1. She was a student assistant then became an instructor at the University of the Philippines.

She is also known as the Mother of Philippine Folk Dances.

- FRANCISCA REYES-AQUINO
2. During this period, the rapid influx of westernization threatened to modify the lifestyles and
cultures of the Filipinos.
- AMERICAN PERIOD
3. This organization aims to promote the development and teaching of folk dances.
- PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCE SOCIETY
4. The Mother of Philippine Folk Dances made a collection of folk songs, dances, and games
which became the contents of her Master's thesis and recently her work was revised and
published into a book entitled.
- PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES AND GAMES
5. They imitate the nature and act based on creative interpretation of themes and motifs.
-
6. It is the highest phase in the dance program.
- CREATIVE DANCE
7. The Mother of Philippine Folk Dances was given a task by the UP President to present a
program of Philippine Folk Dances for some foreign visitors. At that time, the major problem
was?
8. Dancing promotes personality development since people involved in dance improve their;
-
9. The inclusion of dancing in the Physical Education program of schools is to develop:
- THE POTENTIAL INTO ACTUAL SKILL AND TO EXPOSE EVERYONE, ESPECIALLY THE
YOUTH TO THE MANY BENEFITS OF LEARNING DANCE.
10. The term ethnic could also refer to this social dance which had its beginnings from the
native inhabitant of Bohemia.
- POLKA
11. We cannot interchange performances from each other, like we know if the performance
being performed on stage in hip-hop, or a ballet, or a folk dance, or a ball room.
- DANCE
12. It gives life to the dance.
- MUSIC
13. It refers to the floor pattern in relation to space.
- DESIGN
14. You need to be aware of the space around you as a cat.
-
15. It is the key to balance and movement.
- POSTURE
16. Before the introduction of written languages, ancient people used this method of passing
these stories down from generation to generation.
- DANCING
17. This can be observed in the visual arts like painting, architectural designs, sculpture, etc.
- RHYTHM
18. Dance is a powerful impulse, but the art of dance impulse channeled by:
-
19. It involves the body as an expressive instrument to communicate feelings and ideas in
patterns of movement.
- GESTURE
20. It is an expressive tool that gives your movement fluency and harmony.
-
21. It is the main story line of the dance.
- THEMES
22. The expression of the dancer's face should complete the whole performance.
- DANCING
23. It refers to the dance steps and basic body movements required of a particular dance.
- MOVEMENT
24. A simple body movement in response to music like tapping of the feet, hands, snapping, and
movement of the head.
-
25. Denotes the background on stage.
- SCENERY
26. The following are the different careers connected with dancing, except.
a) Dance Choreographer
b) Dance Pastry
c) Dance Nutritionist
d) Dance Choreologist
27. It caters to the needs of clumsy or disabled individual to express themselves aesthetically.
-
28. Dancing is universal. All cultures practice the same kinds of movements and styles.
- FALSE
29. A choreographer's work is a protected intellectual property.
- TRUE
30. Every culture emphasizes certain features in its dance styles. Which culture is identified with
eyeballs and eyebrows plus gestures and postures?
- CLASSICAL DANCE OF INDIA
31. It is an experience that gives pleasure, excitement, or aesthetic value to the performers and
audience.
- DANCE AND CULTURE
32. One has to remember that animals communicate through rhythmic movements and the man
adapted and stylized these movements from the animals found in their immediate
surroundings.
- DANCE AND THE HUMAN NATURE
33. To expand the capabilities of the body, many devices and techniques are employed in many
dance styles and cultures.
34. Besides the physical pleasure that is derived from dancing, it can also have psychological
effects.
- DANCE AND THE HUMAN MIND
35. It is a theatrical dance form of contemporary approach, technique or style hence the term.
- MODERN DANCE
36. Many dances from the past are still continued to be performed at present but their purposes
have changed due to cultural changes and development.
- TRUE
37. It is a theatrical dance presentation with a choreographic or drama plot that integrates
music, dance, and stage designs.
- BALLET
38. It refers to the music originally to sexual intercourse.
-
39. She became the pioneer in blending the native with modern and ballet dance styles.
- LEONOR OROSA GOQUINCO
40. It is the official federation governing all aspects of dance sport worldwide.
- INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE
41. It is strictly a mixer or recreational dance rather than a spectacular dance.
- POP DANCE
42. Performers of such dances must undergo extensive training before they could perform such.
-
43. It performed with the big jazz bands of America.
- JAZZ DANCE
44. There are a host of dance forms which are easy and simple, done by anybody without the
need for special training and costuming.
-
45. Dance is not limited to interpretative dance, folk dance, social dance, mixers, and creative
dance.
- TRUE
46. It reached its full development at the end of World War I.
-
47. The term "modern" should not be confused with "__________" or "_________" dance,
oftentimes erroneously called modern dance.
- POP OR POPULAR
48. This is much like the warm up but in reverse.
- COOL DOWN ROUTINE
49. This is the main part of the whole dance exercise which is composed of figures of brisk
dance steps.
- AEROBIC DANCE PROPER
50. Which is a dance among the Maranaos which displays the women’s simplicity and elegant
walk with the use of beautifully decorated umbrellas?
51. Which steps have the same time signature?
a. polka and redoba
b. change step and waltz balance
c. kuradang and contraganza
d. espunti and sangig
52. Which is called the unit of formation?
a. cabaceras
b. home position
c. costados
d. set
53. What is a Samal dance class of noble women which shows off women’s dexterity and
flexibility of the shoulders, elbows and wrist joints?
- MAGLANKA

54. Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. You are assigned to report
a unit of folk dance to your classmates. They will be learning the dance Subli. Answer the
following questions that will help you understands thoroughly the nature and characteristics
of the dance.
- It is a dance in honor of the Mahal na Poong Sta. Krus.
55. Subli is a dance honoring the wooden cross. It originates from _______.
- BATANGAS
56. You are instructing your classmates to do one sway balance with a waltz right and left
alternately, two waltz steps right and left, and one waltz turn. How many measures are there
in the combination?
a. 6 measures
b. 12 measures
c. 8 measures
d. 16 measures
57. What is the rhythm pattern of escotis?
- EVEN
58. Which of the following dance steps has an incorrect time signature in 2/4 time music?
a. haplik
b. polka
c. contraganza
d. sagamantica
59. Of the following pattern of movements, the one that best describes the mazurka step is
______.
- slide, cut, hop
60. Which of the following associations is incorrect?
a. Cordillera dances of Luzon
b. Mangyan dances of Nueva Viscaya
c. Tausug dances of Mindanao
d. Ibanag dances of Cagayan
61. Who are called “Peacocks of the mountain”?
- KALINGAS
62. Which of the following steps are common to the dance?
Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. You are assigned to report
a unit of folk dance to your classmates. They will be learning the dance Subli. Answer the
following questions that will help you understands thoroughly the nature and characteristics
of the dance.
 a. Change step 
b. Mincing steps
c. Mazurka
d. Polka steps

63. When two people walk toward each other, pass by right shoulder, step side- ward to
the right and return to position, walking backward, passing left shoulder the
movement is called _______.
a. cross-over
b. counterclockwise
c. do-si-do
d. clockwise
64. What is an Ibanag dance term wherein the dancers turn their hands from the wrists
halfway clockwise then raise and lower wrist once or twice?
a. panadyak
b. free hand
c. masiwak
d. kumintang
65. Common among rural or countryside dances are the use of implements in their
dance. They offer the glass of wine, a hanky, a hat, or even their own hands to
somebody as a sign of invitation or love. This characterizes to a dance term which
means ___________.
a. salok 
b. sarok
c. hapay
d. bilao
66. Of the following folk dances, which has a combined rhythm?
a. Alitaptap
b. Lanceros de Negros
c. Tiklos 
d. Los Bailes de Ayer
67. This is a kind of movement wherein the dancer glides one foot forcibly on the floor
with or without transfer of weight. It is called _______.
- SLIDE
68. The waltz is done in what tempo?
a. slow
b. moderate
c. marching
d. fast
69. Which of the following is a Visayan dance term?
a. Bilao
 b. Jaleo
c. Salok
d. Sarok

70. The class of Mr. Laverez is dancing the Polkabal. One of the basic steps in the
dance is the contraganza. If Mr. Laverez will demonstrate the step pattern of the
dance step, which of the following will show the correct movement pattern?
a. Step, close, step 
b. Cross-step, close, step
c. Slide, cut, cut
d. Leap, cross-step, step
The correct answer is option D. Based on the book of Mrs. Francisca Aquino, “Fundamental Dance
Steps and Music”, the contraganza step is described as leap, cross-step, step. Option A is the correct
dance step pattern for change step. Option B describes the dance step of cross change step. Option C
is the step pattern for redoba step.

