MPPT Controller Based Solar Power Generation Using
MPPT Controller Based Solar Power Generation Using
The existing system block diagram shown in figure 1.The input voltage of the solar panel is dc and it takes
the dc input from the solar panel. The solar panel directly connected to the dc-dc boost converter. The dc-dc
converter is an electronic circuit and DC-DC Converter is required to implement MPPT algorithm.
Microcontroller that implements MPPT algorithm, controls DC-DC converter MOSFET and displays system
information.
1.2 Proposed System
The proposed system block diagram shown in figure. The input voltage of the solar panel is dc and it takes
the dc input from the solar panel. The dc-dc boost converter boost up the input voltage and gives to the
multilevel inverter. The multilevel inverter is synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc
voltages, as number of voltage levels increase, the synthesized output waveform has more steps, which provides
a stair-case wave that approaches a desired waveform. The steps are added to waveform the harmonics
distortion of the output wave form decrease, approaching zero as the number of voltage level increase. The gate
driver circuit acts just like a pulse generator.
The gate driver are electronic circuits that apply correct power levels to MOSFET or IGBT. The MOSFET
requires 10-15volts supply to operate. The micro-controller circuit is used to give pulse to MOSFET circuit. It
can give the pulse up to 5volts. The microcontroller acts as MPPT. A MPPT is an electronic dc-dc converter
that optimizes a match between the solar array and the battery bank or utility grid. The power point tracker is a
high frequency dc-dc converter. The converter a high voltage dc output from the solar panels down to the lower
voltage need to charge batteries.
Fig.4. Algorithm
2. Circuit configuration
The solar power generation system is composed of a solar cell array, a dc-dc power converter, and a nine level
inverter. The solar cell array is connected to the dc-dc power converter. The dc-dc power converters developed
to maximize the energy harvest for photovoltaic system. The dc-dc power converter converts the output power
of the solar cell array into two voltage sources, which are supplied to the nine-level inverter. The nine level
inverter is composed of a capacitor selection circuit and a full bridge converter ,connected in a cascade. The
capacitor selection circuit find the discharge of two capacitors while individually discharge of two capacitors.
The capacitor selection circuit output a three level dc voltage. The full bridge power converter further converts
this three level dc voltage to a nine-level ac voltage that is synchronized with the utility voltage. In this way the
solar power generation system generate a sinusoidal output current that in phase with the utility voltage and is
fed into the utility, which produce a unity power factor.
Modes S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
3 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
10 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
-1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
-3 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
-4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
Mode 1:
The operation of mode 1 shown in below fig. The positive output voltageVdc. The switch S1 is on
connecting to load positive terminal to Vdc. Switch S4 is on, connect the load negative terminal to ground. All
other controlled switch are off; voltage applied to the load terminal is Vdc.
Mode 2:
The operation of mode 2 shown in below fig. Two-third positive output (2Vdc/3): The bi-directional switch
S5 is ON, connecting the load positive terminal, and S4 is ON, connecting the load negative terminal to ground.
All other controlled switches are OFF; the voltage applied to the load terminals is 2Vdc/3.
Mode 3:
The operation of mode 3 shown in below fig. One-third positive output (Vdc/3): The bi-directional switch
S6 is ON, connecting the load positive terminal, and S4 is ON, connecting the load negative terminal to ground.
All other controlled switches are OFF; the voltage applied to the load terminals is Vdc/3.
Mode 4:
The operation of mode 4 shown in below fig. Zero output: This level can be produced by two switching
combinations; switches S3 and S4 are ON, or S1 andS2 are ON, and all other controlled switches are OFF;
terminal ab is a short circuit, and the voltage applied to the load terminals is zero.
Mode 5:
The operation of mode 5 shown in below fig. One-third negative output (−Vdc/3): The bi-directional switch
S5 is ON, connecting the load positive terminal, and S2 is ON, connecting the load negative terminal to Vdc.
All other controlled switches are OFF; the voltage applied to the load terminals is −Vdc/3.
Mode 6:
The operation of mode 6 shown in below fig. Two-third negative output (−2Vdc/3): The bi-directional
switch S6 is ON, connecting the load positive terminal, and S2 is ON, connecting the load negative terminal to
ground. All other controlled switches are OFF; the voltage applied to the load terminals is −2Vdc/3.
Mode 7:
The operation of the mode 7 shown in below fig. Maximum negative output (−Vdc): S2 is ON, connecting
the load negative terminal to Vdc, and S3 is ON, connecting the load positive terminal to ground. All other
controlled switches are OFF; the voltage applied to the load terminals is −Vdc.
The operation of the proposed simulation shown in above figure. The photovoltaic system use a solar panel.
The solar power is radiant energy produced sunlight. Any from of energy that moved from one place to another
via radiation. However sunlight comes and go, bird, clouds etc. The panel output to fluctuate and thus solar fans
would likely stop. Solar panel suitable for 12v battery charging and generally have voltages rated at around 16-
17v.The solar panel input is 12v dc and then give to the low pass filter. A low pass filter is a filter that passes
signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency. The composed of a dc-dc power converter and a
nine level inverter. The filter inductor parallel connected to the capacitor. The purpose of filter inductor is used
to process the switching harmonic of the inverter. So the power losses is propositional to the switching losses.
The nine level inverter is composed of a capacitor selection circuit and a full bridge power converter which is
connected in cascade. The operation of the nine level inverter can be divided into the positive half cycle and the
negative half cycle of the utility. The proposed nine level inverter are that only eight power electronic switches
are used, only one power electronic switch is switched at high frequency at any time. The conventional multi-
level inverter reduced topologies, in which at least four semi conductor device are conducting in series.
Therefore the conduction loss of the proposed nine level inverter output voltage is reduced.
The proposed nine level output voltage is shown in figure. The output voltage of the nine level inverter has
nine voltage levels. The output voltage of the nine level inverter is 60v.
Fig.7.THD waveform
TABLE.2.Results
Conclusion
This paper proposes a solar power generation system to convert the dc energy generated by a solar cell
array into ac energy that is fed into the utility. The proposed solar power generation system is composed of a
buck-boost converter and a nine-level inverter. The switching power loss and improves the power efficiency.
The proposed solar power generation system generates a nine-level output voltage and outputs a sinusoidal
current that in phase with the utility voltage. The proposed solar power generation system can effectively trace
the maximum power of solar cell array.
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