ISSN: 2536-7153 SJMLS

Sokoto Journal of Medical Laboratory Science 2022; 7(2): 101 - 108

SJMLS - 7(2) - 012

Drug Abuse Among Nigerian Youth and Its Consequences – A Review of Literature.
Adepeju Akinlawon Adetiloye 1, Osunwoye Adedapo Abel* 2
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Osun Teaching Hospital Osogbo, Nigeria,
West Africa 1, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Osun Teaching Hospital
2
Osogbo, Nigeria, West Africa .
Author for Correspondence*: +234-703-305-1489/[email protected]/
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.12

Summary to cure sickness and to make life healthy. It is true

The available evidences suggest that it is true that that drugs are used for beneficent therapeutic
drugs are used for beneficial therapeutic purposes, effective substance for good health, but
purposes, effective substance for good health, they are being abused by people especially youths.
but they are also being abused by people They use it illegally and unlawfully, thus it becomes
especially youths. They use it illegally and harmful to the body. The impact of drug abuse
unlawfully, thus it becomes harmful to the body. among Nigerian youths has been considered a moral
Studies have described a growing impact of drug decadent. Drug abuse have had a negative impact as
abuse among Nigerian youths to the extent of well as brought shame to our society. The Nigerian
being considered a moral decadent. The Nigerian youths are deliberately using drugs illegally,
youths are deliberately using drugs illegally, unlawfully and intentionally.
unlawfully and intentionally. while many are
ignorantly or knowingly depending on one drug Many of our youths ignorantly or knowingly
or the other for their daily activities. The depend on one drug or the other for their daily
objective of this review is to highlight the activities. According to the statistics provided by
dangers and consequences of drug abuse World Health Organization (WHO), drug
particularly among the Nigerian youths. The including alcohol and tobacco, have caused a lot
review, which consists of literature search of of road accidents and have claimed more lives
journals and chapters in books, provides an than other sicknesses suffered by mankind. As
insight into common drugs and substances that International Drug Trafficking is gaining
are abused, causes of drug abuse, social effect, strength, the international cooperation against
prevention or control measures and laboratory drug trafficking is steadily losing strength and
investigations. Hence, for its public health lacking organization.
significance, there is an urgent call for increased
vigilance and improved knowledge/research- The report from world narcotics agencies has
driven approaches to the diagnosis and shown that confiscation level has fallen below 10
management of drugs and substance of abuse. percent of the global circulation level of drug
internationally while the mortality figures from
Keywords: Drug Abuse, Nigerian Youth, Review. drug abuse have tripled since 1988. In the United
States, medical emergencies coming from
Introduction cocaine taken rose by 1000 percent between
Drugs are commonly used by everybody whether 1976-1993. The case of heroine taken has
young or old. Drugs are not only useful for human increased by 6 percent from 1988-1993 and by
beings; they are also useful for animals for good 155 percent in the case of cannabis. Cocaine
health. Human beings give drugs to their animals addicts between the age of 12 and 17 increased
when they discovered that they are not healthy. Drug by 166 percent from 1994-1995 in various
is an effective substance in the life of any living thing countries. Drugs are being abused every day.

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In Nigeria, this issue of drug abuse has been a Drugs Abused in Nigeria
serious concern for the society. Youths have taken Drug abuse has been a scourge in our country
to drug abuse. In recent times, the rate at which Nigeria especially among the youths. As seen in
youths abuse drugs have been so alarming and the definition, it is the intentional misuse of a
worrisome that much effort has been made to drug without a written prescription from a
eradicate it. As the youths are abusing drugs, the doctor. It is necessary to know those drugs that
effort being made to eradicate it is losing strength. are being abused. In this chapter, attempt will be
Drug abuse and addiction have a destructive or made to write out the names with full explanation
devastating consequence but our youths are still of most of the drugs, their uses, effects or
into drugs. “Not only that it destroys the affected consequences, causes of drug abuse etc.
individual but it has a pervasive effect on all those
who know or work with the individual (Barber, Common Drugs that are Abused Substance
1985; Barber, 1967). Drug addiction is a tragedy in 1. Alcohol: This is one of the most commonly
our Nigerian society. abuse substance. It is the drug of choice in our
society and most people are taking it. People
Statement of Problem do not regard it as a dangerous drug because
Drug abuse among youths in Nigeria is now a in Africa, especially in Nigeria, it is part of
common phenomenon. Females are not exempt in their daily life and they drink it often.
this evil act. A recent research shows that 15-20 According to Agha (2003:86);
percent of drug addicts are females while males Most Africans believe that wines, “ogogoro”
constitute about 50-55 percent, all comprising of local gin and spirits are believed to be a
traders, students, unskilled workers and the necessary passport to social acceptance.
unemployed as shown by a retrospective study Beer is advertised daily as drink which makes
carried out by NDLEA (Nigerian Drug Law a man truly masculine, lagers and light also
Enforcement Agency, 1997). are said to promote the feminine touch.