71. Which of the following folk dances are classified as ceremonial dances?
1. Dugso 2. Putong 3. Pandang-Pandang 4. Daling-Daling
a. 1 and 2
b. 3 only 
c. 3 and 4
d. 4 only

72. Mr. Villaruz asked his students to do a combination of the following dance steps;
change, step, heel and toe change step, polka, heel and toe polka. He advises his
students to get a folkdance music to accompany the combinations. What time
signature the students will look for?
a. 2/4 time music
b. 4/4 time music
c. ¾ time music 
d. 6/8 time music

73. Which of the following dances use fighting implements?

- SAGAYAN
73. Which of the following is an occupational dance?
a. Polka sa Nayon
 b. Biniganbigat 
c. Lanceros de Negros
d. Mananguete

74. This dance term is executed by swinging the arm downward passing in front of the
body as if scooping with the trunk bending forward following the movement of the
arm. The term for this is __________.
a. slide
b. salok
c. swing
d. sarok
75. It is a dance among the Apayaos imitating the high – flying bird and is called _____.
a. Bendian
b. Say - yam
c. Pattong
d. Turayen
76. Darwin is demonstrating the correct movement of hayon-hayon. Which of the
following is the correct movement pattern that Darwin will show?
a. He will place his forearm in front and the other at the back of his waist.
b. He will cross his arms in front and open it to second position.  
c. He will place both his arms at one side.
d.He will scoop his one arm up to fifth position.
77. Which of the following is a dance step in 4/4 time music?
- ESCOTIS
The correct answer is option D. Among the dance steps mentioned in the choices Escotis is the only
dance steps performed in 4/4 time music. Espunti, Mudansa, and Mazurka are dance steps performed
in ¾ time music.

78. All are four measures of music and beyond except ____________.
a. double sway balance 
b. haplik
c. mudansa
d. mazurka

79. Arabia is performing a sway balance with a waltz in his dance class. The counting
that he will use when doing the sway balance with a waltz is ____.
a. 1, 2 3/1 2 3
 b. 1,2 3/ 1,2 3
c. 1, 2 3/ 1 2, 3
d. 1,2 3/ 1,2,3

80. Which dance is very popular in the Bicol Region that is commonly performed during
wedding celebrations?
a. Kuratsa
b. Pandanggo
c. Sinakiki
d. Pantomina
81. A dance step of sixteen measures is ______________.
a. haplik
b. papuri
c. sagamantica
d. mudansa
82. Mr. Torres instructed his students to do the kumintang. What will be the correct
movements execution of his students in doing the kumintang?
a. The students will move their hand from the wrist in a clockwise or counter-clockwise
direction.
b. The students will move their hand from the elbow in a clockwise or counter-clockwise
direction.
c. The students will move their hand from the shoulder in a clockwise or counter-clockwise
direction.
d. The students will move their hand from the upper extremities in a clockwise or counter-
clockwise direction.

The correct answer is option A. The correct movement of a Kumintang is moving the hand from the
wrist in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction. Option B, C and D are all incorrect since
movements from the elbow, shoulder, and upper extremities will not describe the correct movement
for Kumintang.

83. It is a work-dance of Kalinga women where they carry baskets on their heads.
a. Idudu
b. Ragragsakan
 c. Bumayah 
d. Bendian
The correct answer is option B. Ragragsakan is a dance among Kalinga women that carries baskets or
pots that are filled with goodies on their heads. The dance is also a festival dance among the
Kalingas. Option A is incorrect because the dance Idudu is a dance among the Tinggians that shows
the role of a father in making lullabies. Option C is not a Kalinga dance but an Ifugao festival dance.
The dance is not an all-female dance. Option D is also incorrect because it is a dance from Benguet
province. It is an all-female dance but does not use baskets carried on their heads.

84. All of the following are correct except _________.

a. waltz – ¾ time signature
b. mazurka – ¾ time signature
c. polka – ¾ time signature 
d. sway balance – ¾ time signature
85. This is Palawan’s famous ceremonial rite of healing the sick, imploring and
thanksgiving for a good and bountiful harvest. Its name is _______.
a. Pagdidiwata
b. Binaylan
c. Blit-Blaan
d. Sohten
86. What is the national dance of the Philippines?
a. Singkil
b. Rigodon
c. Cariñosa
d. Tinikling
87. Which of the following dance steps has eight measures?
a. bacui
b. chotis
c. haplik
d. sagamantica
88. The toe or ball or free foot is placed momentarily on floor and lifted again
immediately again is called ________.
- TAP
89. Each of the following pairs of folk dance steps can be performed in combination
except the _________.
a. waltz and reboda
b. waltz balance and paso español
c. polka and mazurka
d. cross waltz and step, swing, hop
90. Masiwak is a common dance term among the ___________.
a. Ilocano
b. Ibanag
c. Tagalog
d. VIsayan
91. Which of the following folk dances can be performed in ¾ time music?
a. Cariñosa
b. Polka sa Nayon
c. Tiklos
d. Polka Antigo
92. This is done by bending halfway the knees and body slightly with a bow of the head.
It is called ____.
- CURTSY
93. What are the basic arm movements used in the dance?
Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. You are assigned to report a
unit of folk dance to your classmates. They will be learning the dance Subli. Answer the
following questions that will help you understands thoroughly the nature and characteristics of
the dance.
a. Bilao and Hayon-hayon
b. Hapay and Salok 
c. Sarok and Kewet
d. Masiwak and Forearm turn

