Organization and Administration of

the Guidance Program

Marlene M. Monterona Ed.D.,DPA, RGC

GS Professorial lecturer

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 CHAPTER 7

Accountability

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. To be able to define accountability and accountability In public service.
2. To know the types and level of accountability
3. To understand accountability of government employees and official
4. To gain knowledge of Public officials code of conduct

CONTENT

Accountability

ACCOUNTABILITY is the acknowledgement and assumption of

responsibility for actions, products, decisions, and policies including the
administration, governance, and implementation within the scope of the role or
employment position and encompassing the obligation to report, justify and be
answerable for resulting consequences.

Accountability of Public Officer

Public Office is a Public Trust. Public Officer and employees

must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost
responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism, and justice and
lead modest life.

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 Types of Accountability

1. Traditional Accountability

Focuses on the regularity of fiscal transactions and the faithful

compliance to legal requirments and administrative policies. The standards
by which one is judged are those of legality and regularity set by controllers
external to the person responsible.

2. Managerial Accountability

These program range from attempt at work simplification and

revision of forms all the way to systems improvements and agency
reorganizations. Operational audits had long been done by agencies
concerned with management under such name as management
analysis methods (O and M) studies and systems improvements

3. Program Accountability

Is concerned with the results of government operations.

Accountability is the property of units as well as the individual
bureaucrats whose activities together make the effectiveness of a
program. To secure its attainment, a comprehensive performances
audit on the financial and operational performance using the
standards 3E’s.

4. Process Accountability
It implies emphasizes on procedures an methods of operation
and focuses on the black box inside systems which transforms
inputs ( the concern of traditional and managerial accountability).
This type of accountability recognizes that some goals may not
be measurable directly and surrogates, representing how goal
directed activity may be performed, are used instead.

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 Levels of Accountability

1. Hierarchical Accountability
It’s the management by command and control. This level
accountability is the most appropriate for tasks that are highly
complex, have a significant potential harm or both.

2. Cultural Accountability
It is a peer pressure. Far more powerful than hierarchical
accountability for better and worse in many oganizations,it exerts
a negative pressure on productivity and performance, as when
there is peer pressure to not be an overachiever.

3. Personal Accountability
This is the highest and best form of accountability. People
who accept personal accountability don’t need someone else
looking over their shoulders or have co-workers pressure them
into behaving in a certain manner.

Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees

1. Commitment to Public Interest – Every public officials or

employee must remember that he/she is a public servant. Thus the interest of the
public should always come before his/her personal interest.

2. Professionalism – Means that every public official or employee

should perform and discharge their duties and responsibilities with the highest
degree of excellence professionalism, intelligence and skill.

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 3. Justness and Sincerity – Government employees and official
must remain sincere and true to the people they served at all times. They should
treat people equally and must not discriminate against anyone especially the poor
and the underprivileged.

4. Political Neutrality – No officer and employees in the civil service

shall engage directly or indirectly in any electioneering or partisan political activity,
except to vote.

5. Responsive to the Public – Extend prompt, courteous, and

adequate service to the public.

6. Nationalism and Patriotism – Always be loyal to the republic and to the

people, promote the use of locally produce goods, resources and technology ad
encourage appreciation and pride of country and people.

7. Commitment to the Democracy – Commit yourself to the

democratic way of life and values. Maintain the principle of public accountability
and manifest by deeds the supremacy of civilian authority over military. Always
uphold the constitution and put loyalty to country above loyalty to persons or party.

8. Simple Living – you and your family shall lead modest live
appropriate to your positions and income.

Duties of Public Officials and Employees

 Act promptly on letter and requests

 Submit Annual Performance Report / IPCRF / OPCRF
 Process documents and papers expeditiously
 Act immediately on the public’s personal transactions.
 Make documents Accessible to the public

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 Prohibited Acts and Transaction of Public Official and Employees

1. Financial and Materials Interest

2. Outside employment and other activity related thereto.

3. Disclosure and / or misuse of confidential information

4. Solicitation or Acceptance of Gifts

Statement and Disclosure

1. SALN – Statements of assests, liabilities, and net worth.

Disclosure of financial connections or business interests and
identification of relatives within 4th degree of consanguinity or
affinity.

2. Identification and Disclosure of relatives

3. Accessibility of Documents

4. Prohibited Acts

Divestment

A Public Official or employee shall avoid conflicts of interest at all times.

When conflicts of interest arises, he shall resign from his position in any private
business enterprises within thirty (days) from his assumption of office and /or
divest himself of his shareholdings or interest within 60 days from such
assumption.

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 Impeachable Officials

1. The President and Vice President of the Philippines;

2. The Members of the Supreme Court;
3. The Member of the Constitutional Commission
4. The Ombudsman

Grounds for Removal of Impeachable Officer

1. Culpable Violation of the Constitution

2. Treason

3. Bribery

4. Graft and Corruption

5. Other High Crimes

6. Betrayal of Public Trust

Penalty in Impeachment Cases

The penalty to be imposed on an officer found guilty of an impeachable

charge is limited “to removal from office and disqualification to hold any office
under the Republic of the Philippines. No Penalty in the form of imprisonment or
fine may be imposed.

Offices with Disciplinary Power

1. Impeachment Court

2. Supreme Court

3. Court of Appeal

2. Sandiganbayan
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 3. Ombudsman

4. Civil Service Commission

5. Office of the President

6. Office of the Governor

7. Office of the Mayor

8. Other Quasi-Judicial Body

GUIDE QUESTIONS.
1. Is accountability important in an organization?
2. Given the levels of accountability is personal accountability is the best to
use in an organization?
3. How could we best maximize individual capability given a lot of limitation
that government employees must follow?

REFERENCES
1. 1987 Philippine Constitution

2. Republic Act 6713

3. Introduction to Public Administration-2015

Third Edition, Volume I, NCPAG, Pages 363-370

5.Public Administration Management and Governance

First Edition, 2013 by Teresita J. Guadalupe, Pages 267-283

6. Introduction to Public Administration -2015

Carmelo Rico S. Bihasa, Pages 159-179

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Table of Contents
LEARNING OBJECTIVES..............................................................................................................1
CONTENT........................................................................................................................................1
Accountability..................................................................................................................................1
Accountability of Public Officer.......................................................................................................1
Types of Accountability....................................................................................................................2
Levels of Accountability...................................................................................................................3
Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees......................................................................3
Duties of Public Officials and Employees.........................................................................................4
Prohibited Acts and Transaction of Public Official and Employees..................................................5
Statement and Disclosure..................................................................................................................5
Divestment........................................................................................................................................5
Impeachable Officials.......................................................................................................................6
Grounds for Removal of Impeachable Officer..................................................................................6
Penalty in Impeachment Cases..........................................................................................................6
Offices with Disciplinary Power.......................................................................................................6
GUIDE QUESTIONS.......................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................7