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in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
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education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

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“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 7588 (1992): Barytes for explosives and pyrotechnic

composition [CHD 26: Explosives and Pyrotechnics]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 ( Reaffirmed 1998 )

BARYTESFOREXPLOSIVESAND
PYROTECHNICCOMPOSITIONS-
SPECIFICATION .
. ^
(First Revision )

UDC 622-368.92 : 662 l/*4

@ BIS 1992

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

November 1992 Price Group 3

Explosives and Pyrotechnics Sectional Committee, CHB 026

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the
draft finalized by the Explosives and Pyroiechnics Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Chemical Division Council.
Barytes, a naturally occurring form of barium sulphate, is widely used as an inert ingredient in the
explosive and pyrotechnic formulattons. For a long time now the explosive manufacturer~s and formula-
tors have been experiencing difficulty in procuring suitable quality of raw materials. Indian Standards
already published on this subject cater to the requirements of rubber and chemical industries and oil-
well drilling. This standard has been formulated with a view to facilitate procurement of assured quality
of barytes for explosive and pyrotechnics industry.
This standard follows in the series of Indian Standards on barytes. Other standards on this subject are:
IS 1683 : 1960 Barytes for rubber industry, and
IS 2881 : 1964 Barytes for chemical industry and oil-well drilling.
This standard was originally published in 1974. On the basis of the experience gained since this stand-
ard was first published, it has been revised to widen its scope to include two additional grades of
barytes for use by the Defence, namely, barytes - ammunition grade and barytes - for use as an
ingredient of high explosive ( HE ) substitutes.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised)‘. The number of
significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in
this standard.
 IS 7588 : 1992

Indian Standard
BARYTESFOREXPLOSWESAND
PYROTECHNlCCOMPOSITIONS-
SPECIFICATION
Revision)
/First
1 SCOPE 5 PACKING AND MARKING
This standard prescribes requirements and 5.1 Packing
methods of sampling and test for barytes inten-
Unless agreed to otherwise between the purcha-
ded for use in explosive and pyrotechnics
ser and the supplier, the material shall be
compositions.
packed in clean jute bags with a polyethylene.
2 REFERENCES liner.

The Indian Standards listed below are necessary 5.2 Marking

adjuncts to this standard: The packages shall be marked legibly and inde-
IS No. Title libly with the following information:
15 : 1973 Linseed oill raw and refined a) Name and description of the material,
( second revwon ) b) Net mass of the material,
265 : 1987 Hydrochloric acid ( third revision ) c) Indication of the source of manufacture,
323 : 1959 Rectified spirit ( revised) and
878 : 1975 Measuring cylinders (&rt revision ) d) Lot number in code or otherwise to ena-
1070 : 1992 Reagent grade water - Specifi- ble the batch of manufacture to be traced
cation ( third revision ) back from records.
1683 : 1973 Barytes for rubber industry (first 5.2.1 Each package may also be marked with
revision ) the ‘Standard Mark’.
3 GRADES 6 SAMPLING
The material shall be of the following grades:
6.1 Preparation of Test Samples
Grade 1 - Barytes, for general use in explo-
sive and pyrotechnic industry Representative samples of the material shall be
prepared as prescribed in Annex-A of IS 1683 :.
Grade 2 - Barytes-Ammunition grade, for 1973.
use by Defence
Grade 3 - Barytes, for use as an ingredient 6.2 Number of Tests
of high explosive ( HE ) substi-
6.2.1 Tests for the determination ofpH, grit
tutes by Defence.
contents, fineness and bulk density shall be
conducted on each of the individual sample.
4 REQUIREMENTS
6.2.2 Tests for the determination of all the
4.1 Description remaining characteristics given in Table 1 shall
The material shall consist essentially of barium be carried out on the composite sample.
sulphate, bleached or unbleached, in dry powder
6.3 Criteria for Conformity
form. It shall be white to off-white in colour
and free from all extraneous matter. 6.3.1 For Individual Samples
4.2 The material of all the three grades shall For declaring the conformity of the lot:
comply with the specific requirements for indivi- X + 0.6 R shall be less than or equal to the
dual grades laid down in Table 1 when tested maximum specified requirements, and
according to the test methods prescribed in
Annex A. Reference to the relevant clauses of X - 0.6 R shall be greater than or equal to
Annex A is given in co1 4 of Table 1. the minimum specified requirements.

