Exercises in GCSE

Mathematics
Intermediate level
Robert Joinson

Sumbooks
Sum books Chester CH4 8BB

Exercises in GCSE Mathematics-Intermediate level

First Published 1997

Reprinted 1998
Computer edition 2000

Copyright R Joinson and Sum books

This package of worksheets is sold subject to the condition

that it is used for educational purposes only on
the premises of the purchaser.

ISBN 0 9531626 0 5
 Preface
This book covers the GCSE syllabi to be examined for the
first time in 1998. It was written with year 11 pupils in mind but
can be used in year 10 for those pupils intending to do the higher
papers at the end of year 11.
Some areas have more questions than are needed for some
pupils. Exercises on pages 1, 4, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 40,
41, 42 and 43 contain lots of questions and are aimed at pupils
requiring a great deal of practice. However the questions are
graded and it might only be necessary for some students to do the
first column and then each row when they begin to have problems.
In general questions in the same row tend to be of the same
difficulty, whereas the difficulty increases down the page.
All graphs can be accommodated on A4 size graph paper used
in 'portrait' mode. The answers to the questions on reflections,
rotations, translations and enlargements can be drawn within the
size of graph paper indicated in the question.
I would like to thank my wife Jenny and my daughters
Abigail and Hannah for all the help and encouragement they have
given me in writing this.

R Joinson September 1997

Chester
.
 Contents
Topic Page
Multiplication and division 1
Negative numbers 2
Use of the calculator 3
Estimation 4
Fractions, Decimals and Percentages 5
Interest 7
Scale Drawings and ratio 8
Standard Form 9
Prime factors 10
Numbers Patterns and sequences 11
Distance-time graphs 13
Conversion graphs 15
Sketching and recognising graphs 17
Plotting graphs 19
Substitution 21
Simplifying expressions 22
Indices 23
Multiplying brackets 24
Factorising 25
Equations 26
Straight lines and simultaneous equations 28
Trial and improvement 29
Inequalities 30
Inequalities-Graphs 31
Rearranging formulae 32
Bearings 33
Parallel lines 34
Nets and isometric drawing 35
Triangles 36
Regular polygons 37
Irregular polygons 38
Pythagoras 39
Trignometry 40
Reflections, Rotations and Translations 44
Enlargements 48
Similar shapes 50
Locus problems 51
Degree of accuracy 53
Circumferance of a circle 54
Area and Perimeter 55
Volume 56
Compound measure 57
Formulae for area, perimeter and volume 59
Questionnaires 61
Pie Charts 62
Frequency polygons 63
Mean, median, mode and range 65
Mean 66
Frequency distribution 69
Histograms 70
Cumulative frequency 71
Scatter diagrams 73
Probability 75
Tree diagrams 78
Relative frequency 79
Constructions 81
Simultaneous Equations 82
Using Simple Equations 83
Using Quadratic Equations 84
Answers 85
.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 1
Multiplication and Division

Exercise 1
Short division with or without remainders

1) 57 ÷ 7 2) 83 ÷ 6 3) 94 ÷ 8 4) 106 ÷ 4

5) 183 ÷ 9 6) 401 ÷ 6 7) 372 ÷ 3 8) 861 ÷ 7

9) 974 ÷ 5 10) 462 ÷ 8 11) 341 ÷ 9 12) 576 ÷ 6

Exercise 2
Long division with or without remainders

1) 87 ÷ 17 2) 96 ÷ 23 3) 84 ÷ 11 4) 143 ÷ 34

5) 176 ÷ 26 6) 541 ÷ 67 7) 341 ÷ 44 8) 183 ÷ 14

9) 196 ÷ 16 10) 215 ÷ 18 11) 326 ÷ 24 12) 184 ÷ 17

13) 285 ÷ 22 14) 497 ÷ 31 15) 567 ÷ 34 16) 674 ÷ 23

17) 841 ÷ 21 18) 456 ÷ 27 19) 845 ÷ 42 20) 956 ÷ 51

Exercise 3
Division without remainders (answer in decimal form)

1) 15.0 ÷ 2 2) 25.0 ÷ 4 3) 58 ÷ 8 4) 34 ÷ 5

5) 30 ÷ 4 6) 93 ÷ 6 7) 188 ÷ 8 8) 90 ÷ 8

9) 81 ÷ 4 10) 273 ÷ 6 11) 27.6 ÷ 5 12) 210 ÷ 8

13) 145 ÷ 4 14) 238 ÷ 8 15) 214 ÷ 4 16) 156 ÷ 8

17) 14.7 ÷ 5 18) 50.4 ÷ 5 19) 58.8 ÷ 7 20) 583 ÷ 4

Exercise 4
Long multiplication

1) 27 × 32 2) 84 × 19 3) 26 × 47 4) 33 × 34 5) 86 × 54

6) 121 × 17 7) 216 × 27 8) 143 × 34 9) 256 × 47 10) 354 × 3

11) 374 × 63 12) 542 × 73 13) 431 × 86 14) 853 × 64 15) 427 × 27

16) 862 × 73 17) 491 × 93 18) 354 × 76 19) 529 × 69 20) 592 × 74
Sumbooks 1997 Page 2
Negative numbers

Exercise 1
Calculate the final temperature.
1) 50 C increases by 90 C 2) 50 C falls by 30 C
3) 120 C falls by 150 C 4) –20 C increases by 40 C
5) –50 C falls by 80 C 6) 9 0 C – 40 C
7) –80 C – 120 C 8) –40 C + 20 C
9) 80 C – 120 C 10) –60 C – 50 C
11) –170 C + 30 C 12) –10 C + 150 C
13) 00 C – 60 C 14) 120 C – 120 C
15) –60 C + 60 C 16) –170 C – 60 C
17) –430 C + 260 C 18) –170 C + 260 C
19) –70 C – 190 C 20) –310 C + 270 C

Exercise 2
What is the change in temperature between each of the following?
1) 30 C and 70C 2) 170 C and 230C
3) –50 C and 40C 4) –70 C and 20C
5) –60 C and –30C 6) –70 C and 00C
7) 50 C and 20C 8) 70 C and –20C
9) 50 C and –30C 10) –20 C and –70C
11) –80 Cand –40C 12) 00 C and –120C
13) –170 C and –12 14) 80 C and –16
15) –9 and –15 16) –120 C and 220C
17) –120 C and 340C 18) –160 C and –80C
19) –16 0 C and 00C 20) 12 0 C and –200C
Sumbooks 1997 Page 3
Use of the Calculator

Exercise 1

Calculate each of the following pairs of problems. Predict the answers before you do
them.

1. 4+8÷4 and (4 + 8) ÷ 4
2. 3+5×4 and (3 + 5) × 4
3. 18 – 2 × 3 and (18 – 2) × 3
4. 30 – 6 ÷ 2 and (30 –6) ÷ 2
5. 16 ÷ 4 + 4 and 16 ÷ (4 + 4)
6. 40 ÷ 8 + 2 and 40 ÷ (8 + 2)
7. 6×4+2 and 6 × (4 + 2)

Exercise 2 ( give your answer correct to 4 significant figures wherever necessary )

16.59 − 8.25 12.7 − 2.4

1. 2.
3.8 3.6 − 1.4

3. 5.7 + 3.6 ÷ 2.4 4. 4.3 – 2.4 ÷ 3.8

6.3 − 2.8 3.2

5. 6.
1.7 + 3.6 × 1.4 5.7 + 3.6 × 1.4

7. 5.3 − (2.6 − 1.4) 8. (4.3 + 3.6) × (2.7 − 1.63)

9.7 − 7 2.63 × 3.8

9. 10.
4.2 − 3.5 ÷ 5 11.4 − 6.3

5.8 × ( 7 + 3)
11. 12. 7.83 − (12.41 − 6.32)
8÷5

7.2 7.2 + 12.7

13. 14.
9.8 + 12.7 9.8

9.48 × 2.54 − 1.48 9.48 × 2.54 − 1.48

15. 16.
6.42 2.67 + 3.14

18.31 − (2.48 + 3.65) 26.14 ÷ 15.41

17. 18.
6.51 − (2.87 + 2.61) 3.87 ÷ 7.63

(16.14 − 3.65) ÷ 2.16 19.42 − 3.15 × 4.26

19. 20.
4.27 − 3.18 3.17 ÷ (4.16 + 3.67)
Sumbooks 1997 Page 4
Estimation

In each of the following questions a) write down a calculation that could be done
mentally to check the answer to each of the following and b) write down your answer

Exercise 1
1) 27 × 56 2) 32 × 67 3) 48 × 53 4) 78 × 46
5) 81 × 44 6) 53 × 62 7) 71 × 89 8) 102 × 53
9) 96 × 156 10) 87 × 162 11) 167 × 109 12) 203 × 174
13) 287 × 415 14) 536 × 851 15) 365 × 424 16) 212 × 482
17) 264 × 387 18) 543 × 77 19) 643 × 88 20) 456 × 325

Exercise 2
1) 6.314 × 2.876 2) 15.914 × 32.14
3) 17.68 × 57.58 4) 9.32 × 0.076
5) 15.421 × .0034 6) 0.00234 × 0.0157
7) 37.6 – 9.4 8) 17.73 – 4.65
9) 14.32 – 2.98 10) 8.65 – 0.357
3.54 × 2.64
11) 0.631 – 0.214 12) 4.31
5.64 × 14.78 7.64 + 3.87
13) 14)
5.74 2.56
5.31 + 2.64 7.32 × 4.28
15) 16)
3.74–1.68 1.64 × 3.17
0.314 × 2.64 6.43 + 4.95
17) 18)
4.13 0.341
3.152 × 0.48 2.31 – 1.42
19) 20)
2.63 3.64
7.43 × (4.35)2 (6.82)2 × 17.34
21) 22)
230 + 175 8.97 – 3.14

3.14(4.85 + 3.94) (3.78)3 – 4.79

23) 24)
8.32 – 2.15 0.156 × 0.734
25) If v = 2 × 9.81 × 17.4 estimate the value of v.
26) If c = 2.21 × 13.6 × 5.2 – 13.6 estimate c.

2.54 × 37.2
27) t= estimate t.
9.82

3.54 ( 6.48 + 3.21)

28) D= estimate D
6.48 – 3.21
29) Estimate the value of 8 × 8 × 10 × 11 × 12.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 5

Fractions, Decimals and Percentages

Exercise 1
Change into decimals (correct to 4 decimal places where necessary)
3 5 2 3 5 7
1) 4 2) 8 3) 5 4) 8 5) 12 6) 20
8 7 3 4 14 8
7) 15 8) 25 9) 13 10) 27 11) 25 12) 30
11 3 5 7 8 9
13) 20 14) 7 15) 9 16) 16 17) 23 18) 16

Exercise 2
Change these decimals into percentages
1) 0.26 2) 0.34 3) 0.72 4) 0.87 5) 0.64 6) 0.35
7) 0.42 8) 0.961 9) 0.432 10) 0.614 11) 0.584 12) 0.826
13) 0.932 14) 0.3 15) 0.6 16) 1.9 17) 2.38 18) 6.41

Exercise 3
Change into percentages correct to 4 significant figures
4 8 7 3 9 5
1) 5 2) 10 3) 15 4) 20 5) 16 6) 14
10 24 18 12 25 15
7) 23 8) 50 9) 35 10) 37 11) 40 12) 32
18 27 81 41 81 57
13) 26 14) 34 15) 94 16) 56 17) 156 18) 96

Exercise 4
Compare each of the following sets of numbers by first changing them into
percentages and then writing them down in order of size, smallest to largest.
1 3
1) 4 0.2 23% 2) 8 0.41 36%
7 5
3) 8 0.8 87% 4) 16 0.3 31%
3 7
5) 20 0.14 10% 6) 16 0.47 43.7%
8 9
7) 23 0.35 30% 8) 17 0.47 47.3%
6 8
9) 28 0.2 21% 10) 31 0.25 25.6%

Exercise 5
Calculate
3 3 7 5
1) 4 of 20 2) 4 of 204 3) 8 of £90 4) 8 of £1.68

5 3 5 7
5) 8 of 20 metres 6) 4 of 1212 metres 7) 12 of £75 8) 16 of 84 metres

7 9 7 3
9) 30 of £66 10) 16 of 4.4 metres 11) 8 of £44 12) 10 of 7.7 metres
Sumbooks 1997 Page 6

Exercise 6
1) 37% of 600 2) 24% of 50 3) 36% of 950 4) 41% of500

5) 15% of £6 6) 40% of £1.50 7) 60% of £19 8) 17% of 8 metres

9) 24% of £9 10) 72% of £4.50 11) 52% of £16.50 12) 93% of 1200

Exercise 7
Change these marks into percentages. (Give your answer correct to the nearest whole
number)

1) 24 out of 50 2) 38 out of 60 3) 27 out of 40 4) 37 out of 80

5) 56 out of 90 6) 97 out of 150 7) 43 out of 200 8) 63 out of 70

9) 84 out of 120 10) 156 out of 250 11) 17 out of 20 12) 76 out of 110

13) 43 out of 76 14) 58 out of 95 15) 62 out of 68 16) 27 out of 45

Exercise 8
Find the percentage profit on each of the following, correct to the nearest whole
number.

Buying price Selling price

1) £100 £120
2) £50 £80
3) £60 £80
4) £1.50 £1.80
5) £2.80 £3.10
6) £1,500 £1,700
7) £45,000 £47,000
8) £42.50 £45.00
9) £900 £950
10) £2010 £2500

Exercise 9
Find the selling price for each of these.

Buying price Profit

1) £100 17%
2) £200 21%
3) £150 20%
4) £2000 15%
5) £4200 32%
6) £200 712 %
7) £70 25%
8) £49,000 15%
9) £80 27%
10) £450 22%
Sumbooks 1997 Page 7
Interest
Find the simple and compound interest on each of the following. Wherever necessary
give your answer correct to the nearest penny.

1) £100 invested for 2 years at 2% interest per annum.

2) £150 invested for 2 years at 12% interest per annum.

3) £500 invested for 3 years at 9% interest per annum.

4) £1000 invested for 4 years at 10% interest per annum.

5) £1500 invested for 3 years at 7% interest per annum.

6) £2000 invested for 3 years at 4% interest per annum.

7) £5200 invested for 4 years at 5% interest per annum.

8) £120 invested for 2 years at 7% interest per annum.

9) £550 invested for 3 years at 8% interest per annum.

10) £2100 invested for 4 years at 6% interest per annum.

Sumbooks 1997 Page 8
Scale Drawings and Ratio
Exercise1
Fill in the missing values for each of the following

Scale Dimensions on drawing Actual dimension

1) 1:4 10 cms
2) 1:5 40 cms
3) 1:10 6.2 cms
4) 1:20 140 cms
5) 1:40 10 cms
6) 1:8 1.28 metres
7) 20 cms 6 metres
8) 15 cms 3 metres
9) 1:50 2.5 metres
10) 1:100 2.5 cms
11) 2.5 cms 5 metres
12) 7 cms 17.5 cms
13) 1:500 27.5 metres
14) 1:75 6 cms
15) 15 cms 4.5 metres
16) 1:12 138 cms
17) 1:250 3.6 cms
18) 4.5 cms 22.5 cms
19) 1:75 600 cms
20) 1:40 2.6cms

Exercise 2
Divide each of the following into the ratios given.

1) £900 into the ratio 4:5 2) £1000 into the ratio 3:7
3) £200 into the ratio 3:5 4) £600 into the ratio 7:8
5) £800 into the ratio 5:11 6) £700 into the ratio 5:9
7) £630 into the ratio 7:11 8) £1265 into the ratio 9:14
9) £2205 into the ratio 8:13 10) £1200 into the ratio 3:4:5
11) £450 into the ratio 5:6:7 12) £315 into the ratio 2:3:4
13) £1008 into the ratio 7:8:9 14) £1215 into the ratio 7:9:11
15) £550 into the ratio 5:8:9 16) £78.40 into the ratio 3:4:7
17) £150 into the ratio 6:8:11 18) £13.86 into the ratio 3:7:11
19) £864 into the ratio 4:7:13 20) £343 into the ratio 3:4:7

Exercise 3
Three people, A, B and C, share an amount of money in the ratios shown below. In
each case calculate the total amount of money shared out and the amount C gets.
1) Ratio 2:3:4. A gets £8
2) Ratio 3:4:5. B gets £12
3) Ratio 3:8:10. B gets £24
4) Ratio 3:5:7. A gets £33
5) Ratio 7:11:14. B gets £99
6) Ratio 3:5:11. A gets £1.65
7) Ratio 2:5:8. B gets £3.35
8) Ratio 3:6:13. B gets £6.72
9) Ratio 5:7:9. A gets £11.55
10) Ratio 4:11:13. B gets £56.10
Sumbooks 1997 Page 9
Standard Form
Exercise 1
Write down these numbers in standard form
1) 36 2) 426 3) 8300
4) 94 000 5) 562 000 6) 0.15
7) 0.0314 8) 0.0054 9) 0.00023
10) 0.000015 11) 0.00143 12) 157.3
Change these numbers from standard form.
13) 1.3 × 103 14) 3.4 × 104 15) 1.48 × 105
16) 2.1 × 107 17) 3.41 × 104 18) 4.32 × 106
19) 2.180 × 105 20) 9.36 × 10–3 21) 4.21 × 10–5
22) 5.97 × 10–4 23) 3.26 × 10–6 24) 4.85 × 10–5

Exercise 2
Calculate each of the following, leaving your answer in standard form. Round off to 4
significant figures where necessary.
1) (2.5 × 10 2 ) × (3.0 × 10 4 ) 2) ( 4.6 × 10 3 ) × (2.8 × 10 5 )
3) (5.3 × 10 ) × (2.4 × 10 )
–2 –5
4) (6.4 × 10 ) × (3.7 × 10 )
–4 –8

5) (3.6 × 10 ) × (4.2 × 10 )
4 –2
6) (4.81 × 10 ) × (3.8 × 10 )
–3 7

7) (5.4 × 10 ) ÷ (2.7 × 10 )
10 5
8) (7.61 × 10 ) ÷ (4.31 × 10 )
6 –2

9) (8.31 × 10 ) ÷ (4.36 × 10 )
6 4
10) (3.54 × 10 ) ÷ (5.36 × 10 )
–4 –5

5.7 × 10 7 8.36 × 10 7
11) 12)
45,000 41,000

13)
(1.73 × 10 ) × (2.41 × 10 )
6 5

14)
(4.83 × 10 ) × (4.61 × 10 )
–7 –11

3.17 × 10 4 6.31 × 10 4
Exercise 3
1) If x = 3×105 and y = 2×105 write down the value of a) xy and b) x + y leaving
your answer in standard form.
2) If x = 3×10–4 and y = 3×10–4 write down the value of a) xy and b) x + y leaving
your answer in standard form.
3) If x = 3×10–5 and y = 7×10–3 write down the value of xy leaving your answer in
standard form.
4) The mass of the earth is 5.976×1024 kilograms and the mass of the moon is
7.35×1022 kilograms. Write down the ratio of the mass of the moon to that of the
earth in the form 1 : n.
5) The distance of the moon from the earth is 384 400 kilometres. The speed of light is
approximately 3.0×105 kilometres per second. How long does it take light to travel
from the moon to the earth?
6) A neutron has a mass of 1.675×10–27 kilograms and an electron 9.109×10–31
kilograms. Calculate the ratio of the mass of a neutron to the mass of an electron in
the form 1 : n.
7) Light travels at a speed of approximately 3.0×105 kilometres per second. a) How far
will it travel in 1 year (365 days)? b) If the distance from the earth to a star is
7.865×1013 kilometres, how long will its light take to reach earth?
8) The mass of Jupiter is 318 times the mass of the earth. If the mass of the earth is
5.976 × 1024 kilograms, what is the mass of Jupiter?
Sumbooks 1997 Page 10
Prime Factors

Exercise 1

Write down all the factors of the following numbers.

1) 15 2) 20 3) 24 4) 30 5) 32 6) 40

7) 45 8) 60 9) 71 10) 84 11) 90 12) 100

Exercise 2

Express the following numbers as products of their prime factors.

1) 150 2) 160 3) 200 4) 210 5) 260 6) 675

7) 945 8) 1715 9) 1155 10)1035 11) 1680 12) 1404

Exercise 3

Express the following numbers as products of their prime factors

In each case state the smallest whole number it has to be multiplied by

to produce a perfect square.

1) 12 2) 18 3) 180 4) 80 5) 162 6) 252

7) 343 8) 468 9) 608 10) 980 11) 600 12) 360

Exercise 4

Calculate the largest odd number that is a factor of each of the following.

1) 108 2) 180 3) 200 4) 271 5) 294 6) 504

7) 588 8) 720 9) 780 10) 468 11) 1248 12) 1200

Sumbooks 1997 Page 11
Number Patterns and Sequences
Exercise 1
In each of the following patterns write down the next two numbers
1) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.... 2) 5, 7, 9, 11, 13.... 3) 7, 10, 13, 16, 19....
4) 5, 9, 13, 17, 21.... 5) 3, 8, 13, 18, 23.... 6) 3, 12, 21, 30, 39....
7) 3, 4, 6, 9, 13.... 8) 5, 5, 6, 8, 11... 9) 5, 7, 11, 17, 25....
10) 2, 3, 5, 8, 12.... 11) 20, 21, 23, 26, 30.... 12) 3, 5, 8, 12, 17....
13) 15, 13, 11, 9, 7.... 14) 20,20, 19, 17, 14.... 15) 22, 19, 16, 13, 10....
16) 15, 13, 10, 6, 1.... 17) 7, 5, 3, 1, –1.... 18) 8, 8, 7, 5, 2....
19) 5, 2, –2, –7, –13.... 20) –1, –2, –4, –7, –11.... 21) –2, 1, 4, 7, 10....
22) 1, 3, 7, 13, 21.... 23) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.... 24) 1, 3, 7, 15, 31....
25)1, 4, 9, 16, 25.... 26) 2, 6, 12, 20, 30.... 27) 7, 13, 21, 31, 43....

Exercise 2
In each of the following patterns (a) write down the next two numbers, (b) write down
in words the rule for finding the next number and (c) write down the rule for finding
the nth number in the pattern in terms of n.
1) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9..... 2) 2, 5, 8, 11, 14.... 3) 5, 9, 13, 17, 21....
4) 6, 12, 18, 24, 30.... 5) 7, 13, 19, 25, 31.... 6) 12, 17, 22, 27, 32....
7) 20, 18, 16, 14, 12..... 8) 17, 14, 11, 8, 5.... 9) 42, 36, 30, 24, 18....
10) –7, –5, –3, –1, 1.... 11) –15, –10, –5, 0, 5.... 12) –14, –8, –2, 4, 10....
13) 5, 3, 1, –1, –3.... 14) 12, 9, 6, 3, 0.... 15) –1, –3, –5, –7, –9...
16) 1, 4, 9, 16, 25.... 17) 0, 2, 6, 12, 20.... 18) 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48....