94. John Emmanuel is instructed by his PE teacher to do the habanera step. The step pattern
that he will use is step, close, step, step and the counting to follow is __________.
- 1 2 and
95. The free foot is drawn toward the foot which supports the body weight by pressing
the toes against the floor as the close is made is called _________.
a. bow
b. brush
c. draw
d. cut
96. What is the correct time signature of the music used in the dance?
Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow. You are assigned to report a
unit of folk dance to your classmates. They will be learning the dance Subli. Answer the
following questions that will help you understands thoroughly the nature and characteristics of
the dance.
a. 2/2 time signature
b. ¾ time signature
c. 2/4 time signature
d. 4/4 time signature

Creating Dimensions
97. Create linear dimensions with horizontal, vertical, and aligned dimension lines. Create baseline or
chained dimensions. Place dimension lines at an angle to the extension lines, or make extension
lines oblique.

CREATING DIMENSION STYLE

98. A dimension style is a named collection of dimension settings that controls the appearance of
dimensions, such as arrowhead style, text location, and lateral tolerances.
99. You create dimension styles to specify the format of dimensions quickly, and to ensure that
dimensions conform to industry or project standards.

MULTILEADER
100. Creates a multileader object.
101. A multileader object typically consists of an arrowhead, a horizontal landing, a leader line or
curve, and either a multiline text object or a block.
102. Multileader can be created arrowhead first, leader landing first, or content first. If a multileader
style has been used, the multileader can be created from that specified style.
Leader arrowhead location/first
 Specifies a location for the arrowhead of the multileader object.
Leader landing location/first
 Specifies a location for the landing line of the multileader object.
Content first
 Specifies a location for the text or block associated with the multileader object.
Point selection
  Sets placement for the text box for the text label associated with the multileader
object. When you finish entering text, press Esc or click outside the text box.

Leader type
Specifies how the leader line is handled.
 Straight - Creates a straight multileader line.
 Spline - Creates a spline multileader line.
 None - Creates a multileader with no leader line.
Leader landing
 Specifies whether to add a horizontal landing line. If you enter Yes, you are
prompted to set the landing line length.
Content type
Specifies the type of content that will be used for the multileader.
 Block - Specifies a block within your drawing to associate with the new multileader.
 Mtext - Specifies that multiline text is included with the multileader.
 None - Specifies that no content is displayed at the end of the leader line.
Maxpoints
 Specifies a maximum number of points, or segments, for the new leader line.

First angle
103. Constrains the angle of the first point in the new leader line.
Second angle
104. Constrains the second angle in the new leader line.
Exit options
105. Exits the Options branch of the MLEADER command.

The MTEXTTOOLBAR system variable - controls the display of the Text Formatting toolbar.
Important: Resist the temptation to create everything on one layer. Layers are the most important
organizing feature available in AutoCAD drawings.
Layer Controls
106. To see how a drawing is organized, use the LAYER command to open the Layer Properties
Manager. You can either enter LAYER or LA in the Command window, or you can click the Layer
Properties tool on the ribbon.
Creating a New Layer - By clicking this you create a new layer which will automatically adopt
the same properties as the previously selected layer (in a new drawing, there will be 2 layers, 0 and
Defpoints. This new layer will be given a default name that you can rename by right clicking on the
name and selecting ‘rename layer’.

Creating a New Layer VP Frozen in All Viewports - Here you can create a layer which will be
frozen in your current viewports and also in all newly created viewports.

