COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

FAMILIARIZATION WITH COMPUTER HARDWARE AND PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT,

CONCEPT OF NAMING THE PROGRAM FILES, STORING, COMPILATION, EXECUTION AND
DEBUGGING..

C is a high level language and it needs a compiler to convert it into an executable code so that the program
can be run on our machine.

How to compile and run a C program?

To compile and run a C program we need to first type the C program using an editor. We will be using the
editor gedit to edit C programs.

We first create a C program using an editor gedit and save the file as <filename>.c. All C program files must be given
the extension .c (dot followed by lower case c). Example, palin.c, sqroot.c, binsrch.c, matmul.c etc.

To edit the file, open the terminal window either by typing <ctrl>+<Alt>+t or by double clicking on the Terminal icon
in the Task Bar. At the command prompt $ (dollar) type gedit <filename>.c’ as shown below.

$ gedit hello.c

Department of CSE, SAIT 1

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

Opens the editor gedit with the filename as hello.c. Now, type / edit the code for the program. After completion of
typing, save the program. To save use the short cut key ‘<ctrl> + s’.

Now, in the terminal window, at the prompt, type the command to compile the program as shown below

$ cc hello.c

An output file (executable file) with name a.out is generated if there are no errors in the program. In case there are
errors, cc will display the errors.

Executable file -a.out, is generated and we can run the executable file. To run the program type ./a.out at the prompt
as shown below

$./a.out

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COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

What happens during the compilation process?

Compiler converts a C program into an executable. There are four phases for a C program to become an
executable:

1. Pre-processing
2. Compilation
3. Assembly
4. Linking
By executing below command, we get the all intermediate files in the current directory along with the
executable.

The pre-processing phase includes

• Removal of Comments
• Expansion of Macros
• Expansion of the included files.
The preprocessed output is stored in the filename.i.

$gedit filename.i

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COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

We can see the contents of the intermediate file using the above command. The comments are removed are macros are
replaced with corresponding code. Header file has been expanded and included in source file.

$gedit filename.s

This file contains code written in assembly language. This file is taken as input by the assembler and it converts into
filename.o output file. This will contain code in machine language.

During the linking phase, the function calls are linked with their definitions. The linker adds additional code to setup
the environment for command line arguments. As a result, there will be a significant increase in the size of the file.

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA:

1. What is a compiler? What is the function of a compiler?

2. Explain intermediate code.
3. Which are the four steps followed to convert a C program to executable code?
4. What is the difference between assembly and machine language?
5. What are the steps followed in preprocessing phase?
6. What happens during the linking phase?
7. Why does the size of the file increase after linking phase?

Department of CSE, SAIT 4

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

1. SIMULATION OF A SIMPLE CALCULATOR.

ALGORITHM:
Input: Two integers (operands) and operators
Output: Result of the operation
1. Start
2. Read two operands and operator to perform the calculation
3. Check if operator equals addition then goto step 4 else goto step 5
4. Compute addition operation:
Res=num1+num2
5. Check if operator equals subtraction then goto step 6 else step 7
6. Compute subtraction operation
Res=num1-num2
7. Check if operator equals multiplication then goto step 8 else step 9
8. Compute multiplication operation
Res=num1*num2
9. Check if operator equals division goto step 10 else step14
10. Check the value of num2 equals Zero or not, if num2==0 then goto step 12 else goto step
11. Compute division operation
Res=num1/num2 and goto step 13
12. Enter a value of num2 greater than zero.
13. Display the result
14. Read the two operands which are valid
15. Stop

Department of CSE, SAIT 5

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int choice, operand1, operand2;
char operator;
for(;;)
{
printf("\n ENTER THE ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION\n");
scanf("%d %c %d", &operand1, &operator, &operand2);
switch(operator)
{
case '+':printf("\n RESULT=%d\n",operand1+operand2);
break;
case '-':printf("\nRESULT=%d\n",operand1-operand2);
break;
case '*':printf("\nRESULT=%d\n",operand1*operand2);
break;
case '/':printf("\n RESULT=%g\n",(float)operand1/operand2);
break;
case '%':printf("\n RESULT=%d\n",operand1%operand2);
break;
}

Department of CSE, SAIT 6

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

printf("\n press 1 to continue and 0 to quit:");

scanf("%d", &choice);
if(0==choice)
{
break;
}
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