Drug abuse has contributed in the set back of the Alcohol is most often viewed as a depressant,
society. In spite of this, many youths do still although it can be a stimulant and for some it is a
indulge in it. In many psychiatric hospitals in hallucinogen. Alcohol includes the following:
Nigeria, many of our youths are there undergoing ethyl, methyl, prophyl, butyl and amyl. During
drug treatment. The number of the youths that are the 1940's and 1950's, there was a view that
insane are more than old people that are insane and alcoholism is a disease and that it can be cured as
most insanity among youth are mostly caused by an illness. In 1957, the American Medical
drug abuse. Some youths are school drop-outs Association (AMA) came to a conclusion that
because they could not continue due to the rate of alcoholism is a disease.
drug, they have taken that resulted to their insanity.
Many youths are homeless, wanderers, derelicts, Alcohol abuse manifests as drinking becomes
unemployed, rapist, thugs, armed robbers and so increasingly important and take priority over
on because they are drug addicts. A lot of lives and every other thing else. “Alcohol abuser or problem
property have been wasted in accident and drinker or alcohol addict is a person who drinks too
violence because of drug. Youths that are supposed much on a regular basis”. Sometimes they try to
to be the hope of their families and the society at control themselves from drinking but it has
large and useful to themselves have wasted their penetrated inside them so much that it takes time
lives, all because of drugs and it has been a serious and the special grace of God to stop alcoholism.
problem in Nigeria. Alcohol abusers are at risk for continuing in
alcoholism. Alcoholism can increase or emerge as
Aim of the Study a result of the death of a loved one, trouble,
The aim of this study is to make the Nigerian unemployment, dismissal from work, betrayal,
youths to be aware of the dangers of drug abuse, it's retirement, family problem etc.
effect as well as the consequences of drug abuse

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Cannabis (Marijuana): Aka and Akunyili Heroin: This is a powerful illegal drug and it is
(2003), says that “marijuana is the common made from morphine. There is a brown heroin
name for the plant cannabis sativa. The plant has that is obtained through the purification of opium
been used for centuries, primarily for its and that brown substance is due to the dirt
euphoric (mood altering) effects and is one of the contained in the substance. At the end of the
leading drugs of abuse particularly among the purification, the white heroin is gotten. The
youths”. This drug first emerged in the United opium can be swallowed raw with water or
States of America (USA) in the 1920's. It is licked. The brown powder can be mixed with
dangerous and addictive, by 1960's and 1970's it cigarette. Heroin is one of the worst drugs as it
became popularly known by the youths till today damages severely more than other drugs both
day. It is an indigenous product, cheapest among physically and mentally. Heroin gives an addict
drugs and most widely abused by the youths. pleasure when abused and he develops tolerance
(Abel, 1980). Cannabis was brought into Nigeria to the heroin and endangers the life of the addict.
by slave traders and soldiers who returned from
the world wars. This drug is widely used by Opium: This is derived from juices of the opium
millions of people because of its effectiveness in poppy. It produces physical and psychological
mood alteration. Through research, it has been dependence. It is used in relieving of pains and
revealed that it is being abused by all grades and inducing of sleep. It is licked, swallowed or put in a
strata of Nigerian society especially the youths hot tea after cutting off the semi-molten opium
and adolescents. This drug has been causing a lot resin into small bits. It is commonly prescribed to
of problem to the Nigerian youths till this day. patients for the relieving of pains. People abuse
(Aka and Akunyili, 2003). this drug on the grounds that it is good for pain
relief. Opium abuse begins when the patient starts
Cocaine: This is a stimulant. It is a white powder taking medication on their own term, more
that is typically sniffed. In its original form, it is frequently than what their doctor has
chewed as a leaf from the cocoa plant. Cocaine is recommended. It is not only used by the patients
a byproduct of the resin of cocoa plant. The plant for their relief, opium abuse is even more prevalent
is mostly found in the South American countries in those who use it as a recreational drug.
like Peru, Chile, Columbia, Bolivia etc and was
used initially to enhance physical endurance or Valium: This is a drug that is used to reduce
by doctors as a local anesthetic before it's abuse anxiety. It is commonly recommended CNS
by addicts (Barber, 1967). Cocaine is abused (Central Nervous System) depressant used to
when used in a wrong way. It is done by mixing produce beneficial drowsy or calming effect in
the raw cocaine powder with sodium bicarbonate individuals suffering from sleep disorders or
(Na2Co3) in a particular proportion. The mixture anxiety. If valium is used as prescribed by a
is poured into a conical flask with distilled water doctor it is not addictive but when used as not
and heated over an unseen burner and the rock it prescribed by the doctor, it becomes addictive
will form is what the addicts use. They take it by and an abuse.
combining it with other drugs. The powdery
substance is injected or snorted by the addicts Methadone: It is a drug that is used to treat
(Hollister, 1995). “Snorting is the process of people that are trying to stop taking the illegal
inhaling cocaine powder through the nose, where drug. Since its legalization in 1947, it has
it is absorbed into the bloodstream, smoking become a highly abused drug. It is used to break
involves inhaling cocaine vapour or smoke into one's addiction to another substance. It is
the lungs where absorption into the bloodstream effective in withdrawal symptoms that is causing
is as rapid as by injection while injection, is the pains in the patient. When it is taken incorrectly
use of a needle to release the drug directly into or against the prescribed direction, it can easily
the bloodstream” (Lauer, 1978). These three move from an abuse situation into a full edged
methods of cocaine usage can lead to addiction addiction. It is available in tablets, liquid and
and other severe health problems. injection forms. It is safely and carefully
given/administered by a highly trained staff but

