapped such that no thorough slit be formed.
5.18.14. Water content at OMC  2 % be maintained of compacted soil , till construction of
embankments is commenced. ( OMC is 23 % ).
5.19. Grid seal
5.19.1. As stated earlier the crack prevention systems available suffer from the disadvantage
of the problem of increase in dead weight of the structure. Also these are not
efficient water proofing systems. They do allow the ingress of water leading to
corrosion of steel reinforcement. Hence to counteract both the problems of crack
prevention as well as of waterproofing a decks seal /grid seal system was thought of.
A deck seal/grid seal system basically consists of three operations namely.1.0
spreading of glass grid over the entire deck surface. Being self-adhesive it does not
require any measure to secure the glass grid in place 2.0 Application of Stress
absorbing / Strain alleviating Membrane (SAM)3.0 Surfacing with a well-designed
bituminous concrete 50 mm thick as Stress absorbing/Strain Alleviating Membrane
Interlayer (SAMI).
5.19.2. Glass grid deck seal/grid seal works on the principle of bitumen felt. The overlay
bituminous concrete mix is capable of sustaining compressive stresses but is rather
weak in tension. In a bitumen felt the hessian fibre is coated with bitumen of high
stiffness. Under a load the compressive stresses are absorbed by bitumen while the
tensile stresses are borne by hessian fiber. The glass grid in comparison to hessian
fibre is much stronger wherein a number of glass strands are coated with a hard
grade of bitumen and arranged in the form of a grid.
5.19.3. The physical properties of the glass grid 1.0 Tensile strength in (KN), min100,2.0
Elongation at break, max 5percentage , 3.0 Melting Point degrees C, min- 218, 4.0
Mass per unit area 380 g/sqm.
5.19.4. Stress Absorbing/Strain Alleviating Membrane (SAM) is nothing but a surface
dressing where a paving grade bitumen is replaced by a modified bitumen, it is
aggregate of same specification of BC DBM aggregate.
5.19.5. Rate of spreading aggregate 12mm 7-10kg per 10sqm. and rate of spreading binder
1-1.5kg/ sqm.
5.19.6. Bituminous Concrete laid as per quality of BC called stress absorbing/strain
alleviating Membrane Interlayer (SAMI).
5.19.7. Laying of the glass grid- Being a self-adhesive material it will stick to the deck surface
as it is pressed by a pneumatic road roller.
5.19.8. Construction of stress absorbing/ strain alleviating membrane. The process involves
spraying of polymer modified bitumen by a pressure distributor & covering with
12.5mm aggregate spread by a grittier.
5.19.9. Construction of stress absorbing/strain alleviating membrane Inter layer (SAMI). Hot
mix plant, paver finisher and a fleet of road rollers were used to accomplish the
process.
5.20. RE wall
5.21. Pipe Culvert
5.22. Box Culvert
5.23. Pile foundation
5.24. Well foundation
5.25. Form work
5.26. Girder casting launching Grouting
5.27. Box Pushing

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 5.28. Load testing on bridges
5.29. Casting yard and Segment launching
5.30. Bus Bay
5.31. Truck Bye
5.32. Way side Amenities
5.33. Toll Plaza
5.34. Slope Protection
5.35. Chute drain
5.36. Median Drain
5.37. Turffing
5.38. Road Marking
5.39. Sinage fixing
5.40. Delineator
5.41. Solar Stud

F. Detail Engineering Designing

6. Details design
6.1. Horizontal alignment IRC 73
6.1.1. Terrain classification
Terrain Classification % age cross slope of country
Plain 0 to 10
Rolling 10 to 25
Mountainous 25 to 60
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 Steep More than 60
6.1.2. Capacity per lane per hour
C=1000V/S
C= capacity V= Speed S= Average spacing of in meter for successive vehicle
S=Length of vehicle + Distance travel during perception (break reaction time
+breaking distance)
S=L+0.278V.t+V^2/254f
f= confident of friction t= time in second
6.1.3. Stopping sight distance
Distance required for driver to stop the vehicle at a given speed after an object in the
road way become visible.
d1= inception time of 2.5 second travel time
d2= break distance with a moving vehicle to stop after application of break
d1=vt=.278VX2.5=0.695V
d2=V^2/254(f+-0.01G)
V= speed in KMPH
f= coefficient of friction
G= Longitudinal grade in present
Stopping Sight distance=d1+d2
6.1.4. Overtaking sight distance
Distance enable to driver to overtake safely and comfortable without interfering the
speed of oncoming vehicle.
Overtaken vehicle is travel 16KMH less than design speed
d1=initial manoeuver
d2= occupation right lane time assuming 9 to 14 sec travel time and 2/3rd value is
distance travel by opposing vehicle
d3= clearance length
d= opposing vehicle travelled
Overtaking sight distance =d1+d2+d3+d4
For single and two lane road consider overtaking distance if not feasible go through
intermediate sight distance and again not feasible go through stopping sight
distance.

Intermediate
Speed Stopping Sight Overtaking sight Sight distance
100 180 640 360
80 120 470 240
65 90 340 180
60 80 300 160
50 60 235 120
40 45 165 90
Divided Highway/Undivided four lane Stopping sight distance for divided with central
median or not
6.1.5. Camber
High type bituminous and concrete 1.7 to 2.0
Thin bituminous surface 2.0-2.5
Water bond Macadam 2.5-3.0
Earth 3.0-3.5
6.1.6. Setback distance
In horizontal curve lateral clearance so as to obtain sight distance
When S<L for two lane road
m=R-(R-p/2)cosA/2
m= distance obstruction from centre line of road
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 p= width of inner pavement
A= angle subtended at centre by arc length S= sight distance
When S>L for two lane road
m=R-(R-p/2)cosA/2+(S-L)/2sinA/2
6.1.7. Lateral clearance
Normal shoulder width 2.5-2.0
Kerb location Min 0.5m for divide highway
Other than kerb 1.5-1.0 for divide highway
6.1.8. Vertical clearance
Rural 5.0m
Urban 5.5m
Electric up to 110V 5.5m
Electric 110V up to 650V 6.0m
Electric above 650V 6.5m
6.1.9. Horizontal alignment
6.1.9.1. Minimum radius of curve
R=V^2/(127(e+µ))
µ=0.15 as per IRC
e= super elevation is counteract 3/4 of design speed
e=V^2/225R
6.1.9.2. Rate of change of super elevation
Rate of change of super elevation in pain and rolling terrain 1 in 150
and in hilly terrain 1 in 60
6.1.9.3. Method of attaining super elevation
consider 0 super elevation at start of transition curve and maximum
at starting of circular curve and extrapolate accordingly in case of no
transition two third of super elevation attain on straight transition
before start of circular curve and one third on curve for both ways.
6.1.9.4. Transition curve
Ts=Ls/2+(Rc+s) tan Δ/2
s=Ls^2/24Rc
Es=Rc+s)sec Δ/2 –Rc
Ts= Tangent distance , Ls = spiral length, Rc= Radius of spiral curve, s=
shift Es=apex distance
6.1.9.5. Length of transition
Ls=0.0215V^3/CRc
C=80/(75+V)
C= min 0.5 Max 0.8
6.1.9.6. Widening in curve
We=n18/Rc+0.1V/sqrt(Rc) in meter
n= no of lane

Radius
in Extra widening for two
meter lane
300< 0
100<>
300 0.6

6.1.9.7. Horizontal alignment design General

Long tangent of 3km avoided
Curve length minimums 150 meter for a deflection angle of 5 degree
and increase 30 meter in reduction of 1 degree in deflection angel

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 Curve in same direction separated by short tangent less than 10
second travel time is avoided with single curve.
6.1.10. Mx road design
6.1.10.1. Input survey data, process survey data, Create Triangulation,
Horizontal alignment design, Vertical alignment design, Road Ways,
Rule based super elevation,
6.1.10.2. Line mode for super elevation cross fall,
Design, design
131,MC00,,CE00,5=390956.094,7=0.025,8=391003.594,10=0
130,MC00,,CE00,5=391003.594,7=0.05,8=391164.469
999
131=leaner interpolation, 130= constant, 5=change, 7+ % age start,8+
change 10=%age end
6.1.10.3. Widening for line mode
Design, design
100,MC00,,CE00,-0.025,7=-3.5
110,MC00,,CE00,-0.04,7=-0.03
999
6.1.10.4. Road widening, Create fill layer, Regarded introspection, Create traffic
Island, Tidy Intersection, Shoulder design, Curb, shoulder side walk,
Earthwork Wizard, Cross Section editor, Pavement and subgrade
design,
6.1.11. Vertical alignment IPC SP 23
6.1.11.1. Gradient ruling used for design
Limiting gradient used in enormous cost reduction
Exceptional gradient short length not exceeding 100metre

Type of terrain Ruling Limiting Exceptional

Plain (0 to 10) 3.3 5 6.7
Rolling (10 to 25) 3.3 5 6.7
Mountainous (25 to
60) 5 6 7
Steep upto 3000m
MSL (More than 60) 5 6 7
Steep above 3000m
MSL (More than 60) 6 7 8

6.1.11.2. Grade composition of curve

Grade composition of curve %age =30+R/R
Subjected to Max 75/R
R = radius of circular curve
Grade composition of curve not necessary for flatter gradient less
than 4%
6.1.11.3. Length of summit curve
for stopping sight distance
L=NS^2/4.4 S<L
L=2S-4.4/N L<S
For intermediate or overtaking sight distance
L=NS^2/9.6 S<L
L=2S-9.6/N L<S
6.1.11.4. Minimum length of vertical curve= speed X0.6 in meter
Speed length
100 60

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 80 50
6.1.11.5. Length Valley curve
for stopping sight distance
L=NS^2/(1.5+0.035S) S<L
L=2S-(1.5+0.035S)/N L<S
6.1.11.6. Vertical curve design
No change in grade with in 150m distance
Minimum gradient for drain is 0.5 % for line and 1.0% for unlined
drain
Summit and Valley Curves' Profile: Parabola (y = a x2 + b x + c)
Parabolic equation may be expressed as follows
a = (n2 - n1) / 2L
b = n1
c = FRL
y = (n2-n1) x2/2L + n1 x + FRL
n1 and n2 are to be used with algebraic sign
Highest point will be at, x = n1 L / (n1 - n2)
Radius of Curvature, R = L / (n2 - n1)
6.2. Flexible pavement new IRC 37-2012
6.2.1. Assumption Rutting failure due to subgrade failure maximum 20mm taken for critical
consideration called εz = vertical strain on top of subgrade and Thickness of
bituminous layer failure called crocodile crack or fatigue failure based on εt =
horizontal tensile stress develop at bottom of bituminous layer assumption Max 20%
crack develop. Analysis done based on linear elastic layer theory for analyzing of
pavement theory based on three layer pavement system.
6.2.2. Rutting criteria Nr= 4.1656X10^8(1/ εz)^4.5337 where Nr maximum cumulative
standard axle to develop 20mm rutting εz maximum of 4.7201x10^-0.4
6.2.3. Fatigue Nf=2.21x10^-4(1/ εt)^3.89x(1/ Ebc)^0.854 where a Nf= maximum cumulative
standard axle to develop 20% fatigue strain . εt= horizontal tensile stress developed
at bottom of bituminous layer Ebc Max=2.6453x10-4 , E subgrade=17.6(CBR)^0.64
Egranular = Esubgrade x0.2x h ^0.45
6.2.4. Young’s modulus E= stress/ strain
6.2.5. Bulk modulus K= change in volume /original volume
6.2.6. Shear modulus Modulus of rigidity= G= shear stress/ shear strain
6.2.7. Poisson ratio =μ= traverse strain/ longitudinal strain
6.2.8. μ =3K-2G/(6K+2G) and 9/E=1/K+3/G
6.2.9. Flexural modulus or bending modulus E=L^3F/48IE
6.2.10. General
Initial traffic average daily traffic (ADT) surveyed
Traffic growth rate based on GDP
Design Life construction period and concession period
Vehicle damage facture calculated based on axle load survey
6.2.11. Design traffic The design traffic shall be calculated in terms of the cumulative
number of standard axles to be carried during the design life of the proposed road. It
shall be based upon the estimation of initial commercial vehicles per day, lateral
distribution of traffic, traffic growth rate , the design life and the vehicle damage
factor (number of equivalent standard axle for commercial vehicles) to convert
commercial vehicles to standard axles Ns =The cumulative number of standard axles
to be catered for in the design
6.2.12. Standard axle is 80KN with tyre pressure 0.56Mpa(80psi)
6.2.13. Traffic load spectrum calculated
6.2.14. Traffic count A= P(1+r)^n+10 where P= No of commercial vehicle, r= rate of increase
as per IRC not less than 7.5% ,n= design period, A= traffic count,