[root@localhost cpl]# cc arithmetic.c

[root@localhost cpl]# ./a.out

ENTER THE ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION

1+2
RESULT=3
PRESS 1 TO CONTINUE AND 0 TO QUIT:1

ENTER THE ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION

5-2
RESULT=3
PRESS 1 TO CONTINUE AND 0 TO QUIT:1

Department of CSE, SAIT 7

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

ENTER THE ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION

2*3
RESULT=6
PRESS 1 TO CONTINUE AND 0 TO QUIT:1

ENTER THE ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION

5/2
RESULT=2.5
PRESS 1 TO CONTINUE AND 0 TO QUIT:1

ENTER THE ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION

5%2
RESULT=1
PRESS 1 TO CONTINUE AND 0 TO QUIT:0

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA:

1. Why do we need to include stdio.h file in a C program?

2. What are the different types of arithmetic operators?
3. What are the different datatypes?
4. What is the difference between / and % operator?
5. Why do we use printf()?
6. Why do we use scanf()?
7. What is a Variable?

Department of CSE, SAIT 8

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

2. COMPUTE THE ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION BY ACCEPTING THE

COEFFICIENTS. PRINT APPROPRIATE MESSAGES.

ALGORITHM:
Input: Three non zero coefficients a,b and c of a quadratic equation.
Output: To compute roots for the quadratic equation.
1. Start
2. Read three non zero coefficients a,b and c.
3. Check if a is equal to zero. If true, go to step 4 else go to step 5.
4. Display the equation is linear and go to step 11.
5. Calculate the discriminant as follows:
D= b*b - 4* a*c
6. Check if discriminant is 0. If true, go to step 7, else go to step 8.
7. Compute roots as follows:
Root1 = -b/2*a
Root2 = root 1
Display: Roots are real and equal. Root1. Go to step 11.
8. Check is discriminant is greater than 0. If true, go to step 9 else go to step 10.
9. Compute roots as follows:
root1= (-b + sqrt(D))/(2*a)
Root2 = (+b -sqrt(D))/(2*a)
Display: Roots are real and distinct. Root1 and Root2. Go to step 11.
10. Calculate

Department of CSE, SAIT 9

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

Rpart = -b/2*a
Ipart = sqrt(-d)/(2*a)
Display. Roots are imaginary. Rpart and ipart. Go to step 11.
11. Stop

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float a,b,c,desc,r1,r2,realpart,imgpart;
printf("ENTER THE COEFFICIENTS OF a, bAND c :");
scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);
if(a==0)
{
printf("COEFFICIENT OF A CANNOT BE ZERO....\n");
printf("PLEASE TRY AGAIN....\n");
return 1;
}
desc=(b*b)-(4.0*a*c);
if(desc==0)
{

Department of CSE, SAIT 10

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

printf("THE ROOTS ARE REAL AND EQUAL\n");

r1=r2=(-b)/(2.0*a);
printf("THE TWO ROOTS ARE r1=r2=%f\n",r1);
}
else if(desc>0)
{
printf("THE ROOTS ARE REAL AND DISTINCT\n");
r1=(-b+sqrt(desc))/(2.0*a);
r2=(-b-sqrt(desc))/(2.0*a);
printf("THE ROOTS ARE r1=%f AND r2=%f\n",r1,r2);
}
else
{
printf("THE ROOTS ARE REAL AND IMAGINARY\n");
realpart=(-b)/(2.0*a);
imgpart=sqrt(-desc)/(2.0*a);
printf("THE ROOTS ARE r1=%f + i %f\n",realpart,imgpart);
printf("r2=%f - i %f\n",realpart,imgpart);
}
return 0;
}

Department of CSE, SAIT 11

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

OUTPUT:

[root@localhost cpl]# cc quadratic.c -lm

[root@localhost cpl]# ./a.out

ENTER THE CO-EFFICIENTS OF a, b, c

0 1 2
COEFFICIENT OF A CANNOT BE ZERO....
PLEASE TRY AGAIN....
*************************************************************
ENTER THE CO-EFFICIENTS OF a, b, c
1 4 4
THE ROOTS ARE REAL AND EQUAL
THE TWO ROOTS ARE r1=r2=-2
********************************************************
ENTER THE CO-EFFICIENTS OF a, b, c
1 5 3
ROOTS ARE REAL AND DISTINCT
THE ROOTS ARE r1==-0.697224 AND r2=-4.30278
*************************************************************
PROGRAM TO FIND ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION
ENTER THE CO-EFFICIENTS OF a, b, c
3 2 1

Department of CSE, SAIT 12

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

THE ROOTS ARE REAL AND IMAGINARY

r1=-0.333333+i0.471405
r2=-0.333333-i0.471405

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA:

1. What are library files? How are they called in a C program?

2. What are format strings? Explain with example.
3. What is a preprocessor? Which preprocessor is used in this program?
4. Why do we use \n ?
5. What is the return type of main function? Can we use void()? If yes, explain what
changes need to be made to the program.

