11

Statistics and Probability

Activity Sheets
Quarter 4 – MELC 10
Identifying the Appropriate Form of the
Test-Statistic Involving Central Limit
Theorem

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Activity Sheet No. 10
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Statistics and Probability Activity Sheet

Writer: Kritzman E. Armisa

Illustrator: Kritzman E. Armisa

Layout Artists: Kritzman E. Armisa and Rutchel J. Ngipen

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:

Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Jezereel Grace G. Tiron
Bernie P. Alcedo
Division of Iloilo City Management Team:
Ma. Luz M. De los Reyes, PhD, CESO V, SDS
Lilibeth T. Estoque, EdD, CESO VI, ASDS
Arlo L. Villalva, CID Chief
Jerry M. Lego, EdD, SGOD Chief
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Regional Management Team
Ramir B. Uytico, EdD, CESO IV
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr., PhD, CESO V
Elena P. Gonzaga, EdD
Donald T. Genine,
Adonis A. Mosquera

ii
Introductory Message
Welcome to Statistics and Probability for Senior High School!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Iloilo City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Statistics and Probability for Senior High School will help you
facilitate the teaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and
learner. This will be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease
the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Statistics and Probability for Senior High School is developed to help
you continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides
you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an
active learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the
activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the
agreed schedule.

iii
 Quarter 4, Week 5

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 10

Name of Learner: ___________________ Grade and Section: _________________

Date: _____________________________

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY ACTIVITY SHEET

Identifying the Appropriate Form of Test-Statistic Involving Central Limit Theorem

I. Learning Competency with Code

Identifies the appropriate form of the test-statistic when the Central Limit
Theorem is to be used. (M11/12SP-IVe-3)

II. Background Information for Learners

Determining what test-statistic to use specifically when testing your

hypothesis is the most crucial part in Statistics. This is important because this
would actually help you determine the answer as to what concerns you in a
certain problem. In this activity sheet, you will be the one to determine the
appropriate test-statistic to use when Central Limit Theorem comes in.

Central Limit Theorem (CLT) states that if random samples of size 𝑛 are
drawn from a population, then as 𝑛 becomes larger, the sampling distribution of
the mean approaches the normal distribution, regardless of the shape of the
population distribution. Again, this only applies as long as the sample size 𝑛 is
sufficiently large. According to some statisticians a sample size of 30 or more is
large enough. It is important to know if CLT can be applied in a problem as it
exhibits a phenomenon where the average of the sample means and standard
deviations equal the population mean and standard deviation, which is
extremely useful in accurately predicting the characteristics of population.

In dealing with some statistical problems, we are concerned if what test-

statistic is applicable. Under the normal curve, T-test and Z-Test could actually
help us with that.

T-Test is usually used when the sample size is less than 30 (𝑛<30) and
determines if there is a statistically significant difference between two
independent sample groups.

While, Z-Test is conducted if the sample size is at least 30 (𝑛 ≥30) and is

used to compare population means to a sample’s. The z-score tells you how far,
in standard deviations, a data point is from the mean or average of a data set.

To properly understand what test-statistic to use, refer to table 1.

1
Table 1
Population
T-Test Z-Test
Samples / Test-Stat
𝑥̅ − 𝜇 𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑡= 𝑠 𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛 √𝑛
𝑥̅ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
Population Mean
𝜇 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝜇 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑠 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
- 𝑝̂ − 𝑝
𝑧=
𝑝𝑞
√
𝑛
Population 𝑝̂ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
Proportion 𝑝 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑞 =1− 𝑝

Example 1: The principal of a certain high school claims that 85% of all the
students is in favor of the new school uniform. A statistics teacher is in favor of
the new school uniform and asked his students to verify the claim. Supposed
that 451 out of the 550 randomly selected students indicated that they are in
favor of the new school uniform. At 0.05 level of confidence, is there enough
evidence to conclude that the percentage of students who are in favor of the
new school uniform is different from 85%?

From the problem above, it is stated that 451 out of 550 randomly selected
students said that they are in favor of the new school uniform. Which means,
Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is applied.

Population
T-Test Z-Test
Samples / Test-Stat
𝑥̅ − 𝜇 𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑡= 𝑠 𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛 √𝑛
𝑥̅ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
Population Mean
𝜇 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝜇 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑠 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
- 𝑝̂ − 𝑝
𝑧=
𝑝𝑞
√
𝑛
Population 𝑝̂ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
Proportion 𝑝 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑞 =1− 𝑝
2
Since 𝑛 ≥30 and the sample came from the proportion of a population (85%),
therefore, z-test under population proportion can be used.

Example 2: The leader of the association of jeepney claims that the average
daily take home pay of all jeepney drivers in Pasay City is ₱400.00. A random
sample of 100 jeepney drivers in Pasay City was interviewed and the average
daily take home pay of these drivers is found to be ₱425.00. Use a 0.05
significance level to find out if the average daily take home pay of all jeepney
drivers in Pasay City is different from ₱400.00. Assuming that the population
variance is ₱92.00.

The sample that was taken from the above problem was 100 jeepney drivers
which is greater than 30, therefore, CLT is applied.