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 6.2.15. N= 365XA(1+r)^x-1)XFXD where F= vehicle damage factor count form axle load
survey, A= initial traffic, D= lane distribution factor, for single lane = two way
commercial vehicle X2, for two lane single carriage way = 75% of total two way
traffic, for four lane =40% of total two way traffic, for each additional lane reduce to
20%
6.2.16. Calculate effective CBR i.e. CBR of subgrade 500mm and below SG embankment top
500mm calculate based on graphs.
6.2.17. Calculate resilience modulus Ebc Max=2.6453x10-4 , E subgrade=17.6(CBR)^0.64
Egranular = Esubgrade x0.2x h ^0.45
6.2.18. Pavement design based on IITPAVE soft ware
6.2.19. From graphs calculate pavement thickness corresponding to cumulative msa
6.2.20. Equivalent factor for different thickness E1H1^3/12(1- μ1)= E2H2^3/12(1- μ2) where
E elastic modulus, H= thickness μ= Poisson ratio. i.e. 180mm DBM with VG-
30=150mmDBM in VG-40
6.3. Overlay design IRC 81-1997 using Benkelman beam deflection technique.
6.3.1. BBD test toeing vehicle standards Rarer axle load 8170 Kg called standard axle, Tyre
pressure 5.6kg/cm^2, temperature recorded up to a depth of 45mm from pavement
surface, and BBD test measure at 90cm from pavement edge for two lane and 1.5m
for four lane and 60cm from single lane road. Reading recording at 0, and 2.7m and
9m as initial, intermediate, and final reading Final deflection = intermediate – final
reading = less than 0.025mm or final deflection = 2(Final-Initial)+2.91X2(Final-
Intermediate ) if intermediate – Final reading greater than 0.025mm Payment
selection are as Good (no crack rutting less than 10mm ) fair (No crack rutting less
than 10-20mm) and Poor (crack with rutting more than 20mm) length not than 1Km
min found out as homogenous section. Minimum 10 point in each lane and 50m
interval on wheel path of outer wheel, consider highest and lowest deflection is 1/3
of mean than extra deflection of 25mm made, temperature correction 0.01mm for
each degree from 35 degree as mean, and subgrade soil moisture contain type of soil
sample taken.
6.3.2. Calculate characteristic deflection = Dc= Mean (X) of all the measure deflection + k*
Standard deviation (σ), Measure road Dc= X+2 σ and other road Dc= X+ σ
6.3.3. Standard axle is 80KN with tyre pressure 0.56Mpa(80psi)
6.3.4. Traffic count A= P(1+r)^n+10 where P= No of commercial vehicle, r= rate of increase
as per IRC not less than 7.5% ,n= design period, A= traffic count,
6.3.5. N= 365XA(1+r)^x-1)XF where F= vehicle damage factor count form axle load survey,
A= lane distribution factor, for single lane = two way commercial vehicle X2, for two
lane single carriage way = 75% of total two way traffic, for four lane =40% of total
two way traffic, for each additional lane reduce to 20%
6.3.6. From graphs calculate characteristic deflection to MSA projected and calculate BM
thickness,
1BM =1.5WBM or WMM
1 BM= 0.7 DBM or Ac or BC
Minimum overlay should be 50mm BM minimum with 40mm DBM or 40mm BC

6.4. Pavement evaluation

6.4.1. Functional (comfortable safe riding surface measure)
6.4.1.1. PSI (present serviceability index (AASHO) PSI=5.03-1.91log(1+Sv)-1.38
RD^2-0.01(C+P)^0.5) here Sv = slope variation (1X10^6) average of
both wheel path, RD= Rut depth (Inches) over 4ft span average of
both wheel, C= cracking area (Sqft/1000Sqft of pavement), P=
Patching area((Sqft/1000Sqft of pavement)
6.4.1.2. Roughness

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 6.4.1.2.1. Bump indicator value measure in 5th wheel bump indicator
instrument, with a speed of 32km/h, one unit is equal to
one inch vertical deviation Max as per our standard is
2,000 per Km/ per lane
6.4.1.2.2. Merline (Machine for evaluation roughness using low cost
instrument)
6.4.1.2.3. IRI International Roughness Index, vehicle speed o 80Km/h,
stiffness of suspension/body mass=63.3, Stiffness of Tyre
spring/Body mass=653, Axle mass/ Body mass=0.15
measure in golden car of quarter car.
6.4.2. Structural
6.4.2.1. Destructive (Core cutting, pit cutting and material properties
evaluated at laboratory)
6.4.2.2. Nondestructive (Plate load test and Benkelman beam deflection )
6.4.2.2.1. Benkelman beam deflection test (WASHO method and
CGRA method depend on method of measurement.
6.5. Paving quality concrete design IRC 58
6.5.1. General
Initial traffic average daily traffic (ADT) surveyed
Traffic growth rate
Design Life construction period and concession period
Vehicle damage facture calculated
6.5.2. Design traffic The design traffic shall be calculated in terms of the cumulative
number of standard axles to be carried during the design life of the proposed road. It
shall be based upon the estimation of initial commercial vehicles per day, lateral
distribution of traffic, traffic growth rate , the design life and the vehicle damage
factor (number of equivalent standard axle for commercial vehicles) to convert
commercial vehicles to standard axles Ns =The cumulative number of standard axles
to be catered for in the design
6.5.3. Standard axle is 100 K or 12.2 Ton for single tendam and 186KN of 19.0Ton for
tendam and 235KN or 24.0 Ton for double tendam tyre pressure 0.56Mpa(80psi)
6.5.4. Behaviour of concrete slab curling stress convex during night tensile crack develop
at top and concave during day time crack developed at bottom due to tensile stress
with maximum temperature variation 0.0Am to 6.00AM and 10.00Am to 4.00PM
calculate axle during this hour to cumulative average daily. Calculate average no of
commercial vehicle per axle from site survey
6.5.5. 90% percentile od subgrade CBR consider with 500mm below subgrade
6.5.6. A =Initial Traffic, in the year of completion of construction, in terms of commercial
vehicle per day duly modified to account for lane distribution. In the present case,
the proposed toll plaza is 8 lane divided carriageway, hence the design would be
based upon 25% of the total traffic in the direction of the predominant traffic, as per
clause 4.4 of IRC: 58-2002.
r = Annual growth rate of commercial Vehicles
n = Design life in years
F =Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF); to calculate the equivalent standard axles for each
type of commercial vehicle not consider for design due to analysis for fatigue
damage due to maximum axle load and total submission of fatigue damage is less
than one for safe consideration of concrete for stress ratio consider with
Ns=365XA{1+rn-1}/r
6.5.7. Axle load spectrum for single axil and multi axle calculated for commercial vehicle
with maximum Nos. of repetition and calculated fatigue life for both single and
multi-axle. Basic design of slab done based on 98% percentile axle load assuming

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 25% of axle load repetition. And for all axle type single tendam and tridam axle as
per site report of traffic survey
6.5.8. Calculate axle load for single and tandem axle individually add axle load facture of
1.2 time and calculate stress from chart provided for thickness of concrete calculate
stress ratio=load / flexural strength of concrete ,take expected repetition from traffic
spectrum, calculate max allowable repetition from table , calculate fatigue life
consumed = allowable repetition/ fatigue life total submission of fatigue life less
than 1.0 than safe
6.5.9. Stress ratio=flexural stress due to load / Flexural strength of concrete=0.45<SR<0.55
6.5.10. Fcr= 0.7x square root of Fck where Fcr flexural strength and Fck characteristic
compressive strength and Fcr=0.36X Fck^0.7 for crony equation for crushed
aggregate.
6.5.11. Modulus of elasticity subjected to dynamic load E=5000x sqrt of Fck =30000Mpa
6.5.12. Calculate effective K value for modulus of subgrade reaction corresponding to CBR
of subgrade and Sub base and DLC layer from table provided.
6.5.13. Assumption of design is foundation is wrinkler and stress developed based on
westgaard analysis .
6.5.14. Checking for temperature stress
Edge warping stress Ste = CE α t/2
Ste = Temperature stress in the edge region
E = Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete = 3 x105 kg /cm²
α = Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete = 10 x 10 -6 / ºC
T = Temp differential for Mahrashtra region = 21° C for 35 cm thick slab
C = Bradbury’s coefficient to be determined from L/l ratio
L = Length of Slab = 4.5m = 450 cm
l =- radius of relative stiffness of concrete calculate =

h = thickness of slab
μ = Poisson’s ratio for concrete = 0.15
K = Modulus of subgrade reaction = 27.8 Kg/cm²/ cm
6.5.15. Check for Corner Stress not required as dowel bar provided less than flexural
strength of concrete

6.5.16. Design for dowel bar wheel load 40% consider Fb less than load carrying capacity of
dowel bar

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6.5.17. Bearing stress Design less than Fb allowalble bearing stress.