Exercise 3
1) The diagrams below show square 'holes' surrounded by centimetre squares.

Length of side 1 2 3
Number of squares 8 12 16

Find the number of squares needed for holes of side a) 4cm b) 5cm c) n cm
d) Calculate the number of squares needed for a hole of side 20cm.

2) A child places blocks on a floor making the pattern shown below. The first row
contains 1 block, the second 3 blocks, the third 5 and so on.

Row 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

How many blocks will be in a) row 5 b) row 6 c) row n

d) Calculate how many will be in row 40.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 12

3) The diagram shows a number of rectangles where the length is 1 unit longer than
the width.
1 2
2 3 4
3
4
5
Rectangle number 1 2 3 4
Find the areas of a) Rectangle 4 b) Rectangle 5 c) rectangle n
d) Calculate also the area of rectangle 20

4) A library shelving system is made from uprights and shelves as shown below.

1 upright 2 uprights 3 uprights

no shelves 5 shelves 10 shelves

How many shelves can be made from a) 4 uprights b) 5 uprights c) n uprights.

d) How many shelves are needed for 10 uprights.

5) Shapes are made from matchsticks as shown below.

1 layer 2 layers 3 layers

7 matches 12 matches 17 matches

Write down the number of matches needed for shapes with a) 4 layers b) 5 layers
c) n layers
Calculate how many matches are needed for a shape having 12 layers.

6) Pens, in which animals ars kept are made from posts and cross bars. One pen
requires 4 posts and 8 cross bars , 2 bars along each side.

1pen 2 pens 3 pens

8 cross bars 14 cross bars 20 cross bars
4 posts 6 posts 8 posts

If more pens are made in this way, write down the number of posts and cross bars
needed for a) 4 pens b) 5 pens c) n pens.
Calculate the number of posts needed if there are 122 cross bars.
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 13
Distance Time Diagrams

1)
The diagram shows the journey of a lorry
D from home H to destination D.
200
a) What is the distance between H and D?
Distance b) For how long did the driver stop?
(miles) c) What was his average speed when travelling
100 slowest?
d) What was the average speed for the whole
journey?

H
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time taken (hours)
The diagram shows a distance time
2) 30 graph for two buses A and B,
travelling between towns F, G and H.
H
Distance Bus A travels from F to H and bus B
(miles) from H to F.
20 Find
a) the average speed of bus A between
G F and G in miles per hour.
b) the length of time bus A stops at G
10 c) the time at which bus B leaves H
d) the average speed of bus B in m.p.h.
e) the approximate time at which the
buses pass each other.
F f) the approximate distance from G at
8.00 8.30 9.00 which the buses pass
Time (Hrs and Minutes) g) the time at which bus B arrives at F.

3)
Town B Two towns are 120 miles apart.
The graph shows the journeys of
two trains.
100 The first goes from A to B.
Distance The second goes from B to A.
from 80 From the graph find
Town A a) the speed of the first train over
60 the first part of its journey.
b) the time at which the first train
40 stopped and for how long.
c) the speed of the train during the
second part of its journey.
20 d) the average speed of the second
train.
Town A e) the time and distance from
12:00 13:00 14:00 town A when the two trains
Time
passed each other.
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 14
4)
30
B

25
A
Distance 20
travelled
from home
(km) 15

10

10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00

Time
The diagram shows a distance-time graph for two journeys.
One journey is by bicycle, the other is jogging.
a) Which journey do you think is by bicycle and why, journey A or B?
b) What is the average speed of the cyclist on her outward journey?
c) Who travelled the furthest?
d) What is the average speed of the jogger on his homeward journey?
e) For how long did the jogger stop?
f) If both the journeys were made along the same road, at what approximate
times did they meet?
g) At what time did the cyclist arrive home?

5)
Two cars, A and B,
Y
travel between two
towns X and Y. 120 Car A
The distance time Distance
graph shows the (miles)
distance from town X. 80
Half of the journey is
along a motorway and
half is not. 40
a) How far apart are the Car B
two towns?
b) Calculate the speeds X
of car A over the 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00
two sections. Time
c) Calculate the speeds of car B over the two sections.
d) For how long did car B stop?
e) At what time, and how far from town X, are the two cars when they pass each other?
f) Approximately how far apart are the two cars at 06:00?
g) At what times will the cars be 50 miles apart?
©Sumbooks 1997 Page 15

Conversion Graphs

1) The graph can be used to convert pounds (£) into French francs. Use it to convert;
a) £5.50 into French francs
b) 28 French francs into pounds and pence.

60

50
French
francs 40

30

20

10

1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8
Pounds (£)
2) The graph can be used to convert pounds (£) into US dollars ($). Use it to convert;
a) £70 into dollars
b) $60 into pounds.

150

Dollars 100
($)

50

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Pounds (£)
©Sumbooks 1997 Page 16

3) 1kg is approximately 2.2lbs. Calculate what 40 kg is in pounds. From this information

draw a conversion graph to convert kg into pounds.
Use a horizontal scale of 4cm to 10kg and a vertical scale of 4cm to 20lbs.
From your graph convert;
a) 23kg into pounds
b) 75 pounds into kg.

4) It is known that 1 gallon is approximately equal to 4.5 litres. Use this infomation to
change 10 gallons into litres. Plot a graph to convert gallons into litres using a scale of
2cm to represent 2 gallons on the horizontal axis and 2cm to represent 5 litres on the
vertical axis.
From your graph; a) convert 11 gallons into litres
b) convert 32 litres into gallons
In each case give your answer correct to 1 decimal place.

5) The table below shows the cost of gas. There is a fixed charge of £10.00.

Cost £10.00 £25.00 £85.00 £160.00

Units Used 0 1,000 5,000 10,000
Use this information to plot a conversion graph with a scale of 2cm to represent 2000
units on the horizontal axis and 2cm to represent £20 on the vertical axis.
From your graph find;
a) the cost of 5,200 units
b) the number of units that can be bought of £145.000.

6) Water is run from a tap into a container which has a large base and narrower neck. The
height of the water in the container is measured every 30 seconds. The following table
gives the results;

Height of water (cm) 0 2 8 18 32 50

Time (secs) 0 30 60 90 120 150

Using a vertical scale of 2cm to represent 10cm for the height of the water and a
horizontal scale of 2cm to represent 20 secs for the time, plot the above infomation
to produce a conversion chart. From your graph find;
a) the time it takes to reach a height of 25cm
b) the height of water after the tap has been running for 1 1--4- minutes.

7) David has to make pastry but his scales measure in ounces and the recipe uses
grammes. He has a tin of beans which say on the label that 15 --12- ounces is equivalent to
440 grammes. Using a scale of 2cm to represent 2oz on the horizontal axis and 2cm to
represent 50 grammes on the vertical axis, draw a line to show the relationship
between ounces and grammes.
From the graph convert the following to the nearest half ounce, so that David can use
his scales;
a) 85g of butter
b) 200 g of flour
When he has mixed all the ingredients together he weighs out 13 1--2- ounces of pastry.
c) What is this weight in grammes?
Sumbooks 1997 Page 17
Sketching and Recognising Graphs
1) Sammi walks to school, keeping at the same speed all the way. Which of these
graphs represents her journey.
a) b) c)
Distance Distance Distance
travelled travelled travelled

Time taken Time taken Time taken

2) The Swimming Pool Corporation makes round swimming pools. The table below
shows their prices.

Diameter 8 metres 10 metres 12 metres 14 metres 16 metres

Cost £192 £300 £432 £588 £768

Which of these graphs represents the prices of the pools.

a) b) c)

Price Price Price

Diameter Diameter Diameter

3) A train travels from Dorcaster to Newchester. Its speed increases from 0 to 60mph.
It then travels at a constant 60mph and finally it slows down from 60mph to 0mph.
Which of these diagrams shows that journey.

a) b) c) d)

Speed Speed Speed Speed

Time Time Time Time

4) A shop sells stamps which cost 25p each. In order to help calculate their cost, the
assistant uses the following list of prices to help him.

Number of stamps 1 5 10 20 50 100

Cost 25p £1.25 £2.50 £5 £12.50 £25

Sketch a graph which represents their price plotted against the number sold.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 18

5) A water tank with straight sides is full. A tap at the bottom is turned on and the
water drained out at a constant rate. Which of these diagrams shows this.

a) b) c) d)
Height Height Height Height
of of of of
water water water water

Time Time Time

Time

6) A car is bought for £5000. During each year it loses 20% of its value at the
beginning of that year. (compound depreciation). Which of these diagrams
represents its value?
a) b) c) d)

Value Value Value Value

Time Time Time Time

7) Niki travels to her gran's house. The first part of her journey she travels by bike,
the second part she walks, and the last part she goes by bus. Which of these
diagrams represents her journey?
a) b) c)

Distance Distance Distance

Time Time Time

8) The table below shows the volume of some cubes. Sketch a graph of the length of
their side against their volume.

Length of side (cm) 1 2 5 10 20

Volume of cube (cm3 ) 1 8 125 1000 8000
Sumbooks 1997 Page 19
Plotting Graphs
1) a) Complete the table below which gives the values of y = x2 +3 for values of x
ranging from –3 to +3.

x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 12 4 3 7

b) On graph paper, draw the graph of y = x2+3 . Use the scale of 2cm to 1 unit on
the x axis and 2cm to 2 units on the y axis.
c) From your graph determine, correct to 1 decimal place, the values of x when y=6
d) Draw the line y =7 on the same graph and write down the co-ordinates of the
points where they cross.

2) a) Complete the table below which gives the values of y = 2x2 +3x–1 for values of x
ranging from –3 to +2.

x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
y 1 –2 13

b) On graph paper, draw the graph of y =2x2+3x–1. Use the scale of 2cm to 1 unit
on the x axis and 2cm to 2 units on the y axis.
c) Draw the line y =x+3 on the same graph and write down the co-ordinates of the
points where they cross.
d) Show that the solution to the equation 2x2+2x–4 = 0 can be found at these
points. Write down the solution to this equation

3) a) Complete the table below which gives the values of y = x3 +6 for values of x
ranging from –1.5 to +1.5.

x –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

y 5 6 7

b) On graph paper, draw the graph of y = x3+6 . Use the scale of 4cm to 1 unit on
the x axis and 2cm to 1 unit on the y axis.
c) Draw the line y =x + 6 on the same graph and write down the co-ordinates of
the points where they cross.
d) Show that the solution to the equation x3–x= 0 can be found at these
points. Write down the solution to this equation

4) a) Complete the table below which gives the values of y = 3x2 –6 for values of x
ranging from –3 to +3.

x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 21 –3 –6

b) On graph paper, draw the graph of y = 3x2–6 . Use the scale of 2cm to 1 unit on
the x axis and 2cm to 5 units on the y axis.
c) Draw the line y =10 on the same graph and write down the co-ordinates of the
points where they cross, correct to 1 decimal place.
d) Show that the solution to the equation 3x2–16= 0 can be found at these
points. Write down the solution to this equation
Sumbooks 1997 Page 20

5) a) Complete the table below which gives the values of y = 5 + 2 for values of x
x
ranging from 0.5 to 8.

x 0.5 1 2 4 5 8
y 7 5.5 5.4

b) On graph paper, draw the graph of y = 5 + 2x . Use the scale of 2cm to 1 unit on
the x axis and 2cm to 1 unit on the y axis.
c) From your graph determine, correct to 1 decimal place, the value of x when
y=6.5.
x
d) Draw the line y = 8 – 2 on the same graph and write down the co-ordinates of
the points where they cross, correct to 1 decimal place.
x 2
e) Show that the solution to the equation 2 – 3 + x = 0 can be found at these
points. Write down the solution to this equation.

6) a) Complete the table below which gives the values of y = x2 +2x+5 for values of x
ranging from –3 to +2.

x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
y 8 4 5

b) On graph paper draw the graph of y = x2+2x + 5 . Use the scale of 2cm to 1 unit
on the x axis and 2cm to 2 units on the y axis.
c) By drawing a suitable straight line on the grid, solve the equation x2+x+5= 7

7) a) Complete the table below which gives the values of y = 2x3 –5 for values of x
ranging from –1.5 to +2.

x –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

y –11.75 –5 –4.75 –3 1.75

b) On graph paper, draw the graph of y = 2x3–5 . Use the scale of 4cm to 1 unit on
the x axis and 2cm to 2 units on the y axis.
c) By drawing a suitable straight line on the grid, solve the equation
2x3–4x–1= 0

8) a) Complete the table below which gives the values of y = 5x –4 for values of x
ranging from 0.5 to 8.

x 0.5 1 2 5 8
y 1 –3

b) On graph paper, draw the graph of y = x5 –4. Use the scale of 2cm to 1 unit on
the x axis and 2cm to 1 unit on the y axis.
c) By drawing a suitable straight line on the grid, solve the equation
5
x–7+x =0
Sumbooks 1997 Page 21
Substitution

Calculate the following values given that a = 3, b = 4 and c = 5

1) 3a + 4b 2) 5a − b 3) a−b−c

4) 3a + 2b − 4c 5) 5c − 7a 6) 3a − 2b + 6

Calculate the values of the expressions in questions 7 to 12 given that a = 1, b = –2

and c = 3

7) 4a + 2b − c 8) 3a + 2b − 4c 9) 6a − 7b
10) a+b−c 11) 3a − 3b − c 12) 4a − 2b − c

13) If v = u+at, find v when u = 2, a = 0.25 and t = 6

14) Find the area of a circle of radius 2.54cm if A = πr2 and π = 3.142
15) Find the circumference of a circle of diameter 6.5cm if C = πD
16) If y = mx+c find the value of y when m = 6, x = 2 and c = 1
17) The volume of a cone is given by V = 3 πr2h. Find its volume when π = 3.142,
1

r = 3cm, and h = 2.5cm.

18) The temperature F ( o Fahrenheit) is connected to the temperature C (o Celsius) by
5
the formula C = 9 (F – 32). Find, to the nearest degree, the value of C when
F = 82o
19) Find the simple interest paid if the principal (P) is £250, the time (T) is 3 years
PTR
and the rate of interest (R) is 9.5% using the formula I = 100

20) If v2 = u2 + 2as find v when u = 7.3, a = 1.1 and s = 150.

21) If v2 = 2gh find v when g = 9.8 and h = 12.
1
22) If S = 2 (u + v)t find S when u = 20, v = 57.5 and t = 2.5.
2x + y
23) If A = 3 find A when x = 6 and y = 19
Rx2
24) If P =
2y find P when (a) R = 6, x = 7 and y = 4, (b) R = –3, x = –2, and y = 5
bc
25) If x = b – c find x when b = 13 and c = 9.

26) If y = 4x2 + 3x – 2 find y when x is (a) 3 (b) –2

27) If y = 3x2 – 2x + 1 find y when x is (a) 5 (b) –1
28) If y = (x + 3)(x – 4) find y when x is (a) 3 (b) –3
29) If y = (3x – 2)(x + 1) Find y when x is (a) 7 (b) –3
30) If y = 2x2 + 1x find y when x = –2
31) If v = u + at, calculate v when u = 10, a = –9.8 and t = 6.
32) If v2 = u2 + 2as, calculate the value of v when u = 40, a = –9.8 and s = 40.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 22
Simplifying Expressions
Exercise 1 Simplify
1) 7 + 4 2) 10 − 5
3) 12 − 3 4) 8−9
5) 6−9 6) 7 − 10
7) −4+8 8) −6+9
9) − 4 + 10 10) −5−3
11) −7−4 12) −9−6
13) 4−3+2 14) 6 − 7 +1
15) 5 − 9 + 5 16) 6 − 10 − 2
17) − 4 + 6 − 3 18) −7+2+4
19) 8 − 15 + 3 20) −5−4+9
21) − 5 + 3 − 4 + 8 22) −6+4−9−4
23) − 8 − 6 − 4 + 3 24) 8 − 10 − 6 + 4
25) 5 − 6 − 4 + 8 26) −9−6+3− 4
27) − 9 − 4 + 2 − 8 28) −7+2+3−9
29) 8 + 6 − 5 − 4 30) −6− 4+3−8

Exercise 2 Simplify
1) 3y + 8y 2) 5y + 3y
3) 9y − 6y 4) 12x − 4x
5) 16y − 18y 6) 27x − 19x
7) − 12y + 3y 8) − 23x + 17x
9) − 16a − 7a 10) − 14w − 5w
11) 12b + 3b + 2a + 3a 12) 9x + 7y + 3x + 6y
13) 4b + 5a + 3b + 3a 14) x + 6y + y + x
15) 6a − 2a + 3b + 4b 16) 12 p − 4 p + 3q + 7q
17) 12a + 3b − 4a − b 18) 5x + 7y − y − x
19) 16x + 8y − 10x − 9y 20) 21a + 3b − 17a − 2b
21) 6x + 3y − 8x − 6y 22) 12a + 9b − 6a − 12b
23) 5xy + 3y − 6xy 24) 4xy + 4y + 2xy
25) − 7ab + 6b − 3ab − 4b − 3ab 26) − 5xy + 7x − 2xy − 3xy − 2x
27) 5ab + 3bc − 4ab + 5bc − 6ab − 3bc 28) 7xy + 9yz − 3xy − 3yz + 7xy − 2yz
29) 9xy − 4x + 2xy − 5x + 3xy 30) 12ab − 4a − 3ab + 5a + 9ab
31) x 2 + 3x 2 32) 7y 2 + 6y 2
33) x 2 + 2y 2 + 4x 2 + 5y 2 34) 7x 2 + 4y 2 − 3x 2 − 4y 2
35) 3xy + 2x 2 + 3xy − x 2 36) 9x 2 − 3x + 5x − 3x 2
37) − 6x 2 y + 2xy 2 + 3xy 2 + 2x 2 y 38) 7x 2 y − 12xy 2 − 5x 2 y + 3xy 2
39) 1
4 x + 12 x 40) 3
4 y − 14 y
Sumbooks 1997 Page 23
Indices
Exercise 1
Write down the values of the following.
1) 32 2) 33 3) 34 4) 35 5) 10 2 6) 10 3 7) 10 4 8) 10 5

Exercise 2
Use a calculator to write down the values of the following.
(1) 6 5 (2) 56 (3) 4 7 (4) 76 (5) 95 (6) 115 (7) 136 (8) 79

Exercise 3
Write down the answers to these both in index form and, where necessary, numerical
form.
(1) 2 3 × 2 4 (2) 34 × 35 (3) 4 × 4 5 (4) 10 4 × 10 3 (5) 74 × 74
(6) 8 × 83 × 8 (7) x 5 × x 2 (8) a 3 × a10 (9) b 2 × b 3 × b 4 (10) y10 × y15

Exercise 4
Write down the answers to each of the following in index form.
10 4
(1) 48 ÷ 4 4 (2) 59 ÷ 54 (3) 77 ÷ 74 (4) 1010 ÷ 10 7 (5) 157 ÷ 154 (6)
10 2
97 12 6 810 20 7 x7
(7) 4 (8) 3 (9) 4 (10) (11) a 5 ÷ a 2 (12) y15 ÷ y 3 (13) 2
9 12 8 20 4 x

Exercises 5
Write down the answers to each of the following in index form.
(1) (2 2 ) (2) ( 4 2 ) (3) ( 73 ) (4) ( 4 4 ) (5) (52 ) (6) (2 3 )
4 5 3 3 3 5

(7) (32 ) (8) ( 72 ) (9) (32 ) (10) (52 ) (11) ( x 2 ) (12) ( y 3 )

8 4 5 4 5 3

Exercise 6
Calculate the answers to each of these in numerical form.
(1) (2 × 3) (2) ( 4 × 3) (3) ( 7 × 2) (4) ( 4 × 2) (5) (5 × 3)
4 5 3 3 3

(6) (2 × 5) (7) (3 × 4) (8) ( 7 × 3) (9) (3 × 2) (10) (5 × 4)

5 6 4 5 4

Exercise 7
Simplify each of the following
(1) (a) x 2 × x 3 (b) x 5 × x 6 (c) a 4 × a8 (d) y 2 × y11
(2) (a) a 4 ÷ a 2 (b) a 2 ÷ a 2 (c) x 5 ÷ x 3 (d) 210 ÷ 2 4
(3) (a) ( a 6 ) (b) ( x 3 ) (c) ( y 2 ) (d) (b 3 )
4 6 4 6

(4) (a) ( xy) × x 2 (b) ( ab) × a 2 (c) ( xy) × y 2 (d) ( ab) × b 3

2 3 4 3

(5) (a) (3x )2 (b) (2x ) (c) (3x ) (d) (5a)

3 3 2

50b 5 100x 7
(6) (a) 12a 3 ÷ 4a 2 (b) 21x 5 ÷ 7x 2 (c) (d)
10b 2 20x 2
(7) (a) 3x 2 × 4x 2 (b) 9a × 12a
4 3
(c) 6y × 5y
5 4

x ×x ×x
2 3 4
x2 × x × x5
(8) (a) x 5 × x 3 ÷ x 2 (b) (c)
x5 x8
Sumbooks 1997 Page 24
Multiplying Brackets
Exercise 1 Calculate

1) 8 × 3 2) 5 × 7 3) 4 × ( −6)
4) 6 × ( −4) 5) − 3 × 2 6) −8×5
7) − 5 × ( −4) 8) − 6 × ( −5) 9) − 7 × ( −3)
10) − 6 × 5 11) 4 × ( −3) 12) − 8 × ( −7)

Exercise 2 Expand and simplify

1) 3( x + y) 2) 6(3x + 4)
3) − (2x − 3) 4) − (3x + 2)
5) − 4(2x + 5) 6) − 7(3x − 4)
7) 4 ( −3x − 3) 8) − 5( −2x + 3)
9) − 3( −3x − 2) 10) 7x + 8y + 3(2x + 4y )
11) 12x − 3y − 2( 4x + y) 12) 14x + 8y − 6(6x − 2y)
13) 7x − 3y − (5x + 2y) 14) 12x + 3y − ( 4x − 2y )
15) 12x − 4y + ( 4y − 2x ) 16) 2(3x + 2y) + 3(3x + 3y )
17) 4(2x + 4y ) + 5(6x − 7y) 18) 5(3x − 2y ) − 4(3x + 4y )
19) 7(3x − 5y ) − 4( 4x − 5y ) 20) 5x (2x + 3) − 2x (2x − 1)
21) 3x (3x − 2) − 4x (3x + 4) 22) 5x (3x + 2) + 3x ( 4x − 5)
23) 6x (2x + 1) − x (5x + 3) 24) 4x (3x − 2) − x ( −3x − 2)
25) 5x (2x + 3) − 3x ( −4 − 2x ) 26) 3x ( 4x − 6) − 3x (2x + 5)

Exercise 3 Expand and simplify

1) ( x + 2)( x + 3) 2) (2x + 1)( x + 2)