Department of CSE, SAIT 13

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

3. AN ELECTRICITY BOARD CHARGES THE FOLLOWING RATES FOR THE USE OF

ELECTRICITY: FOR THE FIRST 200 UNITS80 PAISE PER UNIT: FOR THE NEXT 100 UNITS
90 PAISE PER UNIT: BEYOND 300 UNITS RS 1 PER UNIT.ALL USERS ARE CHARGED A
MINIMUM OF RS. 100 AS METER CHARGE. IF THE TOTAL AMOUNT IS MORE THANRS
400, THEN AN ADDITIONAL SURCHARGE OF 15% OF TOTAL AMOUNT IS CHARGED.
WRITE A PROGRAM TOREAD THE NAME OF THE USER, NUMBER OF UNITS CONSUMED
AND PRINT OUT THE CHARGES.

ALGORITHM:
Input: Customer name and unit consumed
Output: Customer name, units consumed and total amount to be paid
1. Start
2. Read the name of customer and the unit consumed by the customer
3. Check if the unit consumed is greater than 1 and less than 200,if true goto step 4 else
goto step 5
4. Compute: Charge=0.8*unit consumed
5. Check if unit is greater than or equal 201 and less than 300,if true goto step 6 else
goto step 7
6. Compute:Charge=0.8*(200)+0.9*(unit 200)
7. Compute:Charge=0.8*200+0.9*(100)+1*(unit-300)
8. After calculating charge,find total:
Total=charge+100

Department of CSE, SAIT 14

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

9. Check if total is greater than 400,if true goto step 10 else goto step 11
10. Compute total(after surcharge)=total *115/100 and proceed to step 11
11. Display the customer name,Units Consumed and total charge per unit
12. Stop

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float unit,total,charge;
char name[20];
printf("Enter the name : "); // Accept Customer's name
gets(name);
printf("Enter the units : "); // Accept No. of units consumed
scanf("%f",&unit);
charge=0;
if(unit>=1&&unit<=200) // Charge 80 paise per unit for the first 200 units
{
charge=0.8 * unit;
}
else if(unit>=201&&unit<=300) // Charge 80 paise per unit for the first 200 units and
{ // 90 paise per unit for the next 100 units

Department of CSE, SAIT 15

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

charge = 0.8*(200) + 0.9*(unit-200);

}
else if (unit > 300) //Charge 80 paise per unit for the first 200 units,
{ // 90 paise per unit for the next 100 units and one rupee per unit for all units above 300
charge = 0.8*(200) + 0.9*(100) + 1*(unit-300);
}
total=charge+100; // Add Meter charge of Rs. 100
if(total>400)
{
total = total + (0.15*total); // Add additional surcharge of 15 percent of total
amount
}
printf("\n\nELECTRICITY BILL\n");// Display the electricity bill
printf("-------------------------------\n");
printf("\nName : %s\n",name);
printf("No. of units: %0.2f\n",unit);
printf("Total Bill Amount: Rs. %0.2f\n",total);
printf("-------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}

Department of CSE, SAIT 16

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

OUTPUT:

[root@localhost cpl]# cc electricity.c

[root@localhost cpl]# ./a.out

1. Enter the name : Anitha

Enter the units : 0
ELECTRICITY BILL
--------------------------
Name : Anitha
No. of units: 0.00
Total Bill Amount: Rs. 100.00
----------------
2. $ ./a.out
Enter the name : Harish
Enter the units : 167
ELECTRICITY BILL
-------------------------
Name : Harish
No. of units: 167.00
Total Bill Amount: Rs. 233.60

3.$ ./a.out

Department of CSE, SAIT 17

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

Enter the name : Anuradha

Enter the units : 598
ELECTRICITY BILL
----------------
Name : Anuradha
No. of units: 598.00
Total Bill Amount: Rs. 745.20
----------------
4.$ ./a.out
Enter the name : Rajeev Gupta
Enter the units : 876
ELECTRICITY BILL
----------------
Name : Rajeev Gupta
No. of units: 876.00
Total Bill Amount: Rs. 1064.90
----------------
QUESTIONS FOR VIVA:
1. What is the difference between getc(), getch() and gets()?
2. What is the difference between printf() and scanf()?
3. What are looping structures in C? Which looping structure have you used in your C
program? Justify.
4. What are control structures in C? Give some examples.

