Albashaer International School

American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

Name: ……………………………………………..Class: ………………Date:………………………

Revision sheet 2
Light , Mirrors, lenses and the human eye

1. The diagram below represents the electromagnetic spectrum.

a. List the following three types of electromagnetic energy in order from shortest wavelength to longest
wavelength: infrared, x rays, red visible light.
Shortest _______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Longest
b. List two forms of electromagnetic energy that have shorter wavelengths than visible light.
_______________________________________________________________________________
c. Identify one type of electromagnetic energy that has a shorter wavelength than green light.
_______________________________________________________________________________
d. Identify the color of visible light with the longest wavelength.
_______________________________________________________________________________
e. UV radiation is used to treat a vitamin D deficiency. People should not use a UV lamp for long periods
of time. State two risks of exposure to high levels of UV radiation.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. According to the diagram below, which two forms of electromagnetic energy mostly pass through the
atmosphere to Earth’s surface?
_____________________________and ________________________________________

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

3. Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below and on your knowledge of science.
The diagram shows various forms of electromagnetic energy

Four forms of electromagnetic energy are listed below: visible light ultraviolet light x rays microwaves
Complete the chart below by identifying the form of electromagnetic energy from the list that is described by
each fact. Use each form of energy only once.

Facts about forms of electromagnetic energy Form of electromagnetic energy

May cause sunburn

Used to detect broken bones

Made up of various colors

Used for cooking food

4. Visible light is divided into a spectrum of colours of different wavelengths. Red, orange, violet and
green are part of the visible spectrum. Red has the longest wavelength and violet has the shortest
wavelength of the visible spectrum. Complete the table shown below with the appropriate colour
(orange or green) for each wavelength.

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

5. The wavelengths of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum range from approximately 10 −13 m for
gamma to 103 m for radio waves as shown in Figure .

a. Name the radiation in the regions A and B.

____________________________________________________________
b. Name TWO properties common to all waves in the electromagnetic spectrum.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c. State one use of:
ultraviolet rays. ______________________________________________________
gamma rays. ________________________________________________________
infrared rays. ________________________________________________________

6. There are seven types of electromagnetic wave.

(a) Wave A is used in mobile phone communication. Write down the name of this type of electromagnetic
wave. ..............................................................................................................................................
(b) Wave B can travel along optical fibres by reflection. Write down the name of this type of electromagnetic
wave. ..............................................................................................................................................
(c) A radio wave has a frequency of 3000000Hz. It has a wavelength of 100m.
(i) Calculate the speed of this radio wave. answer ................................................ m/s.
(ii) Complete the sentences about wave A.
The frequency of wave A is ................................................ the radio wave. The speed of wave A
is ................................................ the radio wave.

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

7. The diagram represents a person who heard thunder 15 seconds after seeing lightning

a. If it takes 5 seconds for the sound of thunder to travel 1 mile, how many miles was the person from
the lightning bolt? _______________ miles

b. Explain why the person heard the thunder after seeing the lightning.
____________________________________________________________________________________
c. Explain how sound travels through the air to the observer.
____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Three features X, Y and Z of an electromagnetic wave are shown in the diagram.

Write down the names of the three features.

__________________________________________________________________________________

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

9. Amaya uses a prism to produce a spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation from the Sun, as shown.

a. What is the electromagnetic radiation arriving at point C?

_________________________________________________
b. Describe how Amaya could detect the infrared radiation arriving at point
A. ........................................................................................................................................... ................
......................................................................................................................
c. Give one example of how infrared radiation can be
used. ..................................................................................................................................................
10. The following Figure 8 shows a ray of light entering a glass block.
label the angle of refraction with the letter “ r “

11. The following figure shows the protractor used to measure angles i and r.

On the protractor, draw the normal, the angle on incidence = 400 and the angle of reflection, show the
directions of the incident and reflected rays.

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

12. Figure 8 shows an archer fish. It hunts insects by shooting them with water from its mouth.
i) Where would the fish see the insect? Mark this position with an ‘X’.
ii) Label the angle of incidence i and the normal on Figure 8.
iii) Underline the word that describes the effect of light shown in Figure 8. (Reflection, Refraction,
Diffraction).

13. The Figure shows a ray of light going from air into an optical fibre and then travelling through part of
the optical fibre.

Which pair of angles correctly identifies the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction? ______________
14. Match the letter of each lens or mirror shown with the correct description below.