3) (3x + 2)( x + 4) 4) (5x + 2)(6x + 7)
5) (3x + 4)(2x − 3) 6) ( 4x + 5)(3x − 5)
7) (6x + 3)( 4x − 6) 8) (3x + 2)(5x − 3)
9) ( 4x − 3)(2x + 1) 10) (3x − 4)( x + 2)
11) (6x − 5)( 4x + 3) 12) (3x − 7)(2x − 8)
13) (6x − 4)( 7x − 5) 14) (3x − 6)( 4x − 5)
15) (8x − 6)(9x − 2) 16) (3x + 7)(5x − 2)
17) (5x + 3) 18) (6x − 2)
2 2

19) ( 4x − 5) 20) ( −4x − 9)

2 2
Sumbooks 1997 Page 25
Factorising

Exercise 1 Factorise

1) 3x + 6 2) 5x − 15 3) 6x − 15
4) 4z + 12 5) 8y + 20 6) 18y − 6
7) 16x − 20 8) 16x − 24 9) 14a − 16
10) 24x + 36y 11) 24x + 16y 12) 21a + 14b
13) 8x − 18z 14) 18y + 27z 15) 24 p − 40q
16) 3a + 3 17) 16x + 16 18) 5 − 5x 2
19) 6a − 4b + 8c 20) 5a + 10b − 5c 21) 12 − 9a + 3b

Exercise 2 Factorise

1) 2a − a 2 2) 6y − y 2 3) 9x − x 2
4) x 2 − 3x 5) 3a + 6a 2 6) 4b − b 2
7) 2y + 4y 2 8) 5x 2 − 10x 9) 4z 2 − 12z
10) 6x − 9x 2 11) 16y 2 + 20y 12) 32z − 16z 2
13) 20a − 35a 2 14) 18x 2 − 15x 15) 27a 2 − 18a

Exercise 3 Factorise

1) ab + 2a 2) 4x − xy 3) 6a − 2ab
4) 3a + 6a 2 5) 9x 2 − 6x 6) 2xy + 6x − x 2
7) 12ab − a + a 2 8) 7a 2 − 14ab 9) 4 πr 2 − 6 πrh
10) 20xy + 5y 2 11) 16xy − 8xyz 12) 8pq − 4 p 2 q
13) 26 p 2 q − 13pq 2 14) 9ab 2 − a 2 b 15) 16x 2 y − 12xy 2

Exercise 4 (Mixed) Factorise

1) 2a + 4b 2) 3ah − a 2 3) 5a + 15b + 10c

4) 3y + 21y
2
5) 4abc − 12bc 2
6) 6xy − 14x 2 y 2
7) 14x 2 − 32y 8) 7x 2 y + 14x 9) 3πd − 7πd 2
10) 16a + 30x 11) 9ab − 27b 2 12) 16a + 48a 2
13) 8a + 6a 2 − 2ab 14) 8x 2 + 2y − 6z 15) x + x 2 + xy
Sumbooks 1997 Page 26
Equations

Find the value of the letter in each of the following equations

Exercise 1

1) x + 4 = 6 2) x + 7 = 17 3) 7 + y = 19
4) x − 2 = 4 5) y − 7 = 11 6) a − 9 = 18
7) 6 − y = 4 8) 12 − x = 2 9) 19 − x = 5
10) 12a = 36 11) 6x = 42 12) 8y = 36
13) 7b = −35 14) 4y = −24 15) 4b = −10
16) 4a + 2 = 10 17) 9a + 6 = 33 18) 12x + 6 = 30
19) 7x − 3 = 18 20) 12x − 7 = 17 21) 6x − 7 = 35
22) 4y + 4 = 14 23) 3b + 2 = −4 24) 6y − 5 = −35

Exercise 2

1) x + 3 = 2x 2) 6x − 5 = 5x 3) 7x − 6 = 6x
4) 3x + 5 = 4x 5) 2x + 3 = 3x 6) 4x + 2 = 5x
7) 4x − 12 = 2x 8) 5x − 6 = 2x 9) 4x − 7 = 2x
10) 3x + 6 = 5x 11) 8x + 5 = 10x 12) 7x + 7 = 9x
13) 4x + 2 = 2x 14) 4x + 4 = −12 15) 3x − 2 = x + 6
16) x + 7 = 2x − 2 17) 6x − 12 = 3x + 12 18) 5x − 2 = 2x + 4
19) 4x + 9 = 2x + 15 20) 3x + 7 = 2x − 1 21) 4x + 3 = 2x − 3

Exercise 3

1) 2(x + 1) = 8 2) 3(x − 1) = 9 3) 5(x + 2) = 15

4) 4(x + 2) = 36 5) 7(x − 2) = 21 6) 2(2x + 1) = 26
7) 3(2x − 1) = 27 8) 2(5x + 4) = 28 9) 3(3x − 7) = 15
10) 2(x + 1) = 3x 11) 4(x − 2) = 3x 12) 5(x + 6) = 15x
13) 2(2x + 3) = 10x 14) 3(2x − 5) = 3x 15) 6(2x + 7) = 33x
16) 3(2x + 1) = 8x − 5 17) 6(x − 6) = 4x + 4 18) 4(3x + 2) = 11x + 18
19) 4(x + 3) = 5(3x − 2) 20) 2(x + 3) = 4(2x − 9) 21) 3(2x − 1) = 5(3x − 15)
22) 2(x + 1) + x = 11 23) 3(2x − 2) + x = 29 24) 5(3x + 2) − 4x = 87
Sumbooks 1997 Page 27

Exercise 4

1) 1
2 x=6 2) 1
3 x=4 3) 1
6 x=8
3x 7x 2x
4) =6 5) = 14 6) = 12
4 10 3
7) 7
9 x = 14 8) 7
4 x = 21 9) 13
4 x = 39
10) 1
2 x+2=5 11) 1
4 x + 7 = 15 12) 1
6 x − 3 = 12
13) 2
3 x + 5 = 13 14) 3
4 x−3=6 15) 2
5 x+3=9
16) 7
9 x −6 =1 17) 5
6 x + 2 = 17 18) 6
7 x + 2 = 14
x+3 2x + 4 3x − 2
19) =3 20) =2 21) =4
3 7 4
3x + 3 5x + 4 3x − 7
22) =4 23) =2 24) = 16
6 7 2
x x 2x x x x
25) + = 14 26) + = 13 27) − = 12
3 4 5 4 3 7
x −1 x + 2 2x − 1 x + 1 3(x + 2)
28) + = 34 29) − =4 30) =6
3 2 3 4 5

Exercise 5

1) (x − 2)(x − 3) = 0 2) (x + 1)(x − 5) = 0 3) (x + 2)(x + 5) = 0

4) (x + 2)(x − 3) = 0 5) (x + 6)(x − 2) = 0 6) (5x + 20)(x + 1) = 0
7) x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0 8) x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0 9) x 2 + 5x + 4 = 0
10) x 2 − 5x + 4 = 0 11) x 2 + 11x + 18 = 0 12) x 2 − 11x + 18 = 0
13) x 2 − 7x + 10 = 0 14) x 2 + 9x + 20 = 0 15) x 2 + 7x + 12 = 0
16) x 2 − 3x − 10 = 0 17) x 2 + 5x − 6 = 0 18) x 2 − 9x − 10 = 0
19) x 2 + 5x − 14 = 0 20) x 2 − 8x − 20 = 0 21) x 2 − 4x − 21 = 0
22) x 2 − 6x + 9 = 0 23) x 2 − 10x + 25 = 0 24) x 2 − 4x − 32 = 0
Sumbooks 1997 Page 28

Straight Line Graphs and Simultaneous Equations

Exercise 1

Draw the graph of each of the following equations

1) y = x +1 2) y = x + 3 3) y = x + 4
4) y = x − 2 5) y = x − 6 6) y = x − 4
7) y = −x + 1 8) y = −x + 5 9) y = −x − 3
10) y = 2x + 1 11) y = 3x − 1 12) y = 4x − 6
13) y = −2x + 1 14) y = −3x − 4 15) y = −4x − 7
16) y = 12 x + 1 17) y = 13 x + 3 18) y = 12 x − 3

19) y = − 13 x − 2 20) y = − 12 x + 1 21) y = − 14 x + 7

22) y = 3 + x 23) y = 4 − x 24) y = −1 + x
x x x
25) y = 3 − 26) y = 5 + 27) y = 7 −
2 3 4
28) 3x + 2y = 6 29) 4x + 5y = 20 30) 6x + 4y = 24
31) 4x − 5y = 0 32) 6x − 3y = 0 33) 4y − 3x = 0
34) x + 3 − y = 0 35) x − y − 2 = 0 36) 4 + x − y = 0
37) 2x + y − 2 = 0 38) y + 2x + 3 = 0 39) x + 2 − 2y = 0

Exercise 2

Solve each of the following pairs of simultaneous equations by drawing them. All
diagrams can be drawn on axes where x lies between –3 and 6, and y lies between
–4 and 6.

1) y = x and 3x + 3y = 9 2) y = 4x and 2x + y = 6

3) 3x + 2y = 12 and y = x + 1 4) y = 12 x + 3 and x + y = 6

5) y = x − 4 and y = −x 6) y = 2x + 2 and 2x + y = 4

x x
7) y = 3x − 3 and y = +2 8) x + y = 5 and y = +1
2 3
9) y = 2x + 4 and 2x + 4y = 1 10) y − x = 0 and 2y − x − 3 = 0
11) x + y + 2 = 0 and 2y = x − 1 12) y = x + 3
2 and 2x + y = 6
13) 2y = 3x − 3 and y = 13 x + 2 14) y = 2x + 5 and x + y = 2
Sumbooks 1997 Page 29
Trial and Improvement

Exercise 1
Calculate the value of x, correct to 1 decimal place for each of the following, using a
trial and improvement method. Show all your attempts.

1) x3 = 41 2) x3 = 57 3) x3 = 86

4) x3 = 97 5) x3 = 132 6) x3 = 77

7) x3 = 60 8) x3 = 117 9) x3 = 142

Exercise 2
By using a suitable trial and improvement method find the value of x, correct to one
decimal place, which satisfies each of the following equations. Show all your
attempts.

1) x2 + x = 23 2) x2 + x = 37

3) x2 – x = 45 4) x2 – 4x = 49

5) x2 + 3x = 23 6) x2 + 5x = 32

7) x2 – 2x = 41 8) x2 – 4x = 57

9) x3 + x = 67 10) x3 + 2x = 55

11) x3 – x = 67 12) x3 – 3x = 100

13) If x2 = 30, find the value of x correct to 1 decimal place.

14) If x2 + x = 27, what is the value of x correct to 1 decimal place?

15) Calculate the value of x in the equation x2 + 3x = 36, correct to one decimal
place.

16) Solve the equation x3 – 3x = 40, correct to 1 decimal place.

17) A square has an area of 32cm2 . Use a trial and improvement method to calculate
the length of one side.

18) The longer side of a rectangle is 3 cm greater than the shorter side. If its area is
24cm2 use a trial and improvement method to calculate the size of the shorter
side?

19) The perpendicular height of a right angled triangle is 5cm more than its base. If its
area is 92cm2 , what is the length of its base.

20) A cuboid has a height and length which are each 6cm greater than its width. If its
volume is 600cm3 , calculate its width correct to one decimal place.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 30

Inequalities

Solve these inequalities in the form x ≥ a number, x ≤ a number, x > a number or

x < a number.

1) x +1> 4 2) x+2<5 3) 7<2+x

4) x+2<8 5) x−3>7 6) 3> x−7
7) 3x ≥ 12 8) 5x ≥ −25 9) 25 ≥ 5x
10) 2x + 1 ≥ 7 11) 3x − 6 < 6 12) 3 < 6x + 39
13) 6x − 26 ≤ 10 14) 5x + 5 ≥ 40 15) 3x + 7 < 40
16) 6> x−3 17) 12 < x + 20 18) 15 > x + 7
19) 14 + 3x ≤ 38 20) 18 + 2x ≤ 60 21) 15 + 3x ≤ 45
22) x + 4 > 3x − 8 23) x − 3 > 2x + 11 24) x − 7 < 3x − 1
25) 4x + 3 ≥ 3x − 7 26) 5x − 6 ≤ 2x + 9 27) 3x + 9 ≥ 5x + 2
28) 7x − 12 < 3x − 2 29) 5x − 15 > 3x + 2 30) 4x + 15 < 3x + 22
31) 1
2 x−7≤4 32) 1
3 x−3≤2 33) 1
8 x+7≤2
34) 1
4 x + 15 > 12 35) 1
5 x − 6 > 10 36) 1
6 x + 3 > 10
37) 7 − 13 x ≤ 23 x − 3 38) 9 − 45 x > 15 x + 4 39) 12 − 83 x > 85 x + 7
40) 3(x + 2) > 12 41) 2(x + 8) > 12 42) 2(2x + 7) > 10
43) 2(2x + 4) ≤ −6 44) 2(3x + 2) ≤ 16 45) 2(4x + 4) ≤ 32
46) 3x − 5 > 2(x + 1) 47) 4x + 3 > 3(x + 4) 48) 9x − 3 > 3(2x + 5)
49) 4(x + 2) ≤ 2x + 20 50) 5(x − 7) ≥ 3x + 15 51) 6(x − 7) ≤ 3x + 18
©Sumbooks 1997 Page 31

Inequalities - Graphs

1)

5
The diagram shows the
graphs of y = 1--2- x , y = 4
4
and x = 3 . From the diagram
write down the co-ordinates
3 of a point (x,y) which satisfies
the inequalities y > 1--2- x , y < 4
2
and x > 3 .
1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2)
6
The diagram shows the
5
graphs of y = x + 1 ,
7y + 5x = 35 and x = 5 .
4
From the diagram write
3 down a point (x,y) which
satisfies the inequalities
2 y ≤ x + 1 , 7y + 5x > 35
and x ≤ 5 .
1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3) Using a scale of 0 to 8 on the x axis and 0 to 10 on the y axis, plot the following graphs;
y = x , x = 7 and y = 4 . Shade in the region which satisfies all the inequalities
y < x , x < 7 and y > 4 .
4) Using a scale of 0 to 9 on the x axis and 0 to 9 on the y axis, plot the following graphs;
y = x , y = 6 and 8x + 8y = 64 . Shade in the region which satisfies all the
inequalities y > x , y < 6 and 8x + 8y > 64 .
5) Using a scale of 0 to 8 on the x axis and 0 to 10 on the y axis, plot the following graphs;
y = 1--2- x , x = 2 and 8x + 5y = 40 . Shade in the region which satisfies all the
inequalities y > 1--2- x , x ≥ 2 and 8x + 5y < 40 .
6) Using a scale of 0 to 8 on the x axis and –6 to 6 on the y axis, plot the following graphs;
y = x – 3 , x = 6 and y = – x . Shade in the region which satisfies all the inequalities
y < x – 3 , x < 6 and y > – x .
Which of the following points lie within this region? (2,1), (4,–2), (5,2), (5,1)
7) Using a scale of 0 to 8 on the x axis and 0 to 8 on the y axis, plot the following graphs;
y = – 1--2- x + 3 , x = 1 and 7x + 6y = 42 . Shade in the region which satisfies all the
inequalities y ≥ – 1--2- x + 3 , x > 1 and 7x + 6y < 42 .
Which of the following points lie within this region? (2,4), (5,4), (3,3), (4,1).
©Sumbooks 1997 Page 32

Rearranging Formulae

Rearrange each of the following formulae to make its subject the letter indicated in the
brackets.

1) C = πD (D) 2) C = 2πr (r)

3) F = ma (m) 4) V = lbh (h)
6) V = 1--3- πr h
2
5) A = 1--2- bh (h) (h)
7) y = mx + c (c) 8) y = mx + c (m)
9) v = πr h 10) v = πr h
2 2
(h) (r)
11) C = 5--9- ( F – 32 ) (F) 12) y = 2--3- ( a + b ) (b)
2 2 2
13) v = 2gh (h) 14) v = u + 2as (s)
16) s = 1--2- ( u + v )t
2
15) s = ut + 1--2- at (a) (v)
2
17) N = 2π l (l) 18) X = 4lr (r)
( x – y)
2
2x + y
19) A = --------------- (x) 20) p = ------------------ (x)
3 6
2 2
Rx Dx
21) p = -------- (x) 22) C = --------- (y)
2y zy
x PTR
23) I = -- w (w) 24) I = ----------- (R)
y 100

26) A = π ( R – r )
2 2
25) C = d + t x (x) (R)

27) A = π ( R – r )
2 2 2
(r) 28) x = 2a + b (b)

C( x – c) a
29) a = -------------------- (b) 30) x = ------------ (b)
b a+b
©Sumbooks 1997 Page 33

Bearings
Exercise 1
Draw diagrams to show the following bearings.
1) A is N 30˚ E (030˚) from B
2) C is N 45˚ W (315˚) from D
3) G is S 27˚ E (153˚) from H
4) J is S 52˚ W (232˚) from K
5) L is N 43˚ W (317˚) from M
6) P is S 28˚ W (208˚) from Q
7) R is S 82˚ E (098˚) from T
8) U is N 76˚ E (076˚) from V

Exercise 2
By measuring these angles, write down the bearing of point P from point A in each case.
1) P 3) P
A N
N
2)

P A

S A
A N
4)

5)

P
P

S A

Exercise 3
1) If the bearing of A from B is N 36˚ W (324˚) what is the bearing of B from A?
2) If the bearing of C from D is S 54˚ W (234˚) what is the bearing of D from C?
3) A ship sails from point P on a bearing of N 35˚ E (035˚) for 6km until it reaches
point X. It then changes course onto a bearing of S 48˚ E (132˚) for a distance of
8km until it reaches point Y. Draw the ship’s path accurately using a scale of 1cm
to 1km. What is the bearing and distance of point Y from the port P?
4) An aeroplane flies from airport A on a bearing of S 22˚ W (202˚) for 75km until it
reaches point B. It then changes course onto a bearing of S 42˚ W (222˚) for a
distance of 80km until it reaches point C. Draw the aircraft’s path accurately using
a scale of 1cm to 10km. What is the bearing and distance of point C from the
airport A?
©Sumbooks 1997 Page 34

Parallel Lines

In each of the following diagrams find the sizes of the marked angles.

1) 2)
65˚ 57˚

d e
a
b c

3) 4)

g 53˚

f
42˚

5) 6)
71˚ l
h 80˚
43˚ i
87˚ j
k n m

7) 8)
p u
q v t
81˚ 84˚

r w s 144˚
68˚

9) 10)
x
42˚
124˚
β
α
132˚
y
z δ
Sumbooks 1997 Page 35
Nets and Isometric Drawing

1) Draw the net of a cube whose sides are 4cm.

2) Draw the net of this cuboid.

Also draw, on triangular dotty paper or isometric 2cm
paper, a cuboid whose volume is the same
as this one
6cm
4cm

6cm
3) The diagram below shows part of the net of a triangular prism.
Copy and complete the diagram. 4cm
On triangular dotty or isometric paper,
draw a diagram of the shape.
5cm

4) Draw the net of this triangular prism.

3cm

5cm 6cm

5) The diagram on the right shows part of the net of a square based
pyramid. Copy and complete the diagram. On triangular dotty 3cm
or isometric paper, sketch a diagram of the shape.

5cm

6) The diagram shows a square based pyramid.

Its base edges measure 3cm and its sloping
edges are 6cm. Draw the net of the shape.

7) The diagram shows part of the net of a rectangular based 5cm

pyramid. Copy and complete the diagram.
3cm
On triangular dotty or isometric paper, sketch a 5cm
diagram of the shape.
5cm

8) The diagr am shows a r ectangular based pyr amid.

Its base edges measur e 2.5cm and 4cm and its
sloping edges ar e each 5cm.
Dr aw the net of the shape.
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 36
Triangles

Calculate the sizes of each of the

marked angles
1) 2) 3)
o y
50
x
o
120
y
o o o x
20 30
55
x

4)
5)
o y
50 x o
50

o x
y 120
o
6) 71
x y o
153 z

o z
141
y
7) 8) 9)
y z x y

o x
43 o
x 63 z o
125

10)
x 11)
x

y
o y z
34
z A
o
37 x

y o 13) BC=AC
12) 30

o
34
x o y
70
B C
Sumbooks 1997 Page 37
Regular Polygons

Calculate the interior and exterior angles in each of the regular shapes in
questions 1 to 4.
1) A Hexagon
2) A Nonagon (9 sides)
3) A 12 sided figure
4) A 20 sided figure
5) B
z
ABCDE is a regular pentagon.
A C Line BF is a line of symmetry.
a) What is the size of angle x?
b) Calculate the sizes of angles y and z
x y
E D

F
6) A B
r
H C
ABCDEFGH is a regular octagon.
CG is a line of symmetry
s Calculate the sizes of angles p, q, r, s and t.
G q D
p t
F E

A
7)
w
G B

x
v
y C ABCDEFG is a regular heptagon. Three
F
lines of symmetry are shown. What are
the sizes of angles v, w, x, y and z?
z
E D

8) What is the order of rotational symmetry of a regular octagon?

9) Explain why a regular pentagon will not tessellate and a regular hexagon will.
10) How many lines of symmetry has a regular nonagon?
11) ABCDEFGHIJ is a regular 10 sided polygon (decagon) with centre O (where
the lines of symmetry cross). Calculate the sizes of the angles ABC and AOC.
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 38
Irregular Polygons

o o o
1) A quadrilateral has internal angles of 90 ,100 and 105 . What is the
size of the fourth angle? o o
o o o
2) A hexagon has angles of 100 ,110 ,115 ,130 , and 140 . What is the size
of the sixth angle? o
3) An octagon has six angles of 145 . If the remaining two angles are equal,
what is the size of each?
o
4) A heptagon has 6 angles each of 130 . What is the size of the other angle?
5) A decagon has 2 angles of the same size and a further 8 angles of twice the size.
What are the sizes of the angles?
x
6) What is the size of the angle x?
o
60
B C
7) This hexagon is symmetrical about the line
o o
AD. The angles at A and B are 140 and 110 . A
If the side BC is parallel to FE, and the angle D
at C is twice the angle at D, what are the sizes
of the other angles?
F E
A
o
8) The pentagon A,B,C,D,E has three angles of 90 .
E B
If the other two angles are equal, what are their size?

D C

9) In the diagram, the octagon has two lines

of symmetry. There are two different sizes
o
of angle in the shape. If one of them is 130 ,
what is the other?

10) The diagram shows the cross section of a steel bar.

It is symetrical about the line AB. If it has six interior
o
angles of 90o, and another angle of 160 , what are the
sizes of the other interior angles?