Delete Layer - This deletes a highlighted layer; however, the following layers cannot be deleted:
 Layers 0 and Defpoints
 The current layer
 Layers containing objects
 X-ref dependant layers
Set Current - By highlighting a certain layer and then clicking this, it sets the layer as the current
layer. Any objects drawn after this are automatically assigned to this layer.
Filters - allow the User to group layers together or isolate certain layers.
New Property Filter – This option allows the user to create a layer filter which only groups the
filters according to specific searches (below).
New Group Filter – This option allows the user to create a layer filter by dragging the layers to
the file.
Invert Filter – Once selected, this displays all layers that do not meet the search criteria.
The seven pre-set filters available are as follows:
1. All – List of all layers in the drawing
2. All non-Xref Layers – List of all layers that are not from an xref drawing.
3. All Used Layers – List of all layers with objects assigned to them.
4. Xref – List of all layers that are from an xref drawing.
5. Xref Overrides – List of all layers that are from an xref drawing that have
property overrides.
6. Viewport Overrides – List of all layers that have property overrides in the layout
viewport.
7. Unreconciled New Layers – List of all the new unreconciled layers that were
added since the drawing was last opened, reloaded, plotted or saved. A new
layer is considered unreconciled until you accept the layer as reconciled (when
the layer notification feature is turned on via layer settings).
AutoCAD was derived from a program that began in 1977, and then released in 1979 called
Interact CAD, also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written
prior to Autodesk's (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder
Michael Riddle.
DWG - The native file format of AutoCAD
DWF - a format developed and promoted by Autodesk, for publishing CAD data.
1957 - First Drafting systems started by General Motors
1960 - by McDonell Douglas Automation Company
1982 - Autodesk was founded in 1982 by John Walker
ZOOM – Z
REGENERATE - reg
LINE - L
CIRCLE – C
RECTANGLE - REC
ERASE – E
UNDO – CTRL Z
REDO – CTRL Y
POINT – PO
DIVIDE – DIV
MEASURE – ME
OBJECT SNAP – F3
ARC – A
ELLIPSE – EL
POLYGON – POL
MOVE – M
ROTATE – RO
SCALE – SC
MIRROR – MI
JOIN – J
BREAK – BR
TRIM – TR
OFFSET – O
CHAMFER – CHA
FILLET – F
STRETCH – S
ARRAY – AR. Create multiple copies of objects that are evenly distributed in a rectangular or
circular pattern, or along a specified path.
PAN - Allows to drag the drawing in and around the workspace.
SNAP - Used for precision drawing by allowing cursor to jump directly to next point on grid
specified by values pre-entered.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2 ( RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES ) Every individual has rhythm. It is found in all of nature
and is natural to every individual. Rhythm is most clearly seen through dance- the art of movement

What is rhythm? ---- Is the regular recurrence of accented and unaccented beats.

Rhythms--------------- Is a term which denotes an aspect of a quality of movement that is sometimes

thought of as dance. When an individual moves in response to a particular rhythm or music we call the
movements as rhythmic movements or rhythms. Structured forms which start creative rhythmic
movements are called rhythms.

Rhythmic activities---- are the physical manifestations of the mental and emotional response of the
individual to rhythm. They are activities which a child responds to physically, socially, and mentally to
regular patterns of sound.

       They are also a source of enjoyment for people of all ages. Through these activities, skills and the
sense of rhythm are acquired and developed, feelings are expressed, basic principles of time, space and
force can be experienced.

           Everyone reacts to music or rhythm in one form or another. A head swaying, a foot tapping,
fingers snapping, shoulders and body moving while a musical piece is played are physical reactions.

Dance ---------- refers to movement set to music where there emerges organization, structure and
pattern. It is a composition that implies arrangement of parts into a form.

Dancing ------- is a means of expressing one’s emotions through movement disciplined by rhythm. It is an

act of moving rhythmically and expressively to an accompaniment. The word dancing came from an old
German word “ danson” which means to “ stretch”. Essentially, all dancing is made up of stretching and
relaxing.

Rhythmic fundamentals

            In the field of dance, there are certain fundamental knowledge and rhythmic skills considered
important for proficiency and efficiency in bodily movements.

            Elements of Rhythm:

1.    Beat—the underlying pulse of a rhythm.

2.    Tempo—rate of speed of a movement.

3.    Intensity—variation of stress of movement.

4.    Pitch—lowness or highness of a tone.

5.    Accent—emphasis on certain beats.

6.    Meter—the regular recurrence of beats which divides a musical design into measure.

7.    Phrase—measures grouped together.

8.    Bar—in music a vertical line across a staff dividing it into equal measures of time.

9.    Count—a pulse beat, a time limit.

10. Note—a printed symbol of a musical tone.

11. Measure—a group of pulse beats.

12. Note pattern—refers to a note or set of notes with or without rest used for a certain dance step.

13. Step pattern—refers to the movement or movements done for each of the dance steps.

Elements of movement Space:

1.    Direction—is the line of movement taken which maybe forward, backward, sideward, diagonal,
upward, or a combination of those mentioned.

2.    Level—is movement through space that maybe done at a high, low, or medium level.

3.    Range—refers to the area covered as the body moves. It maybe small as when the movement is
done in one’s place; or large when movement covers a wide area as when getting away from one’s
place.

