VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT REPORT
TOPIC: USING TRIPLE INTEGRAL IN
CALCULATING ELECTRIC FIELDS

Instructor: Nguyễn Quốc Lân

Group 4 – Class CC10
 Group information
Group No: 4 Class: CC10 Completion Day: Friday 26th May 2023
Semester: HK222
Full name Student ID Task Rate
Nguyễn Trịnh Tiến Đạt 2252147 Do theory + exercises Good
Đinh Nguyễn Thanh Trúc 2252861 Edit video Good
Nguyễn Lê Minh Khôi 2252374 Make PowerPoint Fair
Trần Nguyễn Vũ Hoàng 2252236 Do report Fair
Nguyễn Trung Hiếu 2153344 Do report Fair

Table of contents
I. Definition
II. General
III. Basic Theory
IV. Exercise
 I. Definition
- The triple integral (also called the three-dimensional definite integral or volume

integral) ∭𝐷 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝑉 is an extension of the usual integral to three -

dimensions.
- The definition of a triple integral is very similar to the double integral. A three -
variable function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) over a three - dimensional domain V can be written as:

∫𝑉 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝑉 = ∭𝑉 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧

II. General
- Dividing an object's area into small electrically charged particles 𝑑𝑞 This division
depends on the shape of the charged object.
- Consider any small element of charge 𝑑𝑞, find the electric field strength 𝑑𝐸⃗ ;
electric 𝑑𝑉 caused by that q element at the point where the electric field or voltage
is needed.
- Integrating the entire object, we will find the electric field strength or potential due
to the entire charged object causing the point under consideration.

III. Basic Theory

1. The formula for determining the electric field strength due to charge 𝑑𝑞 at point
M a distance r away from it:
𝑘𝑑𝑞
𝑑𝐸⃗ = 2 ⃗⃗⃗
𝑟0 (1)
𝑟

With ⃗⃗⃗
𝑟0 is the unit vector in the direction of 𝑟; 𝑟 has its origin at 𝑑𝑞, tops at M.

2. The formula for determining the electric potential due to charge 𝑑𝑞 at a point M
a distance 𝑟 from it:
𝑘𝑑𝑞
𝑑𝑉 = (2)
𝑟

3. The relationship between electric field strength and potential gradient:

𝑑𝑉
𝐸=− (3)
𝑑𝑟
Noted:
1
𝑘= = 9. 109 𝑁𝑚2 /𝐶 2
4𝜋𝜀0

4. Density
Length Density 𝜆 Area Density 𝜎 Volume Density 𝜌
𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑞
𝜆= 𝜎= 𝜌=
𝑑𝑙 𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑞 is the charge 𝑑𝑞 is the charge 𝑑𝑞 is the charge
contained in the 𝑑𝑙. contained in the 𝑑𝑆 contained in the 𝑑𝑉.

In electromagnetism, Maxwell’s equations can be written using multiple integrals

to calculate the total magnetic and electric fields. In the following example, the
electric field produced by distribution of charges given by the volume charge
density 𝜌( 𝑟 ) is obtained by a triple integral of a vector function:
1 𝑟 − 𝑟′
𝐸⃗ = ∭ 𝜌(⃗⃗𝑟 ′ ) 𝑑3 𝑟′
4𝜋𝜀0 ‖𝑟 − 𝑟′‖

5. Electric Potential Due to Continuous Charge Distributions:

Electric Potential at M due to a point charge q
𝑞 𝐽
𝑉 =𝑘 +𝐶 1𝑉 = 1
𝑟 𝐶
 𝑉(∞) = 0 ⇒ 𝐶 = 0
𝑑𝑞
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 → 𝑑𝑞 → 𝑑𝑉 = 𝑘
𝑟

𝑑𝑞
𝑉(𝑀) = ∫ 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ 𝑘
𝑟
(𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡) (𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡)

6. Relationship between E and V

Work done by electric force = decrease in the potential energy
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑞0 . 𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑠
𝑑𝑊 = 𝐹 . 𝑑𝑠 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −𝑑𝑈
𝑈
𝑉=
𝑞0
𝑑𝑈
𝑑𝑉 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −𝐸𝑠 . 𝑑𝑠
= −𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑠
𝑞0
𝑑𝑉 𝑁 𝑉
𝐸𝑠 = − 1 =1
𝑑𝑠 𝐶 𝑀
𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑉
𝐸𝑥 = − ; 𝐸𝑦 = − ; 𝐸𝑧 = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = − (𝜕𝑉 ⃗⃗⃗