B
Sumbooks 1997 Page 39
Pythagoras' Theorem
1) Calculate the length of the hypotenuse in each of the following triangles
a) b) c) 6cm

12cm 11cm
8cm

9cm 6cm

2) Calculate the length of the side marked x in each of the following right angled
triangles.
a) b) c)
14.5cm 13cm
7cm 12cm x
x

x
6cm 6cm

3) 4) A Find the distance of

point T from the centre
6 cm 6 cm of the circle
3 cm
O T
4 cm
12 cm
Calculate the height of
this isosceles triangle B

5) 6) 20cm
Calculate the base
radius R of this cone
of height 5 cm and
7cm slant height of 7 cm
5cm 30cm

A kite has sides measuring 20cm

and 30cm with the small diagonal
R measuring 28cm. Find the length
of the longer diagonal

7) Calculate the length of the diagonal of a rectangle measuring 9cm by 12cm.

8) A rhombus has diagonals of 7cm and 4cm. Find the length of its sides.
9) A square has a side of 7cm. Find the length of its diagonals.
10) How far from the centre of a circle of radius 7cm is a chord of length 7cm
11) A ladder rests against a wall. The ladder is 5 metres long. The base of the ladder is
2m from the foot of the wall. How far up the wall will the ladder rest?
12) A ladder, 6 metres long, rests against the side of a house. The ladder reaches 5
metres up the side of the house. How far, to the nearest centimetre, is the bottom
of the ladder from the base of the house?
13) Calculate the length of the side of a square whose diagonal is 12 cm.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 40
Trigonometry
Exercise 1 (Use the sine ratio)
1) Calculate the length of the unknown side (x) in each of the following triangles.
a) b) c)
o o
63 72
8.4cm
x x
o 11cm
47 x
12.7cm

d) o e) o
27 13cm 79
x
9.7cm

2) Calculate the sizes of the unknown angles in each of the following triangles.

a) b) 8.4cm c) 7.5cm
17cm
12cm

11cm 12cm

d) e)
14cm
8.4cm
4cm
9cm

3) Calculate the length of the unknown side (x) in each of the following triangles

a) b) o c)
80
o
8.3cm 27
x
5.4cm x x

o
67
5.6cm

d) o e)
51
x
12.3cm 7.4cm
x
o
31
Sumbooks 1997 Page 41

Exercise 2 (Use the cosine ratio)

1) Calculate the length of the unknown side (x) in each of the following triangles.

a) b) c) x
o
5cm 70
o
36
x x 5.6cm
7.4cm
o
31

d) x e) o
o 12cm 62
25 x

6.5cm

2) Calculate the sizes of the unknown angles in each of the following triangles.

a) b) 7cm c)

4cm 7.3cm
10cm

3.6cm
6.2cm

d) 8.6cm e)
9.7cm

11cm
7.5cm

3) Calculate the length of the unknown side (x) in each of the following triangles

a) b) 7cm c)
o
x 63
3.6cm x
o o
x 72
41
5cm

d) 12.5cm e) 14.3cm
o o
36 29

x x
Sumbooks 1997 Page 42

Exercise 3 (Use the tangent ratio)

1) Calculate the length of the unknown side (x) in each of the following triangles.

a) b) 9.4cm
o
29
x
x
o
37
6.8cm

c) 5.3cm d) e) x
o
47

22.5cm
x x
o
39
o
73
17cm

2) Calculate the sizes of the unknown angles in each of the following triangles.

a) b) c)

11cm
17cm 22cm
12cm
10cm
16cm
d) 3cm
e) 15cm

5.5cm
11cm

3) Calculate the length of the unknown side (x) in each of the following
triangles.

a) 15cm b) c) 14cm

x x
o 21cm
42 o
o 18
63
x
x e)
d) o o
27 x 71
16cm
16.7cm
©Sumbooks 1997 Page 43

Mixed exercise (Use the sine, cosine or tangent ratios)

a) b)
x
Calculate the length
32˚
3.64cm of side x
x Calculate the length
17cm of side x
67˚

c) d)
x
4.32cm
4.56cm Calculate the length
Calculate the sizes
of the two unknown 47˚ of side x
angles
3.65cm
e) f)
4.32cm
7.95cm
3.62cm Calculate the sizes
of the two
6.41cm unknown angles
Calculate the sizes of the two
unknown angles
g)

A ladder rests against a wall. If the ladder is 5 metres long and its
base is 1.5 metres from the bottom of the wall, what angle does it
make with the wall?

h)
x A boat B is 62 metres from the
bottom of a cliff of height 21 metres.
21m Calculate the angle of depression, x,
of the boat from the top
B
of the cliff.
62m
i) A ladder, 4.5 metres long, rests against a wall at an angle of 21˚ to the wall. How far up
the wall does the ladder reach and how far is its base from the wall?

j) The angle between the diagonal and longest side of a rectangle is 34˚. If the longest side
measures 6cm, what is the length of the shortest side?

k) A swimming pool is 15 metres long. If its depth varies from 1 metre to 2.5 metres, at
what angle to the horizontal is its base?
 ©Sumbooks 1997 Page 44

Reflections, Rotations and Translations

1) The diagram shows a

y
triangle A,B,C. Copy
this diagram and show 4
the reflections; B
a) A',B',C' about the
x axis 2
b) A'', B'', C'' about the
A C
y axis.
6 x
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4

–2

–4

2) The diagram shows a y

rectangle A,B,C,D. Copy
4 A B
this diagram and show the
reflections;
a) A',B',C',D' about the
line x = 1 2 D C
b) A'',B'',C'',D'' about
the line y = 1.
6 x
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4

–2

–4

y
3) The diagram shows a shape
A,B,C,D,E. Copy this 4
diagram and show;
a) the reflection
A1,B1,C1,D1,E1 about the line 2
x = –1
b) the reflection
A2,B2,C2,D2,E2
6 x
about the line y = 0.5 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4
A B
 
c) The translation  6  E –2
 3
to A3,B3,C3,D3,E3. C
D
–4
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 45
y
4
A B
4) The diagram shows a
square A,B,C,D. Copy this 2
diagram and show the
reflections D C
a) A',B',C',D' about the
line y=x -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 x
b) A",B",C",D" about the
line y=–x
-2

-4

y
4

5) The diagram shows a A

rectangle A,B,C,D. Copy this 2
diagram and show the D
reflections
a) A',B',C',D' about the
x axis -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 x
b) A",B",C",D" about the B
y axis
-2 C

-4

6) The diagram shows a

triangle A,B,C,D. Copy this B
diagram and show the 2
reflections
a) A',B',C' about the
line y=x A
b) A",B",C" about the -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 x
line y=–x

C -2

-4
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 46

y
7) The diagram shows B
the triangle A,B,C. 4
Copy this diagram
and show the rotation
o
a) to A1,B1 ,C1 of 90
clockwise about (0,0) 2 A C
o
b) to A2,B 2,C 2 of 90
anticlockwise about (0,0)

Also show the translation –6

to A3,B3 ,C3 .
–6 () -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 x

-2

-4

y
8) The diagram shows A B
the rectangle A,B,C,D. 4
Copy this diagram
and show the rotation
o
a) to A',B',C',D' of 90
clockwise about (–1,2) 2 D C
o
b) to A",B",C",D" of 180
about (–1,2)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 x

-2

-4
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 47

9) The diagram shows

the hexagon A,B,C,D,E,F. 4
Copy this diagram and show;

a) the rotation to A B
A',B',C',D',E',F' of 90o 2
clockwise about (0,0)

A",B",C",D",F",G"
()
b) the translation –2
–3 to -6
F
-4 -2 0 2
C
4 6 x

E -2 D

-4

y
10) The diagram shows
the parallelogram A,B,C,D. A B 4
Copy this diagram
and show;

a) the rotation to A',B',C',D' 2

o
of 90 clockwise about (0,0)

A",B",C",D"
()
–4
b) the translation –4 to
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 x
D C
-2

-4
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 48
Enlargements

y
10
1) The diagram shows
a rectangle A,B,C,D.
Copy this diagram and 8
enlarge it by a scale
factor of 2 through
the point (0,0)
6

4 A B

2 D C

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x

10
2) The diagram shows
a triangle A,B,C.
Copy this diagram 8
and enlarge it by a
scale factor of 3
through the point (0,0)
6

4
A

C B
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 49

3) The diagram shows

a rectangle A,B,C,D. 4
Copy this diagram
and enlarge it by a
scale factor of 2 12 2
through the point (–4,–3)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 x
A B

-2

D C
-4

y
A
4) The diagram shows
a triangle A,B,C. 4
Copy this diagram
and 'enlarge' it by
a scale factor of 12
through the point (2,–3) 2

C B

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 x

-2

-4
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 50

Similar Shapes

A
D
7.2cm
4.4cm

C 11.4cm B F 7.6cm E

1) The two triangles above, ABC and DEF are similar.

(a) Which angle is equal to angle CAB?
(b) What is the scale factor between triangles ABC and DEF?
(c) Calculate the size of side DE.
(d) Calculate the size of side AC.

3.25m
2.25m
1.8m

2.4m

2) The diagrams above show the fronts of two similar garden sheds
(a) What is the ratio of the lengths of the smaller shed to the larger one?
(b) What is the width of the larger shed?
(c) What is the total height of the smaller shed?

3) In the diagram, AE is parallel to BD. A

(a) Which angle is equal to angle EAC? B
(b) Calculate the length of BD 2.7cm 2.8cm
(c) Calculate the length of AB

E 1.7cm D 3.4cm C

A 4.8cm B
4) In the diagram AB is parallel to DE o
35.4
(a) Which angle is equal to angle ACB? 2.8cm
(b) What is the ratio of the lengths
of triangle ABC to CDE? C
(c) Calculate the length of CE. 9cm
(d) Calculate the length of BC.
o
35.4
D E
12cm
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 51

Locus Problems

1) Plot the centre of this circle, with a diameter

of 4cm, as it rolls along the line to the right

2) Plot the locus of the centre of the circle, diameter 4cm,

as it rolls around the corner.

3) Plot the locus of the centre of the circle, diameter 4cm,

as it rolls around the corner.

4) Plot the locus of the centre of the circle, diameter 4cm,

as it rolls around the two corners.

5) A box, 4cm square, is turned about corner C until it moves A B

from position 1 to position 2. Plot the locus of corner D. Position Position
1 2 4cm

A B D C

6) Plot the path of corner D

as the box is pushed over 6cm
onto its side CB.

D 4cm C

7) Box ABCD, dimensions 3cm by 5cm, A B

is rolled over from position 1 to position 2 Position Pos'n Position
then position 3. 1 2 3
a) Which side is now on the bottom? D C
b) Plot the path of corner C.
 Sumbooks 1997 Page 52

8) A house has external dimensions of 16 metres by 10 metres.

It has security lights on each corner with detectors which
can recognise movement up to a distance of 8 metres. 10m
Using a scale of 1cm to represent 4 metres,
shade in the area in which it will detect movement.

16 metres
9) The entrance to a yachting marina is
through a gap in the breakwater. The
breakwater is 10 metres wide and the gap
is 20 metres. Yachts cannot go within Breakwater Breakwater
6 metres of the breakwater. Using a scale
of 1cm to represent 2 metres, shade in the
area around the breakwater within which yachts are not allowed.

10) A field is watered through a nozzle which moves

along a fixed rail 40 metres long. Water can reach
up to a distance of 10 metres from the nozzle.
Track
.
Nozzle

Using a scale of 1cm to represent 4 metres, draw

40 metres
a diagram to show the area which can be covered by the water.

11) The diagram shows the plan of a house and garden. A tree is to be planted which must be at least
10 metres from the house and 5 metres from the fences. It also has to be at least 6 metre from the
apple tree, located in the corner of the garden, 4 metres from each of the two fences. Using a scale of
1cm to represent 10 metres, copy this diagram and shade in the area in which the tree can be planted.

Fence
40m
.
Apple
16m
Fence tree Fence
Garden 20m
House 12m

Fence
. C
12) An aeroplane's course is determined by three radar
stations, A, B and C. C is 15km north of B, and A
is 12km west of B. An aeroplane must always be the
same distance from A and B until it is 10km from C 15km
when it turns due west. By construction, show the North
course of the aeroplane with respect to the three stations.
Use a scale of 1cm to represent 2km. How far from B is
the aeroplane when it alters course?
A
. 12km
. B
Sumbooks 1997 Page 53
Degree of Accuracy
Exercise 1.
1) Round off each of the following numbers to the accuracy stated.
(a) 4321 to the nearest thousand. (b) 5226 to the nearest hundred.
(c) 457 to the nearest ten. (d) 784 to the nearest hundred.
(e) 14640 to the nearest thousand. (f) 23457 to the nearest thousand.
2) Round off the number 23297.
(a) to the nearest ten. (b) to the nearest hundred.
(c) to the nearest thousand. (d) to the nearest ten thousand.
3) Which of these numbers can be rounded off to 25000?
(a) 25432 (b) 24953 (c) 24436 (d) 25537
(e) 25500 (f) 25499 (g) 24500 (h) 24499
4) State the limits between which the following whole numbers lie. Each has been
rounded off in the way shown in the brackets.
(a) 1300 (to the nearest 100) (b) 2500 (to the nearest 100)
(c) 4200 (to the nearest 100) (d) 23000 (to the nearest 1000)
(e) 70000 (to the nearest 10000) (f) 7000 (to the nearest 1000)
(g) 205000 (to the nearest 1000) (h) 240 (to the nearest 10)
(i) 750 (to the nearest 10) (j) 1350 (to the nearest 10)

Exercise 2.
Copy these diagrams into your book and fill in the blanks with either a number, < or ≤.
1)

120 120.5 121 ?

A length of 121 cms to the nearest centimetre
120.5 ≤ Length < ....
2)
129 129.5 130 130.5 131
A length of 130 cms to the nearest centimetre
129.5 .... Length .... 130.5
3)

? 19.3 19.35 19.4

A time of 19.3 seconds, to the nearest 0.1 second.
.... ≤ time .... 19.35
4)

7.81 ? 7.82 ? 7.83

A mass of 7.82 Kg to 2 decimal places
.... ≤ Mass < ....
5)

2.6 2.605 2.61 2.615 2.62

A capacity of 2.61 litres correct to 2 d.p.
2.605 .... capacity .... 2.615

Exercise 3.
Each of these values has been rounded off to to the last figure shown.Write down the
limits they lie within.
1) 9.4 seconds 2) 62.3 mm 3) 19.5 kg 4) 27.6 kilometres
5) 19.62 metres 6) 25.64 seconds 7) 16 mg 8) 17.3 litres
9) 37.3 centimetres 10) 6.48 tonnes 11) 9.34 ml 12) 1.33 seconds
Sumbooks 1997 Page 54
Circumference of a Circle.

In each of the following questions use π = 3.142 or use the π button on your
calculator.

Exercise 1
Calculate the circumference of each of the following circles
1) Radius 4cm 2) Radius 6cm 3) Radius 10cm
4) Radius 18 metres 5) Radius 8 metres 6) Radius 7 metres
7) Diameter 12cm 8) Diameter 16cm 9) Diameter 24cm
10) Diameter 2.3m 11) Diameter 17m 12) Diameter 23m

Exercise 2
Calculate the diameters of circles with the following circumferences (correct to 4
significant figures)
1) 20cms 2) 105 cms 3) 2.3metres
4) 15metres 5) 256cms 6) 176metres

Exercise 3
1) A car wheel has a diameter of 50cm. How far will the car travel if the wheel turns 5
times?
2) If the same car wheel turns 500 times, find the distance travelled correct to the
nearest metre.
3) A hose pipe is stored by winding it around a drum of diameter 70cms. If it makes
12 turns, how long is the hose correct to the nearest metre?
4) A car has a wheel diameter of 55cms. How many revolutions does it make while
travelling a distance of 1 kilometre? (give your answer correct to the nearest whole
number)
5) A length of cotton measuring 2 metres is wound around a cotton reel of diameter
3cms. How many turns does it make?(correct to the nearest turn)
6) A bicycle wheel has a diameter of 65cms. How many turns will it make while
travelling a distance of 2km?
7) Another bicycle travels 2km and its wheels each turn 1157 times. Calculate the
diameter of its wheels, correct to the nearest cm.
8) A pulley wheel, of diameter 1.3 metres, raises a lift in a hotel from the ground floor
to the 9th floor. In doing so it makes 9 complete turns. What is the distance, correct
to the nearest centimetre, between each floor?.
9) An artificial lake is in the shape of a circle of diameter 200 metres and has a path
running around it. It is planned to hold a 10 kilometre race around the lake. How
far apart, to the nearest metre, must the start and finish be?
©Sumbooks 1997 Page 55

Area and Perimeter

1) Calculate the areas and perimeters of rectangles measuring;

a) 3cm by 3cm b) 6cm by 8cm c) 9cm by 3.4cm
d) 8.4cm by 9.3cm e) 1.2 metres by 80cm f) 160cm by 0.9 metres.

2) Calculate the areas of the following shapes;

a) b)
8cm 4.8cm

12cm 13.3cm
c) d)
7cm

8cm 9cm

15cm
10cm
3) Calculate the areas of the following circles. Use π = 3.142 or the π button on your
calculator. Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place.
a) Radius 3cm b) Radius 7.5cm c) Radius 19cm
d) Diameter 7cm e) Diameter 3.6cm f) Diameter 17.4cm

4) Calculate the areas of the shaded parts of each of the following shapes.
a) b) c)
6cm 8cm

4cm
3cm 8cm
3cm 7cm
4cm

6cm 6cm
d) e) f)
10cm

17cm 14cm 7cm

8cm 10cm 20cm
6cm
12cm
14cm
13cm
5) How many 30cm square tiles are needed to cover the floor of a room measuring 3
metres by 4 1--2- metres?

6) A lawn is in the shape of a quarter circle. If its radius is 8 metres, calculate its area and
perimeter.
©Sumbooks 1997 Page 56
Volume
Exercise 1
Change;
1) 2cm3 into mm3 2) 0.003cm3 into mm3
3) 3.4m3 into cm3 4) 0.015m3 into cm3
5) 550,000 mm3 into cm3 6) 1,200,000 cm3 into m3
7) 0.5m3 into litres 8) 53,000 ml into litres
9) 28 litres into ml 10) 0.003 litres into ml.

Exercise 2
1) A cardboard box is in the shape of a cuboid measuring 6cm by 12cm by 15cm.
Calculate its volume.
2) A large cardboard box has internal base dimensions of 80cm by 50cm and a height
of 60cm. It is to be packed with smaller boxes measuring 10cm by 12cm by 16cm.
How many boxes can be put on the bottom layer and how many of these layers can
be put in altogether?
3) A trench 0.7m wide by 1.2m deep and 20 metres long is dug on a building site.
Calculate the amount of earth removed.
4) A cylindrical drinks can has a base of 7cm and a height of 10cm. Calculate;
a) its volume in cm3 and b) its capacity correct to the nearest ml.
5) A water tank, in the shape of an open cuboid, has a base measuring 50cm by 60cm
and a height of 30cm. How many litres of water will it hold?
6) A circular pond of 4m diameter and 25cm depth is filled with water. How many
litres are needed?
7) A rolling pin is made from 3 pieces of wood as shown below. The thicker piece is
5cm in diameter and 35cm long. The two end pieces are each 2.3cm in diameter
and 10cm long. If 1cm3 of this wood weighs 0.75g, find its total weight.

8) A beaker is in the shape of a cylinder with a base diameter of 5cm and a height of
9cm. How many times can the beaker be completely filled from a jug holding
2 litres?
9) A metal tube has an outside diameter of 1.5cm and a thickness of 4mm. If its
length is 5m, calculate the volume of metal it contains to the nearest cm3.
10) An open tank, in the form of a cuboid, can hold 400 litres of water. If its base has
dimensions of 50cm by 80cm, what is its height?
11) A water tank, in the shape of an open cuboid, has a base measuring 50cm by 70cm
and a height of 30cm. It has water in it to a depth of 20cm. A metal cube of sides
12cm is lowered into the water. By how much will the water rise?
12) A swimming pool is 0.8m deep at the shallow end and 2m deep at the other end.
If its length is 25m and its width is 10m, calculate its capacity in litres.

25m
0.8m
2m

10m
Sumbooks 1997 Page 57
Compound Measure
Exercise 1. Speed
1) A car travels at the following speeds (a) 40 mph (b) 30 mph (c) 60 mph
In each case say how far the car travels in
1 1
(i) 2 hour (ii) 2 hours (iii) 4 hour
2) A train travels from Chester to London, a distance of 200 miles.
It travels at a speed of 80 mph.
(a) How far does it travel in 2 hours?
(b) How far does it travel in 12 hour?
(c) How long will it take to travel from Chester to London?
3) (a) A train travels between two towns, A and B. Its average speed is 60mph.
The train takes 121 hours. How far apart are the towns?
(b) Another train makes the same journey. This train takes 2 hours.
What is its average speed?
4) Jane travels to London down the motorway. She travels the first 75 miles at an
average speed of 50 mph. She then travels the remaining 20 miles at an average
speed of 40 mph. How long did her journey take?
5) A car travels at an average speed of 60 miles per hour down the motorway.
How far will the car travel in
(a) 15 minutes
(b) 1 hour 10 minutes

Exercise 2. Density
1) These cubes measure 1cm by 1cm by 1cm.

Their volumes are each 1cm3 .

The weight of each black cube in 4g.
The weight of each white cube is 2g.
Calculate the average weight of
(a) 2 black and 2 white
(b) 3 black and 5 white
2) Red centimetre cubes weigh 3g and Blue centimetre cubes weigh 5g. Find an
arrangement of cubes which give an average density of 3.5g per cm 3 .
3) Using red and blue cubes find an arrangement with an average density of
4.5g per cm3 .
4) Can you list other arrangements of blue and red cubes which give an average
density of 4.5g per cm3 ?
5) Black cubes weigh 6 gram and white cubes weigh 2 grams.
(a)

A black cube and a white cube are put together. What is their average
density?
(b) If one black cube and 3 white cubes are put together, what is their average
density?
Sumbooks 1997 Page 58

Exercise 3. Finding the best buy

Calculate which of the following sizes give the best buy.

1) Toothpaste costing 85p for a 75ml tube,

£1.15 for a 125ml tube
£1.90 for a 200ml tube

2) Shampoo costing 50p for a 250ml bottle

95p for a 500ml bottle
140p for a 800ml bottle

3) Baked beans costing 18p for a 250g tin

25p for a 450g tin
36p for a 700g tin

4) Paint costing £2.50 for a 1 litre tin

£5.25 for a 241 litre tin
£7.95 for a 4 litre tin

5) Oil paint is sold in 3 different sizes.

A 75ml tube costs £1.20.
A 150ml tube costs £2.10.
A 200ml tube costs £3.10.

Exercise 4. Mixed
1) Decide which one of the following pairs of cars is the most economical.
(a) Car A travels 180 miles and uses 11 litres of petrol.
Car B travels 120 miles and uses 7 litres of petrol.
(b) Car C travels 160 miles and uses 9 litres of petrol.
Car D travels 96 miles and uses 5 litres of petrol.