Department of CSE, SAIT 18

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

4. IMPLEMENT BINARY SEARCH ON INTEGERS/NAMES

ALGORITHM:
Input: List of unsorted elements and element to be searched.
Output: Sorted list and element is present or not.
1. Start
2. Read size of the array and list of elements which are not sorted.
3. Use swap function in a loop to sort the given array.
4. Display the sorted list of elements.
5. Read the element to be searched. key.
6. Check if first is not equal to last. If true, find the middle element.
7. A. Check if the key is equal to the middle element. If true, element is found at n/2
index and exit loop. Go to step 8.
B. Else, check if the key is greater than middle element. If true, change first to mid.
Go to step 6.
C. Else, check if the key is smaller than middle element. If true, change last to mid.
Go to step 6.
8. Stop.

Department of CSE, SAIT 19

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int a[100], num, i, mid, low, high, found, key;
printf("\n ENTER THE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS \n");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("\n ENTER THE ELEMENTS IN ASCENDING ORDER \n");
for(i=0;i<num;i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
printf("\n ENTER THE KEY ELEMENT \n");
scanf("%d",&key);
found=0;
low=0;
high=num-1;
while(low<=high)
{
mid=(low+high)/2;
if(key==a[mid])
{
found=1;

Department of CSE, SAIT 20

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

break;
}
else
if(key<a[mid])
{
high=mid-1;
}
else
{
low=mid+1;
}
}
if(found)
printf("\n KEY ELEMENT %d FOUND AT POSTION %d \n", key, mid+1);
else
printf("\n KEY ELEMENT NOT FOUND \n");
return 0;
}

Department of CSE, SAIT 21

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

OUTPUT:

[root@localhost cpl]# cc binarysearch.c

[root@localhost cpl]# ./a.out

ENTER THE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS

5

ENTER THE ELEMENTS IN ASCENDING ORDER

1 2 3 4 5
ENTER THE KEY ELEMENT
4
KEY ELEMENT 4 FOUND AT POSTION 4

**********************************************

ENTER THE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS

5
ENETR THE ELEMENTS IN ASCENDING ORDER
1 2 3 4 5
ENTER THE KEY ELEMENT
6
KEY ELEMENT NOT FOUND

Department of CSE, SAIT 22

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

BINARY SEARCH ON NAMES

PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
int i,n,low,high,mid;
char a[50][50],key[20];
printf("enter the number of names \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter the name in ascending order\n");
for(i=0;i<=n-1;i++)
{
scanf("%s",&a[i]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("enter the name to be searched\n");
scanf("%s",&key);
low=0;
high=n-1;
while(low<=high)
{

Department of CSE, SAIT 23

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

mid=(low+high)/2;
if (strcmp(key,a[mid])==0)
{
printf("key found at the position %d\n",mid+1);
exit(0);
}
else if(strcmp(key,a[mid])>0)
{
high=high;
low=mid+1;
}
else
{
low=low;
high=mid-1;
}
}
printf("name not found\n");
}

Department of CSE, SAIT 24

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA:

1. What is binary search?

2. How to declare an array?
3. What is an array? Give example.
4. Can an array store both integer and float variables?
5.What are the different types of array?

Department of CSE, SAIT 25

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

5. IMPLEMENT MATRIX MULTIPLICATION AND VALIDATE THE RULES OF MULTIPLICATION.

ALGORITHM:
Input: Two matrices A and B.
Output: Result of A x B.
1. Start
2. Input 2 matrices A and B and store them in 2D arrays. Display A and B.
3. Check multiplication condition where the number of columns in A is equal to the
number of rows in B. If true, go to step 4. If false, display that matrix multiplication is
not possible.
4. Perform matrix multiplication. Display resultant matrix.
5. Stop

Department of CSE, SAIT 26

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int m, n, p, q, i, j, k, a[10][10], b[10][10];
int c[10][10]={0};
printf("PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT MATRIX MULTIPLICATION \n");
printf("\n Enter the Order of Matrix 1\n");
scanf("%d %d", &m, &n);
printf("\nEnter the Order of Matrix 2\n");
scanf("%d %d", &p, &q);
if(n!=p)
{
printf("Matrix Multiplication is not possible\n");
exit(0);
}
printf("Enter the elements of Matrix 1\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
printf("Enter the elements of Matrix 2\n");

