NAME : Mohamad Hanif bin Md Amzan MATRIC NO.

: 3111011431 FACULTY : Biomedical & Health Science

Lab Report (1)

Title : Safety Equipment and Hazardous Chemicals

Part A : Observation on safety equipment

Objective : To record all safety equipment available in UNISEL medical laboratories and describe their functions . Activity : Observe all equipment in these labs used to provide safety / protect laboratory personnels from laboratory hazards . Name and draw each , and describe their functions . As a new student , we are required to identify the types of equipment and its functions to easier communication between lecturer and students in teaching and learning in the class. This can also help avoid any unwanted incidents occurred during the students are doing tasks in the laboratory. Our lecturer has explained about some safety equipment available in the medical laboratory. We have explained many new things that we did not know before. However, this is our introduction before stepping further in this course . Item Observed : Safety Shower First Aid equipment to help us when excident occurred by chemical splash , burns , and others . If anything other than chemical contact with the body , we need to use this equipment . This is to minimize injury happened from the excident . Before use it , we should allow it to flow a few minutes to remove rust .

Fume Hood

It is designed to prevent us from exposure to hazardous fumes when we are working with chemicals . The fume will be sucked out through a hole on top of the Fume Hood and released to the outside air . According to our lecture , the fume will become normal when mixed with surrounding air . If the chemical fume not sucked out , it will accumulate in the laboratory . It can danger the people in the laboratory .

Laminar Flow

This is a biosafety cabinet . Mostly , it is used for doing experiment or generate a new virus and bacteria . Before we use it , we should clean the Laminar Flow using alcohol and UV light to destroy the elements . When UV light is lighting the Laminar Flow , we are not allowed to be there . After we finished doing our work , we must clean the Laminar Flow .

Autoclave

Autoclave is metal pressure vessels that are used for steam sterilization of media, instruments, and lab ware, and for decontamination of biological waste. Autoclaves function by pressurizing steam in an airtight chamber, which increases the steam temperature significantly. The superheated steam kills all microorganisms . Autoclaves are generally easy to use but they are ineffective and potentially very hazardous if operated incorrectly, especially if the door is opened too soon or too rapidly after a run is completed.

Discussion : At Unisel , there are several medical laboratories used by students of the Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences . There are the Laboratory of Microbiology, Laboratory Haematologi and others. In each laboratory , there is a lot of equipment that risk students . From our observation, there is no Spill Kits and fire extinguishers here. Perhaps the management should consider that student safety is guaranteed.

What is Spill Kits ? Spill Kits helps on respond to spills quickly and effectively . It controls odours caused by spills to ensure that our workplace can quickly get back to normal after accidental spills .

Give 3 differences between Fume Hood and Biosafety Cabinet . FUME HOOD No filtration Exhausts chemical fumes outside the laboratory Suitable for chemicals and non-sterile work Utilized to ensure sterility and containment of infectious work BIOSAFETY CABINET HEPA filtration of air intake and exhaust Recirculates filtered air into the laboratory

Part B : Hazardous chemicals management

Objective : To record the name , formula , and hazard sign of each chemical available in UNISEL medical laboratory . Activity : As a new student , we also required to know how to manage the hazardous chemicals by : a) Draw the sign of the following chemical hazards : 1.Toxic 2.Corrosive 3.Explosive 4.Flammable 5.Biohazard 6.Radioactive 7.Harmful b) List all chemicals available in our laboratory and categorize them according to the hazard signs .

Item Observed : List of chemicals that available in our laboratory : CHEMICAL NAME Drabkin Solution Ammonia Solution Hydrogen Peroxide Phenol Liquid Boric Acid Ammonium Cupric Sulphate Ammonium Sulphate Ammonium Molybdate NH3 H2O2 C6H5OH H2BO3 (NH4)2Cu(SO4)6HO4 (NH4)SO4 (NH4)6MO7O24 . 4H2O Harmful FORMULA HAZARD SIGN Toxic Corrosive Corrosive Toxic , Corrosive Nil Harmful

Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Acetate Ammonium Thiosulphate Oritio-Phosphoric Acid PhenylHydrazine Hydrochloride Oxalic Acid Hydrochloric Acid Sulphuric Acid Nitric Acid Glycine Hydrazine Sulphate Sodium Phosphate Sodium Bicarbonate Sodium Chloride Sodium Hydroxide Pellets Sodium Citrate Sodium Iodide Copper(II) Sulphate Lime Water Potassium Hydrogen Cholestrin Dodeca-Tungstofosforic Acid Calcium Chloride Copper(II) Nitrate Copper(metal) Powder Nirtrolphenol Magnesium Nitrate Hexahydrate Nitriumborhyrid Acetone