6.5.18. Design for tie bar spacing calculation

6.5.19. Length of tie bar add 100mm for painting 50mm for tolerance

6.5.20. Reinforcement steel for minimalize crack

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6.6. High embankment design
6.7. Gabion wall design
6.8. RE wall
6.9. Pipe culvert as per standard drawing of SP-13-2004
6.10. Box culvert
6.10.1. Calculation of active earth pressure

6.10.2. Calculate self-weight of box culvert

6.10.3. Calculate SIDL pressure
6.10.4. Earth pressure at bottom
6.10.5. Live load surcharge
6.10.6. Check for safe bearing pressure on self-weight plus pressure on 70R +Class A
6.10.7. Calculate BM for 70R wheel vehicle for one lane

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6.10.8. Calculated 70R track vehicle BM maximum for one lane
6.10.9. Calculated class A vehicle BM maximum for one lane

6.10.10. Calculated class A+70R wheel combine vehicle BM maximum

6.10.11.Calculate class A+70R track combine vehicle BM maximum
6.10.12.Design data

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6.10.13. Design for slab for maximum positive and negative moment for slab

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6.10.14.Design for slab for maximum positive and negative moment for wall
6.10.15.Design for wall same as slab with addition to this

6.10.16.Return wall for Box culvert calculate

6.10.17.Design data calculation same as Box design
6.10.18.Active earth pressure

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Page 66 of 99
6.10.19.Calculate stabilize force and Calculate over turn force

6.10.20. Check stability against stability safe>1.5 force

6.10.21. Check against overturning >2.0 safe movement

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6.10.22. Check base slab design

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6.10.23. Calculate section modulus

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 6.10.24.Check for stem slab

6.11. Drain design IRC SP 42

6.11.1. Calculation for 42210 to 42840 (630m) with top of maximum box cut width 95m

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 It is assumed that one side of drain in cutting shall get discharge from rainfall in 95/2
+ 5= 52.5m (say 60m) width
6.11.2. Coefficient of Runoff Pav= 0.90
Let L is length of road under consideration
6.11.3. Time of Concentration: The remotest point in the cross- section is the end point of
top of box cut; Assuming velocity of water 0.6 m/ sec over the slope (velocity
component of water towards side drain; effective velocity over slope is 2.5m/ sec)
and 2.0m/ sec, in the drain.
t= (23/0.6) x (1/60) + L/(2 x 60) minutes
= (0.63+ L/120) minutes
Hence t= [0.63 + (550+630)/120]= 10.46 min
6.11.4. Area: Area contributing to flow at any point L meter from start of grade 2.5% is given
by
At = [(60 x 630 + 35 x 550)/ 10000] hectare= 5.705 hectare.
6.11.5. Rainfall intensity ‘i’
From rainfall map of India, 1hour maximum rainfall near Indore region for 25 year
return period is 70mm
It = F/T [(T+1)/(t+1)] [Refer IRC SP 42]
Hence It = 7/1 [(1+1)/(10.46/60+1)] = 11.92 cm.
6.11.6. Discharge:
Q= 0.028 x Pav x It x At
Time of concentration= 10.46 minutes
Pav =0.9
It = 11.92 cm
At= 5.705 hectare
Q= 0.028 x 0.9 x 11.92 x 5.705= 1.72 cum/ sec
6.11.7. Channel section calculations
Let us assume rectangular drain section of 1.0m width:
Concrete bottom, float finished with sides of random stone in mortar.
Slope of drain= 2.5%
Manning’s n= 0.017 to 0.020
Allowable velocity= 5.1- 5.7m/sec
For side drain one meter deep; maximum allowed water depth 0.8m
A= 1 x 0.8= 0.8 sqm
P=2 x 0.8 +1= 2.6m
R= A/P= 0.8/2.6= 0.31m
V= 1/n x R^(2/3) x S^(1/2)
V= (1/ 0.020) x (0.286)^(2/3) x (0.025)^(0.5)
= 3.6 m/ sec (ok since less than allowable velocity of 5.1 m/sec)
Q= 0.8 x 3.6= 2.88 cum/ sec (more than 1.72 cum/ sec. OK)Hence proposal of drain
of 1m x 1 m height on both side of carriageway with concrete bottom float finished,
and sides of random stone in mortar from 42210 to 42840 is OK.
6.12. Form work (Ply IS 4990 , Wood Batten IS 883, Steel IS 800, pipe IS 1161, IS 806 for 40 NB pipe
6.12.1. Stripping time
Vertical wall, beam, wall 16-24 hours
Soffit of slab up to span 4.5m 7 days
More than 4.5m 14 days
Soffit of Beam up to span 6.0m 7 days
More than 6.0 m 14 days
6.12.2. Allowable slip load for clamp/coupler 1.25T IS 2750
Consider factor of safety =2 than slip load carrying capacity of each coupler = 0.625T
No of braces required = 2% of horizontal load X1000/625

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 Design of base concrete block= total load/ area of concrete block = less than
10T/sqm assume safe bearing capacity of soil 10T/sqm.
Maximum load carrying capacity of U head 4.0T
E value of Ply wood =1X10^5 kg/sqcm
Steel =2.1X10^6 kg/sqcm
6.12.3. Vertical Load
Weight of concrete with reinforcement 2.5T/cum
Self-weight of farm work 0.1T/sqm to 0.15t/sqm
Live load on construction 0.2t/sqm to 0.25t/sqm
Horizontal load 2% of dead load
Factor of safety 1.25
Special equipment load F=Wa/g where W= weight of equipment and a =
acceleration

Load due to poring form height P= Where W= concrete weight in

buicket, T= time required to empty the bucket, h= height of flow,
6.12.4. Check for deflection

For simply supported uniformly disturbed load

For Continuous uniformly disturbed load Where l= span , E=

youngs modulus of material, I = moment of Inertia,= bd^3/12 for rectangular section
w= uniformly distributed load
Permissible limit
Ply wood =L/27 or 2.0mm or permissible deflection of concrete wherever is less
Wooden batten = L/240 or 3.0mm or permissible deflection of concrete wherever is
less
Steel = L/325 or 3.0mm or permissible deflection of concrete wherever is less
6.12.5. Check for bending

For simply supported uniformly disturbed load

For Continuous uniformly disturbed load

Resisting moment of support is Where Mr= Resisting moment α=

allowable bending stress, Z= section modulus = bd^2/6 for rectangular section
Permissible limit
Allowable stress on Ply =105kg/cm^2
Allowable stress on Hard wood =180kg/cm^2
Allowable stress on medium wood =120kg/cm^2
Allowable stress on soft wood =85kg/cm^2
Allowable stress on steel =0.66 Fy where Fy = yield stress of steel =2500 Kg/sqcm
6.12.6. Check for shear
Maximum shear stress = where V= shear force in kg , A= cross sectional
area

V= For simply supported uniformly disturbed load

For Continuous uniformly disturbed load Where w= uniform load, l=

span
Permissible limit
Allowable stress on Ply =14 kg/cm^2
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 Allowable stress on Hard wood =10.5 kg/cm^2
Allowable stress on medium wood =6.4 kg/cm^2
Allowable stress on soft wood =4.9 kg/cm^2
Allowable stress on steel =0.45 Fy where Fy = yield stress of steel
6.12.7. Lateral pressure of concrete CIRIA (construction Industry research and Information
association)

Where D=
weight density of concrete and h= vertical pour height
6.12.8. Pipe IS IS 1161, IS 806 for 40 NB pipe
Radius of gyration = r min = Sqrt of (moment of inertia/ cross-sectional area

Slenderness ratio= L eff/r min

Allowable compressive stress from IS 806 from selenserness ratio value we get
Load carrying capacity of pipe = value from IS 806 allowable compressive stress X
Cross sectional area of pipe
6.13. Safe bearing capacity of soil IS 2131 for SPT test and IS 6403 SBC of soil settlement of
foundation IS 8009 part-1
6.13.1. Cohesion less soil
Due to overburden correction correction IS 2131 clause 3.6 applied to N value=13
from SPT test result
Due to diletancy N=13
Angle of internal friction ¢=30.9
Specific gravity of soil G=2.65
Submerged density ý=0.001kg/cm^2
Factor of safety of sand =3
N¢=tan^2(π/4+¢/2) calculate N’ value for bearing capacity factor, S for shape factor,
d for depth factor, and I for inclination factor water table factor Dw from IS 6403.

6.13.2. Cohesive soil

Whichever is lower multiply by factor of safety will come Net safe bearing capacity of soil.
6.13.3. Settlement of foundation IS 8009 part-1
6.13.3.1. Cohesion less soil
From fig-9 of IS 8009 find settlement
Water table correction applied
Depth factor and rigid factor applied from fig 12
6.13.3.2. Cohesive soil

Applied depth factor and water table factor and rigid factor.

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Page 74 of 99
6.14. xxxx

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 G. Planning and Quantity Surveying

7. Planning and Quantities surveying

7.1. Planning is a unique process consist of a set of coordinate and controlled activity with start and
finished date undertaken to achieved an objective confirming to specification including the
constraint of time cost and resource
Method of planning (Making decision and control)
1. Six hat thinking (making decision)
1.1. All information
1.2. Emotion feeling
1.3. Caution, prevention
1.4. Advantage
1.5. New idea Renovation
1.6. Overall control
2. Plus minus Interesting (making decision)
2.1. Plus point
2.2. Negative point
2.3. Interesting point
3. PDCA (Controlling)
3.1. Plan
3.2. Do
3.3. Check
3.4. Act Action
4. Cause effect diagram (root cause analysis)
4.1. Method
4.2. Machinery
4.3. People Man power
4.4. Material
5. SMART (for target fixing)
5.1. S-Specific- situation
5.2. M-Measurable- Quality, target and benefit
5.3. A- Achievable – attained objective
5.4. R-Realistic- obtain level of change in the objective
5.5. T-Time bond – within time
6. Parito analysis (80-20) (Where to concentration)
6.1. Classified 80% of achieve to concentration of 20% of activity
6.2. Classified 20% of achieve to concentration of 80% of activity
Project Management knowledge area
7.1.1. Integration management
7.1.2. Scope Management (Scope of work )
7.1.3. Time Management (Scheduling)
7.1.3.1. Scope of work to be fixed
7.1.3.2. Create WBS (Work breakdown structure)
7.1.3.3. Define activity
7.1.3.4. Sequence activity
7.1.3.5. Activity dependency identification
7.1.3.6. Consider date of all input
7.1.3.7. Estimate resource for activity
7.1.3.8. Estimate activity duration
7.1.3.9. Allocate resource to activity
7.1.3.10. Developed schedule
7.1.3.11. Keep contingency
7.1.3.12. Review critical path
7.1.3.13. Do resource leveling
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 7.1.3.14. Review scheduling
7.1.4. Cost of the project
7.1.5. Quality Management standards of work
7.1.5.1. Quality Management: Degree to which set inherent (Inbuilt)
characteristic fulfil the requirement.
7.1.5.1.1. Established
7.1.5.1.2. Document
7.1.5.1.3. Implement
7.1.5.1.4. Maintain
7.1.5.1.5. Continuous improvement.
7.1.5.2. Quality Planning: focus setting quality objective specifying necessary
operation before start of project.
7.1.5.3. Quality assurance: focus on providing confidence that quality
requirement full.
7.1.5.4. Quality control: focus fulfils the quality requirement.
7.1.5.5. Quality improvement: focus increase ability of fulfil quality requirement.
7.1.5.6. Project quality plan.
7.1.5.6.1. Management quality responsibility
7.1.5.6.2. Document quality management system.
7.1.5.6.3. Requirement scope
7.1.5.6.4. Design control.
7.1.5.6.5. Execution control
7.1.5.6.6. Document control.
7.1.5.6.7. Purchasing (MTC manufacture test certificate)
7.1.5.6.8. Inspection and testing.
7.1.5.6.9. Non conformation.
7.1.5.6.10. Corrective action.
7.1.5.6.11. Quality record.
7.1.5.6.12. Quality audits.
7.1.5.6.13. Training.
7.1.5.6.14. Method of statement of work or work methodology.
7.1.5.6.15. Cause effect diagram (fish bone diagram).
7.1.5.6.16. Parito analysis (80-20) mean 80% effect is done by
20%cause.
7.1.6. Resource Management
7.1.6.1. Material management (Procurement Management)
7.1.6.1.1. Planning and scheduling
7.1.6.1.2. Requirement (including material speciation)
7.1.6.1.3. Selection
7.1.6.1.4. Procurement
7.1.6.1.5. Delivery
7.1.6.1.6. Quality inspection
7.1.6.1.7. Storage
7.1.6.1.8. Issue
7.1.6.1.9. Monitoring
7.1.6.1.10. Inventory and recording
7.1.6.1.11. Control of consumption and wastage
7.1.6.1.12. Reconciliation
7.1.6.2. Machinery Management
7.1.6.2.1. Planning and scheduling
7.1.6.2.2. Requirement
7.1.6.2.3. Selection
7.1.6.2.4. Procurement/ hiring