Department of CSE, SAIT 27

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

for(i=0;i<p;i++)
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
{
c[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
printf("\n Matrix 1\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("%d \t", a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");

}
printf("\n");

Department of CSE, SAIT 28

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printf("\n Matrix 2\n");

for(i=0;i<p;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
printf("%d \t", b[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
printf("\nThe product of the Matrix is\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
printf("%d \t", c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Department of CSE, SAIT 29

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

OUTPUT:

[root@localhost cpl]# cc matrix.c

[root@localhost ~]# ./a.out

PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT MATRIX MULIPLICATION

Enter the order of matrix1

23
Enter the order of matrix2
45
matrix multiplication is not possible

*********************************************************
PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT MATRIX MULIPLICATION

Enter the order of matrix1

23
Enter the order of matrix2
32
Enter the elements of matrix 1
123
456

Department of CSE, SAIT 30

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Enter the elements of matrix 2

12
34
56
Matrix 1
123
456
Matrix 2
12
34
56
MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
THE PRODUCT MATRIX IS
22 28
49 64

*********************************************************
PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT MATRIX MULIPLICATION

Enter the order of matrix1

22
Enter the order of matrix2
22
Enter the elements of matrix 1

Department of CSE, SAIT 31

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

12
34
Enter the elements of matrix 2
10
01
Matrix 1
12
34
Matrix 2
10
01
The product matrix is
12
34

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA:

1. What is a array? What are the different types of arrays?

2. Consider a 5 x 5 matrix. What will be the index to fetch the element at the 3rd row and 3rd column?
3. What is increment operator?
4. What is decrement operator?
5. What is right to left associativity?

Department of CSE, SAIT 32

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

6. COMPUTE SIN(X)/COS(X) USING TAYLOR SERIES APPROXIMATION. COMPARE YOUR

RESULT WITH THE BUILT- IN LIBRARY FUNCTION. PRINT BOTH THE RESULTS WITH
APPROPRIATE INFERENCES.

ALGORITHM :
Input: The value of x in degree
Output: To compute Sin(x) using Taylor Series.
1. Start
2. Read the value of Xin defree
3. Compute the value of x in radians: x = (3.1412/180.0) * degree
4. Initialise:
a. Term = x
b. Sum = term
c. i=3
5. Check if the absolute value term is greater than 0.0001. If true goto Step 6 else goto
Step 7.
6. Compute:
Term = ( - term * x * x ) / ( i * (i - 1 ) )
a. Sum = sum + term
b. I = i + 2
7. Display sine using iteration : sum
8. Display sine using library function: sin(x)
9. Stop

Department of CSE, SAIT 33

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define PI 3.142857
int main()
{
float x,degree,nume,deno,sum,term;
int i;
printf("Enter degree:");
scanf("%f",&degree);
x=degree*(PI/180.0);
sum=0;
nume=x;
deno=1.0;
i=1;
do
{
term=nume/deno;
sum=sum+term;
i=i+2;
nume=-nume*x*x;
deno=deno*i*(i-1);
} while (fabs(term) >= 0.00001);
Department of CSE, SAIT 34
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

printf ("Computed value of Sin(%f)=%f\n",degree,sum);

printf ("Value from library function is sin(%f) = %f\n",degree,sin(x));
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

[root@localhost cpl]# cc sin.c -lm

[root@localhost ~]# ./a.out
Enter degree: 60
Computed value of Sin(60.000000)=0.866236
Value from library function is sin (60.000000) = 0.866236

[root@localhost ~]# ./a.out

Enter degree: 30
Computed value of Sin (30.000000)=0.500182
Value from library function is sin (30.000000) = 0.500182

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA:

1. What is # define?
2. What is the syntax of do while?
3. What is fabs?

Department of CSE, SAIT 35

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

7. SORT THE GIVEN SET OF N NUMBERS USING BUBBLE SORT.

ALGORITHM:
Input: Size of the array and elements to be sorted
Output: List of elements in sorted order
1. Start
2. Read the size of array:a[n]
3. Read the elements of array:n
4. Sort the elements in array using bubble sort
5. Display the elements of array in sorted order:a[n]
6. Read the key to be searched:search_key
7. Initialize:
First=0
Last=n-1
8. Check while first is less than or equal to last.If true goto step 9 else goto step 15
9. Compute:
mid= (first+last)/2
res=cmp (a [mid], search_key)
10. Check if res is equal to zero.If true goto step 11 else goto step 12
11. Display element found at position:mid and goto step 16
12. Check if res is greater than zero.If true goto step 13 else goto step 14
13. Compute:Last=mid-1 goto step 8
14. Compute:First=mid+1 goto step 8
15. Display key not found
16. Stop

