GEOMETRY

Prepared by:
Gabriel Adrian E. Cruz
Jerson P. Gayagaya

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Point

• It tells a location in space

• represented by a dot.
• usually named with an uppercase letter

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Line

• One-dimensional figure
• Extends infinitely
• Made up of infinite number of points

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Segment

• A part of a line with two endpoints

• Contains every point on the line between
that is between its endpoints

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Ray

• A part of a line with one endpoint

• goes on infinitely in only one direction.

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Angles

• Two rays with a common endpoint

• The endpoint is called a vertex
• Named using the a point from each side
and the vertex

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Types of Angles

Measure Name

Between 0° and 90° Acute

Exactly 90° Right

Between 90° and 180° Obtuse

Exactly 180° Straight

Between 180° and 360° Reflex

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Types of Angles

Acute Right Obtuse

Straight Reflex
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Midpoint

• A point that divides a segment into two

• The midpoint is equidistant to both
endpoints

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Intersecting Lines

• Lines that intersect at one common point

• The common point is called point of
intersection

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Parallel Lines

• Lines that will never intersect

• AB||XY indicates that line AB is parallel to
XY

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Polygons

• A closed plane figure formed by at least 3

segments called sides
• The endpoint of each side is called a vertex

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Regular Polygons

• A polygon which is equilateral and

equiangular

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Polygons

• Given a polygon with n

sides
Interior Angle Exterior Angle
Sum of all angles 360°

Measure of each
angle in a regular
polygon

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Triangle

• A polygon with 3 sides and 3 vertices

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Pythagorean Theorem

• In a right triangle, the sum of the squares of

the legs of a right triangle is equal to the
square of the hypotenuse

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Heron’s Formula

• A formula to get the area of a triangle using

the measures of all of its sides

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Special Triangles

30-60-90 Triangle 45-45-90 Triangle

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Geometric Mean Theorem

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Quadrilaterals

Parallelogram
• Two pairs of opposite sides are parallel
• Opposite angles are congruent
• Consecutive angles are supplementary
• Diagonals bisect each other

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Quadrilaterals

Rhombus
• A parallelogram with four congruent sides
• Diagonals are perpendicular to each other

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Quadrilaterals

Rectangle
• A parallelogram with four right angles
• Its diagonals are congruent

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Quadrilaterals

Square
• A parallelogram with four congruent sides and Its
diagonals are congruent

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Quadrilaterals

Kite
• Has two pairs of consecutive congruent sides
• Opposite sides are not congruent
• Diagonals are perpendicular
• The longer diagonal bisects the shorter one

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Quadrilaterals

Trapezoid
• A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides
called bases
• The two non-parallel sides are called legs

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Circle
• Set of all points that is equidistant from a given point
called center.
• Radius- The distance from the center to a point on the
circle
• Chord - A line segment whose endpoints is on the circle
• Diameter- a chord passing through the center. Its
measure is twice the radius
• Circumference = 2πr
• Area = πr^2

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Circle

• Center O
• Radius OB and AO
• Chord XY
• Diameter AB

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Perimeter and Areas
Polygon Perimeter Area

Triangle P= a+b+c, where a,b, and c are A= ½ bh, where b is the base and
the measures of the sides h is the height

Parallelogram Sum of the lengths of its sides A=bh, where b is the base and h is
the height

Rhombus P=4s, where s is measure of the A=bh or ½ d1 * d2 where d1 and

side d2 are the diagonals

Rectangle P=2(L+W), where L is the length A= LW, where L is the length and
and W is the width W is the width

Square P=4s, where s is measure of the P= s^2, where s is measure of the

side side

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Congruent Triangles
Things to remember when dealing with
Congruent Triangles:
• SSS (Side-Side-Side) Congruence Theorem

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Congruent Triangles
Things to remember when dealing with
Congruent Triangles:
• SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Congruence Postulate

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Congruent Triangles
Things to remember when dealing with
Congruent Triangles:
• ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) Congruence Theorem

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Congruent Triangles
Things to remember when dealing with
Congruent Triangles:
• AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) Congruence Theorem

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Congruent Triangles
An isosceles trapezoid has a base that is twice
the length of another base and its legs are
congruent to the smaller base. Two segments
were drawn from the midpoint of the longer
base to the endpoints of the shorter base. Prove
that the segments divide the trapezoid into
three congruent triangles.

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Congruent Triangles
An isosceles trapezoid has a base that is twice the length of another base and
its legs are congruent to the smaller base. Two segments were drawn from the
midpoint of the longer base to the endpoints of the shorter base. Prove that the
segments divide the trapezoid into three congruent triangles.

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Congruent Triangles
An isosceles trapezoid has a base that is twice the length of another base and
its legs are congruent to the smaller base. Two segments were drawn from the
midpoint of the longer base to the endpoints of the shorter base. Prove that the
segments divide the trapezoid into three congruent triangles.
A B
Let A, B, C, D be the
vertices of the
trapezoid and E be the
midpoint of CD.
D C
E

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Congruent Triangles
An isosceles trapezoid has a base that is twice the length of another base and
its legs are congruent to the smaller base. Two segments were drawn from the
midpoint of the longer base to the endpoints of the shorter base. Prove that the
segments divide the trapezoid into three congruent triangles.
A B

D C
E

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Congruent Triangles
An isosceles trapezoid has a base that is twice the length of another base and
its legs are congruent to the smaller base. Two segments were drawn from the
midpoint of the longer base to the endpoints of the shorter base. Prove that the
segments divide the trapezoid into three congruent triangles.
A B

D C
E

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Congruent Triangles
An isosceles trapezoid has a base that is twice the length of another base and
its legs are congruent to the smaller base. Two segments were drawn from the
midpoint of the longer base to the endpoints of the shorter base. Prove that the
segments divide the trapezoid into three congruent triangles.
A B