2) Sally has to paint the ceilings of her house. She needs to give each
two coats and the total area of the 8 ceilings is 110 square metres.
The 1 litre of paint will cover 12m2 .
1
If she can buy the paint in 5 litre and 22 litre tins, how much paint will she buy?

3) David plans to spread "lawn care" over his lawn. The instructions say that it has
to be used at the rate of 114 ounces per square yard. His lawn is in the shape of a
rectangle measuring 10 yards by 8 yards.
How much "lawn care" will he have to buy if it is sold in 2lb packets?
(Note 16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound (1lb))

4) Jane needs to paint the walls in her bedroom. The room measures 4m by 3m and
is 212 metres high. However 3m2 is taken up by the door and a window. Paint is
sold in 5 litre and 2 litre cans and it will cover the walls at a rate of 11m2 per
litre. She gives the walls 2 coats of paint. How many cans of paint will she have
to buy?
©Sumbooks 1997 Page 59

Formulae for Area, Volume and Perimeter

Exercise 1
With each of the following shapes a number of formulae are given.
Decide which formula best satisfies the situation given.

1) Which formula could be used to find (a) the area (b) the perimeter?
w
(i) wx + 3y + 4z (ii) wxy + yz – 3x
x
(iii) wx + wz – 2yz (iv) x ( w – y ) + 2z
y (v) 2w + 2x + z (vi) w + x + y + z
2
z

2) Which formula could be used to find (a) the area (b) the perimeter?

(i) 1--4- πr + 2x + 5--2- y (ii) 1--4- πr + 3x + 4y

2 2

r
x
(iii) 1--2- πr + 2x + y + 3--4- y (iv) 1--2- ( πr + 4x + 3y )
2

y
(v) 1--4- πr + 1.2xy (vi) 2--5- πr + 3x + xy
2

x
3) Which formula could be used to find (a) the volume (b) the surface area?
2 2
(i) 2--3- h w (ii) 2--3- h + w
2 2
(iii) 2--3- h + w (iv) 2--3- h + 3hw
h
(v) 2--3- h + 3hw (vi) 2--3- h + hw + w
w

4) Which formula could be used to find (a) the area (b) the perimeter?

(i) 6 ( h + w ) – 2hw
2
(ii) 2--3- h + 4w
w
h (iv) 1--2- π ( h + w )
2
(iii) 3h + 3w

(v) 2--3- π ( h + w ) – 4h (vi) 2--3- ( h + w )

2 2 2 2

5) In this bottle shape, which formula could be used to find (a) the volume
(b) the surface area?

(i) 5--7- πxy – 7y (ii) 1--2- πxy

2 2

y (iii) 5--6- πx – xy
2 2
(iv) 3--2- πx – 16y
3 2

12 πx y
1 2 2
(v) -----
- (vi) 5--8- x y – 4xy

x
©Sumbooks 1997 Page 60

Exercise 2

Which of the following formulae could represent (a) area, (b) volume and (c) perimeter?
The letters a, b, c, d, x and y are dimensions measured in centimetres.
2 2
1) ab + cd 2) a + b + cd
3) a + x + y 4) ab + 2xy
5) πa + b
2 2 2
6) 3x + ab + c
7) axy + 3bac 8) 5ax + πa + 3c
9) 3 ( x + y ) 10) 1--2- ( 7x + 14y – ax )
11) 7xy + πab 12) 3xy – πy
13) 3 ( xy + 2x ) 14) π ( a – b )
2 2 2 2

3 ( ax + b ) 5(a + b )
2 2 2 2
15) --------------------------- 16) ------------------------
2 6
17) 5x + 7y – 1--3- ab 18) 17x + 2--3- a – 3b
2 2 2 3 2
17x – 3x a – 4ax 12x – 3x y
19) ---------------------------------------------- 20) ----------------------------
7 2
Sumbooks 1997 Page 61
Questionnaires
1) A large company want to build a supermarket in the town. Paul designs a
questionnaire to find out whether local residents want it and if so whether they
will use it. Write down two questions he might use, each question having a
choice of 3 responses.

2) Bill is keen to have a wine bar in the main street. He wants to find out what local
residents think. In order to get an unbiased response, he chooses two of the
following groups of people to ask.
(a) the youth club
(b) the old peoples home
(c) the local supermarket
(d) the residents of the high street
(e) the residents of a local housing estate
Which groups do you think he should choose and why?

3) The local council decide to pedestrianise the centre of town (i.e. stop all vehicles
using it). They decide to ask the traders in the town centre their opinion and no
one else. Is this a good idea? Explain your answer.

4) The school committee decide that the tuck shop is to sell vegetarian snacks. The
snacks they want are a) fruit b) yoghurt c) oatmeal biscuits d) nuts and
e) wholemeal sandwiches.
Devise a questionnaire in which they can determine the snacks pupils like best.

5) A new burger restaurant is to be opened near to Claire's school. Lots of the local
people have said that they don't want it. Claire thinks that most people do want it
to be opened so she writes a questionnaire to get the necessary evidence.
She decides to give out the questionnaire to members of year 11.
(a) Why is this not a good idea?
(b) Which of the following groups of people would give the least biased replies?
Say why.
(i) Members of the youth club
(ii) Customers leaving the local supermarket
(iii) Members of the local golf club
(iv) The people living next to the school

6) The manager of a D.I.Y. store wants her staff to wear a new uniform. She thinks
that they should all wear green tops and either a black skirt or trousers. The deputy
manager thinks that they would prefer a red top and jeans. The manager designs
this questionnaire for the staff

I think that it is a good idea

to have green tops and either a black
skirt or trousers as our new uniform.
Please indicate whether you agree with me
by ticking the appropriate box below.

Agree

Disagree

Do you think that this is a good questionaire? Make comments.

Sumbooks 1997 Page 62
Pie Charts.

1) A class of 36 pupils were asked how they normally came to school. 15 said they
came by bus, 10 walked, 8 came by car and 3 by bicycle.
Draw a pie chart to show this information by first calculating
a) the number of degrees representing 1 pupil and hence
b) the number of degrees representing each of the groups.

2) The number of people, correct to the nearest 100, who voted at the local election
were as follow
Conservative 600 Labour 400 Liberal Democrat 700
Independant 500 Green party 200
Draw a pie chart to show this.

3) A town council wants to make its transport system more efficient. As a first step
they interviewed a sample of 900 people. They were asked how they got into town.
Their results were as follows.
Train 50 Bus 250 Car 400
Bicycle 50 Walked 150
Show this information on a pie chart.

4) The United Kingdom is made up of the following approximate areas, measured in

millions of hectares
England 12.5 Wales 2
Scotland 8 Northern Ireland 1.5
Show this information on a pie chart.

5) David earns £90 a week. His expenses each week are as follows
Lodging/Food £40 Clothes £10 Entertainment £15
Bus fares £12 Savings £5 Other £8
Show this information on a pie chart
o
6) 15
o
30 Oak
The pie chart shows the
Ash composition of a mixed
Horse
Chestnut woodland area. Altogether
Birch o there are 2,160 trees.
o
45 120 Calculate
o
60 90o a) how many trees oare
Beech represented by 1
Sycamore b) how many trees there
are of each type.

7) The table below shows the number of visitors to Dibchester castle in

1996.
Spring Summer Autumn Winter
700 1300 800 200

Construct a pie chart to show this information. Write down

a) the number of degrees representing 100 people
b) the number of degrees representing each season.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 63
Frequency Polygons
Exercise 1
Construct a frequency polygon from each of the following sets of data.

1) This table shows the heights of 20 tomato plants.

Height of tomato plant 89cm 90cm 91cm 92cm 93cm
Frequency 2 4 5 6 3

2) This table shows the number of goals scored per game in the English football
league during one particular week.
Number of goals scored 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency 3 8 10 7 7 5 4 2

3) A milkman delivers milk to 400 houses on his morning round. The table shows
the number of bottles the households take.
No of bottles 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency 72 95 105 70 30 18 10

4) A firm makes egg timers, which are supposed to run for exactly 4 minutes. A
sample of 100 were tested and the times they gave were as follows.
Time (secs) 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243
Frequency 4 8 12 18 30 15 10 3

Exercise 2
Construct a frequency polygon from each of the following sets of grouped data.
In each case make a list of the mid value of each group first (as in question 1).

1) The scores of 200 students in an examination were as follows.

Mark 0- 11- 21- 31- 41- 51- 61- 71- 81- 91-
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Frequency 2 7 9 21 53 67 25 8 6 2
Mid value 5 15.5 25.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 95.5

2) This table shows the marks gained by 100 students in an examination.

Mark 0- 11- 21- 31- 41- 51- 61- 71- 81- 91-
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Frequency 0 4 6 15 21 28 14 7 5 0

3) This table shows the heights of 100 college students in a class (to the nearest cm).
Height (cm) 141- 146- 151- 156- 161- 166- 171- 176- 181-
144 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
Frequency 7 10 16 15 10 18 13 8 3
Why do you think that this polygon has two peaks?

4) This table shows the times at which 600 pupils arrived at school.
Time 8.10- 8.20- 8.30- 8.40- 8.50- 9.00- 9.10-
8.20 8.30 8.40 8.50 9.00 9.10 9.20
Number 10 46 110 295 75 54 10
From the polygon decide at which time you think that school starts.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 64

Exercise 3
1) The following tables show the average monthly rainfall and temperature at two
holiday destinations.
Destination A
Month J F M A M J J A S O N D
Temp C o 9 10 15 17 20 25 28 31 25 21 14 11
Rainfall cm 5.2 4.0 3.6 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.9 4.1 8.3 6.2

Destination B
Month J F M A M J J A S O N D
Temp Co 27 30 32 26 23 17 13 11 12 17 20 23
Rainfall cm 3.2 4.4 5.7 6.3 7.2 8.0 6.4 6.2 5.0 4.1 3.5 3.1
a) Draw a frequency polygon showing the temperatures at both destinations. Show
both polygons on the same diagram.
(i) Which destination is in Australia and which is in Europe?
(ii) Give reasons for your choice.
(iii) In which months of the year are the temperatures about the same?
b) Draw a frequency polygon to show the rainfall at both destinations.
Choose the best month to go on holiday, for each destination. Explain why you
made your choices.

2) The following table shows the amount of profit made by a company during 1991
and 1992 (in millions of pounds)
Year J F M A M J J O S O N D
1991 5.4 5.3 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.5 4.0 3.9
1992 3.7 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.7 2.5
a) Draw a frequency polygon showing the profits for both years. Show them both on
the same diagram. Plot the profit vertically and the twelve months of the year
horizontally.
b) From the diagram, make comments on
(i) The profit in 1992 compared with 1991
(ii) The trend at the end of 1992 (i.e. are profits still going down or are they picking
up?) Explain your answer.
(iii) predict what the profits will be for the first three months of 1993.

3) Devonham High School are allowed to enter one person for each event in the
annual county games. The three best athletes in the 100 metres are Brian, Mike and
John. At the last ten races in which they ran against each other, their times (in
seconds) were
Brian 12.3 12.2 12.4 12.3 12.4 12.2 12.2 12.4 12.3 12.4
Mike 12.2 12.7 12.9 12.1 12.0 12.7 12.9 12.8 12.1 12.7
John 12.9 12.9 12.8 12.7 12.6 12.5 12.4 12.3 12.3 12.2
Draw the three frequency polygons on one diagram, using a different colour for
each.
Use a scale of 1cm between each of the races on the horizontal axis and 1cm to
represent 0.1sec on the vertical axis. Begin your vertical scale at 12 secs.
From the diagram decide who is to represent the school.
Explain why you chose that person.

4) The table below shows the profits made by two companies during 1992.
Month J F M A M J J A S O N D
Company A 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.5 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.0 3.7 3.9
Company B 4.2 4.1 3.5 3.2 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.4
Draw a frequency polygon showing the profits for both companies. Show both
polygons on the same diagram. Compare the two graphs and make comments
Sumbooks 1997 Page 65
Mean, Median, Mode and Range
Exercise 1
In each of the following, put the data into a frequency table and write down the mode
and range.

1. 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 1, 1, 4, 4, 3, 5, 2, 3
2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 5, 4, 5, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6

2. 1, 4, 7, 4, 3, 8, 0, 0, 1, 8, 2, 9, 2, 6, 0, 8
2, 0, 6, 2, 8, 1, 9, 0, 3, 7, 1, 0, 7, 5, 1, 9
8, 3, 2, 6, 2, 6, 0, 2, 5, 2, 8, 7, 3, 0, 1, 2

3. 13, 14, 17, 14, 15, 14, 17, 14, 13

16, 15, 13, 16, 17, 15, 13, 16, 17
17, 16, 14, 15, 13, 17, 14, 16, 16
15, 15, 15, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 13
15, 16, 13, 15, 14, 16, 14, 17, 15

Exercise 2.
Find the median and range of each of the following sets of data.

1. 8, 7, 4, 10, 1, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 3, 4, 8, 7 10, 4, 9, 5, 3, 2, 7

2. 9, 9, 7, 6, 7, 4, 3, 2, 3, 7, 7, 6, 5, 7, 5, 8

3. 70, 72, 30, 74, 80, 83, 36, 50, 38, 85

92, 50, 70, 68, 17, 48, 77, 72, 60, 74
14, 75, 83, 65, 33, 52, 46, 34, 32, 37

Exercise 3.
Calculate the mean of each of the following sets of data, giving your answer correct to
four significant figures wherever necessary.

1. 4cm, 7cm, 8cm, 5cm, 4cm, 3cm, 2cm, 9cm, 8cm, 6cm
2. 21 grams, 40 grams, 8 grams, 73 grams, 68 grams
3. 6 metres, 4m, 3m, 8m, 5m, 6m, 4m, 7m, 2m, 5m
4. 13, 16, 20, 24, 27, 29, 33
5. 221, 352, 234, 421, 301, 383
6. 2.6, 1.9, 2.7, 2.1, 3.2, 3.0
7. 4312 , 4712, 3912, 3412
8. 179, 111, 152, 233, 244, 221
9. 141, 126, 117, 64, 72, 65, 85, 120, 141, 132
10. 41, 85, 72, 17, 41, 16, 54, 55, 10

Exercise 4.
In each of the following give the answer correct to four significant figures wherever
necessary.

1. The mean of six numbers is 25.5 and the mean of a further seven numbers is
23. What is the mean of all thirteen numbers combined?

2. The mean weight of six people is 83kg. If three more people, weighing
93kg, 107kg and 78kg join them, what is their new mean weight?

3. The mean weight of six people in a lift is 90kg. If the maximum total
weight allowable in the lift is 1 tonne, aproximately how many more
people will be allowed in?
Sumbooks 1997 Page 66

Mean (1)

1. Find the average speed of a car which travels 94 miles in 3 hours, then 58
miles in 2 hours and finally 87 miles in 2 hours.

2. The car in question 1 returns home in 6 hours. What is the average speed for
the complete journey?

3. A batsman scores 73, 47, 52, 83, 24, 19 and 7 in 7 innings. What is his batting
average?

4. The cricketer in question 3 scored 0 (zero) in his eighth innings. What was his
new batting average?

5. A car makes the following journeys.

23 miles in city traffic using 11 gallons of petrol, 86 miles on the motorway
2
using 2 gallons of petrol and 93 miles on country roads using 3 gallons of
petrol. Calculate the average fuel consumption of the car in miles per gallon.

6. A cricketer has a batting average of 37 runs per innings over 7 innings. During
his next three innings he scores 16, 27 and 0. What is his new batting average?

7. A certain type of vegetable is classed as grade 1, grade 2 or grade 3. Grade 1

have an average weight of less than 50 grams, Grade 2 from 50 grams to 100
grams and Grade 3 more than 100 grams. What grade are the following
(a) A bag weighing 2kg containing 35 vegetables.
(b) A bag weighing 5 kg containing 45 vegetables.
1
(c) A bag weighing 22 kg containing 65 vegetables.
If the three bags are mixed together,what grade would they be sold as?

8. Sarah keeps records of how much petrol her car uses. She finds that after
servicing the car she gets a better fuel consumption. These are her figures for
last year.

Month Speedometer reading Petrol used

(miles)
Beginning End Litres

January 23247 23407 15

February 23407 23577 16
March 23577 23745 16
April 23745 23902 15
May 23902 24091 18
June 24091 24234 14
July 24234 24426 19
August 24426 26390 194
September 26390 26543 15
October 26543 26684 13
November 26684 26855 16
December 26855 27014 15

Calculate her average fuel consumption for each month (in miles per litre)
Use these figures to determine in which month she had the car serviced
Sumbooks 1997 Page 67

Mean (2)

Find the mean value for each of the following sets of frequencies, correct to 4
significant figures.

1. The number of children in the families of pupils in a class.

No. of children frequency

in a family
1 7
2 13
3 5
4 2
5 1
7 1

2. The number of absentees from a class during a period of 60 days.

No. of absentees frequency

(days absent)
0 9
1 12
2 15
3 11
4 6
5 4
6 2
7 1

3. The number of broken glasses found when 1500 boxes, each containing 6
glasses were opened.

No. of broken glasses frequency

0 1337
1 76
2 49
3 21
4 10
5 6
6 1

4) Tubes of sweets each contain 24 sweets. The number of red sweets were
counted in a sample of 100 packets.

Number of red sweets frequency

(number of packets)
3 5
4 12
5 33
6 23
7 18
8 9
Sumbooks 1997 Page 68

Mean (3)-diagrams

1) The goals scored by 120 48

44
teams on a Saturday are 40
36
shown below in the diagram. 32

Frequency
28
Calculate the mean number 24
20
of goals scored. 16
12
8
4
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Goals scored per match

2) The diagram shows the 22

20
marks obtained by year 10 in 18
16
an examination. Calculate
Frequency

14
12
the mean mark.
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of students

3) Jane carries out a survey to 35

30
find the number of brothers 25
Frequency

and sisters year 8 pupils have. 20

15
The results are shown in the 10
5
diagram. 0
Calculate the mean number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Numbers of brothers and sisters
they have.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 69

Mean (4)-Frequency distributions with class intervals

By first finding the mid value of each class interval, calculate an approximate mean
for each of the tables of values shown below. State also the modal class in each case.

1. This table shows the heights of a sample of pupils in a school.

Height of child(cm) Frequency
120 < h ≤ 130 2
130 < h ≤ 140 5
140 < h ≤ 150 23
150 < h ≤ 160 55
160 < h ≤ 170 27
170 < h ≤ 180 14
Give your answer correct to the nearest millimetre.

2. This table shows the weights, in grammes, of 5kg bags of potatoes.

Weight of bag Frequency
5000 < w ≤ 5010 76
5010 < w ≤ 5020 54
5020 < w ≤ 5030 48
5030 < w ≤ 5040 12
5040 < w ≤ 5050 7
5050 < w ≤ 5060 3
Give your answer correct to the nearest gramme.

3. This table shows the weekly wage for employees in a factory.

Wage Frequency
40 < £ ≤ 80 7
80 < £ ≤ 120 16
120 < £ ≤ 160 23
160 < £ ≤ 200 27
200 < £ ≤ 240 31
240 < £ ≤ 280 43
280 < £ ≤ 320 45
320 < £ ≤ 360 12
Give your answer correct to the nearest penny.

4. The life, in hours, of batteries tested by a manufacturer.

Life (hours) Frequency
10 < h ≤ 15 2
15 < h ≤ 20 9
20 < h ≤ 25 27
25 < h ≤ 30 43
30 < h ≤ 35 33
35 < h ≤ 40 19
40 < h ≤ 45 6
Give your answer correct to the nearest minute.

5. This table shows the heights of tomato plants ranging from 39 cms to 46 cms.
Height of plant Frequency
39 < h ≤ 40 4
40 < h ≤ 41 10
41 < h ≤ 42 14
42 < h ≤ 43 17
43 < h ≤ 44 10
44 < h ≤ 45 5
45 < h ≤ 46 2
Give your answers correct to the nearest millimetre.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 70

Mean (5)-Histograms

1) The frequency table below shows the heights of 86 plants.

(a) Draw a histogram of the information.
(b) By using the mid-value for each class interval, calculate an approximate value for
the mean height of the plants.

Height of plant Frequency

(centimetres)
10 ≤ h < 11 2
11 ≤ h < 12 7
12 ≤ h < 13 15
13 ≤ h < 14 25
14 ≤ h < 15 21
15 ≤ h < 16 16

18
16
2) This histogram shows the 14
Frequency

12
weights of 81 students within 10
8
the range 40 to 130kg. 6
4
2
Calculate the mean weight. 0
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Weight in kg

24
3) This histogram shows the 20
Frequency

16
percentage marks scored by a
12
group of 124 students in an 8
examination. 4
Calculate the mean mark. 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage mark

32
28
4) Bill does a survey of 100
24
Frequency

school children in year 7. He 20

16
measures their height and 12
8
plots them as a histogram. 4
0
Calculate an approximate 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155
value for their mean height Height (cm)
Sumbooks 1997 Page 71

Cumulative Frequency

1) The table below shows the frequency distribution of the weekly wages
for employees in a factory.

Wages (£w) 0<w≤80 80<w≤100 100<w≤130 130<w≤150 150<w≤180

Frequency 7 15 41 20 7

a) Complete this cumulative frequency table.

Wage £80 £100 £130

Cumulative frequency 7 22

b) Draw the cumulative frequency graph

c) From the graph estimate
(i) the median wage (ii) the interquartile range (iii) the approximate
number of employees who earn more than £120 per week.

2)

40
35
30
Frequency

25
20
15
10
5
0
60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Height of plants(cm)
This diagram shows the heights of 110 plants.

a) Use the diagram to complete the table below.

frequency Cumulative frequency

60 cm < height ≤ 65 cm 15 15
65 cm < height ≤ 70 cm 26
70 cm < height ≤ 75 cm 36
75 cm < height ≤ 80 cm
80 cm < height ≤ 85 cm
85 cm < height < 90 cm

b) From the table above, draw the cumulative frequency diagram.

c) From the cumulative frequency diagram estimate (i) the median
(ii) the number of plants whose height is less than 81 cms.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 72

3) Nina carries out a survey of the speeds of vehicles passing a certain point on a
motorway. Her results are shown in the table below.

Speed(m.p.h) Frequency Cumulative frequency

20 < speed ≤ 30 3
30 < speed ≤ 40 26
40 < speed ≤ 50 41
50 < speed ≤ 60 48
60 < speed ≤ 70 37
70 < speed ≤ 80 26
80 < speed ≤ 90 5

(a) Copy and complete the table for the cumulative frequency.
(b) Draw the cumulative frequency graph.
(c) From the graph estimate (i) the median speed (ii) the approximate number
of cars whose speed is below 75mph

4) Batteries are tested by using them in an electric toy and recording the length of
time the toy operates before the battery fails. The results of 50 batteries are
shown below

Time (t hours) 9 < t ≤ 11 11 < t ≤ 13 13 < t ≤ 15 15 < t ≤ 17 17 < t ≤ 19

Frequency 4 10 19 14 3

(a) From the data draw a cumulative frequency graph.