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the drug is rampant everywhere and it makes it doctor. When the sickness is gone, they start to
one of the fastest addiction substances available. have craving for the vicodin even when the
sickness has been cured. This causes the addict to
Morphine: Morphine is a powerful drug made go to any length in order to get the drug without
from opium that is used to reduce pain. It is being the prescription from the doctor. Some people do
prescribed by doctors for its effectiveness in not observe the addiction until it is too late.
reducing pains in patients who are suffering from Vicodin is very expensive and when you become
chronic illness like cancer. It can be used easily, an addict to it, having craving, it is likely that you
even though it is used for health treatment. It is will be spending much to satisfy your craving.
abused when it is being used habitually and
recreationally without the prescription of the Pemoline: This is a newly made drug. Others
doctor. It can be administered in tablet form were in existence before it. It is coated in white
through injection. The longer one takes colour and it has the same size with panadol and
morphine, the more he needs to experience the paracetamol. It is not costly and because of its
same level of effect. cheapness, it is being abused by many people.

Percocet: This is a narcotic drug prescribed to Sedatives: These are drugs that are used to
patients by doctors for the management of mild induce sleep or to cause relaxation. They are
to moderate post-operative pain. The medication barbiturate, capable of producing psychological
which is a mixture of oxycodone and and physical dependence. It is being abused
acetaminophen is part of the opioid family of when taken more than what is prescribed or
drugs and as such it is highly addictive. Percocet without the prescription from a doctor.
is abused when the patients do not follow the
prescription as directed by the physician. The Hallucinogen: This drug affects people's minds
patient may take more than the prescribed and makes them see things that are not really
number of pills at a given time or take the there or what they are or what they thought they
medication more often than what is are. According to the findings of the researcher,
recommended. The drug can be chewed or the word hallucination gave rise or brought about
crushed and the powder sniffed. the name of this drug “hallucinogen”.
“Hallucination is the fact of seeming to see or
Amphetamines: These are Central Nervous hear somebody or something that is not really
System (CNS) stimulants. They are used in there, especially because of illness or drugs”
medicine to counteract narcolepsy, sometimes to (Hornby, 2000). This drug makes one to
overcome drowsiness. It increases energy, hallucinate. Examples of the drug are mescaline,
dissipation of fatigue and loss of appetite. They psilocybin, lysergic acid, diethylamide etc.
can be taken orally in the form of tablets or (Agha, 2003).
injection through the vein. The injection form is
efficacious more than that of tablet form because Crystal Methamphetamine: This is one the
tablet form takes time to dissolve. abused drugs. This drug is extremely dangerous
but it induces sleep and appetite for food.
Vicodin: This is a narcotic drug, prescribed by
doctors to alleviate all types of pain. Vicodin Xanax: This is a commonly prescribed short-
addiction creates a variety of negative term drug used to treat severe anxiety and panic
consequences for every addict. Its consequences disorders. The possibility of being xanax addict
can be costly, both physically and emotionally is extremely high especially after two months of
like many other drugs of its kind, it is caused by use as tolerance to the drug builds over this
the desire to enhance one's mood. Vicodin is period of time. It is administered naturally with
abused when it is taken without the prescription its pill or injecting into the vein.
from a doctor. It is also abused when the problem
for which it was initially taken is no longer in Oxycotin: This drug is commonly used in the
existence and it is still being used. Sometimes medical field to treat chronic and other ailments
people abuse it unintentionally. They initially of patients. It is used in treating severe pain and
take it for pain alleviation as prescribed by a cancer. Oxycotin addiction is becoming more