4.    Floor Pattern—the path or design that is made while moving in space is what is termed as floor
pattern. It may take a form of a circle, square, straight line or zigzag.

Movement Qualities:
Movement expression is attained through the elements of time, force and space.

            Time qualities:
1.    Movements which is fast

Examples:  galloping horse

Jet plane
2.    Movement which is slow

Examples:   turtle

Flower growing
 Force Qualities:
1.    Soft light movement
Examples:   Fairies
Birds and butterflies

2.    Strong, heavy movement

Examples:   Elephant

Bulldozer

3.    Strong, jerky movement

Examples: Frog

A jumping jack

4. Smooth, sustained movement

Examples:   Airplane

Fish swimming

Space Qualities:
1.    Movement up and down
Examples:    Bouncing ball

Yo-yo

2.    Movement across, back and forth or around

Examples:    Rowing boat

A merry-go-round

3. Movement which is low

Examples:     Ants

Turtles

4.    Movement which is high

Examples:     Kites

                      Clouds
PHASES OF THE DANCE PROGRAM
1.    Creative Rhythms

Are sometimes called fundamental rhythms or natural dances. A creative rhythm is an end product of
exploration and improvisation of movements as children learn to move the parts of their body and to
use them as instruments of expression.

2.    Folk/ Ethnic dance

Is a cultural art form handed down from generation to generations. It communicates the customs,
beliefs, rituals, and occupations of the people of a region or country. Folk dancing belongs to the people.
It emanates from them. Ethnic tribes have their specific tribal art forms originated and danced by the
people of the tribe.

      Examples of folk dances are the rural and country dances, jotas, mazurkas, pandanggos, among
others with foreign influence.

      Examples of ethnic dances are the dances of the mountain peoples of the Cordilleras, dances of the
ethnic groups in the Cagayan Valley Region and the ethnic dances in the Mindanao Regions.

3.    Social and Ballroom Dance

The setting of the social and ballroom dance is a social gathering with the more formal atmosphere than
the simple and informal parties in which the recreational dances are the usual forms. Social and
ballroom dancing are generally held in the evenings. The participants are usually in formal attire.

4.    Recreational Dance

Includes dance mixers, square dance round and couple dances. Many of these dances have simple
patterns and combinations of walking steps, polka step and the waltz step. The setting is usually informal
gatherings and parties, reunions etc.

5.    Creative Dance

Is the highest form of dance. It is the end-product of exploration and improvisation of movements as the
dancer or the choreographer expresses his feelings or emotions, ideas, and interpretations. This is a
dance with a definite form, a beginning and an ending. The principles of art form are all observed in the
composition of the dance.

Examples of creative dance are ballet, jazz and modern or contemporary dance.
OBJECTIVE OF RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES

1.    Develop skills necessary for recreational enjoyment.

2.    Maintain good posture and physical efficiency.

3.    Promote emotional freedom.

4.    Develop a balanced and well-coordinated body.

FUNDAMENTAL DANCE POSITIONS

There are five fundamental or basic positions in dance that are commonly termed as 1st
position, 2nd position, 3rd position, 4th position, and 5th position of the feet and arms.

            1st position

                        Feet: Heels close together, toes apart with an angle of about 45 degrees.

                        Arms: Both arms raised in a circle in front of chest with the finger tips about an inch apart.

           2nd position

                        Feet: Feet apart sideward of about a pace distance.

                        Arms: Both raised sideward with a graceful curve at shoulder level.

            3rd position

                        Feet: Heel of one foot close to in-step of other foot.

                        Arms: One arm raised in front as in 2nd position; other arm raised upward.

            4th position

                        Feet: One foot in front of other foot of a pace distance.

                        Arms: One arm raised in front as in 1st position; other arm raised overhead.

            5th position

                        Feet: Heel of front foot close to big toe of rear foot.

                        Arms: Both arms raised overhead.

The Basic Natural Movements:

1.    Locomotor movements

Are those that move the body in space in any direction with the feet as the moving base.

Examples:    walking, running, jumping, hopping, skipping, leaping, galloping and sliding

2.    Non-locomotor

Are those in which various parts of the body move in space with a fixed base. The base may be standing,
kneeling, sitting or lying.