(b) From the graph, estimate (i) the median life of a battery
(ii) the interquartile range.
If the battery company guarantee that their batteries last longer than 12 hours,
approximately what percentage of their batteries don't meet this criteria?

5) The table below shows the runs scored by batsmen in a cricket team.

Runs scored 1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100

Frequency 10 22 36 14 2

a) Complete this cumulative frequency table

Runs 20 40 60
Cumulative frequency 10 32

b) Draw the cumulative frequency graph

c) From the graph estimate (i) the median number of runs scored
(ii) the number of times more than 70 was scored
Sumbooks 1997 Page 73
Scatter Diagrams
Draw a scatter diagram for each of the following results. Draw a line of best fit and
use it to answer each of the questions. You must show clearly on your diagram how
you get your answer.

1) A class of pupils sat an examination in mathematics. The examination consisted of

two papers. The following table shows the marks scored by a sample of 10 of the
pupils.

Paper 1 46 77 49 57 67 52 72 59 54 27
Paper 2 53 84 43 63 65 61 74 73 57 35

a) A pupil missed paper 2 but got 53 on paper 1. What was her estimated mark for
paper 2?
b) Another pupil missed paper 1 but got 84 on paper 2. What was her estimated
mark for paper 1?

2) A garden centre raises plants from seed. The gardener puts the seeds into trays of
different sizes. When they have germinated he takes one tray of each size and
checks how many plants have germinated.

No of seeds in tray 10 20 24 36 50 100

No of plants germinated 8 17 23 34 45 79

He finds that he has forgotten to check a tray which holds 70 seeds. How many
plants would he expect from it?

3) The heights and weights of 7 ladies are shown in the table below.

Height (cm) 150 153 155 160 162 168 170

Weight (kg) 51 51 57 60 61 62 63

Estimate the weight of a woman whose height is 158cm.

4) A survey is carried out into the sizes of 10 apple trees in a garden. The height is
measured (using trigonometry) and the circumference of its trunk is measured one
metre from the ground. This is a table of the results obtained.

Circumference cm 8 7 9 10.5 13 15 15.5 18 20

Height metres 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.7 5.1 5.0 4.8

What is the approximate circumference of a tree whose height is 4.5m?

5) The table shows the number of hours of rainfall per day at Northend-on-sea and
the number of deck chairs hired out each day over a period of one week.

Hours of rainfall 2 5 3 0 7 10 3
No of deck chairs hired out 150 100 160 190 45 10 155

From your graph predict how many deck chairs would be hired out if there were 8
hours of rainfall.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 74

6) A vertical spring, fixed at its upper end, was stretched by a weight at its lower end.
The length of the spring for different loads was measured and the results recorded,
as follows.

Load (g) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Length (cm) 12.5 13.4 14.7 15.5 16.3 17.7 18.6 19.4 20.6

From your diagram, estimate

a) The load when the length of the spring is 15cm.
b) The length of the spring for a load of 55g.

7) David travels to work each day by car. Most of his journey is down a ten mile
stretch of motorway. Over a ten day period, he records the time taken to get to
work and the speed he travels down the motorway.

Speed (mph) 65 50 45 50 70 55 60 70 70 45
Time taken (min) 19 24 26 25 17 22 21 19 18 28

From your diagram, estimate how fast he would have to travel down the motorway
in order to get to work in 20 mins.

8) At the end of each week, Jenny saves whatever pocket money she has left from
that week. She finds that the more times she goes out each week, the less money
she has left. Here is a table showing the number of times she went out over a
period of 8 weeks, together with the amount of money she saved.

Number of times out 5 3 4 1 1 4 5 2

Money saved (pence) 120 290 210 510 480 180 90 380

Jenny wants to save £2.50 every week for her holidays. From your graph decide on
the maximum number of times she can go out each week.

9) In an experiment twelve pupils were weighed and their heights measured. Here are
their results.

Weight 52 59 58.5 63 60.5 66 66 66.5 72 76.5 71 79.5

(kg)
Height 122 124 126 127 128 128 132 134 136 139 142 144
(cm)

It is known that another pupil weights 75kg. Approximately how tall is he?
Sumbooks 1997 Page 75

Probability (1)
Find the probability of the events in questions 1 to 6 happening
1) Throwing a number 2 on a dice numbered 1 to 6
2) Drawing a king from a pack of 52 playing cards (there are 4 kings in a pack)
3) Selecting a girl at random from a class of 20 boys and 15 girls.
4) Winning first prize in a raffle if you hold 10 tickets and 200 have been sold.
5) Picking an even number from the numbers 1 to 20 inclusive.
6) Throwing an odd number on a dice numbered 1 to 6.
7) Find the probability of an event not happening if the probability of it happening is
0.3
8) The order of play in a badminton competition in decided by drawing names from a
hat. Six names, Jane, Andrew, Stephen, Claire, Jenny and Jonathan are put into the
hat and drawn at random. Find the probabilities of
a) drawing Claire's name first
b) drawing a boy's name first
c) not getting Stephen's name first.
9) A bag contains 12 discs, 4 red, 5 green and 3 blue. A disc is taken out at random
What is the probability of drawing
a) a green disc
b) a red disc
c) a disc which is not a blue disc.
10) In a raffle, 1000 tickets are sold. Emily buys 5 tickets. What is her chance of
winning?
If the chance of David winning is 0.02, how many tickets did he buy?
What is the probability of him not winning?
11) A biased spinner has the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 on it. The probability of getting a
1 is 0.1, a 2 is 0.2, and a 3 is 0.2.
a) What is the probability of getting a 4?
b) What number are you most likely to get?
c) If it is spun 100 times, how many 2's would you expect to get?
d) What is the probability of scoring a 1 or a 2?
e) What is the probability of scoring a 6?
12) A fair dice is numbered 1 to 6 and a fair spinner is numbered 1 to 3.
The dice and spinner are played at the same time. What is the probability of
getting
a) a 2 on the dice and a 2 on the spinner?
b) a total of 5?
c) a 1 and a 2 (any way around)?
d) a total score of 10?
13) 10 cards have the numbers 1 to 10 written on them. The cards are shuffled and
placed face down on the table. A card is drawn at random. Calculate the
probability of each of the following
a) The card drawn will have the number 6 on it
b) The number on the card will be greater than 6
After the card has been taken it is returned to the pack and another taken. What is
the probability that
c) The number 6 will be chosen both times
d) A number greater than 6 will be chosen both times
e) A number greater than 6 is chosen the first time and one less than 6 the second
time.
14) The probability of drawing a red ball from a bag is 0.3 and the probability of
drawing a black is 0.5.
a) What is the probability of drawing a red or a black?
b) If there are 10 black balls in the bag, how many red balls are there?
Sumbooks 1997 Page 76

Probability (2)
1) Two dice are thrown together and their values added. Copy and complete the table
below to show their sums and find the probability that their sum is 8.

Second dice
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
First 3 4 5
dice 4 5
5
6

2) Two dice bearing the numbers 1,1,2,2,3,3 are thrown together and the numbers
shown are added. Copy and complete the table below which shows the possible
outcomes.
Second dice
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 2 3 3
1 2 2 3
First 2 3 3
dice 2 3
3
3

What is the probability of getting a total of

a) 6
b) more than 4
c) less than 4

3) Five cards have the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 on them.

1 2 3 4 5
Two cards are taken at random and their sum recorded in this table. Copy and
complete the table.
1 2 3 4 5
1 3
2
3
4
5 9

Use the table to find the probability of obtaining a sum

a) of 8
b) greater than 4
Sumbooks 1997 Page 77

4) The diagram shows two spinners, one numbered 1 to 4, the other 1 to 3. The
outcome 1+2=3 is shown
a) Make a list of all the possible outcomes.
b) What is the probability of getting numbers adding up to 5?
c) What is the probability of getting a sum of more than 5?

3
2 4 3 1
1 2

5)

1 2 3 1 2
Red discs Blue discs

Three red discs are numbered 1 to 3, and two blue discs are numbered 1 and 2.
A red disc is chosen at random followed by a blue disc.
List all the possible outcomes.
What is the probability of getting
a) a 2 followed by a 1?
b) a 1 and a 2 in any order?
c) a 3 and a 1 in any order?

6)
1 2 3 1 2 3 4

Three black cards are numbered 1 to 3 and 4 red cards are numbered 1 to 4.
A black card is chosen at random followed by a red card.
a) List all the possible outcomes.
b) In how many ways can the cards add up to 6?
c) What is the probability of the two cards adding up to 6?

7) A bag contains 5 red discs with the numbers 1 to 5 on them. A second bag holds 6
discs, 2 white, 2 black, one green and one yellow. A disc is taken at random from
both bags . Copy and complete this table of possible results.

First bag
1 2 3 4 5
W W1
W
second B
bag B B2
G G5
Y
Use the table to find the probability of choosing
a) a 1 followed by a black disc
b) a black disc
c) a black or white disc.
Sumbooks 1997 Page 78
Tree Diagrams
R 3
5
1) A bag contains 3 red counters and 2
blue counters. R 3 ()
A counter is taken from the bag, 5
B
its colour noted and replaced.
This is done a second time. 2
The tree diagram shows what happens. 5 R
B ()
a) Copy and complete the diagram.
b) What is the probability of getting a
red followed by a blue counter? First ()
counter B
c) What is the probability of drawing
two red counters?
Second
counter

2) The probability that Dave will win the long jump final is 0.3 and the
probability that he will win the 100 metres is 0.2.
Draw a tree diagram to show this.
From the diagram find
a) the probability of him winning both
b) the probability of him winning neither
c) the probability of him winning one only.

3 B
3) A bag contains 3 blue and 2 white discs. 8
A second bag contains 3 blue and 5
white discs. B ()
Complete the tree diagram and use it () W
to find the probability of getting
a) a blue followed by a white disc.
b) two blue discs ()
c) two discs of the same colour W 2
5

()

4) In form 11C there are 15 girls and 10 boys. In 11D there are 18 boys and
12 girls. Two people are to be chosen at random, one from each group.
Show this on a tree diagram. From the diagram find the probability of
choosing
a) a boy and a girl
b) two boys
c) two girls

5) A bag contains 3 red sweets and 3 green sweets. A second bag contains 4
red sweets and 5 green sweets. A sweet is chosen at random from
each bag in turn. Draw a tree diagram to represent this.
From the diagram find the probability of taking
a) red followed by a green sweet
b) two sweets of the same colour
c) at least one red sweet
Sumbooks 1997 Page 79
Relative Frequency

1) Two dice are thrown together and their values added. Copy and complete the table
below to show their sums and find the probability that their sum is 6.

Second dice
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
First 3 4 5
dice 4 5
5
6

If the dice are thrown 180 times, approximately how many times would you expect
to get a total of 6?

2) A bag contains 5 discs with the numbers 1 to 5 on them. A second bag holds 6
discs, 3 red, 2 white and one green. A disc is taken at random from both bags, and
then returned. Copy and complete this table of possible results.

First bag
1 2 3 4 5
R
R
second R R3
bag W
W W1
G G4

a) Use the table to find the probability of choosing

(i) a 2 followed by a white disc
(i) a red disc
b) If this procedure is carried out 100 times, how many times would you expect to
choose
(i) a red disc?
(ii) a disc with a number 2 on it?

3) A drawing pin is thrown in the air and allowed to fall to the ground. It can either
land point upwards or point down. The table shows the number of times it lands
each way.
Number of throws 10 20 30 40 50
Number of times point up 3 8 14 19 26
Number of times point down 7 12 16 21 24

From the results

(a) suggest what you think the probability is of it landing point up?
(b) explain why you would not make any assumptions after 10 throws.
(c) calculate how many times you think it will fall point up when thrown 500 times.

4) Jenny does a survey of the people using her local newsagents over a period of
30 minutes. She counts 30 men and 50 women leaving the shop.
a) What is the probability that the next person to leave the shop will be a man?
b) During the day 1000 people use the shop. Approximately how many will be
women?
Sumbooks 1997 Page 80

5) Over a period of 10 minutes, 5 buses, 40 cars, 10 lorries and 15 vans travel down
the high street.
a) What is the probability that the next vehicle will be a van?
b) Over the next hour approximately how many vehicles would you expect to travel
down the street?
c) How many of those vehicles would you expect to be buses?
d) During another period, 50 lorries are observed. Approximately how many vans
would you expect?

6) A fair dice having the numbers 1 to 6 is thrown 60 times.

a) How many times would you expect the number 6 to occur?
b) How many times would you expect the number to be greater than 4?

7) A bag contains red, white and yellow coloured discs. A disc is taken from the bag,
its colour noted and then replaced. This is carried out 100 times. Red is chosen 52
times, white 29 times and yellow 19 times.
a) If there are 10 discs in the bag, how many of each colour would you expect there
to be?
b) If the experiment is carried out 500 times, how many times would you expect to
get a white disc?

8) A machine makes plastic cups. An inspector checks 100 cups and finds that 90 are
acceptable and 10 are not.
a) What is the probability that the next cup will be acceptable?
During the day 100,000 cups are made.
b) Approximately how many are likely to be unacceptable?
c) If 12,000 cups are unacceptable the next day, approximately how many have
been made altogether?

9) Raffle tickets are sold in aid of the local church. 500 are blue, 200 white and 50
pink. They are all put into a box and taken out at random.
a) What is the probability that the first ticket is blue?
b) If there are 12 prizes to be won, about how many prize-winners would you
expect to have a blue ticket?

10) David has a biased coin. He tosses the coin 60 times and fills in the table shown
below as he is doing it.

Number of tosses 10 20 30 40 50 60
Number of heads 7 10 18 22 29 34
Number of tails 3 10 12 18
Probability of a head 0.7 0.5 0.6
Probability of a tail 0.3 0.5

a) Copy and complete the table

b) Plot a graph of 'Number of tosses' against 'Probability of a head'. Use the scale of
2cm to represent 10 tosses on the horizontal axis and 2cm to represent 0.1 on the
vertical axis. From your graph estimate the probability of getting a head.
Sum books 1997 Page 81

Constructions

Using ruler and compass only, construct each of the following. Do not use a protractor.
a) an angle of 60°
b) an angle of 90°
c) an angle of 30°
d) an angle of 45°
e) an angle of 120°
f) g) h)
90° 90°
60°
60°
6cm
5cm
90° 90° 60° 60°
7cm 30° 90°
6cm

i) j) k)
This shape is made up from
3 equilateral triangles 45°

120° 120°
45° 90°
120° 5cm

l) m)
120° 60°

5cm
60° 120°
8cm 30° 45°
5cm

n) The diagram on the right shows a C

sketch of an 8cm square metal plate
with a hole at the centre. x
The shape is symmetric about the
lines AB and CD.
Draw an accurate drawing of the A 4cm B 6cm dia
hole.
What is the length of dimension x?

D
Sum books 1997 Page 82

Simultaneous Equations

1) 2x + 2y = 10 2) 3x + y = 18 3) 4x + 2y = 2 4) 5x + 3y = 18
x + 2y = 6 2x + y = 13 2x + 2y = 0 5x + y = 16
5) x + y = 1 6) 3x + 4y = 29 7) 3x – 2y = 10 8) 3x + 4y = 18
x–y = 5 x – 4y = – 17 – 3x + y = – 11 3x – 4y = – 6
9) 4x + 3y = 11 10) 5x + 2y = 33 11) 6x + 2y = 10 12) 3x – 2y = 13
2x + y = 7 2x + y = 14 4x + y = 7 x–y = 5
13) 2x + 3y = 28 14) 2x + 3y = 15 15) 4x + 3y = 13 16) 5x + 3y = 14
3x – y = 9 5x – y = 46 6x – 2y = 13 2x + 2y = 4
17) A family of 2 adults and 2 children go to the cinema. Their tickets cost a total of
£14.00. Another family of 1 adult and 4 children go to the same cinema and their
bill is £13.60.
a) Letting x represent the cost of an adult’s ticket and y the cost of a child’s ticket,
write down two equations connecting x and y. b) Solve for x and y.
c) What are the prices of an adult’s and a child’s ticket?
18) The sum of two numbers is 39 and their difference is 9.
a) Letting x and y be the two numbers write down two equations.
b) Solve the equations.
19) A rectangle has a perimeter of 42cm. Another rectangle has a length double that of
the first and a width one third of that of the first. The perimeter of the second is
57cm. Letting x and y represent the dimensions of the first rectangle, write down
two equations containing x and y. Solve the equations and write down the
dimensions of the second rectangle.
20) 4 oranges and 3 apples weigh 720 grams. 3 oranges and 4 apples weigh 750 grams.
Let x and y represent their weights. Write down two equations containing x and y.
Calculate the weights of each piece of fruit.
21) Three mugs and two plates cost £7.20, but four mugs and one plate cost £7.90. Let x
represent the cost of a mug and y the cost of a plate. Write down two equations
involving x and y. Solve these equations and calculate the cost of seven mugs and 6
plates.
22) Sandra withdrew £400 from the bank. She was given £20 and £10 notes, a total of
23 notes altogether. Let x represent the number of £20 notes and y the number of
£10 notes. Write down two equations and solve them.
23) A quiz game has two types of question, hard (h) and easy (e). Team A answers 7
hard questions and 13 easy questions. Team B answers 13 hard questions and 3
easy questions. If they both score 74 points, find how many points were given for
each of the two types of question.
24) A man stays at a hotel. He has bed and breakfast (b) for three nights and two
dinners (d). A second man has four nights bed and breakfast and three dinners.
If the first man’s bill is £90 and the second man’s bill is £124, calculate the cost of
a dinner.
25) Four large buckets and two small buckets hold 58 litres. Three large buckets and
five small buckets hold 68 litres. How much does each bucket hold?
Sum books 1997 Page 83

Using Simple Equations

1. A bus costs £200 to hire for a day. A social club charges £10 for each non member (n)
and £6 for each member (m) to go on an outing.
a) Write down an equation linking m and n and the cost of hiring the bus if the club
is not to lose money.
b) If twenty members go on the outing, how many non-members need to go?
2. Annabel has two bank accounts, both containing the same amount of money. She
transfers £300 from the first account to the second. She now has twice as much money
in the second account.
a) If she originally had £x in each account, how much does she have in each after
the transfer?
b) Write down an equation linking the money in her two accounts after the money
has been moved.
c) How much money has she altogether?
3. Lucy buys 400 tiles for her bathroom. Patterned tiles cost 34p each and plain white
tiles cost 18p each. She spends exactly £100 on x patterned tiles and white tiles.
a) Write down, in terms of x, the number of white tiles she buys.
b) Write down an equation for the total cost of the tiles. Calculate the value of x.
c) How many white tiles did she buy?
4. The length of a rectangle is 12cm and its
width is (x – 4)cm. If its perimeter is numer- (x – 4)cm
ically the same as its area, calculate the
value of x and hence its area. 12cm
5. Three consecutive numbers are added together and their sum is 69.
a) If the first number is x, write down expressions for the 2nd and 3rd numbers.
b) Use these expressions to calculate the value of x and hence the three numbers.
6. The distance between two towns, A and B is 300 miles. A car travels between the two
towns on motorways and ordinary roads. Its average speed on the motorways is
60mph and 40mph on the ordinary roads.
a) If x is the distance travelled on the motorways, write down, in terms of x the dis-
tance travelled on ordinary roads.
b) Write down, in terms of x, the time taken to travel the two parts of the journey.
c) If the total time taken was 6 hours, write down an equation in terms of x and solve
it. What distance was travelled on ordinary roads?
7. Sarah drives her car from her home to the railway station, a distance of x kilometres.
She then gets the train and travels to London, 8 times the distance she travelled in her
car. If her total journey is 36 kilometres, calculate the length of the car journey.
8. Calculate the sizes of the b) x+10 2x
a) x
angles in each of these dia-
grams.

x+15
x+25 x+35
x+5
Sum books 1997 Page 84

Using Quadratic Equation

1) A rectangle has a length of ( x + 4 ) centimetres ( x + 4 ) cm

and a width of ( x – 3 ) centimetres.
a) If the perimeter is 34cm, what is the value of x?
2 ( x – 3)
b) If the area is 18 cm , show that cm
2
x – x – 30 = 0 and calculate the value of x
2
when the area is 18 cm
2) x people go to the cinema. The cost of one ticket is £(x–4). If the total cost of the
tickets is £12, calculate the number of people who went to the cinema.
3) The mean of x numbers is x–3. If the total of all the numbers is 70:
2
a) show that x – 3x – 70 = 0 .
b) Hence calculate x.
c) What is the mean of the numbers?
4) The square and the rectangle have the
2x 3x + 5
same areas.
2
a) Show that x – 5x = 0 2x x
b) calculate x and hence the area of the
square.
5) Shirts cost £(x–6) each. If (x+5) shirts are bought for a total of £180.
2
a) Show that x – x – 210 = 0
b) Solve this equation
c) (i) What is the cost of one shirt?
(ii) How many shirts were bought?
6) A right angled triangle has the dimensions, measured in
centimetres, shown in the diagram.
a) By using Pythagoras’ theorem, show that ( x + 4)
2
( x + 1)
x – 10x – 11 = 0
b) Solve this equation and write down the length of the
sides of the triangle. ( x – 2)