Department of CSE, SAIT 36

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int num, i, j, arr[10], temp;
printf("\n Program to implement Bubble Sort\n");
printf("\n Enter number of elements\n");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("\n Enter the elements\n");
for(i=0;i<num;i++)
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
for(i=0;i<num;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<num-i-1;j++)
{
if(arr[j]>arr[j+1])
{
temp=arr[j];
arr[j]=arr[j+1];
arr[j+1]=temp;
}
Department of CSE, SAIT 37
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

}
}
printf("\n The sorted array is\n");
for(i=0;i<num;i++)
printf("%d \t", arr[i]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

[root@localhost cpl]# cc bubblesort.c

[root@localhost ~]# ./a.out

PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT BUBBLE SORT

ENTER NO OF ELEMENTS
7
ENTER THE ELEMENTS
2 1 6 5 7
THE SORTED ARRAY IS
1 2 5 6 7

*************************************************

Department of CSE, SAIT 38

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT BUBBLE SORT

ENTER NO OF ELEMENTS
6
ENTER THE ELEMENTS
9 7 5 3 1 0
THE SORTED ARRAY IS
0 1 3 5 7 9

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA:

1. What is Sorting?

2. What is return ?

3. What is the importance of variable temp?

Department of CSE, SAIT 39

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

8. WRITE FUNCTIONS TO IMPLEMENT STRING OPERATIONS SUCH AS COMPARE,

CONCATENATE, STRING LENGTH. CONVINCE THE PARAMETER PASSING TECHNIQUES.
ALGORITHM:
a.String length:
1. Start
2. Read the string given by the user
3. To find the length of string, call the function str_length (str)
4. In str_length (str): count the characters in the string one by one until it encounters null
character then goto step 5
5. Display the length of string.
b String Compare:
1. Start
2. Read two strings str1 and str2 given by the user
3. To find comparison between two strings goto step 4
4. Call the function str_compare(str1,str2)
a. Compare ASCII value of a character in string1 with string2,if both value equals
then
goto step 5
b. Check if ASCII value of character in string1 is greater than string2 character then
goto step 6
c. Check if ASCII value of character in string1 is lesser than string2 character then
goto
step 7

Department of CSE, SAIT 40

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

5. Display both strings are same

6. Display String1 is greater than String2
7. Display String1 is lesser than String2
8. Stop
c. String Concatenation
1. Start
2. Read two strings str1, str2 from user
3. Call the concatenation function str_concat (str1, str2)
a. Find the last character in string1 by checking the null character,then copy each
character in string2 to string1
b. After concatenation of string2 to string1, append null character at the end of

Department of CSE, SAIT 41

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
int str_length(char []);
int str_compare(char [], char []);
void str_concat(char [], char []);
int main()
{
char str[50];
char str1[50], str2[50];
char str_des[100], str_src[50];
int length, comp_res;
printf("\nEnter a string :");
scanf("%s",str);
length = str_length(str);
printf("The length of %s is %d\n",str,length);
printf("\nEnter two strings for string compare :");
scanf("%s%s",str1,str2);
comp_res=str_compare(str1,str2);
if (comp_res < 0)
{
printf("String \"%s\" is less than string \"%s\"\n",str1,str2);
}
else if (comp_res == 0)

Department of CSE, SAIT 42

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

{
printf("String \"%s\" is same as string \"%s\"\n",str1,str2);
}
else
{
printf("String \"%s\" is greater than string \"%s\"\n", str1,str2);
}
printf("\nEnter two strings for string concatenation :");
scanf("%s%s",str_des,str_src);
str_concat(str_des,str_src);
printf("The string after concatenation is \"%s\"\n", str_des);
return 1;
}
int str_length(char s[])
{
int i;
for(i=0;s[i]!='\0';i++);
return i;
}
int str_compare(char s1[], char s2[])
{
int i,j;
for(i=0,j=0;(s1[i] != '\0' && s2[j] != '\0');i++,j++)
{

Department of CSE, SAIT 43

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

if (s1[i] != s2[j])
{
return (s1[i] - s2[j]);
}
}
if (s1[i] == '\0' && s2[j] == '\0')
{
return 0;
}
else if(s1[i] == '\0' || s2[i] == '\0')
{
return (s1[i] - s2[i]);
}
}
void str_concat(char s1[], char s2[])
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;s1[i] != '\0';i++);
for(j=0;s2[j] != '\0';i++,j++)
{
s1[i] = s2[j];
}
s1[i] = '\0';
}

Department of CSE, SAIT 44

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

OUTPUT
[root@localhost cpl]# cc string.c
[root@localhost ~]# ./a.out
Enter a string: rainbow
The length of rainbow is 7
Enter two strings for string compare:
rain
rainbow
String "rain" is less than string "rainbow"
Enter two strings for string concatenation:
rain
bow
The string after concatenation is rainbow

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA

1. What is string concatenation?

2. How does string compare take place?
3. What is the terminating character while counting string length?
4. What is the length of a string?

