Welcome to our

Math Class
Quarter 1
MELC #1: Generates Patterns

Mrs. Cherry Lyn R. Solis

Mathematics Teacher
Learning Competency:
The learner generates patterns. (M10AL-Ia-1)
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. define a sequence and differentiate between finite
and infinite sequences;
2. describe and generate patterns;
3. find the next few terms in a sequence given the general
term or nth term of the sequence; and
4. appreciate the importance of sequences and patterns in
our daily lives.
The world around us is full of patterns. One of the most important lessons in
mathematics is the study of patterns and sequences.
Everything in life has mathematical patterns. Think of
the wild animals with stripes or patterns for the
purposes of camouflage.

Leaves have patterns, too. Leaf arrangement has been

modeled mathematically since 1996 using an equation
known as the DC2 (Douady and Couder 2).

Everyday we follow a sequence or a pattern. We may

not be able to recognize these patterns to the things we
do but from cooking our food, doing our laundry,
changing the volume of our devices, choosing clothes to
wear, we use the concept of patterns.
 Provinces in the Philippines have their own
unique ways of celebrating their culture. For
example, the South Cotabato province has a
big celebration every year known as T’nalak
Festival. Every July, the festival is a week-long
celebration held in Koronadal City, the capital
of South Cotabato.

The festival gets its name from “t’nalak”, a colorful abaca cloth, created and
woven by the women of the T’boli tribe of South Cotabato. The design of the
cloth is unique and “dreamed up” by the person who creates it. That’s why the
province is known as “The Land of the Dreamweavers”. The T’nalak fabric
serves as the festival icon because it symbolizes the blending of the culture,
strength, and unity of the various ethnic groups living in the province.
Consider the following and answer the given question.

1. What is the next shape in


,,, , , , , , ___?

2. What is the next symbol in

+, – , •,  , +, –, •,  , +, –, ___?
•

3. What is the next letter in

N
J, F, M, A, M, J, J, A, S, O, ___?
Consider the following and answer the given question.
10
4. What is the next number in 2, 4, 6, 8, ___?

128
5. What is the next number in 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ____?

49
6. What is the next number in 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, ___?
The sets of shapes, symbols, letters, and numbers in
the activity are called sequences.
 SEQUENCE
A set of ordered objects that has a definite pattern or
has a fixed rule is called a sequence.
Example: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
➢ A term is obtained by adding 2 to the previous term
Each number or element in a sequence is called a term of a
sequence.
The terms of a sequence are denoted by a1, a2, a3, …, an
where an is the nth term or the general term of the sequence.
a1 = 2, a2 = 4, a3 = 6, a4 = 8, a5 = 10
Sequences
Illustrative


Example
Describe the following sequences then find the next two
terms of each sequence.
a. 4, 7, 10, 13, ___,
16 ___
19
➢ A term is obtained by adding 3 to the previous term

-9
-13 ____
b. -25, -21, -17, ____,
➢ A term is obtained by adding 4 to the previous term

c. 15, 7, -1, -9, ____,

-17 ____
-25
➢ A term is obtained by subtracting 8 (or adding -8) from the
previous term
Sequences
Illustrative


Example
Describe the following sequences then find the next two
terms of each sequence.
d. 7, 14, 28, 56, ____,
112 ____
224
➢ A term is obtained by multiplying the previous term by 2

e. 2 , 3 2 , 5 2 , 7 2, ____,
9 𝟐 11____
𝟐
➢ A term is obtained by adding 2 2 to the previous term

Sequences
 Finite and Infinite
A sequenceSequence
can be either finite or infinite.

The set of numbers {2, 4, 6, 8, …, 100} is a finite

sequence because it has a last term, which is 100.
The set of numbers {2, 4, 6, 8, …} is an infinite
sequence since it has no last term.
The ellipsis (three dots) indicates that it has no end.

Finite and Infinite Sequence

Illustrative Example

 Determine whether the sequence is finite or infinite.

a. 1, 5, 9, 13, … ➢ infinite

b. 4, 8, 12, 16, …, 200 ➢ finite

c. odd numbers ➢ infinite

d. multiples of 5 ➢ infinite

e. numbers in the BINGO card ➢ finite

Finite and Infinite Sequence
 Try This!!!
I. Describe the following sequences then find the missing
number to complete each sequence.
1. 13, 26, 39, ___,
52 65 4. 1, 4, 9, 16, ___,
25 36
2. -25, -21, -17, ___,
-13 -9 5. y – 3, 2y – 6, 3y – 9, 4y
___– 12
3. 10, 100, 1000, 10000
___
II. Find the next three terms of each sequence.
6. 12, 16, 20, 24, 28,
… 32, 36 9. 2 + 1, 3 + 1, 2 + 1, 5 + 1, …
-14, -20, -26 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
7. 10, 4, -2, -8, … 10. 3, 4, 5, 6 7, 8, 9
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
8. 24, -12, 6, -3, … 𝟐,− 𝟒, 𝟖 𝟗. 𝟔 + 1, 𝟕 + 1, 𝟐 𝟐 + 1
 Finding the Next Terms in a Sequence Given the
General Term or nth Term of the Sequence