7) A company manufacture x thousand boxes of chocolates

each week. The number of chocolates in each box is (x+5) chocolates. During one
particular week, the chocolate making machine breaks down and they only make
(x–9) thousand boxes. At the end of the week they find that they have produced 120
thousand chocolates.
2
a) Show that x – 4x – 165 = 0 .
b) Solve this equation and calculate the number of boxes produced.
 Page 85
Answers
26) 90 27) 12 28) 12 29) 100,000
Multiplication and division
Exercise 1 Fractions, Decimals and Percentages
1) 8r1 2) 13r5 3) 11r6 4) 26r2 5) 20r3 Exercise 1
6) 66r5 7) 124 8) 123 9) 194r4 10) 57r6 1) 0.75 2) 0.625 3) 0.4 4) 0.375 5) 0.4167
11) 37r8 12) 96 6) 0.35 7) 0.5333 8) 0.28 9) 0.2308
Exercise 2 10) 0.1481 11) 0.56 12) 0.2667 13) 0.55
1) 5r2 2) 4r4 3) 7r7 4) 4r7 5) 6r20 14) 0.4286 15) 0.5556 16) 0.4375
6) 8r5 7) 7r33 8) 13r1 9) 12r4 10) 11r17 17) 0.3478 18) 0.5625
11) 13r14 12) 10r14 13) 12r21 14) 16r1 Exercise 2
15) 16r23 16) 29r7 17) 40r1 18) 16r24 1) 26% 2) 34% 3) 72% 4) 87% 5) 64%
19) 20r5 20) 18r38 6) 35% 7) 42% 8) 96.1% 9) 43.2%
Exercise 3 10) 61.4% 11) 58.4% 12) 82.6% 13) 93.2%
1) 7.5 2) 6.25 3) 7.25 4) 6.8 5) 7.5 14) 30% 15) 60% 16) 190% 17) 238%
6) 15.5 7) 23.5 8) 11.25 9) 20.25 18) 641%
10) 45.5 11) 5.52 12) 26.25 13) 36.25 Exercise 3
14) 29.75 15) 53.5 16) 19.5 17) 2.94 1) 80% 2) 80% 3) 46.67% 4) 15%
18) 10.08 19) 8.4 20) 145.75 5) 56.25% 6) 35.71% 7) 43.48% 8) 48%
Exercise 4 9) 51.43% 10) 32.43% 11) 62.5%
1) 864 2) 1596 3) 1222 4) 1122 5) 4644 12) 46.88% 13) 69.23% 14) 79.41%
6) 2057 7) 5832 8) 4862 9) 12032 15) 86.17% 16) 73.21% 17) 51.92%
10) 1062 11) 23562 12) 39566 13) 37066 18) 59.38%
14) 54592 15) 11529 16) 62926 17) 45663 Exercise 4
1 3
18) 26904 19) 36501 20) 43808 1) 0.2, 23%, 4 2) 36%, 8 , 0.41
7 5
3) 0.8, 87%, 8 4) 0.3, 31%, 16
Negative numbers 3 7
Exercise 1 5) 10%, 0.14, 20 6) 43.7%, 16, 0.47
8 9
1) 14 2) 2 3) –3 4) 2 5) –13 6) 5 7) –20 7) 30%, 23, 0.35 8) 0.47, 47.3%, 17
8) –2 9) –4 10) –11 11) –14 12) 14 13) –6 6
9) 0.2, 21%, 28 10) 0.25, 25.6%, 31
8
14) 0 15) 0 16) –23 17) –17 18) 9 19) –26
20) –4 Exercise 5
Exercise 2 1) 15 2) 153 3) £78.75 4) £1.05 5) 12.5m
1) 4 2) 6 3) 9 4) 9 5) 3 6) 7 7) 3 8) 9 6) 9.375m 7) £31.25 8) 36.75m 9) £15.40
9) 8 10) 5 11) 4 12) 12 13) 5 14) 24 10) 2.475m 11) £38.50 12) 2.31m
15) 6 16) 34 17) 46 18) 8 19) 16 20) 32 Exercise 6
1) 222 2) 12 3) 342 4) 205 5) 90p 6) 60p
Use of the Calculator 7) £11.40 8) 1.36m 9) £2.16 10) £3.24
Exercise 1 11) £8.58 12) 1116
1) 6,3 2) 23,32 3) 12,48 4) 27,12 5) 8,2 Exercise 7
6) 7,4 7) 26,36 1) 48% 2) 63% 3) 68% 4) 46% 5) 62%
Exercise 2 6) 65% 7) 22% 8) 90% 9) 70% 10) 62%
1) 2.195 2) 4.682 3) 7.2 4) 3.668 11) 85% 12) 69% 13) 57% 14) 61%
5) 0.5193 6) 0.2980 7) 4.1 8) 8.453 15) 91% 16) 60%
9) 0.7714 10) 1.960 11) 36.25 12) 1.74 Exercise 8
13) 0.32 14) 2.031 15) 3.520 16) 3.890 1) 20% 2) 60% 3) 33% 4) 20% 5) 11%
17) 11.83 18) 3.344 19) 5.305 20) 14.82 6) 13% 7) 4% 8) 6% 9) 6% 10) 24%
Exercise 9
Estimation 1) £117 2) £242 3) £180 4) £2300
Exercise 1 5) £5544 6) £215 7) £87.50 8) £56350
1) 1800 2) 2100 3) 2500 4) 4000 5) 3200 9) £101.60 10) £549
6) 3000 7) 6300 8) 5000 9) 16000
10)18000 11) 20000 12) 40000 13) 120000 Interest
14) 450000 15) 160000 16) 100000 1) £4, £4.04 2) £36, £38.16
17) 120000 18) 50000 19) 60000 20) 150000 3) £135, £147.51 4) £400, £464.10
Exercise 2 5) £315, £337.56 6) £240, £249.73
1) 18 2) 600 3) 1200 4) 0.8 5) 0.06 7) £1040, £1120.63 8) £16.80, £17.39
6) 0.00004 7) 29 8) 13 9) 11 10) 8.3 9) £132, £142.84 10) £504, £551.20
11) 0.4 12) 3 13) 10 14) 4 15) 4
16) 5 17) 0.2 18) 40 19) 0.5 20) 0.25
21) 0.3 22) 200 23) 5 24) 400 25) 400
 Page 86

Scale Drawing and Ratio Exercise 2

Exercise 1 1) 2 × 3 × 52 2) 2 5 × 5 3) 2 3 × 52
1) 40cm 2) 8cm 3) 62cm 4) 7cm 5) 400cm 4) 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 5)2 2 × 5 × 13
6) 16cm 7) 1:30 8) 1:20 9) 5cm 10) 2.5m
6) 33 × 52 7) 33 × 5 × 7 8) 5 × 73
11) 1:200 12) 1:2.5 13) 5.5cm 14) 450cm
15) 1:30 16) 11.5cm 17) 9m 18) 1:5 9) 3 × 5 × 7 × 11 10) 32 × 5 × 23
19) 8cm 20) 104cm 11) 2 4 × 3 × 5 × 7 12) 2 2 × 33 × 13
Exercise 2 Exercise 3
1) £400, £500 2) £300, £700 3) £75, £125 1) 2 2 × 3, 3 2) 2 × 32 , 2 3) 2 2 × 32 × 5, 5
4) £280, £320 5) £250, £550 6) £250, £450 4) 2 4 × 5, 5 5) 2 × 34 , 2 6) 2 2 × 32 × 7, 7
7) £245, £385 8) £495, £770 9) £840, £1365 7) 73 , 7 8) 2 2 × 32 × 13, 13 9) 2 5 × 19, 38
10) £300, £400,£500 11) £125, £150, £175 10) 2 2 × 5 × 72 , 5 11) 2 3 × 3 × 52 , 6
12) £70, £105, £140 13) £294, £336, £378
12) 2 3 × 32 × 5, 10
14) £315, £405, £495 15) £125, £200, £225
16) £16.80, £22.40, £39.20 17) £36, £48, £66 Exercise 4
18) £1.98, £4.62, £7.26 19) £144, £252, £468 1) 27 2) 45 3) 25 4) 271 5) 147 6) 63
20) £73.50, £98, £171.50 7) 147 8) 45 9) 195 10) 117 11) 39 12) 75
Exercise 3
1) £36, £16 2) £36, £15, 3) £63, £30 Number Patterns and Sequences
4) £165, £77 5) £288, £126 6) £10.45, £6.05 Exercise 1
7) £10.05, £5.36 8) £24.64, £14.56 1) 12,14 2) 15,17 3) 22,25 4) 25,29
9) £48.51, £20.79 10) £142.80, £66.30 5) 28,33 6) 48,57 7) 18,24 8) 15,20
9) 35,47 10) 17,23 11) 35,41 12) 23,30
Standard Form 13) 5,3 14) 10,5 15) 7,4 16) –5,–12
Exercise 1 17) –3,–5 18) –2,–7 19) –20,–28 20) –16,–22
21) 13,16 22) 31,43 23) 32,64 24)63,127
1) 3.6 × 101 2) 4. 26 × 10 2 3)8.3 × 10 3 25) 36,49 26) 42,56 27) 57,73
4) 9. 4 × 10 4 5) 5.62 × 10 5 6)1.5 × 10 −1 Exercise 2
7) 3.14 × 10 −2 8) 5. 4 × 10 −3 9) 2.3 × 10 −4 1) 11,13; Add 2; 2 n -1 2) 17,20; Add 3; 3 n –1
10)1.5 × 10 −5 11)1. 43 × 10 −3 12)1.573 × 10 2 3) 25,29; Add 4; 4 n +1 4) 36,42; Add 6; 6 n
13)1300 14) 34000 15)148000 16) 21000000 5) 37,43; Add 6; 6 n +1 6) 37,42;Add 5; 5 n +7
17) 34100 18) 4320000 19) 218000 7) 10,8; Subtract 2; 22–2 n
20) 0. 00936 21) 0. 0000421 22) 0. 000597 8) 2,–1; Subtract 3; 20–3n
23) 0. 00000326 24) 0. 0000485
9) 12,6; Subtract 6; 48–6 n
Exercise 2 10) 3,5; Add 2; 2 n –9
1) 7.5 × 10 6 2)1. 288 × 10 9 3)1. 272 × 10 −6 11) 10,15; Add 5; 5 n –20
4) 2.368 × 10 −11 5)1.512 × 10 3 6)1.828 × 10 5 12) 16,22; Add 6; 6 n –20
7) 2. 0 × 10 5 8)1. 766 × 10 8 9)1. 906 × 10 2 13) –5,–7; Subtract 2; 7–2 n
10) 6.604 × 10 0 11)1. 267 × 10 3 12) 2. 039 × 10 3 14) –3,–6; Subtract 3; 15–3 n
13)1.315 × 10 7 14) 3.529 × 10 −22 15) –11,–13; Subtract 2; 1–2 n
Exercise 3 2
16) 36, 49; Next Square Number; n
1) 6 × 1010 , 5 × 10 5 2) 9 × 10 –8 , 6 × 10 –4 17) 30,42; Difference Increases by 2;
3) 2.1 × 10 –7 4) 1:81.31 5) 1. 281secs 2
6) 1:0. 0005438 7) a. 9. 461 × 1012 km n – n or n(n −1)
b. 8.313 years 8) 1. 900 × 10 27 18) 63,80; Square Number Subtract 1;

(n + 1) – 1 or n + 2n
2 2
Prime Factors
Exercise 1 Exercise 3
1) 1,3,5,15 2) 1,2,4,5,10,20 1) a. 20 b. 24 c. 4 n +4 d. 84
3) 1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24 4)1,2,3,5,6,10,15,30 2) a. 9 b. 11 c. 2n–1 d. 79
5) 1,2,4,8,16,32 6) 1,2,4,5,8,10,20,40 3) a. 20 b. 30 c. n( n +1) d. 420
7) 1,3,5,9,15,45 4) a. 15 b. 20 c. 5( n –1) d. 45
8) 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30,60 9) 1,71 5) a. 22 b. 27 c. 5 n +2 d. 62
10) 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,14,21,28,42,84 6) a. 10,26 b. 12,32 c. 2 n +2, 6 n +2 d. 42
11) 1,2,3,5,6,9,10,15,18,30,45,90
12) 1,2,4,5,10,20,25,50,100 Distance Time Diagrams
1) a. 220 miles b. 40 mins c. 30mph
d. 44mph 2) a. 45mph b. 4 mins
c. 8:10 d. 32.5mph e. 8:27 f. 1.5 miles
g. 8:58 3) a. 60mph b. 12:40; 4 mins
 Page 87

c) 80mph d. 72 mph e. 13:04, 68 miles Exercise 2

4) a. Journey B. It goes further in a shorter 1) 11y 2) 8y 3) 3y 4) 8x 5) – 2 y
time. b. 15kph c. B d. 7.5kph 6) 8x 7) – 9y 8) – 6x 9) – 23a
e. 2 hours 48 mins f. 11:12 and 15:54 10) – 19w 11) 15b + 5a 12) 12 x + 13y
g. 17:24 5) a. 144 miles b. 18 mph and 13) 7b + 8a 14) 2 x + 7y 15) 4a + 7b
72 mph c. 60 mph and 22.5 mph d. 36 mins 16) 8 p + 10q 17) 8a + 2b 18) 4x + 6y
e. 05:12, 104 miles f. 30 miles 19) 6x – y 20) 4a + b 21) – 2 x – 3y
g. 04:00 and 06:24 22) 6a – 3b 23) 3y – xy
24) 6xy + 4y 25)2b – 13ab
Conversion Graphs 26) 5x – 10 xy 27) 5bc – 5ab
1) a. 45 francs b. £3.40 2) a. $114 b. £37 28)11xy + 4yz 29)14 xy – 9x
3) a. 51 b. 34 4) a. 49.5 b. 7.1 30)18ab + a 31) 4x 2 32)13y 2
5) a. £88 b. 9000 6) a. 105 secs b. 12cms 33) 5x + 7y
2 2
34) 4x 2 35) 6xy + x 2
7) a. 3 b. 7 c. 382 36) 6x + 2 x
2
37) 5xy 2 – 4x 2 y
Sketching and recognising Graphs 38) 2 x 2 y – 9xy 2 39) 3 x 40) 1 y
4 2
1) b 2) b 3) c
4) Indices
Exercise 1
1) 9 2) 27 3) 81 4) 243 5) 100 6) 1000
7) 10,000 8) 100,000
5) d 6) b 7) b Exercise 2
8) 1) 7,776 2) 15,625 3) 16,384 4) 117,649
5) 59,049 6) 161,051 7) 4,826,809
8) 40,353,607
Exercise 3
1) 2 7 , 128 2) 39 , 19683 3) 4 6 , 4096
Plotting Graphs
1) a. 7,4,12 c. 1.7, –1.7 d. (2,7) (–2,7) 4)10 7 , 10, 000, 000 5) 78 , 5, 764,801
2) a. 8, –1, 4 c. (1,4) (–2,1) d. x =1 or x =–2 6)85 , 32768 7)x 7 8) a13 9) b 9 10) y 25
3) a. 2.625, 5.875, 6.125, 9.375 Exercise 4
c. (0,6) (1,7) (–1,5) d. x =–1, 0 or 1 1) 4 4 2) 55 3) 73 4)10 3 5)153 6)10 2 7) 9 3
4) a. 6, –3, 6, 21 c. (2.3,10) (–2.3,10) 8)12 3 9)86 10) 20 3 11)a 3 12) y12 13) x 5
d. x =2.3 or –2.3 Exercise 5
5) a. 9,6,5.25 c. 1.3 d. (0.8,7.6) (5.2,5.4)
e. x =0.8 or 5.2 1) 2 8 2) 410 3) 79 4) 412 5) 56 6) 215 7) 316
6) a. 5,8,13 c. Line is x +7, 8) 78 9) 310 10) 58 11) x 10 12) y 9
solution is x =1 or –2 Exercise 6
7) a. –7,–5.25,11 c. Line is 4 x –4, 1) 1296 2) 248832 3) 2744 4) 512
Solution is x =1.5,–0.3 or –1.3 5) 3375 6) 100000 7) 2985984
8) a. 6,–1.5,–3.375 c. Line is 3– x , 8) 194481 9) 7776 10) 160000
Solution is x =0.8 or x =6.2 Exercise 7
1) a. x 5 b. x 11 c. a12 d. y13
Substitution 2) a. a 2 b. 1 c. x 2 d. 2 6
1) 25 2) 11 3) –6 4) –3 5) 4 6) 7 3) a. a 24 b. x 18 c. y 8 d. b18
7) –3 8) –13 9) 20 10) –4 11) 6 12) 5
4) a. x 4 y 2 b. a 5 b 3 c. x 4 y 6 d. a 3b 6
13) 3.5 14) 20.27 15) 20.423 16) 13
17) 23.57 18)28 o C 19) £71.25 20) 19.58 5) a. 9x 2 b. 8x 3 c. 27x 3 d. 25a 2
21) 15.34 22) 96.88 23) 10.33 6) a. 3a b. 3x 3 c. 5b 3 d. 5x 5
24) a. 36.75 b. –1.2 25) 29.25 26) a. 43 b. 8 7) a. 12 x 4 b. 108a 7 c. 30 y 9
27) a. 66 b. 6 28) a. –6 b. 0 8) a. x 6 b. x 4 c. 1
29) a. 152 b. 22 30) 7.5 31) –48.8 32) 28.57
Multiplying Brackets
Symplifying Expressions Exercise 1
Exercise 1 1) 24 2) 35 3) –24 4) –24 5) –6 6) –40
1) 11 2) 5 3) 9 4) –1 5) –3 6) –3 7) 4 7) 20 8) 30 9) 21 10) –30 11) –12 12) 56
8) 3 9) 6 10) –8 11) –11 12) –15 13) 3
14) 0 15) 1 16) –6 17) –1 18) –1 19) –4
20) 0 21) 2 22) –15 23) –15 24) –4 25) 3
26) –16 27) –19 28) –11 29) 5 30) –15
 Page 88

Exercise 2 Exercise 4
1) 3x + 3y 2)18x + 24 3) – 2 x + 3 1) 2(a + 2b) 2) a(3h – a) 3) 5(a + 3b + 2c)
4) – 3x – 2 5) – 8x – 20 6) – 21x + 28 4) 3y(y + 7) 5) 4bc(a – 3c) 6) 2 xy(3 – 7xy)
7) – 12 x – 12 8)10 x – 15 9) 9x + 6 7) 2(7x 2 – 16y) 8) 7x(xy + 2) 9) πd(3 – 7d)
10)13x + 20y 11)4x – 5y 12)20y – 22 x 10) 2(8a + 15x) 11) 9b(a – 3b) 12)16a(1 + 3a)
13)2 x – 5y 14) 8x + 5y 15)10 x
16)15x + 13y 17) 38x – 19y 18) 3x – 26y 13) 2a(4 + 3a – b) 14) 2(4x 2 + y – 3z)
15) x(1 + x + y)
19) 5x – 15y 20) 6x 2 + 17x 21) – 3x 2 – 22 x
22) 27x 2 – 5x 23) 7x 2 + 3x 24)15x 2 – 6x
25)16x 2 + 27x 26) 6x 2 – 33x Equations

Exercise 3 Exercise 1
1) x 2 + 5x + 6 2) 2 x 2 + 5x + 2 1) x = 2 2) x = 10 3) y = 12 4) x = 6
3) 3x + 14x + 8 4) 30 x 2 + 47x + 14
2 5) y = 18 6) a = 27 7) y = 2 8) x = 10
9) x = 14 10) a = 3 11) x = 7 12) y = 4.5
5) 6x 2 – x – 12 6)12 x 2 – 5x – 25
13) b = –5 14) y = –6 15) b = –2.5 16) a = 2
7) 24x – 24 x – 18 8)15x 2 + x – 6
2
17) a = 3 18) x = 2 19) x = 3 20) x = 2
9)8x 2 – 2 x – 3 10) 3x 2 + 2 x – 8 21) x = 7 22) y = 2.5 23) b = –2 24) y = –5
11) 24x – 2 x – 15 12) 6x 2 – 38x + 56
2

13)42 x 2 – 58x + 20 14)12 x 2 – 39x + 30 Exercise 2

15) 72 x 2 – 70 x + 12 16)15x 2 + 29x – 14 1) x = 3 2) x = 5 3) x = 6 4) x = 5
5) x = 3 6) x = 2 7) x = 6 8) x = 2
17) 25x 2 + 30 x + 9 18) 36x 2 – 24 x + 4 9) x = 3.5 10) x = 3 11) x = 2.5
19)16x 2 – 40 x + 25 12) x = 3.5 13) x = –1 14) x = –4
20)16x 2 + 72 x + 81 15) x = 4 16) x = 9 17) x = 8 18) x = 2
19) x = 3 20) x = –8 21) x = –3

Factorising Exercise 3
1) x = 3 2) x = 4 3) x = 1 4) x = 7
Exercise 1 5) x = 5 6) x = 6 7) x = 5 8) x = 2
1) 3(x + 2) 2) 5(x – 3) 3) 3(2 x – 5) 9) x = 4 10) x = 2 11) x = 8 12) x = 3
4) 4(z + 3) 5) 4(2 y + 5) 6) 6(3y – 1) 13) x = 1 14) x = 5 15) x = 2 16) x = 4
7) 4(4x – 5) 8)8(2 x – 3) 9) 2(7a – 8) 17) x = 20 18) x = 10 19) x = 2 20) x = 7
10)12(2 x + 3y) 11)8(3x + 2y) 21) x = 8 22) x = 3 23) x = 5 24) x = 7
12) 7(3a + 2b) 13) 2(4x – 9z)
14) 9(2 y + 3z) 15)8(3 p – 5q) Exercise 4
16) 3(a + 1) 17) 16(x + 1) 1) x = 12 2) x = 12 3) x = 48
18) 5(1 – x 2 ) 19) 2(3a – 2b + 4c) 4) x = 8 5) x = 20 6) x = 18
20) 5(a + 2b – c) 21) 3(4 – 3a + b) 7) x = 18 8) x = 12 9) x = 12
10) x = 6 11) x = 32 12) x = 90
13) x = 12 14) x = 12 15) x = 15
Exercise 2 16) x = 9 17) x = 18 18) x = 14
1) a(2 – a) 2) y(6 – y) 3) x(9 – x) 19) x = 6 20) x = 5 21) x = 6
4) x(x – 3) 5) 3a(1 + 2a) 6) b(4 – b) 22) x = 7 23) x = 2 24) x = 13
7) 2y(1 + 2y) 8) 5x(x – 2) 9) 4z(z – 3) 25) x = 24 26) x = 20 27) x = 63
10) 3x(2 – 3x) 11) 4y(4y + 5) 28) x = 40 29) x = 11 30) x = 8
12) 16z(2 – z) 13) 5a(4 – 7a)
14) 3x(6x – 5) 15) 9a(3a – 2)
Exercise 5
1) x = 2 or 3 2) x = –1or 5
Exercise 3 3) x = –2 or – 5 4) x = –2 or 3
1) a(b + 2) 2) x(4 – y) 3) 2a(3 – b) 5) x = –6 or 2 6) x = –4 or – 1
4) 3a(1 + 2a) 5) 3x(3x – 2) 7) x = –3or – 2 8) x = 3or 2
6) x(2y + 6 – x) 7) a(12b – 1 + a) 9) x = –4 or – 1 10) x = 4 or1
8) 7a(a – 2b) 9) 2 πr(2r – 3h) 11) x = –9 or – 2 12) x = 9 or 2
10) 5y(4x + y) 11)8xy(2 – z) 13) x = 5 or 2 14) x = –5 or – 4
12) 4 pq(2 – p) 13)13 pq(2 p – q) 15) x = –3or – 4 16) x = 5 or – 2
14) ab(9b – a) 15) 4 xy(4x – 3y) 17) x = –6 or1 18) x = 10 or – 1
19) x = 2 or – 7 20) x = –2 or10
21) x = –3or 7 22) x = 3
23) x = 5 24) x = –4 or 8
 Page 89
Straight Line Graphs
and Simultaneous Equations 21) 22)
1) 2)
7
3
3
1