___convex mirror
___convex lens
___concave lens
___plane mirror
___concave mirror

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

15. Why does black paint appear black?

________________________________________________________________________________

16. Harley learns that a campfire can be started by using a concave mirror and sunlight. The diagram
represents three parallel rays of sunlight hitting a concave mirror and light ray 1 being reflected.

a. Describe the paths of light rays 1, 2 and 3 as they would be reflected by the mirror.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
b. Explain why a red apple appears red.
__________________________________________________________________________________
17. Sam, Jan and Ann have different vision. Look at the diagrams. They show how light is focused when it
enters their eyes.

Jan’s vision is normal. Sam and Ann have different problems with their vision.
Describe the problems that Sam and Ann have with their vision.
Explain how lenses could be used to fix these problems.
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

18. An object is placed close to a convex lens as shown below. Draw a ray diagram on the grid to show how
the image forms.

a. Underline: The image that forms on the screen is (magnified, diminished).

b. State one property of the image formed. _______________________________
c. Name an application for the lens when used as shown above.__________________________________

19. An object, 1 cm high, is placed 4 cm away from a convex lens of focal length 2 cm.

a. Draw a ray diagram on the grid provided to show how the image forms.
b. State three properties of the image formed.
__________________________________________________________________

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

c. Name an application for the lens when used as shown above.

__________________________________________________________________
20. A concave (diverging) lens is fitted into a
door to make a security spyhole. The
following Figure shows how this lens
produces an image.
a. Describe the image formed .
_________________________________
_________________________________
b. What is another use for a concave lens?
A magnifying glass
Correcting short sight
To focus an image in a camera

21. The Figure shows a diagram of a human eye.

Name and mention the functions of the labelled parts of the eye.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
22. A light bulb is placed between a convex lens and the principle focus of this lens, at position N shown in
Figure. The light bulb is then moved to position M, a large distance from the lens.

Describe how the nature of the image formed changes as the light bulb is moved from position N to position
M.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

23. The ray diagram below shows the lens set up for a simple projector.

Complete the ray diagram by adding the missing rays.

24. A candle stands 1.0 m away from a plane mirror mounted on a wall.

a) Complete the ray diagram to show how light rays are reflected. The diagram should include a normal.
b) On the ray diagram, label an angle of incidence i and an angle of reflection r.
c) How far is the image behind the mirror? ________________________________
d) Underline the correct answers. The image formed is (real, virtual) and it is (magnified, same size).
e) Name the property of images formed by plane mirrors that makes it difficult to read words.
__________________________________________

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

25. Draw a ray diagram for each of the following cases, then describe the image formed.

1. Type:____________________Orientation:________________________Size:_________________________
Location: _______________________________

2. Type:____________________Orientation:________________________Size:_________________________
Location: _______________________________

3. Type:____________________Orientation:________________________Size:_________________________
Location: _______________________________

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

26. label the parts of the eye

1. __________________

2. __________________

3. __________________

4. __________________

5. __________________

6. __________________

7. __________________

Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.

1. Describe the structure and function of the eye’s lens.

2. Relate the way the iris and pupil work together.

3. What two kinds of cells does the retina contain?

4. What function is performed by each of these two kinds of cells?

5. Explain the way the retina and the optic nerve work together.

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

Choose the correct answer:

1. The diagram shown represents four waves traveling to the right in the same transmitting medium.
Which type of wave is represented?
A. elliptical C. longitudinal
B. torsional D. transverse

2. Which two wave representations in the diagram have the same amplitude?

a. A and C B.A and B

C. B and C D. B and D

3. The graph below represents the displacement of a particle in a medium over a period of time.

The amplitude of the wave is

a. 4.0 s B.6.0 s C.8 cm D. 4 cm

4. The diagram here represents four waves traveling to the right in the same transmitting medium
What is the wavelength of wave A?
a. 1 cm
b. 0.5 cm
c. 0.75 cm
d. 0.25 cm

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

5. Use these graphs to answer the question.

Wave A Wave B

The two waves above are traveling at the same speed. Which statement best describes the
difference between the waves?
a. Wave A has a higher frequency than wave B.

b. Wave A has a lower frequency than wave B.

c. Wave A has a higher amplitude than wave B.

d. Wave A has a lower amplitude than wave B.