1
IS 7588 : 1992

where requirements of all the characteristics tested on

X = mean value of test results, and the composite sample, the test results shall
R = range of results. satisfy the corresponding specified require-
63.2 For Composite Sample ments.
For declaring the conformity of the lot to the

Table 1 Requirements for Barytes ~for Use in Explosives and Pyrotechnic Compositions
( Clauses 4.2 and 6.2.2 )

Characteristic Requirement for Method of Test

lc. c---------
Grade 1
A-_--_,_-_,
Grade 2 Grade 3 ’
( Ref to CI No.
in Annex A )
,411 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
i) Bat; sulphate, percent by mass, 90’0 96’0 96’0 A-2

ii) Matter soluble in dilute hydrochloric 3’0 1’0 A-3

acid, percent by mass, Max
iii) M;ttt; siolile in water, percent by 0’5 0’5 0’1 A-4

iv) pH ( 0; aqueous extract ) 6 to 9 7 7 A-5

v) Cariza$tex( as CaCOs ), percent by 1’0 0’5 0’5 A-6

vi) Grit, dercent by mass, Max 0’001 Nil Nil A-7

vii) Loss on drying ( at 105 to 110°C ), 0’5 0’5 0’5 A-8
percent by mass, Max
viii) Bulk density, g/ml 2%5( Mitt ) - 4’0 to 4’5 A-9
ix) Fineness ( wet sieving ) : A-10
Material. retained on 125-micron 1s 0’002 0’25 -
sieve, percent by mass, Max
Material retained on 63-micron IS 1’0 - Nil
sieve, percent by mass, Max
X) Oil absorption, percent by mass - 6to 12 - A-11
xi) Acidity (as H&O4 ), percent by A-12
mass, Max
a) to methyl orange - Nil
b) to phenolphthalein - 0’05
xii) A$$ni~ty(~s NaXOs ), percent by A-12
9
a) to methyl orange - 0’05
b) to phenolphthalein - Nil

ANNEX A
( Clause 4.2)

METHOD OF TEST FOR BARYTES FOR EXPLOSIVE AND PYROTECHNIC INDUSTRY

i&l QUALITY OF REAGENTS remove soluble sodium compounds including

silicates and filtered off. Barium remains insolu-
A-l.1 Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals ble as carbonate together with the heavy metak.
.and distilled water ( see IS 1070 : 1992 ) shall be The residue is treated with sodium carbonate
employed in tests. solution to remove the adhering sulphates. The
NOTE - ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that insoluble carbonates are treated with dilute
do not contain impurities which affect the results of hydrochloric acid till the precipitate completely
analysis.
dissolves. Barium is precipitated from the acidic
A-2 PRINCIPLE so!ution as barium sulphate with the additi,on
The material is fused with sodium carbonates, of ammonium sulphate which is ignited and
she fused mass is leached out with water to weighed.