NH3NO4 CH3cOONH (NH4)2S2O3 H3PO4 C6H2ClN C2H2O22H2O HCl H2SO4 HNO3 C2H5O4S N2H6O4S H2NaO4P NaHCO3 NaCl NaOH C6H5Na3O72H2O Nal CuSO4 Ca(OH)2 K2HPO4 C27H46O H3[P(W 3O10)4]xH2O CaCl2.H2O Cu(NO3)2 2.5H2O Cu C6H5NO3 Mg(NO3)2.6H2O NHSF4

Oxidising Nil Nil Corrosive Irritating , Toxic Harmful Corrosive Corrosive Corrosive Nil Toxic Nil Nil Nil Corrosive Nil Nil Harmful Nil Nil Nil Corrosive Irritating Harmful Nil Irritating Oxidising Toxic , Extremely Flammable Irritating , Extremely Flammable

Formaldehyde Lead(II) Bromide Lead(II) Nitrate Iron(III) Chloride Chloroform

HCHO PbBr2 Pb(NO3)2 FeCl3.6H2O CHCL3

Toxic Harmful Toxic , Oxidising Harmful Extremely Flammable

Acid Alcohol

Corrosive , Extremely Flammable

Ninhydrin

Harmful , Extremely Flammable

Sucrose Ethyl Acetate

C12H32011 Ch3+COOC3H5 CH3OH C4H10O C3H8O Zn C5H4N4O3 C6H5O2 C4H8O H5IO6 KCN C16H32O2 K3Fe(CN)6 K2CO3 KHCO3 KlO3 C6H5Na3O7.H20 C6H3N3O7 C6H32O2 Ca K2HPO4

Nil Extremely Flammable , Irritating

Methanol Diethyl Ether Propanol Zinc Powder Uric Acid Phenol Isopropyl Alcohol Periodic Acid Potassium Cyanide Palmitic Acid Potassium Hexacyanoferrate III Potassium Carbonate Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate Potassium Iodate Tri-sodium Citrate Picric Acid Nitrophenol Calcium Di-potassium Hydrogen

Extremely Flammable , Toxic Extremely Flammable Extremely Flammable Extremely Flammable Extremely Flammable Irritating Extremely Flammable Corrosive , Oxidising Toxic Irritating Nil Nil Nil Nil

Explosive Harmful Extremely Flammable

Sign of chemical hazard :

Discussion : From what we observed , we found that many different types of chemicals . In our medical laboratory, there are only a few chemicals available . But when we did a survey on the website we found many more types of chemicals that we have not been met . Despite what we found was a little , but it is already considered a lot for us.

What does it means by biohazard / biological hazard ? Give 2 examples . Biohazard refers to the biological wastes that are capable of causing diseases and infections to living beings. Thus they are a threat to good health. They are a potential health risk and can damage the environment directly or indirectly. This is due to their pathogenic and contamination. Thus it is a danger posed to humans by a biological organism or by a material produced by such an organism. There are different types of biohazards. They may be in different forms and affect people in different ways. Pollen grains, chemicals let out of garbage, parasites, viruses and fungi are some of the examples of biohazards. Biologically active agents like venom, toxins, and allergens are also classified under biohazards . They may cause diseases like allergies, skin disorders, respiratory problems and several other diseases .

Name one source of radioactive hazard (not necessarily chemicals) . Cosmic Ray is the radiation coming from space that continues down to earth . It is a very high radiation through the earth from space and not from the earth.

Define Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) . A material safety data sheet (MSDS) is a form with data regarding the properties of a particular substance. An important component of product stewardship and workplace safety, it is intended to provide workers and emergency personnel with procedures for handling or working with that substance in a safe manner, and includes information such as physical, toxicity, health effects, first aid, reactivity, storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill-handling

procedures. MSDS formats can vary from source to source within a country depending on national requirements. MSDS are a widely used system for cataloging information on chemicals, chemical compounds, and chemical mixtures. MSDS information may include instructions for the safe use and potential hazards associated with a particular material or product. These data sheets can be found anywhere where chemicals are being used. There is also a duty to properly label substances on the basis of physico-chemical, health and/or environmental risk. Labels can include hazard symbols such as the European Union standard black diagonal cross on an orange background, used to denote a harmful substance. An MSDS for a substance is not primarily intended for use by the general consumer, focusing instead on the hazards of working with the material in an occupational setting. In some jurisdictions the MSDS is required to state the chemical's risks, safety, and effect on the environment. It is important to use an MSDS specific to both country and supplier, as the same product have different formulations in different countries. The formulation and hazard of a product using a generic name may vary between manufacturers in the same country.