6. Which of the following graphs best represents the relationship of the frequency of an electromagnetic
wave to its wavelength?

a. B.

C. D.

7. The diagram below shows a wave with four numbered parts.

Which numbered part of the diagram represents the wavelength?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

8. Pam looks at a pond and sees images of trees that are on the other side of the pond.

Which property of light is allowing Pam to see the images of the trees?

a. Absorption B. Brightness

C. Reflection D. Refraction

9. The diagram below represents a person looking at a fish in the water.

The actual position of the fish is different from the apparent position of the fish because as light travels from
the water into the air, the light is
(1) refracted (3) transmitted
(2) reflected (4) absorbed
10. The apparent position of the fish is different from the actual position of the fish. What has happened to
the light passing through the water to cause this difference?
(1) reflection (3) compression
(2) absorption (4) refraction

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

11. Heather puts a straw into a glass of water. She notices that the straw appears to be broken when she
looks through the glass and the water from the side. Which term best explains why the straw looks like
it is broken?
A. absorption B. refraction
C. scattering D. transmission

12. In which of these situations would light slow down?

A. from glass to air B. from ice to water
C. from plastic to air D. from a vacuum to air

13. The arrows in the diagrams below represent the path of light as it strikes four different objects. Which
diagram best represents the refraction of light?

14. Which diagram best represents light being reflected after striking the flat surface of a mirror?

15. Which diagram best represents the relative wavelengths of visible light, ultraviolet energy, and infrared
energy?

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

16. Which feature best distinguishes one form of electromagnetic energy from another?
(1) color (2) wavelength
(3) surface temperature (4) distance travelled
17. Which statement best describes the property of light waves illustrated in the diagram below?

(1) Some materials absorb light waves.

(2) Some materials reflect light waves.
(3) Light waves are refracted by some materials.
(4) Light waves are emitted by some materials.

18. The drawings below represent four different forms of electromagnetic energy.

Which diagram represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength?

(1) A (3) C
(2) B (4) D

19. The diagram below shows four thin beams of light interacting with a material.
Which beam best shows absorption?
A.1 B.2
C.3 D.4

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

20.

What is the angle of reflection?

(1) 30.° (3) 90.°
(2) 60.° (4) 120.°

21. A convex lens could also be called a _____ lens.

A) concave B) diverging
C) converging D) diffusing

22. What is the name of the line drawn perpendicular to the surface where a light ray strikes?
A) incident ray B) reflected ray
C) normal D) plane of reflection
23. In a room lit only by a red light, a green shirt would appear to be ______.
A) red B) green
C) black D) white
24. When light strikes a transparent material, most of the light is____________
a. Reflected c. transmitted
b. Refracted d. absorbed

25. People tint windows dark to encourage __________.

A) transmission B) absorption
C) reflection D) transfusion

26. Light passes through glass windows because of _____.

A) transmission B) absorption
C) reflection D) transfusion

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

27. In the figure shown, if angle i is increased, angle r will _____.

A) remain the same

B) decrease by the same amount
C) increase by the same amount
D) decrease to zero

28. In the figure shown, the light waves change direction as a result of _____.
A) diffraction
B) reflection
C) refraction
D) absorption

29. If you look through a magnifying glass at an object that is more than one focal length away, the image
you see will be ______ than the object.
A) upright and larger B) upright and smaller
C) inverted and larger D) inverted and smaller

30. Light is focused when it enters the eye through the _____.
A) cornea B) iris and pupil
C) lens D) retina

31. Which color will a red rose appear to be if only a blue light reached it?
A. red B. white
C. black D. purple

32. As you are shopping in your favorite store, you look up and notice a convex mirror in the corner. What
type of mirror is this and what is most likely its purpose?
A. It’s a converging mirror and it’s used to magnify light in the store.
B. It’s a diverging mirror and it’s used to show a large area of the store.
C. It’s a diverging mirror and it’s used to produce a bright beam of light.
D. It’s a converging mirror and it’s used to show a large area of the store.

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

33. A student has noticed that she can’t see objects clearly when they are far away. An eye doctor
diagnoses her as being nearsighted. What type of lens could help the student correct her vision
problem?
A. flat lens C. convex lens
B. diverging lens D. converging lens

34. A ray of light hits a mirror at a 45 degree angle. Which of the following statements is true about the
way the light will reflect off the mirror?
A. The light will not reflect off the mirror.
B. The light will reflect at a 45 degree angle.
C. The light will reflect at a 90 degree angle.
D. The light will reflect at many different angles off the mirror.

