CHAPTER 4: DECISION-MAKING POLICY-MAKING IN

● Being Hopeful to The Divinity

ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT
● Satisfactions from The Divinity and life deeds
Khajeh Nasir al-din Tusi divides policies of ● Heart Confidence in The Divinity
governments/organization into two:
● Fearing no one but Allah
1. Policy of Imamat or Utopian policy

-people’s partial characteristics 3. behavioral – we should have trust in the divinity

● Having an active role in life
2. Policy of Dominance or policy of Non-Utopian
● Cutting greed from others
- base of policy making and results to cruelty

problem recognition and definition - 1st step in policy ● Refraining from means of haram text
making and decision making
CHAPTER 5: PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZING in Islamic
Expendiency – causes perfection of humanity, not Management
favorable to people.
Guidance - the relationship between a being and
-2 pillars in forming expendiency: his/her future perfectness

“being good” & “beneficence” 2 Opposites of Guidance:

*Wretched - a person who has a purpose but does not
-Khayr (public good) – refers to expendiency; exclusive know how to achieve it.
mission of chosen people.
*Aimlessness - one who does not know the destination.
JURISPRUDENTIAL RULES REGARDING DECISION-
MAKING BASED ON EXPENDIENCY” THREE SHAPES OF DIVINE POLITICAL SYSTEM
1. Management in the era of prophethood
-denotes the necessity of maintaining Islamic govmnt 2. Management in the era of Imams
3. Management in the era of unseen
-denotes the observation of public expediency

Expendiency rule = principle of public expediency 4. Islamic Jurisprudence Management - the guardian of
Islamic Jurist based on Quran, Sunnah, Intellect and
PRINCIPLE OF PUBLIC BENEFICENCE PRECEDENCE Consensus
3. Alawite Management – based on Quran and Sunnah
-it is necessary to sacrifice individual and group interests 2. Prophet Management – based on Quran and Divine
before public ones inspiration
1. Divine Management – based on the oneness of God.
DECISION-MAKING BASED ON CONSULTATION *RULING OF ALLAH

-principle of “human being as a social being” = every ONENESS OF GOD CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE:
human being is social by nature 1. Unity of divine essence – essence of God is one or
unique
DECISION-MAKING BASED ON TRUST IN GOD
Tavakkol ( trust in The Divinity) from the origin of 2. Unity of divine attributers - nothing unless its its
(vekalat) means assigning works to others. nature

*Allameh Tabatabaei – believes that factors such as 3. Unity of divine actions – universe and whatever is
indolence in will and decision making separate people inside of it stemmed from Allah’s will
from their purpose
2 commitments in “Trust in The Divinity” FIRST ASPECT: Enunciating The Divine Rules
1. The commitment of a slave who accepts divine SECOND ASPECT: Ruling and Statesmanship
duties assigned to him by God
2. The commitment of The Divinity who accepts MANAGEMENT
the good destiny consigned to him by a slave 1. Alawite Management - divine Trinity; three
aspects of the one God. The aspects of the
Trinity are Mana (meaning), Ism (Name) and
*Imam Kazem – trust in the divinity has different levels:
Bab (Door).
CEB
1. Cognitive - understanding and ideology of a person.
2. MANAGEMENT BASED ON ISLAMIC
● Relating deeds and incidents JURISPRUDENCE- science of management by
utilising all human and material resources in an
● Considering daily bread optimal manner in order to achieve certain
goals;
2. emotional - individual with reliance and confidence in
The Divinity feels a kind of calmness in his heart.
● Disappointment from people
Sharia- form of divine guidance
Sunnah - traditions and practices of Prophet 3. Social Power
Muhammad. 4. Metaphysical Power

-precedence of God to all others – first principle Dimensions of power and authority of the
emphasized by Imam Ali management: One who wants to rule over the Islamic
ummah and exert power in a Hereafter-inclined
-Mulla Sadra believes that human beings are naturally organization needs two elements: "Legitimacy" and
social; that their life does not inprove unless through "Acceptance"
civilization
-Legitimacy gives the "right of ruling" to the ruler and
-Khaje Nasirodin Toosi defines civil wisdon as a -acceptance bestows ruling to power.
knowledge which is formal through congregating people
in order to attin a goal Shahid Seyyed Hassan Modarres says that the original
ruler is God but his rules are administered by people
TYPOLOGY OF RULES IN ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT
Stable rules: protect critical interests of human beings Malek - a person who acts on the basis of religion and if
and have a stable and unchanging condition. his decisions are not based on religion
Changeable rules: temporary, local, or exclusive aspects
and differ with the change of lifestyle. Dominance – Malek’s ruling
Malek = dominator
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY
Principles from the Aphorism of Imam Ali (AS) Najm al-Din Razi reckons that ordering, management,
1. God's power is original and justice cannot be fulfilled in the society unless all
2. Arbitrariness of the power of management strata and social classes are put in an accurate, ordered,
3. Obeying the superordinate and defined relations with others, government and
4. Supplicating Mercy themselves.
5. Accepting forgiveness
Mohaghegh Ardebili believes that a legitimate
6. Refraining from machinelike behavior
government is one who has taken its legitimacy and
ruling from the divine ruling.
RESPONSIBILITY relates to tasks and projects.
ACCOUNTABILITY relates to the subsequent Shahid Seyyed Hassan Modarres says that the original
examination ruler is God but his rules are administered by people.

PRINCIPLE OF RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY

3 conclusion from moses and aaron:

1. Accountability - Managers and employees should

administer the divine orders exactly the same as what
has been ordered
2. accountability based on rapprochement - Managers
should follow their ideals, based on their ability, to the
extent that the society does not encounter with rift and
dissolution
3. inspection of responsibility and accountability - The
senior managers have the authority to inspect the
deeds of their subordinates and make them tell the
reasons of violating the principle and plants set by the
managers and the subordinate managers are to respond

Principles of Responsibility and Accountability:

● Moderation of Responsibility and

Accountability
“Do not impose the burden of
responsibility more than your moderation
because its weight is excruciating for you”
● Moderation in Accepting Responsibility
“Indolence of mankind in doing deeds
which are on his charge and also insisting on
doing things which are more than his ability are
the sign of palpable inability and a destructive
thought”

THE PRINCIPLE OF JUST DIVISION OF THE WORK

HUMAN POWER CATEGORIES NTSM

1. Natural or Physical Strength
2. Technical Power