Non-locomotor movements:

1.    Flexion--- Bending or shortening of a body part occurring at a joint.

2.    Extension—Turning, twisting or circling

3.    Pendular---- Swinging/ swaying arms forward, backward or sideward.

4.    Percussive—Striking and hitting: pushing and pulling.

5.    Vibratory----- Shaking and beating.

6.    Sustained---- A slow, smooth flowing movement with a balance of movement throughout the entire
series.

7.    Suspended--- A sharp movement followed by a series of slow or prolonged movements until a peak
is reached.

Values of dancing

1.    Physical fitness

2.    Cultural

3.    Social

4.    Recreational
FOLK DANCES

           Are traditional dances of a country which were evolved naturally and spontaneously in connection
with everyday activities and experiences of the people who developed them.

            Folk dancing is the heartbeat of the people.

Types of Folk dances:

National – traditional dances of a given country.

Regional – local.

Character – created by individual or group.

COMMON DANCE TERMS

1.    Arms in lateral position – Both arms are at one side either right or left, at shoulder, chest or waist
level.

2.    Brush – Weight on one foot, hit the floor with the ball or heel of the other foot and lift that foot
from the floor to any direction.

3.    Crossed Arms – Partners facing each other or standing side by side join their left hands together and
the right hands together; either right over left or left over right hands.

4.    Cut – To displace quickly one foot with the other.

5.    Do-si-do – Partners advance forward, pass each other’s right ( left ) side, step across to the right
move backwards without turning around, pass each other left side to proper places.

6.    Hayon-hayon – To place one forearm in front and the other at he back of the waist.

7.    Hop – A spring from one foot landing on the same foot in place or in any direction.

8.    Jaleo – Partners turn around clockwise ( with right elbows almost touching ) or counterclockwise
( with left elbows almost touching ) using walking or any kind of dance step.

9.    Jump – A spring on one foot or both feet landing on both feet in any direction.

10. Kumintang – moving the hand from the wrist either in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.

11. Leap – A spring from one foot landing on the other foot in any direction.

12. Place – To put foot in a certain position without putting weight on it.
13. Pivot – To turn with the ball, heel or whole foot on a fixed place or point.

14. Point – Touch the floor lightly with the toes of one foot, weight of the body on the other foot.  

15. Masiwak – To turn the hand from the wrist half-way clockwise then raise and lower wrist once or
twice. This is an Ibanag term.

16. Panadyak – To stamp in front or at the side with the right foot and tap with same foot close to the
left foot. This is a Tagalog term.

17. Patay – To bend the head downward and to support the forehead with the R

 forearm or with the crook of the R elbow while the left hand supports lightly the

 palm of the right hand. This is usually done with the left foot pointing in rear and

 knees slightly bent. This is an Ilocano term and the movement is commonly

 found in Ilocano dances.

18. Salok – T o swing the arm downward-upward passing in front of the body as

 if scooping, the trunk is bent following the movement of the arm doing the salok.

 This is a Tagalog term.

19. Saludo – Partners bow to each other, to the audience, opposite dancers, or to the neighbors with
feet together. This is of Spanish origin and is used in almost all Philippine dances.

20. Sarok – Cross the R foot in front of the L , bend the body slightly forward and cross the hands down
in front of the R hand over the L. This is a Visayan term.

21. Slide – To glide foot smoothly along the floor. The movement may be finished

 with or without transfer of weight.

22. Stamp – To bring the foot forcibly and noisily on the floor with or without transfer of weight.

23. Tap – To rap slightly with the ball or toe of the free foot, flexing the ankle joint keeping weight of the
body on the other foot. There is no change or transfer of weight.

24. Whirl – To make fast turns by executing small steps in place to right or left.
                        BASIC DANCE STEPS

2/4 time dance steps

            Dance Steps             Step Pattern                                                  Counting

1. Bleking step                      heel-place, close                                          1 , 2

2. Touch step                        point, close                                                    1 , 2

3. Close step                         step, close                                                     1 , 2

4. Hop step                            step, hop                                                        1 , 2

5. Cross step                         step, cross or cross, step                             1 , 2

6. Change step                     step, close, step                                            1 and 2

7. Changing step                 jump ( one ft. in front and

                                                The other in rear) there are two

                                                Changing steps in a measure                   1 , 2

8. Contraganza step            leap, cross-step, step                                   1 and 2

9. Habanera step                 step, close, step                                            1, 2 and

10. Heel and toe

      Change step                   heel-place, toe-point, step, close, step     1, 2/ 1 and 2

11. Shuffling step                with both feet flat on floor, take tiny

                                                Slide steps                                                    1 and 2 and

¾ time dance steps

1. Native waltz                      step, close, step                                            1, 2, 3

2. Cross waltz                       cross-step, close, step                                 1, 2, 3

3. Waltz balance                  step, close-heels raise, heels down         1, 2, 3

4. Mazurka step                    slide, cut, hop                                               1, 2, 3

5. Redoba step                     slide, cut, cut                                                 1, 2, 3

6. Sway balance w/

     A point                              step, cross-step, step point                         12, 3/ 1, 23

