Module 2

Intro to Differential Calculus

Rudyr Bacolod May 23, 2022

Usain Bolt
Jamaican Sprinter
Beijing Olympics (2008)
Beijing Olympics and World Championship
average
¥;÷

÷*ᵈ
=

rate

""

-1$
Beijing Olympics and World Championship
• a. 5sec Distance (m) 2008 2009 2008 (dif) 2009 (dif)
=

slope 10 1.83 1.89 0

1.83 0
1.89
20 ] 2.87 2.88 1.04 0.99
30 3.78 3.78 0.91 0.9
⑧*#÷÷8 40 4.65 4.64 0.87 0.86
50 5.5 5.47 0.85 0.83
60 6.32 6.29 0.82 0.82
70 ] 7.14 7.1 0.82 0.81
80 7.96 7.92 0.82 0.82
?
•
90 8.79 8.75 0.83 0.83
100 9.69 9.58 0.9 0.83
Average Rate of Change
slope =

1¥

;*÷÷÷Y÷ÉÉ
•

◦→
!
-1 -1
 rate of change
Gradient (Slope) rate of change

-_•;?;
) fca )
hate forth
-

of

-
changes h

? ) -

.
,

÷ rise
"
; Cath) C- (a)
f- line ?
-

gradient tangent
④•-
of
- -
. _
_
.

⑦⇐É..g fcath) fca )

;←④→!
. . . -

Iim
◦
n→◦ h
④
The Gradient of a Tangent

flat . . _
- -
-
-
Example 1 @ tb£2=a2t2a•b•+Ñ-
⑦
y=fCx) •
" "^
"

4ᵗʰ
=
n→◦
f- G) % 1in
(* 4n+hz ) -41
h→◦ h
= -41-0
tim flath) -
fca )
-4
-44,1-1
=
h→°
Inigo
h
=

2
C- 2)
therefore the gradient
)
,

ᵗᵈᵗ¥h
2)
f¥) fC
- =

y=✗2 at C- 2,4 )
= 4 =
¥5 ,
of
( atb) 2
is -4
fc -2 th) -1-2+4
(-252+21-2) Cn) 1- h2
=
-

= 4- 4hth2
 ✗ = 2
; y=É
Example 2
¥ ✗= 7 ; y ¥
-

y=f( ) ×
✗= a
; y = Ya

is at
the point fcath)
f-
=
if (a) =
ta -

at =
-

¥
Ca , at
¥ at 2=4
The neighboring point
-

1in a
h→o Ah ± 54
Cath , at)
a
a Fath)
± 2
= ¥5 a Cath ) a =

h
at
Gradient the points are
tangent
d- am
of = ¥5 .
acathi
"
( 2 E) and C- 2
,
-

£)
f- Cath)
-
flat - n ,

n'Yo
' +
tim ⇐
a

h
h -70
'
-
k

= ¥50 aX( ath)

= ¥70 Hath
( gradient )
= ¥+0T =
-

¥
Exercise

0 0
 9=2×2-1-1 ; ✗ a' 1- 2abtb2

✓ f-(a) f- C- 1) = 2C-172+1
=3

✓f( ath) f( -1+4=21-11-472+1

= 2( c- 1721-21 -
1)(b) th 2) + I
=2TFÑ+h4+ '

= 2- 4h 1- 2h2 + I

=-3 - 4h + 2h2

= 2h
'
- 4h 1- 3

Finding the gradient

f- Cath) f- (a)
-

Iim
h
h-70

( 2h2 -44+3×-31
Iim h
h -20

Iim 2h2 4h -

= h -20 h

Iim
\h( 2h 4) -

= h→o 4

Iim (2h 4) -

of
= h-70
the gradient -1 is
-4

210) -4 Therefore , , =
✗
=
at
= -4 gyu ,
y=
Y = I -
3×2 ; ✗ =/

f- ( l) I -3672
f- (a)
=

= -2

f- ( Ith) I 311th)2
f- Cath)
-
=
=

=L -
3-(1725+52)
= I -
3 -
6h -
3h2

-
2- 6h - 3h2
=

Gradient of the curve

1-2-64 -
3h2) -
C- 2)
lim n
h -70

- 6h -
3h2
lim
= h
h -70

Kl 6- 3h)
Iim
-

=
h→o H

C- 6- 3h)
=
Iim
h-70

=
-6 -
36)

= -6
Exercise
Derivative Function

the derivative is '

f- (x) g- (x)

y the derivative is
dd÷ ***When we use this limit definition to find the derivative function, we say
we are differentiating from the first principles.
'
¥ ,
Example
Exercise
Example
Exercise