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and more rampant as the use of the sustained

release oxycodone is more readily available. It b. Family: The parental background of a child
can be administered in tablet form but the can expose a child to all sorts of evil including
common one is by crushing the tablet and inject drug abuse. This could be due to family
them with needle or snort them to increase the problems like broken homes, polygamous
effectiveness and to reduce the time taken to feel family, poverty, cultural influence on children,
the hit of the drug. Often the oxycotin addict will having a father who is a drug addict etc. if a
ingest the large dose of oxycotin into his body. child has a father who is a drug addict, it is
This can lead to a dangerous overdoes which can likely that the child will become a drug addict,
become fatal. “like father like son”. As the child watches his
father there is every tendency that the child will
Inhalants: This includes glue and other similar become a drug addict or smoker and from
toxic substance. They are poured or sprayed into a cigarette smoker he will graduate to other hard
plastic bag, on a cloth etc and the fumes are inhaled. drugs (Eze, P.O. Personal Communication,
Intoxication starts after two or three deep breaths. 2009). “I was a drug addict before because my
With prolonged use, tolerance will increase and the father was a drug addict and several times, I
addict will start to require more substance. used to see him snorting drugs into his nostrils,
drinking the tablet form and injecting the drug
There are many other drugs but these ones are into his body. In an interview with the
popularly or commonly abused drugs. They are researcher a girl of 20 years, she said, “I am a
useful as seen but the effects or consequences are drug addict because I cannot behold and bear
far more than their usefulness. They have the enmity between my parents, any time they
rendered and are still rendering people especially start their quarrel, I take drug to forget about
our youths useless. Thereby causing problem to them” (Ikenwa, M.I. Personal
their families and to the society in general. It is Communication 28th April, 2009). Some
not only rendering them useless, but also killing parents who engage too much in the struggle
them. It is good to be exposing these drugs and for survival tend to neglect their
their effects so that ignorant abusers and others responsibilities on their children.
should know about them and their menace.
A Nigeria drug abuse students' activist had
Causes of Drug Abuse this to say; Most parents in Nigeria today in
There are a lot of factors that cause drug abuse their bid to make end meet, searching for
among the Nigerian youths. greener pasture always abandon and neglect
a. Peer Group: This is one of the common the proper welfare of their wards and
causes of drug addiction and abuse. It is a form children and expose them to the “unofficial”
of societal influence on the affected youth. assistance of the so called house-maids. This
“Peer group is a group of people of the same ugly incidence will psychologically depress
age or social status” (Hornby, 2000). A lot of such children thereby given rise to CHILD
evil like drug abuse, armed robbery, rape, ABUSE which is an off-shoot of DRUG
among our youths in Nigeria and beyond are ABUSE. Such youths will end up in taking
caused by peer groups. Someone can be solace in some illicit hard drugs gradually
influenced to become a drug addict by his and systematically ruined uncontrollably,
friends who are drug addicts. Some people are thereby destroying the moral values of the
drug addicts today because they associate with Nigerian society via her youth. Wasted
drug addicts and they do not want to be called generation of course. (Drug abuse activist).
“Jew guys” by their friends. Some people are When parents fail to carry out their
compelled by their friends to become drug responsibilities on their children, they are
addict. One would like to be identified with his exposing the children to evils like drug abuse
friends or peer group and when one is addicted and others. So many youths are drug addicts
to a particular drug, he or she will have the today because they were not brought up
craving for that drug thereby losing the sense religiously or trained well by their parents.
of direction in his or her life.