2
 IS 7588 ‘. 1992

A-2.1 Reagents Filter on an ignited and weighed Gooch crucible,

wash with hot water several times by decanta-
A-2.1.1 Sodium Carbonate - anhydrous. tion. The beaker should be scrubbed thoroughly
A-2.,-2 Sodium Carbonate Solution -’ 2 g/l. to remove any adhering precipitate. Continue
the washing until they are free from chlorides.
A-2.1.3 Dilute Hydrochloric Acid - 1 : 4. Ignite the crucible in a muffle furnace for 35 mr-
A-2.1.4 Ammonium Hydroxide - 20 percent, nutes at 850°C. Cool in a desiccator and weigh.
( m/m ). Make a blank determination in a similar manner
with an equal amount of sodium carbonate and
A-2.1.5 Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid - See other reagents.
IS 265 : 1987.
A-2.3 Calculation
A-2.1.6 Methyl Orange Indicator Solution
Barium sulphate,
Dissolve 0.1 g of methyl orange in 100 ml of percent by mass = loo (A--B)
water. M
where
A-2.1.1 Ammonium Sulphate Solution - 3 percent.
A = mass, in g, of the precipitate with the
A-2.2 Procedure material,
B = mass, in g, of the precipitate in the
A-2.2.1 Weigh about 8 g of sodium carbonate.
blank determination, and
Place an appropriate quantity of it in a platinum
crucible so as to form a layer about 6mm thick. n/r = mass, in g, of the material taken for
Separately, weigh accurately about 1 g of the the test.
finely powdered material and place it on top of
A-3 DETERMINATION OF MATTER
the sodium carbonate layer in the crucible. Mix
SOLUBLE IN DILUTE HYDROCHLORIC
both with a glass rod. Add the rest of sodium
carbonate also to the crucible. Cover and fuse ACID
the mixture~over a Meker burner for 40 minutes. A-3.1 Reagents
The fusion is started with a low flame which is A-3.1.1 Dilute Hydrochloric Acid - approxima-
gradually raised to full blast. This precaution is tely 5 N.
necessary to prevent loss due to overHowing.
,Cool and as the melt cools, rotate the crucible A-3.2 Procedure
so that the fused mass solidifies in a thin layer. Weigh accurately about 2 g of the material into
This will shorten the time required for leaching. a 50-ml beaker, add 50 ml of dilute hydrochloric
Leach out the fusion with 200 mi of hot water in acid. Boil for IO minutes, dilute to 100 ml and
a 400-ml beaker. Filter through a 15-cm filter allow to stand overnight and then filter through
paper ( Whatman No. 40 or equivalent ). Wash a filter paper ( Whatman No. 42 or equivalent ).
several times by decantation. Remove the Wash the filter paper with hot water until the
crucible from the beaker, transfer the insoluble filtrate is free from chlorides. Dry the filter
carbonates to the filter, wash with hot sodium paper and transfer it into a weighed crucible
carbonate solution and test after the twetfth previously ignited. Heat the crucible on a
washing to be certain that sulphates have been burner and subsequently in a muffle furnace at
removed completely. 850°C. Weigh the crucible and the contents
after cooling in a desiccator and repeat this
A-2.2.2 Cover the funnel containing the insolu- process of heating, cooling and weighing until
ble carbonates with a watch-glass and add hot constant mass.
dilute hydrochloric acid carefully, in small
portions at a time to prevent loss, catching the A-3.3 Calculation
solution in a 600-ml beaker. Add hot dilute Matter soluble in dilute hydro-
hydrochloric acid to the platinum crucible and *t---M,
chloric acid, percent by mass = 100 x -
the beaker in which the leach was made and -14
pour over the filter. Wash the paper with hot where
water until free from chlorides. M = mass, in g, of the material taken for
A-2.2.3 Neutralize this solution with ammonium the test; and
hydroxide usingmethyl orange as indicator. Add M, = mass, in g, of the ignited residue.
a4 to O-6 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
Dilute to 400 ml with hot water, bring the solu- A-4 DETERMINATION OF MATTER
tion to boiling and add 25 ml of hot ammonium SOLUBLE IN WATER
sulphate solution dropwise with constant stirring A-4.1 Procedure
to prevent co-precipitation of calcium and
magnesium. Transfer the beaker to a warm hot Weigh accurately about 100 g of the powdered
plate and allow to stand for at least 4 hours. material. Wet it thoroughly with a *ma!1