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 7.1.6.2.5. Deployment
7.1.6.2.6. Operation
7.1.6.2.7. Monitoring and recording
7.1.6.2.8. Productivity performance evaluation and utilization
7.1.6.2.9. Control
7.1.6.2.10. Spare parts and consumable
7.1.6.2.11. Fuel and lubricants
7.1.6.2.12. Maintenance
7.1.6.2.13. Billing
7.1.6.2.14. Reconciliation
7.1.6.3. Manpower Management
7.1.6.3.1. Planning scheduling scope
7.1.6.3.2. Requirement (Department/subcontract) WBS
7.1.6.3.3. Section of work
7.1.6.3.4. Work order
7.1.6.3.5. Deployment
7.1.6.3.6. Training induction
7.1.6.3.7. Monitoring
7.1.6.3.8. Recording
7.1.6.3.9. Productivity and performance evaluation
7.1.6.3.10. Gape analysis
7.1.6.3.11. Training
7.1.6.3.12. Billing
7.1.6.3.13. Controlling
7.1.6.3.14. Reconciliation
7.1.6.4. Cost Management (Money)
7.1.6.5. Human resource Management (Management staff)
7.1.6.5.1. Develop human resource plan: Identifying and
documenting project role and responsibility require skill
reporting relationship creating staff management plan.
7.1.6.5.2. Acquire project team: process confirming human resource
availability and selecting right people.
7.1.6.5.3. Develop project team: Improve competency team
interaction overall team environment to enhance project
performance.
7.1.6.5.4. Manage project team: Tracking and apprising team
member performance resolving issue providing feedback
and managing changes to optimize project performance.
7.1.6.5.5. Schedule of staff: list out staff requirement of the project
on various disciplines on various levels.
7.1.6.5.6. Organization chart: Project hierarchy department
responsibility role and responsibility like a flow chart.
7.1.6.5.7. Responsibility assignment matrix: Clearly define project
deliverable responsibility of every one involve assign
accountability Responsibility, support required, must be
consulted, must be notice, approval required, get review.
7.1.6.5.8. Resource histogram: column chart that show number of
resource assign to a project over time. It gives what
resource available and what are utilizing in present time
and how long the resource is tied up.
7.1.6.5.9. Staff training and evaluation of effectiveness of training
7.1.6.5.10. Evaluate staff performance and appraisal
7.1.7. Risk Management

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7.2. Infrastructure planning
Depending on size, duration and geographical condition of project
7.2.1. Work shop
7.2.2. Petrol pump
7.2.3. Communication
7.2.4. Plant and equipment
7.2.5. Drinking water
7.2.6. Testing facility
7.2.7. Store
7.2.8. Casting yard
7.2.9. Site Project office
7.2.10. Staff accommodation
7.2.11. Car parking
7.2.12. Labour colony
7.2.13. Batching plant
7.2.14. Hot mixed plant
7.2.15. Wet mixed plant
7.2.16. Stock yard for aggregate and sand
7.2.17. Borrow area
7.2.18. Mining area
7.2.19. Crusher plant
7.3. Responsibility of construction project
7.3.1. Planning and scheduling
7.3.2. Camp establishment and maintaining
7.3.3. Design and drawing
7.3.4. Work procedure
7.3.5. Technology and engineering
7.3.6. Mobilization
7.3.7. Surveying
7.3.8. Work execution
7.3.9. Human resource
7.3.10. Quality assurance
7.3.11. Quality control
7.3.12. Safety health and environment
7.3.13. Operation and maintenance of plant and equipment
7.3.14. Purchase
7.3.15. Store and material management
7.3.16. Subcontracting
7.3.17. Risk management
7.3.18. Project costing
7.3.19. Account and finance
7.3.20. Project Administration
7.3.21. Monitoring controlling and evaluation
7.3.22. Contracts and records
7.3.23. Reconciliation
7.3.24. Project commination
7.3.25. Training and development
7.4. Construction program (work program)
7.4.1. Award of work (commencement date, area handed over by client, client
responsibility)
7.4.2. Initial activities (Survey, Geological investigation, utilities and tree felling)
7.4.3. Engineering (Design and drawing submission, approval, source approval, job mixed
formula)

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 7.4.4. Mobilization (Mobilization Manpower, plant and equipment, Installation, Enabling
work like shuttering fabrication, bearing )
7.4.5. Construction (WBS-1, WBS-2 depends on payment schedule)
7.4.6. Restoration and handing over to client
7.5. Cost to complete
7.5.1. Information required (Job till date, Scope of work, Out of scope of work)
7.5.2. Calculate BOQ bill of quantity of work
7.5.3. Calculate out of scope of work
7.5.4. Work plan quantity month wise
7.5.5. Sale amount month wise
7.5.6. Escalation or price adjustment
7.5.7. Material rate master
7.5.8. Mix design master
7.5.9. Wastage norms
7.5.10. Material consumption details
7.5.11. Material requirement month wise
7.5.12. Material expenses month wise
7.5.13. Subcontractor rate master
7.5.14. Subcontractor quantity plan
7.5.15. Subcontractor cost
7.5.16. PRW rate master
7.5.17. PRW cost
7.5.18. Equipment norms master
7.5.19. Equipment production hours
7.5.20. Equipment working hour
7.5.21. Equipment POL norms Fuel and lubricant
7.5.22. Equipment POL cost fuel and lubricant
7.5.23. Equipment Spare and consumable cost
7.5.24. Plant machinery internal cost (Own equipment)
7.5.25. Plant and Equipment Hire cost
7.5.26. Site establishment summary
7.5.27. Site establishment cost
7.5.28. HSE health safety and environment and MISC cost
7.5.29. Allocable cost (Shuttering staging )
7.5.30. Allocable working cost
7.5.31. Manpower cost summary(Staff)
7.5.32. Manpower deployment cost (labour)
7.5.33. Running cost financing cost, administration cost
7.5.34. Rate analysis of Main scope of work
7.5.35. Taxation and duty
7.5.36. Bar chart for balance period till completion
7.5.37. Cash in flow
7.5.38. Cash out flow
7.5.39. Profitability statement
7.6. Earn value analysis.
BCWS: Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled. Rs.1,00,000
BCWP: Budgeted Cost of Work Performed Rs.75,000
ACWP: Actual cost of Work Performed Rs.90,000
SV: Scheduled Variance (BCWS - BCWP) 1,00,000 – 75,000=25,000
CV: Cost variance (BCWP - ACWP) 75,000 – 90,000= 15,000
CPI: Cost performance Index (BCWP / ACWP) 75,000/90,000= 0.833
SPI: Scheduled Performance Index (BCWP / BCWS) 75,000/1,00,000 = 0.75

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 EAC: Estimate at Completion (TOTAL BUDGET (BAC) / CPI) 2,00,000 / 0.833=
2,40,000
BAC: Budget at Completion 2,00,000
VAC: Variance at Completion (BAC - EAC) 2,00,000 – 2,40,000= Rs -40,000 i.e
Profit margin will be reduced by Rs 40,000
7.7. Cost Management
7.7.1. Cost management: includes the process required to insure that the project will
completed within the approved budget.
7.7.2. Cost estimation: it is a process of developing an estimate of the cost of resource
needed to complete the project activity.
7.7.3. Cost budget: it is the process of aggregating the estimated cost of individual activity
to establish a base line to measure performance.
7.7.4. S Curve: Time phase project budget with the help of schedule and make cost base
line.
7.7.5. Cost control: It is the process of monitoring the status of the project to update the
project budget and managing the change of cost base line.
7.7.6. Work estimate or zero cost estimate: cost estimation committed by project in-
charge.
7.7.7. Actual cost or cost statement: collection of actual expenses incurred in execution for
each items of work under various head of work.
7.7.8. Cost code: Is design based on the nature of activity for which particular cost in
incurred.
7.7.9. Estimate to complete the balance work: Actual cost already incurred plus estimates
to complete the balance job is compare with zero cost estimates to review the
control of cost for balance work as well as trend of profitability.
7.7.10. Constraint: it contains combine unit cost of each items of work as being expended.
7.7.11. Variance: Arithmetical deviation between original estimate and revised estimate
positive variance mean saving in cost and negative mean over spending.
7.7.12. Schedule of direct cost and indirect cost: Cost and overhead shall be determined
by working out month wise expenses under various head.
7.7.13. Cash inflow and out flow: schedule will be give cash flow requirement of the job
and different between inflow and out flow.
7.7.14. Earn value analysis.
BCWS: Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled. Rs.1,00,000
BCWP: Budgeted Cost of Work Performed Rs.75,000
ACWP: Actual cost of Work Performed Rs.90,000
SV: Scheduled Variance (BCWS - BCWP) 1,00,000 – 75,000=25,000
CV: Cost variance (BCWP - ACWP) 75,000 – 90,000= 15,000
CPI: Cost performance Index (BCWP / ACWP) 75,000/90,000= 0.833
SPI: Scheduled Performance Index (BCWP / BCWS) 75,000/1,00,000 =
0.75
EAC: Estimate at Completion (TOTAL BUDGET (BAC) / CPI) 2,00,000 /
0.833= 2,40,000
BAC: Budget at Completion 2,00,000
VAC: Variance at Completion (BAC - EAC) 2,00,000 – 2,40,000= Rs -40,000
i.e Profit margin will be reduced by Rs 40,000.
7.8. Contract Management
7.8.1. Contract Management. It is a process enable to all the parties contract to meet their
obligation to deliver the objective requirement as per the contract. Or Zero dispute
stage of project completion with in time frame quality and budgeted cost by
adopting safe practice.
7.8.2. Contract. Agreement enforce by law is a contract.

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 7.8.2.1. Contract Document: with priority Clause 1.5 of FIDIC 1. Contract
agreement, 2. Letter of acceptance, 3. Letter of tender, 4. Particular
condition, 5. General condition, 6. Specification, 7. Drawing, 8.
Schedule 9. Notice to precede, 10.Bill of quantity.
7.8.2.2. Record required at site construction program, minute of meeting,
approval submitted and its approval, Variation order, accident record,
inspection report drawing register, pore card, equipment log book,
and instruction register payment status.
7.8.2.3. Formation of contract: proposal and its communication, Acceptance
of proposal and its communication, Agreement by both the parties
then contract.
7.8.2.4. Element of contract: agreement, offer of acceptance, Lawful
consideration, capacity of parties (competence), free consent of all
the parties lawful object, intent to create legal relationship,
arbitration must be mention.
7.8.3. Type of contract.
7.8.3.1. Unit rate/ unit price contract description of items with estimated
quantities and unit of measurement mention contract express their
rate for the contract.
7.8.3.2. Percentage rate contract department give schedule of items quantity
unit rate contractor give his percentage.
7.8.3.3. Cost plus percentage contract where scope not defined actual cost
plus fixed profit it is difficulties to substantiate.
7.8.3.4. Lump sum contract all risk to contractor scope defined and amount
defied.
7.8.3.5. Turnkey/EPC contract: package deal contract, engineering
procurement operation where employer has to just turn the key.
7.8.3.6. BOT: Built, operate and transfer concession for a specific time to
operate and generate revenue.
7.8.3.7. FIDIC form of contract: International federation of consulting engineer
standard format for contract accepted by both the parties.
7.8.4. FIDIC contract.
7.8.4.1. Red book condition of contract for construction Design by employer
or its representative and construction by contractor and some limited
design by contractor.
7.8.4.2. Yellow book condition of contract for plant design built project for
electrical and mechanical engineering design contractor design
according to employer requirement.
7.8.4.3. Silver book condition of contract for turnkey project for design built
and turnkey project contractor responsible for design execution of an
engineering project.
7.8.4.4. Green book Short form of contract for small value payment will be on
monthly basis no matter who provide design and which field
construction electrical mechanical.
7.8.5. FIDIC red book
7.8.5.1. Priority Clause 1.5 of FIDIC 1. Contract agreement, 2. Letter of
acceptance, 3. Letter of tender, 4. Particular condition, 5. General
condition, 6. Specification, 7. Drawing, 8. Schedule 9. Notice to
precede, 10.Bill of quantity.
7.8.5.2. Base date 28 days before last date of submission of tender clause
7.8.5.3. Contract formation within 28 days of receiving letter of acceptance
clause 1.6 all expenses during contract document borne by employer