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c. Emotional Stress: Some youths are f. Search for a Dreadful Identity: This is
emotionally stressed but instead of looking commonly found on the streets, some
for a proper medical attention and secondary schools and in higher institutions.
counselling, they will embark on self- Some youths like to have bad look, they like to
medication, like taking drugs that are not be identified as “bad guys” and to be feared
prescribed by a doctor which leads to drug (Ugwu, I.C. Personal Communication 1st
abuse. In this way they will be using hard June, 2009). “I did not fail any examination
drugs that are illegal and unwholesome for when I became a drug addict on campus even
their body to stop the stress. Some youths though I was not serious in academic, I do not
desire coffee or other hard drugs in order to even write all the exams, my countenance and
subdue sleep without knowing that nature appearance dreads students and lecturers. I
cannot be cheated. When one is an addict to a was not a cultist but a drug addict”. Some
particular drug, the craving for that drug will people are abusing drugs today because they
be high. The habitual use of this substance want to have dreadful appearance so that
may lead to drug abuse. people will be afraid of them.

d. Frustration: This is another fast and g. Brain Charge/Sensation: Some people are
commonest factor that leads to drug abuse. drug addicts today, abusing drugs because they
Many youths are frustrated in our society today. are seeking for sensation. They want to
Many of our youths' desire or dreams are “charge” their brain. This is habitually done by
unfulfilled. Some are in the higher institutions criminals for carrying out their criminal acts
without graduating because of references and like robbery, raping, thuggery etc. With the
other hidden things that are setting them back. abusing of drugs, they can carry out their crime
Frustration can set in based on a number of without having human sympathy, taking
factors such as graduating from higher human beings as nothing because their brains
institution without getting any employment, have been charged and they can kill their
being disappointed by their loved ones, death of fellow human beings easily. In an interview
a dear one or bread winner, incessant strike by with a criminal at Nsukka Prison, he says “If I
university lecturers, dismissal from job, take a wrap, my brain go charge well for action,
conspiracy and accusation etc. All these I no go be person again, and person no go be
contribute to drug addiction and abuse. person for me again” (Enebe, O.M. Personal
According to an informant who suffered the Communication 15th June, 2009).
ugly effect of drug abuse, he said; “I had many
references and my girlfriend I loved so much, Social Effects of Drug Abuse
whom I used to help financially in the school Apart from the effects of drug abuse on a victim
betrayed my love for her and I could not bear all or an addict as already discussed, it also has
these, I became a drug addict” (Okeh, E.E. social and economic effects.
Personal Communication 6th May, 2009).
Another person said, “I was a drug addict for 3 Family Problem. Drug abuse is one of the
months when I could not get a job 6 years after I causes of family problem. A lot of families are
had finished serving my father land, what a having problem because of drug abuse. A man
country!” (Eke, S.O. Personal Communication who is a drug addict and who drinks to stupor can
20th May, 2009). Frustration has led the beat his wife and children to death especially
Nigerian youths into drug abuse. when the children are still tender. Such man
e. Imitation: Children easily imitate things cannot take care of his family.
whether good or bad especially from
someone they see as a model. For fathers that ii. Blood Transmitted Diseases: The society is
are cigarette smokers or drug addicts, at risk because of this menace called drug
children can easily imitate them unless they abuse. Many of the drug addicts are dying of
have not seen them in the act. In practicing or blood transmitted diseases like AIDS
smoking with an ordinary paper gradually, because most of them indulge in the
they will become perfect in cigarette exchange of unsterilized injection equipment
smoking or in drug addiction. for injecting of drugs into their bodies. With