7. Sway balance w/

     A hop                                step, cross-step, step, hop                          12, 3/ 1, 23

8. Sway balance w/

     A waltz                              step, cross-step, step, close, step              12, 3/ 1, 2, 3

9. Engano w/ a waltz           step, cross-step, step, close, step              12, 3/ 1, 2, 3

4/4 time dance steps

1. Schottische step              step, close, step hop( raise foot

                                                In front)                                                          1, 2, 3, 4

2. Escotis step                      step, close, step, hop( raise foot

                                                In rear)                                                           1, 2, 3, 4

3. Chotis step                        brush, raise, brush, raise/

                                                Step, step, step, close                                 1, 2, 3, 4/

                                                                                                                        1, 2, 3, 4

TIKLOS

A  Peasant dance from Leyte. Having made a previous arrangement, farmers or workers get
together to work on a project. While resting at noon, before or after lunch, they play tiklos music and
dance. There are only four figures to the dance so it maybe repeated with a slight change in formation.
Patadiong for women and barong tagalog with white pants for men is the usual attire.
RUMBA

            The name Rumba was originally applied specifically to the dancing style with lascivious movement
of the hip, bosom and other flexible parts. The Rumba influence came in the 16th century from the black
slaves from Africa. The native Rumba folk dance is essentially a sex pantomime danced extremely fast
with exaggerated hip movements and with a sensually aggressive attitude of men and a defensive
attitude on the part of women.

            The music is written in 4/4 time, which gives 4 counts to each bar of music, 1, 2, 3, 4. The beat
values are 2, 3, 4-1 or quick, quick, slow.

Cha-cha-cha

            There are various theories as of the origin of Cha-cha. It could  derived from the
Spanish chacha meaning nursemaid, or chachar meaning to chew coca leaves, or from char meaning
tea.  This dance evolved from the Mambo and has its origins in the religious ritual dances of West Africa.
The music is usually in 4/4 time, sometimes 2/4. The Cha-cha-cha is a Cuban dance, based on the
Rumba. Counting is 1,2, 3 and 4

Reggae

  First developed in Jamaica in the late 1960’s. The term reggae more properly denotes a
particular music style that originated following on the development of ska and rocksteady. It is based on
rhythmic style characterized by accents on the off-beat known as the skank. It usually accents the
second and fourth beat in each bar.The music is 4/4 time and counting is 1, 2, 3,4.

Samba

            Comes from Brazil. It differs from other Latin- American dances because it is lively and vigorous
and the feet is constantly leaving the floor. It is literally a bouncing step. It involves much knee action
with the dancers bodies resembling a swinging pendulum as they sway and turn. 2/4 time 1 ah 2

Waltz

            It is the first dance to use closed dance position. The waltz was to be performed solely for the
demonstration of elegance and not pleasure. The name comes from the German word to revolve,
turning with smooth gliding steps. Music is ¾ time 1, 2, 3.

Paso Doble

            It finds its roots in the Spanish style music of the 1930’s. It is popularly known as the man’s dance,
portraying the story of the matador with ( the female being ) his cape where the matador is to weild his
cape according to the anger and intensity of the roaring boar.
Jive

            The origin of the word jive is unknown but it may refer to jivetalk, or bad mouthing. This word
reflects the character of the dance for it is sassy and loud. It came from the African American slaves. It is
known by many names, sometimes called Swing, Jitterbug, Lindy hop, or Charleston, although it is
completely different dance. Music is 4/4 time 1,2,3 and 4/ 1 and 2, 3 and 4.

Swing

            An outgrowth of the jitterbug, it is marked by quick, strenuous movements sometimes

accompanied by acrobatics in its present form; it maybe a lively smooth dance. Benny Goodman is the
band leader credited with the developing the rhythm of Swing. It is named after Charles Lindbergh’s solo
flight across the Atlantic ocean in 1927 Music is 4/4 time sometimes 3/4 1,2,3,4/ 1,2 ah 3

Tango

            Originated in the lower class of Buenos Aires especially in the Bario de Las Ranas. It was first
known as baile con corte- the dance with a stop. It is characterized by sudden changes of direction and
its many flaring and dipping steps. Music is 2/4 time 1,2/ 12

Foxtrot

            An American dance evolving from trotting dance in 1913. Dancers gliding around the dance floor
with little up and down motion. It is known as the first truly American ballroom dance, was named after
Harry Fox. Music is in 2/4 time 12/ 1,2