D C
E

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Congruent Triangles
An isosceles trapezoid has a base that is twice the length of another base and
its legs are congruent to the smaller base. Two segments were drawn from the
midpoint of the longer base to the endpoints of the shorter base. Prove that the
segments divide the trapezoid into three congruent triangles.
A B

D C
E

39
Congruent Triangles
An isosceles trapezoid has a base that is twice the length of another base and
its legs are congruent to the smaller base. Two segments were drawn from the
midpoint of the longer base to the endpoints of the shorter base. Prove that the
segments divide the trapezoid into three congruent triangles.
A B

D C
E

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Congruent Triangles
An isosceles trapezoid has a base that is twice the length of another base and
its legs are congruent to the smaller base. Two segments were drawn from the
midpoint of the longer base to the endpoints of the shorter base. Prove that the
segments divide the trapezoid into three congruent triangles.
A B

D C
E

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Congruent Triangles
An isosceles trapezoid has a base that is twice the length of another base and
its legs are congruent to the smaller base. Two segments were drawn from the
midpoint of the longer base to the endpoints of the shorter base. Prove that the
segments divide the trapezoid into three congruent triangles.
A B

D C
E

42
Congruent Triangles
An isosceles trapezoid has a base that is twice the length of another base and
its legs are congruent to the smaller base. Two segments were drawn from the
midpoint of the longer base to the endpoints of the shorter base. Prove that the
segments divide the trapezoid into three congruent triangles.
A B

D C
E

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Similar Triangles
Things to remember when dealing with
Similar Triangles:
• SSS (Side-Side-Side) Similarity Theorem

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Similar Triangles
Things to remember when dealing with
Similar Triangles:
• SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Similarity Theorem

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Similar Triangles
Things to remember when dealing with
Similar Triangles:
• AA (Angle-Angle) Similarity Theorem

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Similar Triangles

B C
D
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Similar Triangles

•
A

B C
D

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Similar Triangles

•
A

B C
D

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Similar Triangles

•
A

B C
D

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Similar Triangles

•
A

B C
D

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Similar Triangles

•
A

B C
D

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Similar Triangles

•
A

B C
D

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Similar Triangles

•
A

B C
D

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Similar Triangles

B C
D
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Similar Triangles

A
E

B F D

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Similar Triangles

•
C It is given that AB, CD, and EF are
A perpendicular to BD.
E

B F D

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Similar Triangles

•
C

A
E

B F D

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Similar Triangles

•
C

A
E

B F D

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Similar Triangles

•
C By AA Similarity Postulate,
A ∆EDF ∼ ∆ADB and ∆EBF ∼
E ∆CBD.

B F D

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Similar Triangles

•
C

A
E

B F D

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Similar Triangles

•
C

A
E

B F D

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Similar Triangles

•
C

A
E

B F D

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Similar Triangles

•
C

A
E

B F D

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Ceva’s Theorem

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Menalaus’ Theorem

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Stewart’s Theorem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Problem

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Mass Points

1 2

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Mass Points
1 2

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Mass Points
1 2

2 3 1

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Mass Points

In triangle ABC, point D divides side AC so

that AD:DC=1:2. Let E be the midpoint of BD
and let F be the point of intersection of line BC
and line AE. Given that the area of triangle
ABC is 360, what is the area of triangle EBF?

89
Mass Points
In triangle ABC, point D divides side AC so that AD:DC=1:2. Let E be the midpoint
of BD and let F be the point of intersection of line BC and line AE. Given that the
area of triangle ABC is 360, what is the area of triangle EBF?
B

A D 2 C
1 90
Mass Points
In triangle ABC, point D divides side AC so that AD:DC=1:2. Let E be the midpoint
of BD and let F be the point of intersection of line BC and line AE. Given that the
area of triangle ABC is 360, what is the area of triangle EBF?
3 B
4
F

6 E

A D 2 C
2 1
3 1 91
Mass Points
In triangle ABC, point D divides side AC so that AD:DC=1:2. Let E be the midpoint
of BD and let F be the point of intersection of line BC and line AE. Given that the
area of triangle ABC is 360, what is the area of triangle EBF?
3 B
1
4
F

6 E
3

A D 2 C
2 1
3 1 92
Mass Points
In triangle ABC, point D divides side AC so that AD:DC=1:2. Let E be the midpoint
of BD and let F be the point of intersection of line BC and line AE. Given that the
area of triangle ABC is 360, what is the area of triangle EBF?
3 B
1
4
F
2
6 E
3
4

A D 2 C
2 1
3 1 93
Mass Points
In triangle ABC, point D divides side AC so that AD:DC=1:2. Let E be the midpoint
of BD and let F be the point of intersection of line BC and line AE. Given that the
area of triangle ABC is 360, what is the area of triangle EBF?
3 B
1
4
F
2
6 E
3
4

A D 2 C
2 1
3 1 94
Coordinate Bash
A store is located 2
hectometers north of the
barangay hall. Tyron’s (3,4)
house is located 4
hectometers north of
Rex’s house, which is 3
hectometers east of the
barangay hall. If the
barangay hall and Rex’s
house is located on the
main road, what is the
least distance that Tyron
can travel from his house
to the store if he must
pass the main road? (0,-2)

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Coordinate Bash
A store is located 2
hectometers north of the
barangay hall. Tyron’s
house is located 4
hectometers north of
Rex’s house, which is 3
hectometers east of the
barangay hall. If the
barangay hall and Rex’s
house is located on the
main road, what is the
least distance that Tyron
can travel from his house
to the store if he must
pass the main road?

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