3
IS 7588 : 1992

quantity of water and then add 200 ml of freshly A-6.3 Calculatiou

boiled and cooled water. Boil for 5 minutes. Cool
the mixture to room temperature. Make up to Carbonate ( as CaCOs ),
=(A--B)xNx50x100
250 ml with freshly boiled and cooled water, percent by mass
1000 x M
shake and filter. Reject the first 50 ml portion of
the filtrate. Take a 100 ml portion from the rest where
of the filtrate in a tared platinum dish and A= volume, in ml, of standard sodium
evaporate to dryness on a water-bath. Dry the hydroxide solution required for blank;
residue obtained to constant mass in an oven at B = volume, in ml, of standard sodium
105 to 110”c.
hydroxide solution required for sample;
A-4.2 Calculation N= normality of standard sodium hydroxide
solution; and
Matter soluble in water, 250 A
percent by mass = - A4 M = mass, in g, of the material taken for the
test.
where
. A = mass,in g, of the residue; and A-7 DETERMINATION OF GRIT
M = mass, in g, of the mat-erial taken for A-7.0 Outline of the Method
the test.
The portion retained on 75 micron IS sieve is
A-5 DETERMINATION OF pH boiled with aqua regia. The insoluble residue
obtained after digestion with aqua regia is dried.
A-5.1 Weigh 2.0 g of the material and transfer
The dried residue is then sieved through 125
it completely to a 250qml beaker. Add 100 ml micron IS sieve and the portion retained on the
of carbon dioxide-free water and stir for 30
sieve is weighed. If the residue ( retained on
minutes. Allow the solid material to settle and
125 micron IS sieve ) scratches soda ~glass then
then filter. Collect the filtrate and determine its
the mass previously obtained is expressed as
pH by any suitable method. Use of glass elec-
grit.
trode system is preferable.
A-5.1.1 In case of dispute, the method using A-7.1 Apparatus
glass electrode system shall be adopted.
A-7.1.1 Sieves - 75 micron and 125 micron IS
A-6 DETERMINATION OF CARBONATES sieves.

‘~-6.0 Outline of the Method A-7.1.2 Glass Slides - soda glass.

The material is heated with sufficient water and A-7.2 Reagents
the carbonates in aqueous suspension are reac-
ted with a known excess of standard hydrochlo- A-7.2.1 Aqua Regia
ric acid. The excess acid is then back titrated
with standard sodium hydroxide solution and Prepared by mixing 3 volumes of concentrated
the carbonate is calculated as calcium carbo- hydrochloric acid with one volume of concen-
trated nitric acid.
nate.
A-6.1 Reagents A-7.3 Sieve 100 g of the material through 75
micron IS sieve with 25 mm brush. Boil the
~-6.1.1 Standard Hydrochloric Acid - O-1 N. portion retained on the sieve with about 50 ml
of aqua regia in a/150-ml beaker ( covered with
A-6.1.2 Standard Sodium Hydroxide Solution - a watch-glass ). Cool the beaker, dilute the acid
0.1 N. with water and then decant the diluted acid
carefully. Wash the residue remaining at the
A-6.1.3 Bromophenol Blue Indicator Solution - bottom of the beaker three times with water and
0.1 g in 100 ml of rectified spirit. dry the residue in an air-oven.
A-6.2 Procedure A-7.3.1 Sieve the dried residue carefully through
Weigh accurately about 10 g of the material in 125-micron IS sieve with a light camel hair
a 500-ml conical flask and add about 200 ml of brush. Weigh out accurately the portion retain-
previously boiled water. Run in from burette a ed on the sieve and carry out the soda glass
known excess of standard hydrochloric acid. scratching test as prescribed in A-7.5. If the
Titrate the excess acid with standard sodium residue scratches soda glass, express the mass
hydroxide solution using bromophenol blue as ( previously obtained ) as percentage grit.
indicator. Carry out side by side a blank deter- NOTE-Care should always be taken not to lose
mination following exactly the same procedure. any material at any stage of the test.

4
 Is 7588:1992

A-7.4 CdCU~atiOD per minute ) until a constant volume of the

material is obtained. Note down the volume of
Grit, percent by mass = 100 X*
the material.

where
M = mass, in g, of the residue scratching
soda glass; and
Ml = mass, in g, of the material taken for
test.
A-7;5 Soda Glass Scratch Test
Take a portion of the residue ( retained on 12.5-
micron IS sieve ) in between the two clean glass
slides and press the slides by hand along the
length and breadth of the glass. Examine whether
any scratch on the glass is obtained. If there is
any scratch on the glass then the residue is
termed as grit.