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 and give two set of copy free of cost to contractor 1.8, contractor
submitted contractor document six copy to engineer
7.8.5.4. 2 Employer, Right to excess to site 2.1 as per tender document or
written notice to proceed by employer.
7.8.5.5. Permit licence and approval 2.2, employer financial arrangement
submitted by employer within 28 days requested by contractor
7.8.5.6. 3 Engineer 3.1 duty and responsibility of engineer, 3.4 replacement of
engineer latter than 42 days of intimation to contractor
7.8.5.7. 4 Contractor 4.2 Performance security within 28 days of receiving
letter of acceptance and release within 21 days after receiving
performance certificate.
7.8.5.8. Setting out at site employer responsibility 4.7 , safety 4.8, 4.9 quality
assurance, 4.12 unforeseeable, 4.16 transportation of goods 21 days
in advance intimate to engineer.
7.8.5.9. 4.21 progress reports within 7 days of period specified.
7.8.5.10. 5 subcontractors if contractor not paid certified amount by engineer
to subcontractor the same amount paid by engineer to subcontractor
and debited to contractor.
7.8.5.11. 6 Staff and labour 6.2 rate of wages as per government lower wages
and similar industrial which is higher.6.4 labour law as per
government law.
7.8.5.12. 7 Plant material and workmanship, 7.3 insurance, 7.4 testing within
24 hours’ notice to engineer otherwise deem to be approved by
engineer.7.5 rejection, 7.6 Remedial work, 7.8 Royalties.
7.8.5.13. 8 commencement delay and suspension. 8.1 Engineer give 7 days
before commencement of work and maximum 42 days receiving letter
of acceptance. 8.2 time of completion, 8.3 contractor has to submit
work program within 28 day notice to proceed issue by employer.8.4
extension time for completion, 8.10 payment of plant and machinery
at event of suspension 8.11 prolong suspension more than 84 days
contractor notice to proceed if engineer fail to give proceed within 28
days contractor give suspense to work.
7.8.5.14. 9 tests on completion 9.1 contractor obligation notice 21 days
advance to carried out the test.
7.8.5.15. 10 Employer taking over notice to engineer before 14 days of
work10.1 and engineer max 28 day take to make decision 10.3
interference with test on completion max 14 days after test notice to
engineer or engineer.
7.8.5.16. 11 Defect liability 11.3 Extension max 2 year additional by employer,
11.9 performance certificate within 28 days expire of defect
notification period , performance certificate deem that work accepted
by employer site clearance within 28 days of performance certificate
otherwise contractor liable for payment.
7.8.5.17. 12 Measurement and evaluation. 12.1 engineer intimate by
contractor for measurement if engineer fail to measure within 14 days
work is accepted and accurate.12.3 Evaluation max permissible limit
change 10% of BOQ and 0.01% amount individual item than goes for
variation.
7.8.5.18. 13 variation and adjustment 13.1 right to vary any variation. 13.3
variation procedure 13.7 adjustment in change in law 13.8
Adjustment in change in law Pn=a+b*Ln/L0+c*En/E0+d*Mn/M0+------
Where a= nonadjustable data, b,c,d coefficient representing estimates
proposition each cost element related to execution of work Ln,En,Mn

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 cost indices 49 days prior to the day of period certified, L0,E0,M0base
cost indices
7.8.5.19. 14 Contract price and payment 14.1.Contractor submitted
breakdown statement of lump sum price within 28 days of
commencement of work. 14.2 Advance payment interest free only
after receiving performance guarantee from contractor and it will be
compensate in Interim payment certificated as stated in contract
contractor should enforce guarantee 28 days in advance its expiry. If
termination and force majeure all advance payment will be due to
employer by concrator.14.3 Application for interim payment
application submitted at end of the month or stated in contract
deduction of retention, advance payment, plant and machinery by
employer, claim dispute and arbitration final payment recommended.
14.4 schedule of payment submitted within 42 days of
commencement and revised estimated submitted quarterly until issue
of taking over certificate.14.6 issue of interim payment certificate
employer received performance security and engineer issue interim
payment certificate within 28 days receive and all supporting
document. Payment certificate not deem to acceptance of work 14.7
payment within 42 days of letter of acceptance and 21 days of
performance security whichever is later. 56 days after receiving
payment certificate from engineer with supporting document. 14.8 if
employer fail to pay contractor within specified time than interest
paid to financing charge according to central bank interest during that
time.14.9 payment of retention 40% eligible after taking over
certificate issue by engineer and balance will be after completion of
defect liability period. 14.10 statement at completion within 84 days
of receiving taking over certificate
7.8.5.20. During contract
7.8.5.20.1. Issue of tender document. NIT (Notice Invite Tender)
7.8.5.20.2. Base date 28 days before submission of tender clause 1.6.
7.8.5.20.3. Tender period submission of tender issue of tender
document.
7.8.5.20.4. Issue of letter of acceptance.
7.8.5.20.5. Issue of performance security within 28 days of LOA 4.2
7.8.5.20.6. commencement date 8.1
7.8.5.20.7. time of completion 8.2
7.8.5.20.8. delay attributable to contractor 8.4
7.8.5.20.9. Test on completion 9.1
7.8.5.20.10. Issue of taking over certificate 10.1
7.8.5.20.11.defect notification period 11.3
7.8.5.20.12.Notification of defect.
7.8.5.20.13.Remedying of defects.
7.8.5.20.14.Issue of the performance certificate 11.9
7.8.5.20.15.Return of the performance security within 21 days of
issue of the performance certificate. 4.2
7.8.5.21. Payment sequence
7.8.5.21.1. Contract price including all taxes and duties except
change in law or legislation 14.1
7.8.5.21.2. Extra items submitted within 28 days of commencement
14.1
7.8.5.21.3. Mobilization Advance payment interest free loan, when
contractor provide Bank guarantee with repay duration

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 plus 28 days additional validity ensure by contractor 14.2
and will be adjusted 25% quarterly excluding retention. If
any time not repay during suspension and termination all
balance amount will be due on contractor.
7.8.5.21.4. Contractor submit to the engineer on monthly or final
payment statement of 6 copy with supporting document
and progress report as per format 14.3
7.8.5.21.5. Payment schedule 14.4 Non schedule items cost
estimation submitted within 42 days of commencement
days.
7.8.5.21.6. Engineer issue interim payment certificate within 28 days
of submission 14.6
7.8.5.21.7. Employer make payment to the contractor within 56 days
of submission for interim payment 14.7
7.8.5.21.8. If delay in payment interest charge by contractor from
payment certification is issue 14.7
7.8.5.21.9. Payment of retention done 50% at time of taking over
certificate issue by engineer and balance will be after last
date of expiry of defect notification period.
7.8.5.21.10. Statement on completion certificate within 84 days of
taking over certificate issue by engineer.
7.8.5.21.11.Contractor submits draft final statement to the engineer
for final payment within 56 days receiving performance
certificate. 14.11
7.8.5.21.12.Engineer verified within 28 days of submission.
7.8.5.21.13.Within 28 days engineer issue final payment certificate
14.13 if all supporting document provided by contractor.
7.8.5.21.14.Within 56 days of final payment certification by engineer
employer makes payment.
7.8.5.21.15.Termination by employer 15,Employer give 14 days’
notice to contractor 15.2, Employer shall entitle any time
the contractor 28 days in advance to contractor.
7.8.5.21.16.Suspension of work and termination by contractor16,
minimum 21 days’ notice to employer against not receive
of payment within 42 days after certification.16.4
employer return performance security.
7.8.5.21.17.Risk and responsibility 17, Indemnities by contractor 17.2,
contractor take care of work till taking over 17.5 industrial
properties rights claim within 28 days of claim otherwise
deem to be waived.
7.8.5.21.18.Insurance of work and contractor equipment and person
and damage to property contractor personnel.
7.8.5.21.19.Force majeure 19 circumstances in war, riot, which can’t
be attributed to any party, 19.2 Notice to force majeure
max 14 day of awareness no obligation on to make
payment to other parties, 19.3 notice for minimise waste
19.4 consequence of extension of time 19.6 optional
termination payment and release if 84 days’ work
prevented notice for 140 days of notice and 7 days for
termination of contract
7.8.5.21.20.Claim dispute and arbitration 20, 20.1 contractor claim
extension payment dispute 28 days after contractor
become aware contractor substance with necessary

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 records review duration max 42 days, 20.2appoinment of
the dispute adjudication board three member one from
each side and other nominated chair portion
remuneration paid by both party equally, 20.3 failure to
agree dispute adjuration board, 20.4 decision by DAB
within 84 days than notice to dissatisfaction given by any
party to other, 20.5 Amicable settlement 56 days 20.6
Arbitration settlement by international arbitrator by
international chamber of commerce
7.8.5.22. Termination by employer 15 and by contractor 16
7.8.5.22.1. Notice to correct 14 days to contractor 15.2.
7.8.5.22.2. Valuation at date of termination. 15.3
7.8.5.22.3. Payment after termination. 15.4 withhold all payment to
contractor
7.8.5.22.4. Employer entitlement to termination 28 days in required
to remove site 15.5
7.8.5.22.5. Contractor entitlement to suspension and termination 21
days’ notice to employer 16.1
7.8.5.23. Claim Dispute and arbitration.
7.8.5.23.1. Commencement date 8.1
7.8.5.23.2. Contractor claim extension of time within 28 days
contractor become aware, contractor substance with
necessary records. Reviewing duration max 42 days.
7.8.5.23.3. Both party appoint DAB dispute adjudication Board) 20.2
consisting of three member one from each party and
other is nominated as chair portion and remuneration will
bear by both the party equally.
7.8.5.23.4. Obtaining decision from DAB within 84 days for review
and 28 days for notice to 20.4 decertification given by
other party.
7.8.5.23.5. Amicable settlement 20.5 friendly settlement 56 days
after receives decertification notice from other party
7.8.5.23.6. Arbitration settle by international arbitrator by
international chamber of commerce by three arbitrator
20.6
7.8.6. Functional responsibility in administering a contract. Salient feather of contract
Project name, contract agreement no, details employer and their authorized
personnel, engineer duty and authority, original contract value, date of tendering
and negotiation, date of original agreement, Date of LOA, date of NTP project
completion period, date of commencement, date of completion, details of
milestone, EMD, defect liabilities period, Security deposit, retention detail, scope of
work, details of all bank guarantee, details of advance payment clause, mode of
recovery of advance payment, performance certificate, performance , bonus in early
completion, liquidity damage, extension of time clause, interim payment certificate,
charges of delay payment, settlement of dispute and arbitration indemnity bond.
7.9. Risk Management it is the process of identifying analysing and drawing up plan to minimize
their effect on the project it may be resource performance and organization
7.9.1. Risk identification Determine which risk may affect project document their
characteristic.
7.9.1.1. Act of god like Flood earthquake land slide.
7.9.1.2. Finical and Economical like inflection fund availability change in tax
structure royalty’s time and cost overrun.