Department of CSE, SAIT 45

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

9. IMPLEMENT STRUCTURES TO READ, WRITE AND COMPUTE AVERAGE MARKS AND

THE STUDENTS SCORING ABOVE AND BELOW THE AVERAGE MARKS FOR A CLASS
OF N STUDENTS.

ALGORITHM :
Input: Student details such as student id, name and marks
Output: To print the details of those students scoring above and below average
1. Start
2. Read the number of students
3. For each student, read the student id, name and marks for all subjects.
4. Calculate the average of the marks and store in the avg field.
5. Print results.
6. Initialise loop
7. Read the average of each student
8. Check if avg>35.00
9. If yes print result else go to next iteration
10. Initialise loop
11. Read average of each student
12. Check if avg<35.00
13. If yes print result else go to next iteration
14. Stop

Department of CSE, SAIT 46

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct student
{
int stu_id;
char name[20];
float lang1_marks;
float lang2_marks;
float sc_marks;
float mat_marks;
float sst_marks;
float comp_marks;
float avg;
};
struct student s[20];
int i,n;
printf("Enter the number of records :");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter %d student details...\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
Department of CSE, SAIT 47
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

{
printf("\n\nEnter student ID :"); // Student ID
scanf("%d",&s[i].stu_id);
printf("Enter student name :"); // Studet Name
scanf("%s",s[i].name);
printf("Enter lang1 Marks:"); // Language 1 marks
scanf("%f",&s[i].lang1_marks);
printf("Enter lang2 Marks :"); // Language 2 Marks
scanf("%f",&s[i].lang2_marks);
printf("Enter science Marks :"); // Science Marks
scanf("%f",&s[i].sc_marks);
printf("Enter Maths Marks :"); // Maths Marks
scanf("%f",&s[i].mat_marks);
printf("Enter SST Marks :"); // SST Marks
scanf("%f",&s[i].sst_marks);
printf("Enter Computer Marks :"); // Computer Marks
scanf("%f",&s[i].comp_marks);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
s[i].avg=(s[i].lang1_marks + s[i].lang2_marks + s[i].sc_marks + s[i].mat_marks +
s[i].sst_marks + s[i].comp_marks)/6.0;
}
printf("Students scoring above the average marks....\n");

Department of CSE, SAIT 48

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

printf("\n\nID\tName\tAverage\n\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(s[i].avg>=35.0)
printf("%d\t%s\t%f\n",s[i].stu_id,s[i].name,s[i].avg);
}
printf("\n\nStudents scoring below the average marks....\n");
printf("\n\nID\tName\tAverage\n\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(s[i].avg<35.0)
printf("%d\t%s\t%f\n",s[i].stu_id,s[i].name,s[i].avg);
}
return 0;
}

Department of CSE, SAIT 49

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

OUTPUT
[root@localhost cpl]# cc student.c
[root@localhost ~]# ./a.out

Enter the number of records: 5

Enter 5 student details...
Enter student ID: 101
Enter student name: manjula
Enter lang1 Marks:56
Enter lang2 Marks :54
Enter science Marks :34
Enter Maths Marks :32
Enter SST Marks :45
Enter Computer Marks :67

Enter student ID :102

Enter student name :kavitha
Enter lang1 Marks:90
Enter lang2 Marks :99
Enter science Marks :98
Enter Maths Marks :97
Enter SST Marks :96
Enter Computer Marks :100

Department of CSE, SAIT 50

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

Enter student ID :103

Enter student name :banu
Enter lang1 Marks:54
Enter lang2 Marks :22
Enter science Marks :1
Enter Maths Marks :12
Enter SST Marks :12
Enter Computer Marks :3
Enter student ID :104
Enter student name :pallavi
Enter lang1 Marks:3
Enter lang2 Marks :44
Enter science Marks :5
Enter Maths Marks :55
Enter SST Marks :53
Enter Computer Marks :21

Enter student ID :105

Enter student name :lalitha
Enter lang1 Marks:54
Enter lang2 Marks :2
Enter science Marks :34
Enter Maths Marks :56

Department of CSE, SAIT 51

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

Enter SST Marks :78

Enter Computer Marks :9

Students scoring above the average marks....