𝐸⃗ = −𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑉
𝜕𝑉
𝑒𝑥 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜕𝑉
𝑒𝑦 + 𝑒⃗⃗⃗𝑧 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑉
𝐸⃗ = −𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑
IV. Exercise
1.
 Solutions:
Surface charge density: 𝜎:
1 𝑞
𝐸⃗ (𝑃) = ∑𝑁 𝑖
𝑖=1 (𝑟 2 ) 𝑟̂
4𝜋𝜀0

Surface: 𝑞 = 𝜎. 𝑆 ⇒ 𝑑𝑞 = 𝜎. 𝑑𝑆
1 𝜎.𝑑𝑆
𝐸⃗ (𝑃) = ∫𝑆 𝑟̂ (1)
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟2

We have: 𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑟 2
Using the symmetry of the disk, we have:
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑡 (∑ 𝐸⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑖 (𝑃)) ⇈ 𝑂𝑧

𝑧
⇒ (𝐸⃗ (𝑃), ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑡 ) = cos 𝜃 = 1
(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 )2

1 𝜎.𝑑𝑆.cos 𝜃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(1) ⇒ |𝐸 𝑛𝑒𝑡 | = ∫𝑆
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟2

𝜎 𝑧.𝑑𝑆
= . ∫𝑆 3 (2)
4𝜋𝜀
(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 )2

𝑥 = 𝑟 ′ . cos 𝜑
Polar: { ′ ⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟′2
𝑦 = 𝑟 . sin 𝜑
𝜎 𝑧.𝑑𝑆.𝑟′
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(2) ⇔ |𝐸 𝑛𝑒𝑡 | = ∫𝑆 3
4𝜋𝜀0 2
(𝑟 ′ +𝑧 2 )2
𝜎 𝑅 2𝜋 𝑧.𝑟′
= ∫0 ∫0 3 𝑑𝑟′
4𝜋𝜀0 2
(𝑟 ′ +𝑧 2 )2

𝜎2𝜋 𝑅𝑧 2𝑟 ′
= ∫ 𝑑𝜑 . ∫ . 3 𝑑𝑟 ′
4𝜋𝜀0 0 0 2 2
(𝑟 ′ +𝑧 2 )2

−1
𝜎 𝑧 ′2 𝑅
= . 2𝜋 [−2. (𝑟 + 𝑧2) 2 ]|
4𝜋𝜀0 2 0
−1 −1
𝜎𝑧
= [−(𝑅2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2 + (𝑧 2 ) 2 ]
2𝜀0
𝜎𝑧 1 1
= [ − ]
2𝜀0 𝑧 √𝑅 2 +𝑧 2
 2. Obtaining the Value of the Electric Field from the Electric Potential
Over a certain region of space, the electric potential is
𝑉 = 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑧 2.
(a) Find the expressions for the x, y, and z components of the electric field over the
region.
(b) What is the magnitude of the field at the point P that has coordinates (1.00, 0, -
2.00) m?

Solutions
The partial derivative is also used in calculating electric field when the electric
potential is given:
𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
a) 𝐸⃗ = ( 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘 ⃗)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑍

⃗]
= [(5 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑖 + (−3𝑥 2 + 2𝑧 2 )𝑗 + (4𝑦𝑧)𝑘
b) At (1, 0, -2)
⃗]
𝐸⃗ = [(5 − 0)𝑖 + (−3 + 8)𝑗 + (0)𝑘
= −5𝑖 − 5𝑗
|𝐸⃗ | = √52 + 52 = √50

343
3. In an electric field the potential at a point is given by the following relation 𝑉 =
𝑟

where r is distance from the origin. The electric field at 𝑟 = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂

Solutions
𝑉
𝐸⃗ = ∙ 𝑟̂
𝑟
 𝑉 𝑟
= ∙
𝑟 𝑟
𝑉
= 2∙𝑟
|𝑟|
343 3𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 6𝑘
= ∙
|𝑟|2 |𝑟|
343 3𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 6𝑘
= ∙
72 7
= 3𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 6𝑘