35. The energy generated by the sun travels to Earth as electromagnetic waves of varying lengths. Which
statement describes an electromagnetic wave with a long wavelength?
A. It has a high frequency and low energy.
B. It has a high frequency and high energy.
C. It has a low frequency and can travel through a vacuum.
D. It has a low frequency and needs a medium to travel through.

36. Which of the following explains why the brain is important to sight?
A. The brain controls the voluntary action of blinking.
B. The brain turns images from the eyes into electric impulses we recognize.
C. The brain is not important to sight; all of the necessary information comes from the eyes.
D. The brain interprets signals from the eyes and gives us information about shape, color, and size.

37. Three students shine lights onto the same spot on a white table. One student shines a blue light.
Another student shines a red light. The third student shines a green light. What color will the spot
appear to be?
A. black B. orange
C. white D. yellow

38. The diagram below shows a flat mirror reflecting light.

In the above image, what is represented by line D?
A. the mirror
B. the angle of reflected light
C. the angle at which light hits the surface of the mirror
D. the imaginary line used to measure angles of rays

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

39. The diagram below shows four thin beams of light interacting with a material.
Which beam best shows scattering?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

40. How is the shape of a diverging mirror different from the shape of a diverging lens?
A. There is no difference; both are always convex.
B. There is no difference; both are always concave.
C. A diverging mirror is convex and a diverging lens is usually concave.
D. A diverging mirror is concave and a diverging lens is usually convex.

41. Which of these materials best scatters the light that strikes it?
A. pure water B. shiny mirror
C. frosted glass D. eyeglass lens

42. The image below shows a mirror reflecting light.

What type of mirror is shown at label B?

A. flat mirror B. convex mirror
C. diverging mirror D. converging mirror

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

43. The diagram below shows the eye, with several features labeled.

Which part of the eye controls how much light enters the eye?
A. A B. B
C. C D. D

44. Habib looks around his classroom at different objects. Which object reflects almost all of the light that
strikes it?
A. white poster board B. clear window glass
C. a red book cover D. black construction paper

45. Red light waves and yellow light waves travel through air and strike the surface of glass. Only the
yellow light waves travel through the glass as shown in the figure below.

Which of these phrases best describes what the glass does?

a. reflects red light c. transmits red light
b. absorbs yellow light d. transmits yellow light

46. Red light waves and yellow light waves travel through air and strike the surface of glass. Only the
yellow light waves travel through the glass as shown in the figure below.

What color must the glass be?

A. orange
B. purple
C. red
D. yellow

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

47. Light rays enter a material and scatter. Which description best describes what happens to the light
rays?
A. bounce straight back
B. move straight through
C. spread out in all directions
D. move through but in one new direction

48. Ebba is in charge of lighting for the school play. When she shines a white light onto one of the props,
the prop appears green. What color would the prop appear if she shined a red light onto it?
A. black B. brown
C. red D. white

49. Latif wakes up one morning and sees that it is foggy outside. Which term best describes the fog he
sees?
A. opaque B. reflective
C. translucent D. transparent

50. Which one of the following diagrams depicts diffuse reflection?

51. What happens to green light and red light when they shine on a green leaf?

a. Both are absorbed.

b. Both are reflected.
c. Green light is absorbed, and red light is reflected.
d. Green light is reflected, and red light is absorbed.

52. Which piece of glass could be used to focus parallel rays of sunlight to a small spot of light?

A. C.

B. D.

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 Albashaer International School
American Division
Science Department
Grade 8

53. Denise was driving east over a hill in the afternoon, shortly after a rain shower. Suddenly the sun
broke through the clouds, and she saw a rainbow ahead of her. Which of the following made the
rainbow possible?
a. Sunlight can be separated into all the colors of the rainbow.
b. Water reflects sunlight like a mirror to make it look colored.
c. Overhead black clouds reflect in puddles to cause a mirage.

d. Air pollution causes the sky to look colored under these conditions.

54. Which optical device may form an enlarged image?

A.plane mirror B.glass plate
C.converging lens D. diverging lens

55. Which diagram best represents the path of parallel light rays passing through a converging lens?

A. B.

C. D.

56. Which of the following lenses will cause the parallel light rays to diverge?

a. B.

C. D.

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