ID Name Average
101 manjula 48.000000
102 kavitha 96.666664
105 lalitha 38.833332

Students scoring below the average marks....

ID Name Average
103 banu 17.333334
104 pallavi 30.166666

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA

1. What is the size of a structure?

2. What is the difference between array

3. What is the syntax for creating a structure?

4. What is a structure?
5. How do you declare a structure variable?
6. How to access a structure variable?
7. What is typedef?

Department of CSE, SAIT 52

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

10. DEVELOP A PROGRAM USING POINTERS TO COMPUTE THE SUM, MEAN AND
STANDARD DEVIATION OF ALL ELEMENTS STORED IN AN ARRAY OF N REAL
NUMBERS.

ALGORITHM :
Input:An array of numbers
Output: To compute sum, mean and standard deviation
1. Start
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the numbers into the array ‘a’ using the pointer ‘p’.
4. Initialise: i=0 and sum=0
5. Iterate the loop and perform the following
a. Sum = sum + *p
b. Increment i
6. Display the sum
7. Calculate the mean using the formula mean = sum/n
8. Display mean
9. Initialise i=0 and var=0
10. Iterate the loop and perform the following
var=var+pow((*p-mean),2);
a. Increment i
11. Display the variance
12. Compute. var = var/n
a. Sd = sqrt(var)

Department of CSE, SAIT 53

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

13. Display sd
14. Stop

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main(void)
{
int i, num;
float mean=0.0, variance=0.0, sd=0.0, arr[100], sum=0.0;
float *ptr;
ptr=arr;
printf("ENTER THE NUMBER OF VALUES:");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("ENTER %d VALUE\n", num);
for(i=0;i<num;i++)
{
scanf("%f", ptr+i);
sum+=*(ptr+i);
}
mean=sum/num;

Department of CSE, SAIT 54

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

for(i=0;i<num;i++)
{

variance+=(ptr[i]-mean)*(ptr[i]-mean);
}
variance/=num;
sd=sqrt(variance);
printf("\n THE VALUES ENTERED ARE");
for(i=0;i<num;i++)
{
printf("\n \t %g", ptr[i]);
}
printf("\n \t MEAN=\t %g \n \t VARIANCE=\t %g \n \t STANDARD DEVIATION=\t %g \n", mean,
variance, sd);
return 0;
}

Department of CSE, SAIT 55

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

OUTPUT:

[root@localhost cpl]# cc pointers.c -lm

[root@localhost ~]# ./a.out

ENTER THE NUMBER OF VALUES: 4

ENTER 4 VALUES
1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4
THE VALUES ENTERED ARE
1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4
MEAN = 2.7515
VARIANCE = 1.5125
STANDARD DEVIATION = 1.22984

**************************************

ENTER THE NUMBER OF VALUES: 5

ENTER 5 VALUES:
5.345 6.765 7.234 8.675 9.765
THE VALUES ENTERED ARE
5.345 6.765 7.234 8.675 9.765
MEAN = 7.5568 34
VARIANCE = 2.34995
STANDARD DEVIATION = 1.53295

Department of CSE, SAIT 56

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA

1. What is a pointer?
2. How to declare a pointer variable?
3. What is dangling pointer?
4. What is a pointer to pointer?
5. What is pointer to array?
6. What is pass by reference?

Department of CSE, SAIT 57

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

11. IMPLEMENT RECURSIVE FUNCTIONS FOR BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION.

PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int bin2dec(long int num)
{
if(num==0) return 0;
return (num%10+2*bin2dec(num/10));
}
int main()
{
long int bin,decimal;
printf("\n Enter a Binary Number ");
scanf("%ld",&bin);
decimal=bin2dec(bin);
printf("Equivalent Decimal Number %ld",decimal);
return 0;
}

Department of CSE, SAIT 58

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (21CPL17/27)

OUTPUT:

[root@localhost cpl]# cc BIN2DEC.c -lm

[root@localhost ~]# ./a.out

Enter a Binary Number 101

Equivalent Decimal Number 5

QUESTIONS FOR VIVA

1. What is function?

2. What is recursion?

3. What is –lm command?

Department of CSE, SAIT 59