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 7.9.1.3. Political and legal like political motivation union leader shift of political
leadership license and permit.
7.9.1.4. Project scope frequently changes in project scope, no control on extra
work.
7.9.1.5. Design No design responsibility, frequently change in design, unrealistic
specification and design.
7.9.1.6. Physical Labour availability non availability of special equipment unsafe
working condition, fir theft.
7.9.1.7. Contractual- Unrealistic time schedule, conflicting condition of contract
payment problem claim and dispute, delay in possession on site, extra
work.
7.9.1.8. Leadership poor motivation, lake of coordination.
7.9.1.9. Organizational lake of competent person in team, poor quality control,
inability of take corrective action.
7.9.2. Risk analysis. Assess probability of each risk and impact of its happening
7.9.3. Risk planning. Develop a strategy to manage the risk by Advance strategy minimize
strategy and contingency.
7.9.4. Risk responding
7.9.4.1. Elimination tendering high amended in condition on contract mutual
agreed by both.
7.9.4.2. Transfer to designer or consultant or by financial party by Insurance.
7.9.4.3. Differed Activity moved to later date to reduce affect.
7.9.4.4. Retention handling risk by company.
7.9.4.5. Reduction detail design, continuous effort improving housekeeping
training.
7.9.5. Risk Monitoring. Identify new risk assess whether it changes
7.9.6. Decision tree analysis it is a tree nod, each nod represent a choice of alternative,
and each nod leaf represent a classification and decision.
7.9.6.1. Draw the tree major alternative.
7.9.6.2. First decision root nod cost in cord.
7.9.6.3. Change outcome probability in success or failure.
7.9.6.4. Endpoints and payoff net profit at end.
7.9.6.5. Incorporate uncertainty (outcome probability % age of success or
failure mention)
7.9.6.6. Find the expected value EV= %age success X payoff at success +% failure
X pay off at failure.
7.9.6.7. Summary go for final decision for Higher EV.
7.9.7. Risk Management matrix.
7.9.7.1. Identify risk.
7.9.7.2. Assess risk as probability or likelihood (rare, unlikely possible, likely,
almost certain)
7.9.7.3. Assess it (Impact/consequence/severe) –(Negligible, minor, moderate,
major catastrophic)
7.9.7.4. Risk matrix = Probability X impact
7.9.7.5. Risk based control plan (Low, medium, significant, major)
7.10. Project monitoring evaluation and control.
7.10.1. Monitoring: day to day follow up the activity during implementation to measure
progress and identification deviation or systematically collection and analysing the
project process.
7.10.2. Evaluation. Assessment of overall achievement and impact process areas.
7.10.2.1. Project planning it is realistic, adequate resource, budget realistic,
adequate control.

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 7.10.2.2. Project organization, organization structure meet requirement, project
manager have adequate authority, project have suitable staff, key role
have define.
7.10.2.3. Project management process, project management control fund,
maintain adequate project team management.
7.10.2.4. Project accomplishment, costumer happy with project user notified
properly organizational achievement.
7.10.2.5. Project information, Key system can provide key information on the
status of the project which is necessary for the operation of the project
like cost equipment control, schedule authorization system.
7.10.3. Control. Process and activities needed to correct deviation from plan by predict end
result and effective utilization of resource.
7.10.4. Monitoring records.
7.10.4.1. Daily progress report, Plan and the day resource deployment site
condition encounter exactly what achieved.
7.10.4.2. Program and progress. Realistic resource program, actual progress
mention against plan affects particular delays.
7.10.4.3. Report on finance budget.
7.10.4.4. Meeting minute of meeting maintain by action taken by targeted date
and verify by mentioned.
7.10.4.5. Drawing resister issue and received status of each revision of all its
including contractor.
7.10.4.6. Test and inspection Frequency of test result verify and review.
7.10.4.7. Approval taken for plan work method and design and analysis etc.
7.11. Productivity and work study technique Productivity is a measure the output produce by unit
input or it is a ratio to measure how well a organization convert input resource to goods and
service.
7.11.1. Productivity on conceptual model- it is a productivity tree input are mineral and
fertilizer by conversion process leafs and fruits.
7.11.2. Process approach ISO systematic identification of process/ activity employed and the
interaction between these process/activities.
7.11.2.1. Process: any activity or set of activity that used resource to perform
input to output can be considers a process it may not measure.
7.11.2.2. Procedure: a procedure outlines how to perform a process like
purchasing.
7.11.2.3. Work instruction: describe how to perform a work more detail process
like completing a purchase order.
7.11.3. Productivity in construction. = good and service produce / all inputs used to produce
them.
7.11.4. Factor affecting productivity 1. Work complexity 2. Repetition of work 3. Quality
control 4. Equipment or intensive task 5. Supervision 6. Climate and weather
condition. 7. Labour availability 8.role of manager 9. Working method 10.careless
workmanship 11. Safety standards.
7.11.5. Monitoring system and training we get awareness and awareness its gives
motivation, motivation give efficiency, efficiency give production. Knowledge come
from experience and expertise people, Skill come from training and development,
Attitude ability to adopt corporate change resourcefulness and motivation, system to
ensure organization can undertake conversion process efficiently, management skill
ability right calibre competence to efficiently operate and maintain the system.
7.11.6. Input are material, tools, equipment, process, manpower, knowledge, skill, attitude,
management, system, all work in a conversion process to become a output are
improved service reduce cost increase in volume of work.
7.12. Inventory Management

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 7.12.1. ABC analysis (All ways Better Control) value of conception, normal course of
business to control quality time and cost generally based on cost. 10% of items
having 70% cost like cement, steel, bitumen, and 20% of items having 20% cost like
welding electrodes, admixture, false sealing and 70% of items having 10% cost like
spare parts.
7.12.2. HML (High Medium Low) Unit price of material mainly control purchase.
7.12.3. XYZ Value of items in store used in schedule interval.
7.12.4. VED (Vital Essential and Desirable) Critically of component stock level of spare part.
7.12.5. FSN (First moving slow moving Non-moving) consumption paten of component.
7.12.6. SDE (Scarce Difficult and Easy to obtain) problem face on procurement control of
obsolesce.
7.12.7. GOLF (Government Ordinary Local Foreign source) source of material lead time
analysis and purchase strategy.
7.12.8. SOS (Seasonal Off seasonal) Nature of supply procurement and holding strategy of
goods.
7.13. Safety management
7.14. Daily Progress Report
7.15. Monthly progress report
7.15.1. Abbreviation.
7.15.2. Salient features of the project
7.15.3. Physical progress of Highway
7.15.4. Physical progress of Structures
7.15.5. Project corridor and layout plan
7.15.6. Scope of work at a glance
7.15.7. Cost breakup
7.15.8. Status of permission and approval
7.15.9. Status of construction drawings.
7.15.10. Progress strip chart of road works
7.15.11. Progress strip chart of ROB
7.15.12. Progress strip chart of flyovers
7.15.13. Progress strip chart of major bridges
7.15.14. Progress strip chart of minor bridges
7.15.15. Progress strip chart of underpasses
7.15.16. Progress strip chart of slab culverts
7.15.17. Progress strip chart of pipe culverts
7.15.18. Project completion plan
7.15.19. Plan for the month
7.15.20. Achievement with constraint for the month
7.15.21. Financial progress of work
7.15.22. S curve
7.15.23. Organization charts
7.15.24. Quality control tests
7.15.25. List of plant, machinery and QC equipment
7.15.26. Land acquisition status.
7.15.27. Electrical utilities status
7.15.28. Public health line shifting status
7.15.29. Weather report
7.15.30. Quality Maintenance and safety.
7.15.31. Photographs
Quantity Surveying
7.16. Method of measurement
7.16.1. Earthwork in excavation
7.16.2. Concrete

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 7.16.3. Shuttering
7.16.4. Reinforcement
7.16.5.
7.17. Cost Methodology (Policy matter technical (70/2010) dated 08.12.2010
7.17.1. Rate analysis assumption.
7.17.1.1. Base rate of material labour and cartage taken from schedule of rate for
NH work, escalation of 5% per annum taken if applicable or labour
minimum wages for particular state district consider.
7.17.1.2. Leads of different construction material calculated material
investigation location of borrow area for earth, quarry, sand, and
aggregate.
7.17.1.3. Leads of bitumen, steel and cement based on nearest refinery for
bitumen and cement and steel and Hume pipe from nearest city.
7.17.1.4. Current rate of bitumen, steel, cement, Hume pipe from website by
adding excise duty of 14.42% and CST/VAT if applicable and cartage
charge add to arrive current rate of bitumen.
7.17.1.5. The format for working out bill of quantity from Standard data book. If
machinery rate taken from SOR if applicable 5% escalation added and
same may be compare with market rate of hiring charges and POL
applicable to project location.
7.17.1.6. For GSB mixed at place method used.
7.17.1.7. Contingency charges proposed by Standard data book continue as they
are sound investigation considering practical considering by ministry.
7.17.2. Cost Estimation.
7.17.2.1. Site clearing and dismasting bill including removing root of tree girth
more than 300mm, clearing and grubbing full width of ROW also
dismasting existing pavement structures details taken from site
inventory and existing crust and rebate to salvage value considered.
7.17.2.2. Road work for Flexible and Rigid pavement earthwork quantity
calculated from typical cross section and pavement layer from thickness
from IRC-37 and IRC-58 cut fill quantity from Mx output file and length
of structure deducted. It is assumed that 50-70% of excavated quantity
is reused as embankment and 30-50% unsuitable. Hard rock available
than 10% consider as hard rock and salvage value consider and 90% as
soil. Fly ash is used if fly ash is available within 100Km. Quantity of fly
ash used in RE wall deducted from Embankment quantity. A median
opening provided in every 5KM interval.
7.17.2.3. Culvert additional 12mm dia. culvert at every junction.
7.17.2.4. Bridge as per design and drawing.
7.17.2.5. Drainage and protection work having 3m height embankment metal
beam crash barrier and more than 6m embankment chute drain
provided.
7.17.2.6. Weight of steel truss 2.5ton/no. for 4 lane and 1.5ton/no for cantilever
truss.
7.17.2.7. Electric pole @ 30m c/c.
7.17.2.8. Assume that 3-5% road covered under pothole.
7.17.3. Cost analysis
7.17.3.1. Incidental (Contingency)
7.17.3.2. Administration
7.17.3.2.1. Bank guarantee
7.17.3.2.2. Interest
7.17.3.2.3. Provident fund
7.17.3.2.4. Labour license