A general term or nth term of a sequence is a

formula or a mathematical expression that describes
the sequence. It also generates any term in the
pattern.
To find the terms in a sequence given its general term
or nth term, replace n by 1, 2, 3, 4, …

Finding Terms in a Sequence

Illustrative Example

 Find the first four terms of the sequence whose nth term is
an = 2n + 1.
Solution:
n = 1, 2, 3, 4, substituting these values in the given rule, we have
an = 2n + 1 an = 2n + 1 an = 2n + 1 an = 2n + 1
a1 = 2(1) + 1 a2 = 2(2) + 1 a3 = 2(3) + 1 a4 = 2(4) + 1
a1 = 3 a2 = 5 a3 = 7 a4 = 9
Therefore, the first four terms of the given sequence
an = 2n + 1 are 3, 5, 7, and 9.

Finding Terms in a Sequence

Illustrative Example

 List down the terms of the sequence an = (–3)n

1  n  3.
+ 1 for

Solution:
n = 1, 2, 3, substituting these values in the given rule, we have
an = (–3)n + 1 an = (–3)n + 1 an = (–3)n + 1
a1 = (–3)1 + 1 a2 = (–3)2 + 1 a3 = (–3)3 + 1
a1 = (–3)2 a2 = (–3)3 a3 = (–3)4
a1 = 9 a2 = –27 a3 = 81
The three terms of the sequence are 9, –27, and 81.

Finding Terms in a Sequence

Illustrative Example

 nth term is a
Find the 7th term and the 20th term of the sequence whose
=
n2 −1
.
n 2
n +1
Solution:
n = 7 and 20, substituting these values in the given rule, we
have 2 2 −1 399
a20 =
n −1 48 n
an = n2 +1 a7 = 50 an = n2 +1
401
72 −1 202 −1
a7 = 24 a20 =
72 +1 a7 = 202 +1
25
49 −1 400 −1
a7 = a20 = 400+1
49+1

Finding Terms in a Sequence

Illustrative Example

 Philip receives a basic salary plus a commission for selling cell

phones defined by An= ₱ 19,350 + ₱350n in a month,
where n is the number of cell phones he can sell.
a. How much is Philip’s basic salary?
b. How much will he receive if he can sell 8 phones in a
month? b. n = 8
Solution: A8 = 19,350 + 350(8)
a. ₱19,350 = ₱19,350 + ₱2,800
= ₱22,150
b. He will receive ₱22,150 if he can sell 8 cell phones.
Finding Terms in a Sequence
Illustrative Example

 Philip receives a basic salary plus a commission for selling cell

phones defined by An= ₱19,350 + ₱350n in a month,
where n is the number of cell phones he can sell.
c. If his coworker’s basic salary and commission is defined as
An= ₱19,250 + ₱365n, who will receive a higher amount
after selling 10 cell phones in a month? Justify your answer.
Solution:
n = 10 n = 10
A10 = 19,350 + 350(10) A10 = 19,250 + 365(10)
= ₱19,350 + ₱3,500 = ₱19,250 + ₱3,650
A10 = ₱22,850 A10 = ₱22,900
Philip’s coworker will receive ₱50 more than him.
Finding Terms in a Sequence
 Try This!!!

I. Write the first four terms of the sequence given its general term.
Express your answer in simplest form if necessary.
1. An = 3n – 2 1, 4, 7, 10 3. an = 2𝑛 + 1 3 , 5, 7, 3
𝑛+1 3 2 5
2. an = (-1) (n + 2) –3, 4, –5, 6 4. An = 2𝑛 1, , ,
n
4 3 8
II. 5. Find the 5th term of the sequence an = – n2 – 100. a5 = –125
6. Lewis is offered ₱20 000 as starting salary for a job, with a raise of
₱2 000 at the end of each year of outstanding performance. If he
maintains continuous outstanding performance, what will his
salary be at the end of 6 years? ₱32 000
 Things to
Remember
sequence
A _________________ is a set of ordered objects that has a definite pattern
term
or has a fixed rule . Each object in a sequence is called a ______.

finite sequence is a sequence having a last term, while an

A __________________
infinite sequence a sequence that has no last term.
__________________is

To find terms in a sequence given its general term or nth term,

replace or substitute n by 1, 2, 3, 4, …
________________________
 Evaluation

1. Describe the sequence 2, -2, -6, …. and give its next three terms.
➢ The term is obtained by subtracting 4 (or adding -4) to the
previous term; the next three terms are -10, -14, -18
2. Given the set of integers from -8 to 15, is it finite or infinite? ➢ finite
3. Find the first three terms of the sequence an = n2 – 2 ➢ –1, 2, 7
4. Find the 10th term of the sequence an = 4n2 – 2n + 1. ➢a10 = 381
 Additional Activities for
Use the patternsEnrichment
below to complete the table. Let an represents the number of
matchsticks.

n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4

a. Complete the table.

n 1 2 3 4
an
b. The fifth figure will contain how many matchsticks (draw the figure)?
c. Describe the given pattern in words.
d. How many matchsticks will be there on the tenth figure?
e. Find another (alternative) approach to solve the given question in letter d
without drawing the figure or listing the elements.