Population Z-Test
T-Test
Samples / Test-Stat
𝑥̅ − 𝜇 𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑡= 𝑠 𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛 √𝑛
𝑥̅ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
Population Mean
𝜇 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝜇 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑠 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑝̂ − 𝑝
𝑧=
𝑝𝑞
√
𝑛
Population 𝑝̂ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
-
Proportion 𝑝 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑞 =1− 𝑝

Since we are talking about the “average daily take home pay of all jeepney
drivers in Pasay City”, 𝑛 ≥30 and population variance is given, therefore, Z-Test
under population mean is can be used.

Example 3: A school administrator claims that less than 50% of the students of
the school are dissatisfied by the community cafeteria service. Test this claim
by using sample data obtained from a survey of 500 students of the school
where 54% indicated their dissatisfaction of the community cafeteria service.

This problem involves population proportion and you can determine this using
the statement “less than 50% of the students of the school”. This means that a
portion of the students is the interest of this study. Also, Central Limit Theorem
is also applied.

3
 Population
T-Test Z-Test
Samples / Test-Stat
𝑥̅ − 𝜇 𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑡= 𝑠 𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛 √𝑛
𝑥̅ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
Population Mean
𝜇 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝜇 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑠 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑝̂ − 𝑝
𝑧=
𝑝𝑞
√
𝑛
Population 𝑝̂ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
-
Proportion 𝑝 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑞 =1− 𝑝

Since the problem involves population proportion and the number of samples is
more than 30 (n>30), therefore, z-test can be used.

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Education Sites

Mercado, J. & Orines, F. (2016). NCM Statistics and Probability. Phoenix

Publishing House, Inc.

Altares P. et.al. (2012). Elementary Statistics with Computer Applications.

Second Edition. Rex Book Store, Inc. Reprinted April 2013.

Belecina R. et.al. (2016). Statistics and Probability. First Edition. Rex Book
Store, Inc. Reprinted February 2016.

IV. Activity Proper

General Directions: In answering the exercises in the Learning Activity Sheet

(LAS), please be reminded not to write anything here. Read each problem
carefully and all answers must be written in a separate sheet of paper.

Exercise 1: It was announced over the radio that the average price of a kilogram
of pork liempo in Metro Manila is ₱195. However, a sample of 15 prices that are
randomly collected from different markets in Metro Manila showed an average
of ₱200 and a standard deviation of ₱9.50. Using a 0.05 level of significance, is
there sufficient evidence to conclude that the average price of pork liempo in
Metro Manila is more that ₱195? Normality is assumed over the population.

4
Fill out the information below:
Can CLT be applied?: ___________________________
Population Sample: _____________________________
Test-Statistic to be used: _________________________
Formula: ______________________________________

Exercise 2: Before Mayweather and Pacquiao’s Fight of the Century, 75% of

the people in Manila said that they preferred boxing over basketball. After the
fight, out of the 150 randomly chosen people in Manila, 105 said that they
preferred boxing over basketball. Does this indicate that people in Manila are
losing interest in boxing? Use 0.05 level of significance.
Fill out the information below:
Can CLT be applied?: ___________________________
Population Sample: _____________________________
Test-Statistic to be used: _________________________
Formula: _____________________________________

Exercise 3: The owner of XYZ Corporation claims that more than 32% of their
toy products last for two months. To test this claim, a researcher randomly
selected 1200 toys and found out that 798 of them lasted for two months. Test
the claim at 1% level of significance.
Fill out the information below:
Can CLT be applied?: ___________________________
Population Sample: _____________________________
Test-Statistic to be used: _________________________
Formula: ______________________________________

Exercise 4: Drinking water has become an important concern among people.

The quality of drinking water must be monitored as often as possible during the
day for possible contamination. Another variable of concern is the pH below 7.0
is acidic while a pH above 7.0 is alkaline. A pH of 7.0 is neutral. A water-
treatment plant has a target pH of 8.0. Based on 16 random water samples, the
mean and the standard deviation were 7.6 and 0.4, respectively. Does the
sample mean provide enough evidence that it differs significantly from the target
mean?
Fill out the information below:
Can CLT be applied?: ___________________________
Population Sample: _____________________________
Test-Statistic to be used: _________________________
Formula: _____________________________________
5
 Guide Questions:

1. How would you know if CLT can be applied?

2. While answering, what terms are you looking for in order for you to identify
the right test-statistic to use?

V. Reflection

Instruction: In 3-5 sentences, write a reflection of what you have learned in this
topic.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.

6
 7
EXERCISE 1: EXERCISE 3:
Can CLT be applied?: No Can CLT be applied?: Yes
Population Sample: 15 Population Sample: 798
Test-statistic: T-Test Test-statistic: Z-Test
𝑥̅ −𝜇 𝑝−𝑝
Formula: 𝑧 = 𝑠 Formula: 𝑧 = 𝑝𝑞
√𝑛 √𝑛
EXERCISE 2: EXERCISE 4:
Can CLT be applied?: Yes Can CLT be applied?: No
Population Sample: 150 Population Sample: 16
Test-statistic: Z-Test Test-statistic: T-Test
𝑝−𝑝 𝑥̅ −𝜇
Formula: 𝑧 = 𝑝𝑞 Formula: 𝑧 = 𝑠
√𝑛 √𝑛
ANSWER KEY