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 7.17.3.2.5. Design consultant
7.17.3.2.6. Taxes
7.17.3.2.7. Applicable permits
7.17.3.3. Rate analysis
7.17.3.3.1. Indirect
7.17.3.3.1.1. Fixed expenses
7.17.3.3.1.1.1. Site establishment
7.17.3.3.1.1.2. Installation
7.17.3.3.1.1.3. Mobilization cost
7.17.3.3.1.1.4. Other
7.17.3.3.1.2. Running expenses
7.17.3.3.1.2.1. Site overhead
7.17.3.3.1.2.2. Corporate overhead
7.17.3.3.1.2.3. Fixed worker for MISC work
7.17.3.3.1.2.4. Indirect plant and equipment
7.17.3.3.1.2.5. Incidence expenses
7.17.3.3.2. Direct
7.17.3.3.2.1. Material
7.17.3.3.2.1.1. Direct
7.17.3.3.2.1.2. Indirect
7.17.3.3.2.2. Plant and equipment
7.17.3.3.2.2.1. Own
7.17.3.3.2.2.2. Hire
7.17.3.3.2.2.3. Fule
7.17.3.3.2.2.4. Repair
7.17.3.3.2.3. Labour
7.17.3.3.2.3.1. PRW
7.17.3.3.2.3.2. Departmental
7.17.3.3.2.3.3. MISC house keeping
7.17.4. Total Project cost
7.17.4.1. Generally taken 25% of civil cost.
7.17.4.2. Interest on Debt component 12-14% of TPC, up to 180 days 10%,180-
400 days 20%,400-650 days 30% and 650 to 910 days 40% total 100%.
7.17.4.3. Escalation during construction 5% per annum.
7.17.4.4. Financing cost 2% of TPC.
7.17.4.5. IC/IE cost 1% of TPC.
7.18. Working cost
7.18.1. Material cost
7.18.1.1. Actual job mixed formula material quantity including permissible
wastage.
7.18.1.2. Its include loading unloading and storing stacking.
7.18.1.3. Cement Rs 5100/MT
7.18.1.4. Steel TMT Rs 48125/MT
7.18.1.5. Bitumen VG -30 RS 49967/MT
7.18.1.6. Structural steel Rs 44072/MT
7.18.1.7. HT strand Rs 55011/MT
7.18.1.8. Lime Rs 9454/MT
7.18.1.9. Thermoplastic paint RS 51000/MT
7.18.1.10. Admixture superplast Rs.290.81/Kg and Hindplast 93.13/kg
7.18.1.11. Diesel 63.47/Liter
7.18.1.12. RS-1 Emulsion Rs 38808/MT
7.18.1.13. SS-1 cutback Rs 42012/MT
7.18.1.14. CRMB RS 49225/MT

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 7.18.1.15. Paint oil base Rs 124/litre thinner Rs 79.5/litre
7.18.1.16. Expansion joint Rs 4046/Rmt
7.18.1.17. Elastomeric Bearing Rs 0.06/cc
7.18.1.18. Sand Rs 250/Cum
7.18.1.19. Aggregate 40mm Rs 1083/Cum
7.18.1.20. Aggregate 20mm Rs 1140/Cum
7.18.1.21. Aggregate 10mm Rs 1030/cum
7.18.1.22. Stone dust Rs 589/cum
7.18.1.23. Soil sand Royalty 27.44/cum State of Odisha Rs 20 at chattisgarh
7.18.1.24. Aggregate Royalty 98.78/cum State of Odisha Rs 131.2 at Chattisgarh
7.18.2. Machinery Cost
7.18.2.1. Generally 70% of manufacture output given on ideal condition of
finished compacted quantity.
7.18.2.2. Owner ship charges cost of repair and maintenance including, tyre
running operation, including screw member oil and lubricant cost.
7.18.2.3. Maintenance cost % Hire cost % diesel cost % mobile cost %
7.18.2.4. Equipment considered effective output of 6 hours in 8 hours shift.
7.18.2.5. Mixed traffic and traffic jam in urban 10-15% less working times
considered.
7.18.2.6. To match between HMP plant and roller generally roller will be
factories by 0.65to their ideal period.
7.18.2.7. Major equipment cost of plant heir cost fuel cost maintenance cost
output
7.18.2.8. Excavator
7.18.2.9. Grader
7.18.2.10. Roller, Vibratory, tandem, Pneumatic
7.18.2.11. Dozzer
7.18.2.12. loader
7.18.2.13. Wet mix plant
7.18.2.14. HOT mixed plant
7.18.2.15. Transit mixture
7.18.2.16. Boom placer
7.18.2.17. Trailer
7.18.2.18. Dumper
7.18.2.19. Low based trailer
7.18.3. Manpower cost
7.18.3.1. Labour wages fixed by the state/ central government.
7.18.3.2. From Chief labour commissioner Delhi ministry of labour and
employment.
7.18.3.3. For year 01.04.2014 onwards Unskilled -329,273,220 as class A,B,C
city.
7.18.3.4. Semiskilled -363,309,256.
7.18.3.5. Skilled 400,363,309.
7.18.3.6. High skilled 435,400,363.
7.18.3.7. Major Manpower with output.
7.18.3.8. Excavation output
7.18.3.9. Steel cutting bending binding output
7.18.3.10. Concrete pouring output
7.18.3.11. Shuttering output
7.18.3.12. Staging output
7.18.3.13. RE wall erection strap fixing
7.18.3.14. Fabrication
7.18.3.15. Painting

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 7.18.3.16. Embankment subgrade laying
7.18.3.17. GSB and WMM laying
7.18.3.18. DBM BC laying
7.18.3.19. Kerb laying
7.18.4. Overhead Cost
7.18.4.1. For Major bridges and state of art 20%, Minor bridges 25% and
Rehabilitation 30%
7.18.4.2. up to 50 crore project 10% and above 50 crore. project cost 8%.
7.18.4.3. Site accommodation, electricity, access road, water supply.
7.18.4.4. Office furniture, stationary, communication, corporate office, as built
drawing.
7.18.4.5. Mobilization and demobilization of resource,
7.18.4.6. Labor camp with amenities and transportation to site.
7.18.4.7. Laboratory and testing equipment for controlling.
7.18.4.8. Survey equipment Tool and plant and layout.
7.18.4.9. Watch and wards.
7.18.4.10. Traffic management during construction.
7.18.4.11. Financing charges and insurance work compensation.
7.18.4.12. Sale turnover taxes.
7.18.4.13. Sundries cater unforeseen event contingency.
7.18.5. Profit 10% of total cost of work.
7.18.6. Schedule of Rate chattisgarh 2015
7.18.6.1. Carrying and supplying of material Section-1
7.18.6.1.1. Loading and transportation up to 1Km -92/cum
7.18.6.1.2. 1Km to 10Km -4/cum/Km
7.18.6.1.3. 10 Km to 20 Km -3/cum/Km
7.18.6.1.4. 20Km to 50 Km – 2.8/cum/Km
7.18.6.1.5. 50Km above -2.6/cum/Km
7.18.6.1.6. Stone 15% above rate, sand 10% below rate
7.18.6.1.7. Boulder stock less 35% soil-15%
7.18.6.2. Site clearance section-2
7.18.6.2.1. Tree cutting girth 300-600mm -197/No.
7.18.6.2.2. 600-900 – 353/No.
7.18.6.2.3. 900-1800-684/No.
7.18.6.2.4. 1800 above -1295/No.
7.18.6.2.5. Grass removing -13438/Ha
7.18.6.2.6. Clearing and grubbing – 40680/Ha light forest and
54484/ha for thorny forest
7.18.6.2.7. Dismantling concrete M15-348/cum, RCC, PSC -908,
7.18.6.2.8. Dismantling stone masonry and brick -240/cum
7.18.6.2.9. Flexible pavement -542/cum, GSB -390/cum,
PQC-1104/cum
7.18.6.2.10.Hume pipe below 1000-400/meter, above
1000-531/Meter
7.18.6.2.11. 5th Km stone-291/No, Ordinary km stone-171/No,
Hectometer -34/No.
7.18.6.2.12. Dismantling barbed wire 38/Rmt CI water pipe line
95/rmt.
7.18.6.3. Earthwork section-3
7.18.6.3.1. Earthwork excavation lead up to 1000-95/cum
7.18.6.3.2. Ordinary roack-192/cum
7.18.6.3.3. Hard rock required blasting -226/cum Rock breaker
-294/cum, control blasting-336/cum,

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 7.18.6.3.4. Scarifying bituminous surface-720/cum, Granular surface-
360/cum.
7.18.6.3.5. Embankment borrow area material -223/cum. Subgrade -
250/cum.
7.18.6.3.6. Loosing and recompaction500mm-50/cum, spreading
nearby material-30/cum, Loosing compaction
150mm-28/cum.
7.18.6.3.7. Removal of unserviceable soil-85/cum, Fly ash
embankment-495/cum,
7.18.6.3.8. Excavation line drain -110/cum, Ordinary rock-225/cum.
7.18.6.4. Sub base, base Non bituminous Section-4
7.18.6.4.1. Sub base plant mix –Grade-III-1423, IV-1458, V-1372, VI-
1363/cum.
7.18.6.4.2. Soil stabilization-329/cum with rotavator and 3% lime , sub
base-488, base-689/cum
7.18.6.4.3. Soil stabilization with cement and Fly ash sub base 1688,
Base 1500/cum.
7.18.6.4.4. Marking 50mm X 50mm furrows on bituminous layer
-8/sqm,
7.18.6.4.5. Wet mixed macadam 1434/cum.
7.18.6.4.6. Median back fill-175/cum, shoulder -291/cum, selected
material-257/cum.
7.18.6.4.7. Precast interlocking block with sand bed of 50mm, 60mm-
497/sqm, 80mm-590/sqm. Pigmented 60mm-647/sqm,
80mm-732/sqm.
7.18.6.4.8. Guard stone 431/Nos with size 200x200x900 M-20 and pit
of 400X400X400
7.18.6.5. Base and surfacing section-5
7.18.6.5.1. Prime coat 0.85kg per sqm.- 64/sqm. Soil stabilized
1.05kg/sqm-79/sqm.
7.18.6.5.2. Tack coat 0.25kg/sqm-15sqm.
7.18.6.5.3. BM grade –I 40mm size aggregate -3.3% bitumen
-6210/cum, Grade –II 19mm agg. 3.4% bitumen
-6448/cum.
7.18.6.5.4. DBM grade –I 37.5mm size aggregate -4% bitumen
-7488/cum, Grade –II 26.5mm agg. 5.0% bitumen
-8148/cum.
7.18.6.5.5. BC grade –I 19mm size aggregate -5.5% bitumen
-9549/cum, Grade –II 13.2mm agg. 6.0% bitumen
-10092/cum. If CRMB used add 200/cum additional
7.18.6.5.6. Mastic asphalt 13.2 mm aggregate 25mm-511/sqm, 9.5mm
aggregate 12mm297/sqm,
7.18.6.5.7. Crack prevention course SAM 6mm aggregate 0.11cum per
10sqm aggregate with 0.9kg tack coat 59/sqm, SAM 6-
9mm aggregate 0.12cum per 10sqm aggregate with 1.1kg
tack coat 75/sqm, SAM9mm aggregate 0.12cum per 10sqm
aggregate with 1.5kg tack coat 100/sqm
7.18.6.5.8. Micro surfacing Type-II/Type-III, aggregate 9.0Kg/12Kg,
Tack coat 13.5% /13% of aggregate, additive 2%/2% of
aggregate, water 12%/12% of aggregate , filler 2%/2% of
aggregate cost is (181/215/sqm.)
7.18.6.5.9. PCC 3.1% bitumen -5601/cum.