&SY+S~GERMINATION OF LOSS ON
--I
A-8.1 Procedure CB

Weigh accurately about 10 g of the material and All dimensions in millimetres.

heat in a squat weighing bottle at 105 to 110°C.
Cool and weigh till a constant mass is obtained. FIG. 1 APPARATUSFOR THP DETERMINATIONOF
BULK DENSTY
A-S.2 Calculation
Loss on drying, percent by mass = 100 x -z-
A-9.3 Calculation

Bulk density, g/ml = $

where
Ml = loss of mass, in g, on drying; and where
M = mass, in g, of the material taken for M = mass, in g, of the material taken for the
the test. test; and
A-9 DETERMINATION OF BULK DENSITY V = final volume, in ml, of the material fill-
ing the cylinder.
A-9.1 Apparatus
A-Z0 DETERMINATION OF -FINENESS
A-9.1.1 Assemble the apparatus as shown
in Fig. 1. The measuring cylinder shall be of A-10.1 Procedure
2.50-ml capacity ( see IS 878 : 1975 ). The base
of the measuring cylinder shall be ground flat. Place about 25 g of the material, accurately
The distance between flat-ground part of the weighed, on to 125 micron and 63 micron IS
base of the measuring cylinder A and the rubber sieve placed one above the other, the former
base pad B, when the cylinder A is raised to the being on the top. Shake mechanically or by hand
full height, shall be 25 & 2 mm. for 15 minutes. Wash the material on each sieve
with water, gently brushing with a soft camel-
A-9.1.1.1 The subber base pad B shall have a hair brush until ~the washings are clear. Dry the
shore hardness of 42 to 50. residue to constant mass at 100 rt: 2°C.
A-9.1.2 Pan of the balance shall be at least
10 cm in diameter and the balance shall have an A-10.2 Calculation
accuracy of not less than 0.1 g.
Fineness ( material retained
A-9.2 Procedure on respective IS sieve ),
percent by mass =4M
Place about 100 g of the material, accurately
where
weighed, in the graduated cylinder fitted in the
apparatus and -tap it ( at the rate of 180 drops M = mass, in g, of the residue on the sieve,

5
IS 7588 : 1992

A-11 DETERMINATION OF OIL A-12.1.3 Methyl Orange - Dissolve 0.01 g in

ABSORPTION 100 ml of water.
h-11.1 Apparatus A-12.1.4 Standard Hydrochloric Acid - 0.10 N.
A-11.1.1 Glass Plate - ground.
A-12.2 Procedure
A-11.1.2 Palette Knife - plastic.
Suspend 10 g of the material in 50 ml of rectified
A-U.2 Reagent spirit and shake for half an hour. Filter the
solution and make up the volume to 100 ml with
A-11.2:1 Linseed Oil - See IS 15 : 1973.
rectified spirit. Take 2S ml of this solution and
A-11.3 Procedure add 5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator, if
alkalinity ( red colouration ) is observed, titrate
Take about ~20 g of barytes in a ground glass with N/l0 hydrochloric acid. If no alkalinity
plate and weigh accurately (Ml). Gradually add ( red colouration ) is observed, add 5 drops of
linseed oil to it and rub the oil thoroughly onto methyl orange indicator to another aliquot of
the whole of the mass with a palette knife for the solution. If orange red colouration is obser-
about 20 minutes to obtain a coherent mass ved, titrate against N/l0 sodium hydroxide.
and weight it ( Mz ). Determine the mass of the
oil used by taking the difference ( Ms - M1 ). A-12.3 Calculation
Determine the mass of the oil required for 100 g
of dry barytes and from it, calculate the percent Percent alkalinity ( as Na2C03 )
oil absorption.
=- TV x 0.005
10
3 x 4
= TV x 0.212 1
A-12 DETERMINATION OF ACIDITY OR
ALKALINITY
Percent acidity ( as H,SO, )
A-12.1 Reagents
TV x 0.004 9 x 4
A-12.1.1 RecfiJied Spirit - See IS 323 : 1959. = 10 ~- - TV x 0.196 0

A-12.1.2 Phenolphthalein Indicator Solution - where

Dissolve 0.10 g in 100 ml of 60 percent rectified
* ., TV
spun. -. = titre
_ value.
Standard Mark
The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian
Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on
products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been
produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of
inspection, testing and quality control which is devised-and supervised by BIS and operated
by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuous!y checked by BIS for con-
formity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence
for the use of the Standard Mark may~be granted to manufacturers or producers may be
obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standarda.
Bureau of Indian Standard8

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any
form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BIS.

Revision of Indian Standards

Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are
issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the
latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the
following reference:

Dot : No. CHD 026 ( 0110 )

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of lssue Text Affected

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