3) 4) 23) 24)
4
–2
4
–1

5) 6)
25) 26)
–4
–6 3 5

8)
7) 5
1
27) 28)
7
3

9) 10)

–3 1 29) 30)
4 6

11) 12)

31) 32)
–1
–6

13) 14)

1
33) 34)
–4
3

15) 16)
35) 36)
4
1

–7 –2

17) 18) 37) 38)

3 2
–3
39)
–3
19) 20)
1 1

–2
 Page 90

11) F = 9 C + 32 12) b = 3
y–a
Exercise 2 5 2
1) x = 1.5 y = 1.5 2) x = 1 y = 4 v 2
v – u2 2
3) x = 2 y = 3 4) x = 2 y = 4 13) h = 14) s =
2g 2a
5) x = 2 y = –2 6) x = 0.5 y = 3 2(s – ut) 2s
7) x = 2 y = 3 8) x = 3 y = 2 15) a = 16) v = –u
9) x = –1.5 y = 1 10) x = 3 y = 3 t2 t
11) x = –1 y = –1 12) x = 1.5 y = 3 N2 X 3A – y
17) 18) 19)
13) x = 3 y = 3 14) x = –1 y = 3 4π 2 4l 2
2 py Dx 2
Trial and Improvement 20) 6p + y 21) 22)
R Cz
Exercise 1 2
 C – d2
23)  
1) 3.4 2) 3.8 3) 4.4 4) 4.6 5) 5.1 Iy 100I
24) 25)
6) 4.3 7) 3.9 8) 4.9 9) 5.2  x PT  t 
Exercise 2 26) A + r 2 27) R – 2 A
1) 4.3 2) 5.6 3) 7.2 4) 9.3 π π
5) 3.5 6) 3.7 7) 7.5 8) 9.8 C(x – c)
28) x – 2a 29)
9) 4.0 10) 3.6 11) 4.1 12) 4.9 a2
13) 5.5 14) 4.7 15) 4.7 16) 3.7 a
30) –a
17) 5.7 18) 3.6 19) 11.3 ins x2
20) 5.0 cm
Bearings
Inequalities Exercise 1
1) x > 3 2) x < 3 3) x > 5 4) x < 6 1) A 2) C
5) x > 10 6) x < 10 7) x ≥ 4
8) x ≥ –5 9) x ≤ 5 10) x ≥ 3 o
30 o
11) x < 4 12) x > –6 13) x ≤ 6 45
14) x ≥ 7 15) x < 11 16) x < 9
17) x > –8 18) x < 8 19) x ≤ 8 B D
20) x ≤ 21 21) x ≤ 10 22) x < 6
3) 4) K
23) x < –14 24) x > –3 25) x ≥ –10
26) x ≤ 5 27) x ≤ 3.5 28) x < 2.5 H o
29) x > 8.5 30) x < 7 31) x ≤ 22 52
32) x ≤ 15 33) x ≤ –40 34) x > –12 o
35) x > 80 36) x > 42 37) x ≥ 10 27
38) x < 5 39) x < 5 40) x > 2 J
41) x > –2 42) x > –1 43) x ≤ –3.5 5) L G Q
44) x ≤ 2 45) x ≤ 3 46) x > 7 6)
47) x > 9 48) x > 6 49) x ≤ 6
50) x ≥ 25 51) x ≤ 20 o
28
o
43
Inequalities– Graphs M
1) (4,3) (5,3) (3.5,3.5) etc 7) P
2) (3,3) (4,3) (4,4) (4.5,4.5) etc T 8)
3) Area bounded by (4,4) (7,4) (7,7) o U
82 R
4) Area bounded by (4,4) (6,6) (2,6) o
5) Area bounded by (2,1) (2,4.8) (3.8,1.9) 76
6) (4,–2) and (5,1) 7) (2,4) (3,3) and (4,1) V
Exercise 2
Rearranging Formulae
1) N 29 o E or 029o 2) S 58o W or 238o
1) D = C 2) r = C 3) m = F 3) N 28 o W or 332o 4) S 63o W or 243o
π 2π a
4) h = V 5) h = 2 A 6) h = 3V 5) N 74 o E or 074o
lb b πr 2 Exercise 3
y–c 1) S 36o E or 144o 2) N 54 o E or 054o
7) c = y – mx 8) m = 3) 9.4 km S 88o E or 092o
x
9) h = v 10) r = v 4) 152 km S 33 o W or 213o
πr 2 πh
Parallel Lines
1) 115o , 65o , 115o 2) 123o , 57o
o
3) 48 4) 127 o 5) 137o, 43o , 50o
6) 71o , 29o , 151o, 29o 7) 112o , 31o , 31o
 Page 91

8) 36o , 36o , 36o , 60o , 120o 10) 109o , 37o , 109o 11) 90o , 35o , 55o
9) 124o , 56o , 56o 12) 120o , 26o 13) 50o , 40o
10) 48o, 132o , 42o
Regular Polygons
Nets and Isometric Drawing 1) 120o , 60o 2) 140o , 40o 3) 150o , 30o
(Diagrams are not to scale- use as a guide 4) 162o , 18o 5) 90o , 72o , 54o
only) 6) 135o , 67.5 o , 22.5 o , 45o , 45o
7) 51.4o, 64.3 o , 51.4 o , 128.6 o , 90o
1)
8) 8 9) The interior angle of a regular
pentagon is not a factor of 360o but in a regular
hexagon it is. 10) 9 11) 144o, 72o
2)
An example would be Irregular Polygons
4x4x3 or 12x1x4 etc 1) 65o 2) 125o 3) 105o 4) 120o
o
5) 80 , 160o 6) 120 o 7) 72 and 144o
o

8) 135 o 9) 140 o 10) 290o

3)
Pythagoras Theorem
1) a. 15cm b. 10cm c. 12.53cm
2) a. 3.606cm b. 8.139cm c. 11.53cm
3) 5.657cm 4) 12.37cm 5) 4.899cm
6) 40.82cm 7) 15cm 8) 4.031cm
4) 9) 9.899cm 10) 6.062cm 11) 4.583cm
3 12) 3m 32cm 13) 8.485cm
5
6
Trigonometry
Exercise 1
1) a. 6.143 b. 9.801 c. 12.08 d. 4.404
e. 12.76
5) 2) a. 44.90o and 45.10o
b. 49.79 o and 40.21o
c. 38.68o and 51.32o d. 26.39 o and 63.61o
e. 36.87o and 53.13o
3) a. 5.866 b. 8.428 c. 12.34 d. 15.83
6) e. 14.37
Exercise 2
6 6 1) a. 4.045 b. 6.343 c. 1.915 d. 5.891
6 6 e. 5.634
3 3
3 2) a. 25.84o and 64.16o b. 45.57o and 44.43o
6 3 6 c. 31.86o and 58.14o d. 38.57o and 51.43o
6 6 e. 39.36o and 50.64o
7) 3) a. 6.625cm b. 15.42cm c. 11.65cm
d. 15.45cm e. 16.35cm
Exercise 3
1) a. 5.124 b. 5.211 c. 5.684 d. 55.60
e. 18.22
2) a. 59.53o and 30.47o b. 53.97 o and 36.03o
c. 42.51o and 47.49o d. 61.39 o and 28.61o
e. 36.25o and 53.75o
8)
3) a. 16.66 b. 10.70 c. 43.09 d. 31.40
e 5.750
Mixed Exercise
a. x =4.292 b. x =15.65
c. 49.81o and 40.19o d. x =4.890
e. 27.09o and 62.91o f. 42.37o and 47.63o
g. 17.46o h. 18.71 o i. 4.201m, 1.613m
Triangles j. 4.047cm k. 5.711o
1) 105o 2) 70o and 60o 3) 150o, 60o
4) 70o , 60o 5) 121o , 130o , 109o Reflections, Rotations and Translations
6) 39o , 27o , 12o 7) 43o , 94o , 137o 1) a. (1,–1) (4,–3.4) (4,–1)
8) 27o , 27o , 63o 9) 60o , 120o b. (–1,1) (–4,3.4) (–4,1)
 Page 92

2) a. (0,4) (–3,4) (–3,2) (0,2)

b. (2,–2) (5,–2) (5,0) (2,0) 9)
3) a. (3,–1) (0,–1) (0,–3) (1,–3) (3,–2)
b. (–5,2) (–2,2) (–2,4) (–3,4) (–5,3)
c. (1,2) (4,2) (4,0) (3,0) (1,1) 10)
4) a. (3,–1) (3,1) (1,1) (1,–1)
b. (–3,1) (–3,–1) (–1,–1) (–1,1)
5) a. (2,–2) (5,1) (4,2) (1,–1)
b. (–2,2) (–5,–1) (–4,–2) (–1,1)
6) a. (0,–4) (2,–1) (–2,–1) 11)
b. (0,4) (–2,1) (2,1)
7) a. (2,–1) (4.4,–4) (2,–4)
b. (–2,1) (–4.4,4) (–2,4)
c. (–5,–4) (–2,–1.6) (–2,–4)
8) a. (1.6,–1) (1.6,–3) (–1,–3) (–1,–1)
b. (–4,–0.6) (–6,–0.6) (–6,2) (–4,2) 12) 9.4km
9) a. (2,3) (2,–1) (0,–2) (–2,–1) (–2,3) (0,4)
b. (–5,–1) (–1,–1) (0,–3) (–1,–5) (–5,–5) Degree of Accuracy
(–6,–3) Exercise 1
10) a. (4,2) (4,0) (–1,–2) (–1,0) 1) a. 4000 b. 5200 c. 460 d. 800
b. (–6,0) (–4,0) (–2,–5) (–4,–5) e. 15000 f. 23000
2) a. 23300 b. 23300 c. 23000
Enlargements d. 20000
1) (4,8) (12,8) (12,4) (4,4) 3) a,b,f,g.
2) (3,9) (12,3) (3,3) 4) a. 1250 1349 b. 2450 2549
3) (1,2) (3.5,2) (3.5,–3) (1,–3) c. 4,150 4,249 d. 22,500 23,499
4) (–1,1) (0,–1) (–2,–1) e. 65,000, 74,999 f. 6500 7499
g. 204,500 205,499 h. 235 244
Similar Shapes i. 745 754 j. 1345 1354
1) a. FDE b. 3:2 or 1.5:1 c. 4.8cm d. 6.6cm Exercise 2
2) a. 4:5 or 1:1.25 b. 3m c. 2.6m 1) 121.5cm 2) ≤, < 3) 19. 25, <
3) a. DBC b. 1.8cm c. 1.4cm 4) 7.815, 7.825 5) ≤, <
4) a. DCE b. 1:2.5 or 2:5 c. 7cm d. 3.6 Exercise 3
1) 9.35, 9.45 2) 62.25, 62.35
Locus Problems 3) 19.45, 19.55 4) 27.55, 27.65
1) 2) 5) 19.615, 19.625 6) 25.635, 25.645
7) 15.5, 16.5 8) 17.25, 17.35
9) 37.25, 37.35 10) 6.475, 6.485
11) 9.335, 9.345 12) 1.325, 1.335
3) 4)
Circumference of a Circle
Exercise 1
1) 25.136cm 2) 37.704cm 3) 62.84cm
4) 113.112m 5) 50.272m 6) 43.988m
5) 6) 7) 37.704cm 8) 50.272cm 9) 75.408cm
10) 7.2266m 11) 53.414m 12) 72.266m
Exercise 2
7) a) AB 1) 6.365cm 2) 33.42cm 3) 73.20cm
b) 4) 4.774m 5) 81.48cm 6) 56.02m
Exercise 3
1) 785.5cm 2) 786m 3) 26m
4) 579 turns 5) 21 turns 6) 979 turns
8) 7) 55cm 8) 4m 8cm 9) 54m
 Page 93

Area and Perimeter Questionaires

1) a. 9cm 2 and 12cm These answers are examples only, there are
b. 48cm 2 and 28cm many other acceptable answers
c. 30.6cm 2 and 24.8cm 1) a How often do you use a supermarket
(i) Once a week
d. 78.12cm 2 and 35. 4cm (ii) Less than once a week
e. 0. 96m 2 and 4m (iii) Never?
f. 1. 44m 2 and 5m b Do you think there is a need for a
2) a. 96cm 2 b. 31. 92cm 2 c. 68cm 2 supermarket in the town?
d. 67.5cm 2 (i) Yes
3) a. 28.3cm 2 b. 176. 7cm 2 (ii) No
(iii) Don't know
c. 1134.3cm 2 d. 38.5cm 2 2) The local supermarket– good cross-section
e. 10. 2cm 2 f. 237.8cm 2 of ages- potential customers.
4) a. 48cm 2 b. 41cm 2 Residents of the high street- they will be
c. 21. 994cm 2 d. 150cm 2 most affected, so probably biased.
e. 117. 45cm 2 f. 204cm 2 Residents of the local housing estate-cross-
5) 150 6) 50. 272cm 2 , 28.568cm section of ages- potential customers
3) No- they will probably get a one-sided
Volume view of the problem (biased).
Exercise 1 4) Would you be prepared to buy vegetarian
1) 2000 2) 3 3) 3,400,000 4) 15000 food from the tuck shop? yes/no.
5) 550 6) 1.2m3 7) 500 8) 53 Which two of the following would you prefer
9) 28,000 10) 3 to eat? a) Fruit b) Yoghurt c) Oatmeal
Exercise 2 biscuits d) Nuts e) Wholemeal sandwiches.
5) a. Biased- needs a group more
1) 1080cm 3 2) 25, 5 3) 16.8m 3 representative of people in general.
3
4) a. 384.895cm b. 385ml b. (i) Biased- same age group
5) 90 6) 3142 litres 7) 577.8g (ii) Probably the least biased group as
8) 11 times 9) 691cm 3 10) 100cm they are more representative of people in
11) 4. 94mm 12) 350, 000 litres general
(iii) Biased- no young people.
Compound Measure (iv) It is important to ask these people
Exercise 1 as they will be most affected but they will be
1) a. 20, 80, 10 b. 15, 60, 7.5 biased.
c. 30, 120, 15 6) Not a good questionairre because a) it only
2) a. 160 miles b. 40 miles c. 2 12 hours gives one choice, b) it puts pressure on the
3) a. 90 miles b. 45mph staff to agree by saying the manager thinks it is
4) 2 hours 5) a. 15 miles b. 70 miles a good idea. It would be better to give the two
Exercise 2 choices with no comment about whether the
1) a. 3g b. 2.75g 2) 3 red 1 blue etc. manager likes it. A third choice such as 'None
3) 1 red 3 blue etc. of these' or a space for their own comment
4) multiples of 1 red and 3 blue. would make it less biased.
3 3 Pie Charts
5) a. 4g per cm b. 3g per cm 1) 10o , 150o , 100o , 80o and 30o
Exercise 3 2) Angles of the pie chart are:
1) 125ml 2) 800ml 3) 700g 90 o , 60o , 105o , 75o and 30o
4) 4 litre 5) 150ml 3) Angles are:
Exercise 4 20 o , 100o , 160o , 20o and 60o
1) a. B b. D 2) 4 tins of 5 litres 4) 187.5o, 30o , 120o , 22.5 o
3) 4 packets 5) 160o , 40o , 60o , 48o , 20o and 32o
4) 1 tin of 5 litres and 1 tin of 2 litres 6) a. 6 b. 720, 540, 360, 270, 180, 90.
7) a. 12o b. 84 o , 156o , 96o , 24o
Formulae for Area, Volume and Perimeter
Exercise 1
1) a, (iii) b. (v) 2) a. (v) b. (iv)
3) a. (i) b. (iv) 4) a. (vi) b. (iii)
5) a. (v) b. (ii)
Exercise 2
Area. 4, 5, 11, 14, 16 Volume. 7, 20
Perimeter 3, 9, 18
 Page 94
Frequency Polygons Exercise 2
Exercise 1
1)
1
70
6 60
5 50
4 40
3 30
2 20
1 10
0 0
89 90 91 92 93 5 15.5 25.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 95.5

2) 2)

10 30
9 25
8
7 20
6 15
5
4 10
3 5
2
1 0
0 5 15.5 25.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 95.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3)
3) 20
18
16
100 14
80 12
10
60 8
6
40 4
20 2
0
0 142.5 153 163 173 183
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4)
4)
300
30 250
25 200
20 150
15
100
10
50
5
0 0
8.15 8.25 8.35 8.45 8.55 9.05 9.15
236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243
 Page 95
Exercise 3
1) a) is getting worse c) Mike is not consistant but
has best times.
35 4)
30
25 5
20 4.5
15 4
10
3.5
5
0 3
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2.5
(i) A-Europe, B- Australia (ii) Temperatures 2
are high in August in Europe and high in J F M A M J J A S O N D
February in Australia. (iii) May and October.
b) Company A's profits are steadily rising but
company B's profits went down substantially
9 during the first half of the year, but rose again
8 during the second half.
7
6 Mean, Median, Mode and Range.
5 Exercise 1
4
3 1)
2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 8 7 7 5 4 2 1
0 Mode=1, Range =6
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2)
Personal choices with references made to a) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
the temperatures b) the rainfall. 8 6 9 4 2 2 4 4 6 3
2a) Mode=2, Range=9
3)
6 13 14 15 16 17
5 7 10 13 8 7
4 Mode=15, Range=4
Exercise 2
3 1)
2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 1 2 4 3 2 3 2 1 2
0 Median=5, Range=9
J F M A M J J A S O N D 2)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
b) (i) Profits in 1991 were generally higher 1 2 1 2 2 5 1 2
than in 1992. (ii) Profits are picking up as the
Median=6.5, Range=7
graph is generally rising, but it did the same in
3) Median=62.5, Range=78
1991 and then fell in the new year. (iii) Just
Exercise 3
over 2 million per month
1) 5.6cm 2) 42 3) 5.0 4) 23.14
3)
5) 318.7 6) 2.583 7) 41.25 8) 190
9) 106.3 10) 43.44
13
Exercise 4
12.8 1) 24.15 2) 86.22kg 3) 5
Mean (1)
12.6 1) 34.14mph 2) 36.77mph 3) 43.57
12.4 4) 38.13 5) 31.08mpg 6) 30.2
7) a. Grade 2 b. Grade 3
12.2 c. Grade 1. Grade 2
8) 10.7, 10.6, 10.5, 10.5, 10.5, 10.2, 10.1,
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10.1, 10.2, 10.8, 10.7, 10.6
October
Choose from a)Brian is most consistant b)John
 Page 96

Mean (2) 11) a. 0.5 b. 4 c. 20 d. 0.3 e. 0

1) 2.345 2) 2.3 3) 0.2087 4) 5.64 12) a. 1 b. 3 or 1 c. 2 or 1 d. 0
18 18 6 18 9
Mean (3) 13) a. 1 b. 4 or 2 c. 1
d. 4
e. 1
10 10 5 100 25 5
1) 1.658 2) 5.462 3) 2.051 14) a. 0.8 b. 6
Probability (2)
Mean (4) 5
1) Mean 156.3cm 1)
36
Modal Class 150–160 2) a. 4
or 1 b. 12 or 1 c. 12
or 1
2) Mean 5016 36 9 36 3 36 3
Modal Class 5000–5010 3) a. 2
or 1 b. 16 or 4
20 10 20 5
3) Mean 223.92 3
4) b. or 1 c. 3 or 1
Modal Class 280–320 12 4 12 4
4) Mean 28 hours 52 mins 5) a. 1 2
b. or 1
c. 1
Modal Class 25–30 6 6 3 6
6) a. 1,1 1, 2 1, 3 1, 4
5) Mean 42.2cm 2,1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4
Modal Class 42–43 3,1 3, 2 3, 3 3, 4
2
b. 2 c. or 1
Mean (5) 12 6
2 1 10
1) Mean 13.71 2) Mean 78.46 7) a. or b. or 1 c. 2
30 15 30 3 3
3) Mean 53.06 4) Mean 138.6
Tree Diagrams
Cumulative Frequency
1) a.
5 ( ) ( )( )
1) a. 2 , 3 , 2
5 5
b. 6
25
c. 9
25
2) a. 0. 06 b. 0.56 c. 0.38
80 100 130 150 180 3) 3 , 5 , 3 , 5 a. 3 b. 9 c. 19
7 22 63 83 90 5 8 8 8 8 40 40
13 6
c. (i) £117 (ii) £34 (iii) 41 4) a. b. c. 6
25 25 25
2) a. 5) a. 5
b. 1
c. 13
65 70 75 80 85 90 18 2 18
15 41 77 95 105 110 Relative Frequency
c. (i) 72 (ii) 97 1) 25
3) a. 2) a. (i) 1 (ii) 1 b. (i) 50 (ii) 20
15 2
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1
3) a. 2 b. Too few throws c. 250
3 29 70 118 155 181 186
3
c. (i) 54mph (ii) 168 4) a. 8 b. 625
4) a. 5) a. 3
b. 420 c. 30 d. 75
14
11 13 15 17 19 6) a. 10 b. 20
4 14 33 47 50 7) a. 5, 3 and 2 b. 150
b. (i) 14.2 hours (ii) 2.9 hours. 17.6% 8) a. 109 b. 10,000 c. 120,000
5) a.
20 40 60 80 100 9) a. 23 b. 8
10 32 68 82 84 10) b. 0.57
c. (i) 46 (ii) 9 Simultaneous Equations
1) 4,1 2) 5,3 3) 1,–1 4) 1,3 5) 3,–2
Scatter Diagrams 6) 3,5 7) 1,4 8) 2,3 9) –3,5 10) 5,4
Answers are approximate 11) 2,–1 12) 3,–2 13) 5,6 14) 9,–1
1) a. 56 b. 79 15) 2.5,1 16) 4,–2 17) £2.20, 4.80
2) 58 3) 57kg 4) 11.8cm 5) 40 18) 24,15 19) 25.8, 16.2 20) 120, 90
6) a. 29g b. 18.1cm 21) £18.16 22) 17,6 23) 5,3 24) £12
7) 64mph 8) 3 9) 142cm 25) 11,7
Using simple equations
Probability (1) 1) a) 10n +6m=200 b)8 2) a) x–300, x+300
1) 1 2) 1 3) 15
or 3
4) 1 b) x+300=2(x–300) c) £1800 3) a) 400–x
6 13 35 7 20 b) 175 c) 225 4) 28.8 5) 22, 23, 24 6) 120
1 1 1 1 5
5) 6) 7) 0. 7 8) a. b. c. 7) 4 8) a) 50, 75, 55 b) 70, 95, 75, 120
2 2 6 2 6
5 4 1 9 3 Using Quadratic Equations
9) a. b. or c. or 1) a) 8 b) 5 2) 6 3) b) 10, c) 7 4) b) 5, 100
12 12 3 12 4
10) a. 5
or 1
b. 20 c. 0. 98 5) b) 15 c) £9, 20 6) 9, 12, 15 7) b) 6000
100 200