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 7.18.6.5.10. SDBC 4.5% binder 13mm grade-I-8072/cum, 5%
binder 10mm grade-II-8715, CRMB used add 150-cum.
7.18.6.5.11. Recycle material 30% old material, 70% fresh material
and 60% of Mix bitumen BM grade –I 3.3% binder 40mm
agg 6057/cum, grade –II 3.4% binder 19mm agg 6251/cum.
DBM 4% binder 37.5 aggregate grade-I-7182/cum, 4.5%
bitumen 26.5 aggregate size -7892/cum.
7.18.6.6. Cement concrete pavement section –6
7.18.6.6.1. DLC 150kg/cum of cement -2332/cum,
7.18.6.6.2. PQC-M-40, 400kg/cum cement-4926/cum, PQC m-30, 375
kg/cum cement -4750/cum if fly ash used not more than
15% of cement 4799/cum.
7.18.6.7. Geosynthtics section-7
7.18.6.8. Traffic sign and road marking section-8
7.18.6.9. Pipe culvert Section-9
7.18.6.10. Maintenance Section -10
7.18.6.11. Horticulture Section -11
7.18.6.12. Arboriculture and road beautification section-12
7.18.6.13. Foundation
7.18.6.14. Substructure
7.18.6.15. Superstructure
7.18.6.16. River training work
7.18.6.17. Repair and rehabilitation
7.18.6.18.
7.18.7. Subcontractor cost
7.18.7.1. Income tax 1% for entrepreneur and 2% for private limited company
with 2% higher and education and 1% education cess as applicable.
7.18.7.2. Transportation
7.18.7.3. Boulder production
7.18.7.4. Crushing of aggregate
7.18.7.5. WMM production
7.18.7.6. GSM mixing
7.18.7.7. Hot mix production
7.18.7.8. Spreading grading and rolling of soil WMM and GSB Hot mixed
7.18.7.9. Thermoplastic paint
7.18.7.10. Sinage
7.18.7.11. Fabrication of steel
7.18.7.12. Painting
7.18.7.13. Staging
7.18.7.14. Shuttering
7.18.7.15. Steel bending binding and placing
7.18.7.16. Pile boring
7.18.7.17. Concrete poring
7.18.7.18. Excavation
7.18.7.19. Embankment
7.18.7.20. Subgrade
7.18.7.21. GSB
7.18.7.22. WMM
7.18.7.23. Kerb laying
7.18.7.24. DBM
7.18.7.25. BC
7.18.7.26. SDBC
7.18.7.27. Sub structure

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 7.18.7.28. Superstructure
7.18.7.29. Stressing
7.18.7.30. Box pushing
7.18.7.31. RE wall
7.18.7.32. Girder launching and shifting
7.18.8. Diesel consumption norms activity
7.18.8.1. Transportation including excavation loading unloading or for
aggregate excluding excavation. Also per cum per km 0.31Litre.
7.18.8.2. Rolling and grading per cum 0.42 lit for soil and for GSB 0.54litre and
WMM0.5 litre
7.18.8.3. Batching plant and WMM plant production per cum 0.95 litre.
7.18.8.4. Hot mixed plant production per MT 7.5 litre and rolling laying 0.45
litres for DBM and 0.625 for BC and SDBC.
7.18.8.5. Wet mixed plant production per cum
7.18.8.6. Soil excavation and loading per cum 0.23 Liter
7.18.8.7. GSB mixing per cum 0.5 liter
7.18.8.8. Kerb per Rmt. 0.07 liter only lying.
7.18.8.9. Concrete transportation per cum-KM of 8Km lead 1.15
7.18.8.10. Concrete pouring by boom placer per cum 0.62 liter.
7.18.8.11. Aggregate production per MT 0.7 liter
7.18.8.12. Boulder Extraction per 0.4 MT per liter.
7.18.8.13. Diesel generator
7.19. Client Billing and subcontractor billing
7.19.1. Payment schedule
7.19.2. Scope of work
7.19.3. Extra items or change of scope
7.19.4. Schedule of rate for extra items
7.19.5. Mobilization advance and its recovery
7.19.6. Price adjustment (labour, cement , steel, bitumen, diesel, Plant and machinery,
material, with 0.85 time of cost increase or decrease with cost indices as per
economic advisory of India )
7.19.7. Change in law if applicable
7.19.8. Taxes (Work compensation tax 2.0% , Income tax 2.0% labour cess 1.0%)
7.19.9. Royalty (sand soil Murom and aggregate as per state minor mineral department)
7.19.10.Invoice of (cement steel bitumen emulsion with manufacture test certificate)
7.19.11.Mix deign of material for quantification
7.19.12.Retention money 5% of total project cost refunded after completion of project
7.19.13.Applicable permit so that bill can be raised
7.19.14.All approval drawing method of statement, mix site work doen with RFI source
approval material approval
7.19.15.Measurement sheet and approved request for inspection.
7.19.16.Bank gurantee for performance, mobilization advance and release of retention
money.
7.19.17.Defect liability period
7.19.18.Liquidity damage as damage govern by client or contractor
7.20. Taxation and duty
7.20.1. Initial expenses or establishment cost - 2.00% of TPC
7.20.2. Overheads -6.00% of TPC
7.20.3. Insurance CAR-0.150% of TPC
7.20.4. WCT Work Contract tax-2% with LDC lower deduction certificate) 4.00% of TPC
7.20.5. Water & Electricity-0.50% of TPC
7.20.6. Labour Cess -1.00% of TPC

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 7.20.7. TDS (Income Tax) -2.00% of TPC (Gross +Service Tax 2% for education and 1 % for
Higher Education cess) 1% for entrepreneur (Gross-Retention)
7.20.8. Consultant Fee -1.00% of TPC
7.20.9. Quality control and survey – 1.00% of TPC
7.20.10. Contingency - 3.00% of TPC
7.20.11. Retention - 5% of TPC
7.20.12. Performance Bank Guarantee-3-5% of TPC
7.20.13. Expenditure cost to sale cost variation is 35% additional ( it cover Profit 10% Over
head and 8%, Labour cess 1%, WCT 4% TDS and education cess 2.36% Finance
0.6%, Insurance and CAR policy 0.4% total 26% and on sale 35%, .
7.20.14. Mobilization advance 10% of TPC
7.20.15. Royalty
7.20.16. Soil sand Murom- Rs 27.44 increase 40% at four year interval at Orissa base year
September 2013
7.20.17. Aggregate- Rs 98.78 increase 40% at four year interval at Orissa base year
September 2013
7.20.18. Excise duty- 14 % (+2% education cess+1% higher education) cess of material
7.20.19. Service tax- 12.36 % work done
7.20.20. VAT (Material)- 5.0% depends on state to state
7.20.21. CST central sale tax-2% with C form and 4% without C form by other state instead
VAT
7.21. Reconciliation
7.21.1. Permissible wastage Bill quantity plus non billable quantity minus plant production
or issued quantity.
7.21.2. Concrete 2%
7.21.3. Steel 3% (Invisible 1% and scrap 2%)
7.21.4. Aggregate 5-7% for road pavement and 2% for concrete work
7.21.5. Concrete sand 5%
7.21.6. Bitumen (0.5-1)% saving
7.21.7. Earthwork 7.5%
7.21.8. Cement (0.5-1)% saving
7.22. Escalation

NHAI Policy matter technical (122/2013) dated 17.01.2013

Component Earthwork, Bitumi Cement Culvert and Major

Granular and nous concrete Minor Bridges and
Other Work Pavement Bridges Structures

Labour (PL) 20% 20% 20% 15% 15%

Cement (PC) 5% - 20% 15% 15%

Steel (PS) - - - 15% 20%

Bitumen (PB) - 15% - - -

Fuel and 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%

Lubricant (PF)

Other 50% 40% 35% 30% 25%

Material (PO)

Plant and 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%

Machinery
spare (PA)
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Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

7.22.1. L0-Price Index for labour- Source from Labour Bureau. Government of INDIA
Published in internet www.labourbureau.nic.in
7.22.2. A0-Price Index for Heavy Machinery and Parts-Source Ministry of Commerce
&Industry Published in internet www.eaindustry.com.
7.22.3. F0-Retail Price for High Speed Diesel-Source Indian Oil Corporation web site WWW.
Indian oil Corporation. Com for Chennai city.
7.22.4. B0-Retail Price for Bitumen -Letter obtained from Indian Oil Corporation Limited,
Chennai Divisional Office.
7.22.5. C0-Price Index for Cement-Source Ministry of Commerce &Industry Published in
internet www.eaindustry.com.
7.22.6. S0-Price Index for Bars & Rods-Source Ministry of Commerce &Industry Published in
internet www.eaindustry.com.
7.22.7. M0-Price Index for All commodities-Source Ministry of Commerce &Industry
Published in internet www.eaindustry.com.
7.22.8. WPI-Whole sale price Index for all corresponding indices, L0, A0, F0, B0,C0, S0 and
M0 corresponding indices at 28 days before bid date. Percentage of corresponding
calculated based on actual percentage consumed for the month.
7.23. Permits and approval
7.23.1. Permission of state Govt. for extraction of boulder governor and revenue divisional
commissioner.
7.23.2. Permission from village Panchyat village.
7.23.3. Pollution control board for installation of crusher government agency NOC form
collector sitting criteria certificate.
7.23.4. License for using Explosive Ministry of commerce and industry petroleum and
explosive safety organization.
7.23.5. Permission of the state Gov. for drawing water from river/ reservoir from Irrigation
department.
7.23.6. License from Inspector of factories or other competent authority for setting up
Batching Plant from district industrial centre.
7.23.7. Clearance from Pollution control Board for setting up batching plant from state
pollution control board
7.23.8. Clearance from pollution board for Stone, Chips, and Dust from state pollution
control board.
7.23.9. Clearance from pollution board for hot mix plant from state pollution control board.
7.23.10. Clearance from pollution board for Ready mix plant from state pollution control
board.
7.23.11. Clearance from pollution board for heavy earth moving equipment from state
pollution control board.
7.23.12. Clearance from Village panchyat for Hot mixed plant village panchyat.
7.23.13. Permission from village panchyat and state government for Borrow earth tahisldar
and panchyat.
7.23.14. Permission of state government for cutting of tree from Divisional forest officer.
7.23.15. Labour license from labour license officer or labour commissioner.
7.23.16. Provident fund registration.
7.23.17. ESI Employment state Insurance Corporation.
7.23.18. Explosive license for diesel storage from Minister of commerce and industry
petroleum and explosive safety organization.
7.23.19. DG operation license from state electric city board.
7.24. Cross section generation (Road Estimator)
7.24.1. Import original ground level in .csv format of excel file in chainage, offset, RL,
remarks, format and process to view existing C/S

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 7.24.2. Import FRL and camber and offset from centerline .csv format in excel file or copy
paste in that location.
7.24.3. Define template than Template create configure horizontal width slope side slope
median width pavement width earthen shoulder width process to view C/S.
7.24.4. Design layer BC DBM WMM GSB SG layer thickness with offset projection assign to
C/S and process C/S
7.24.5. Cross section setting display setting OGL layer FRL layer with offset by configure cross
section display setting than process C/S.
7.24.6. Dynamic table area table display for report generation and view at cross section.
7.24.7. Template approach insert project drawing template in .dxf format of AutoCAD
7.24.8. Auto print save project to auto print.
7.25. Cross section generation (Cal quan)
7.25.1. Import original ground level in .csv format of excel file in chainage offset RL remarks
format.
7.25.2. Give Names to Different Levels and change the color as per the requirement deign
layer like BC DBM.
7.25.3. Define Constant and Variables constant value like carriage way width side slope
variable like camber, FRL.
7.25.4. Import Add Variable Data that is .csv format as per your name specified in variable
list.
7.25.5. Define Types of cross section.
7.25.6. Define Points for all the defined types.
7.25.7. Define Line
7.25.8. Lines Sequential.
7.25.9. Define Condition
7.25.10. Assign Type to Evaluate
7.25.11. Correlated Condition
7.25.12. Evaluation of Condition
7.25.13. Build Section
7.25.14. Define Area
7.25.15. Define Loop Area
7.25.16. Area Calculation
7.25.17. Area Loop
7.25.18. Cross section setting display setting area table, template,
7.25.19. Report generation area volume in .xls format.
7.26. xxxx

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