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this the society is at risk because AIDS can (h) FelaAnikulakpo Kuti, the greatAfro beat regent.
spread in the society through them. They can (i) Timi Hendrix, the great Rock 'N' Roll exponent.
contact AIDS through coitus because these (j) Charles Sunny Liston, the Black looking
drugs increase the urge for sex most times legend who died of drug abuse at the age of
without a condom. There was an incident that 38 years at Las Vegas in 1970.
happened at Jalingo between 1999-2000 (k) Arnaldo Ochoa Sanchez, Division general,
where some of the prisoners were sharing Cuban Revolutionary Armed forces.
injection needles in taking their drugs. When (l) Brenda Fassy, a great South African
one of them was released due to illness, it was Musician, etc. (Nyame, 2007).
discovered through the medical test carried
on him that he was affected with HIV VIRUS Drug abuse prevention or control measures
(AIDS). He died and all the inmates that used
Most people do not understand the effects of drug
the same injection equipment died of AIDS
(Dauda, 2006). abuse especially on the youths. It is very necessary
that drug abuse should be prevented or controlled.
iii. Violence/War: Drug abuse causes violence Drug abuse is a growing problem and drug abuse
in the society. When one is engaged in drug prevention should also be a growing measure and
abuse, he can carry out any evil act. In the stronger in order to over-power the cankerworm.
higher institutions, most crisis are caused by
drug addicts. If they are only cultists, they Family: The prevention of drug abuse should
can hold themselves and have human start first from the family.
sympathy in time of crisis but because of the
drug, they cannot restrain themselves. This Conclusion.
can lead to violence and consequent maiming Drug is a substance that affects the function of a
of lives, loss of lives and property. living cell, which is used to cure and prevent the
occurrence of illness. A drug becomes a
iv. Insanity/Death: Drug abuse has disgraced “medicine” when it is used to save life, it becomes
and degraded our youths to the lowest ebb. It “poison” when it causes death, it becomes “mis-
is quite obvious that most of the Nigerian use” when people indulge in self-medication to
youths that are insane today were drug cure illness and it becomes “abuse” when it is used
addicts. In Nigeria, the number of youths that indiscriminately. Due to the habitual use of drugs,
are insane are more than that of old people. drug addicts especially youths cannot do without it
Not only that they are mad because of drug and it has been a problem to our country Nigeria
abuse but they are dying of it. Many of our and the world in general.
youths are school dropouts because they
have gone mad due to the drugs they have The impact of drug abuse among the Nigerian
taken. A society that is losing her youths has youths has been a stigma to the society. The
no future and is in trouble. effects of drug abuse especially among our
youths and society are so devastating. Many of
Some Prominent Victims of Drug Abuse the Nigerian youths depend on one form of drug
Nigerian youth emulate: or the other. The rate at which youths abuse drugs
(a) Diego Maradona, a great Footballer from is so alarming and worrisome. Many youths have
Argentina. tried one drug or the other and many of them are
(b) Bob Maley, the Reggae musician who died 80 drug abusers today. The family, church,
of heart failure. community, school, Nigerian government have
(c) Beat Johnson, a great runner from Canada. role to play in controlling drug abuse in Nigeria
(d) Gerd Muller, the great German Football ballestro. (Bamaiyi,1997) had this to say: Certification or
(e) Samuel Okwaraji, a late Nigerian Footballer. no certification, Nigeria must continue the drug
(f) Bob Hayas, a 100 metres gold medalist. war. In this hide and seek game, our primary
(g) Estaban De Jesus, the great boxer who objective is to salvage the nation from the
became a drug addict and died of AIDS. scourge of hard drug.

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In this regard, youths should reject drug abuse Ames, F. (1958). “A Clinical and Metabolic Study
because it may seem good to them but it leads to of Acute Intoxication with Cannabis Sativa
doom. Finally, the researcher is advocating that and It's Role in the Model of Psychosis”.
all hands should be on deck to make sure that Journal of Mental Sciences Inter-Varsia
drug abuse is eradicated or curbed in our country Fellowship, London;104: 972-999.
Nigeria so that our youths should be useful to Amorha, C. (Personal Communication 25th
themselves, their individual families and our June, 2009).
country Nigeria as a whole Andrensson, S., Allebeck, P., Engstrom, A. and
Rydberg, U. (1987). “Cannabis and
Acknowledgements Schizophisnia”. Journal of Longitudinal
Study of Swedish Conscripts. Lancet 2:
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Citation: Adepeju Akinlawon Adetiloye, Osunwoye Adedapo Abel. Drug Abuse Among Nigerian
Youth and Its Consequences – A Review of Literature. Sokoto Journal of Medical Laboratory
Science; 7(2):101-108. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.12
Copyright: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author and source are credited.

SJMLS Volume 7, Number 2 June, 2022 Page 108