Senior High School English for Academic and Professional Purposes Quarter 1 — Module 2 Using Knowledge of Text Structure to Glean InformationEnglish for Academic and Profes Alternative Delivery Mode First Semester-uarter 1- Using Knowledge of Text Structure to Glean Information First Edition, 2020 nal Purposes— Grade 11 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the govemment agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit ‘Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (le., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education - Region III Secretary: Leonor M. Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Author: Syralyn Ann M. Sanchez Language Reviewer: Josellto G. Milan Content Editor: Cherllyn R. Goyena, PhD Marclano V. Gruz, Jr. Mustrator: Syralyn Ann M. Sanchez Layout Artist: Rolando N. Javier, Jr. Management Team: Management Team Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD EPS.Division ADM Coordinator Jay - Arr V. Sangoyo, PhD EPS -English Glenda S. Constantine Project Development Officer It Joannarle C. Gracia Librarian tt Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan ‘Curriculum Implementation Division Leaming Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS) Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan Emall address: Imdsbulacan@deped .gov.phSenior High School English for Academic and Professional Purposes Quarter 1 — Module 2 Using Knowledge of Text Structure to Glean Information CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-la-c-4 DepEDIntroductory Message For the Faciiitate Welcome to English for Academic and Professional Purposes Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Using Knowledge of Text Structure to Glean Information. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from Public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the leamers meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling, This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent leaning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the Needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances, In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that wil help you in guiding the learners As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own leaming, Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the Learner: Welcome to English for Academic and Professional Purposes Alternative Oetvery Mode (ADM) Module on Using Knowledge of Text Structure to Glean Informatian This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to pracess the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. ‘This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: This will give you an idea of the skills or| competencies you are expected to leam in the module. ‘This part includes an activity that aims to check | what you already know about the lesson to take. ‘If you get all the answers correctly (100%), you may decide to skip this module. 1This is a brief dril or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem. a problem opener, an activity or a situation. ‘This section provides a brief discussion of the! lesson. This aims to help you discover and) understand new concepts and skilis. This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the ‘end of the module. This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. At the end of this module, you will also find: This section provides an activily which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real lfe situations or concems. This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Tn this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich’ your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This contains answers to all activities In the module. References- This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 4 Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the Module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2 Included in the module. 3. 4 8. 6. Don't forget to answer What | Know before moving on to the other activities Read the instructions carefully before doing each task. Observe honesty and integrity In doing the tasks and checking your answers. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. Return this module to your teacherrfaciltalor once you are through with it It you encounter any dificuy in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you wil experience meaningful leaming and gain deep understanding of the relevant compeiencies. You can do it!This module will teach you to use knowledge of text structure to you need. Different activities are provided here that will halp you gain knowledge and Understanding of the topic. At the end of this module, you are expected to: * identity the structure of academic text * differentiate structures of academic text; and * create an academic text that can be applied to a text structure. : 4 wnat 1 Rnow Directions: Read the following statements and choose the best answer. Write your answers on the space before each number. 1. _Itrefers to how information is organized in a passage. a. descriptive structure b. academic structure c. text structure 2. Its a text structure that explains reasons why something happened. a. problem-solution b. cause and effect ©. spatialidescription 3. This type of text examines the similarities and differences between two or more people, concepts, ideas, etc. a. problem-solution b. cause and effect ©. comparison and contrast 4. This word means time, ‘a. chrono b. logic . chronological 5. This type of structure sets up a problem or problems, explains solutions ‘and then discusses the effects of the solution. a. problem-solution b. cause and effect . comparison and contrast 6. This type of text structure features a detailed description of something to give a reader a mental picture, a. problem-solution b. cause and effect Cc. spatialidescription10, " 12, 13, 14, 15, The following words can be used as signal words in cause and effect text structure EXCEPT: a. dueto b. because ¢. meanwhile itis the basic pattern of a story. ‘a, middie - beginning - end ib, beginning - middie - end '¢. end ~ middle - beginning itis organized based on the occurrence of an event. ‘a, spatialidescription b. chronological order ‘©. cause and effect This word means order. a. chrono b. logic ©. chronology The following are signal words for contrasting EXCEPT: a. similarty b. but «. unlike The following are signal words for chronological order EXCEPT: a. first, second, third... b. begin, next, last. c. like, unlike, both. The following are signal words for comparing EXCEPT: a. both b. but ‘c. similarly This text structure presents the causal relationship between a specific event. a, cause and effect ». spatial description . comparison and contrast. ‘What kind of description should be used in describing specific events, Persons or places in spatial/description text structure? ‘a. vague bb. vivid ‘¢. non realistic(Se) wets In Se Let's Review! Directions: Identify the following terms based on your previous lesson. Choose your answer from the box below. Write the letter of your answer on the space before each item. A.siyle B. purpose C. caution —_D. objectivity E. form: ___1. It is the language that should be used in writing academic text. __2. It serves as the writer's goal in writing a text __3. Its a feature of language that requires you to be careful on your writing. "4. Its a feature of language which prohibits. you to include personal emotions in the text. __5. It deals with the way the writer organize a text. Do We Match? Directions: Match the definition in column A to the term in Golurnn B. Write the letter of your answer on the space before each number. Column A Column B __1. {tis the meaning of the word “logic”. A. description 2 Itrefers to the signal word for cause and effect. _B. text structure 3. It creates a picture in the mind of the readers. . beginning - middle - end "4. Its the organization of text in a passage. D. order 5. Its the basic structure of a story E. due to Qp) nat nt Using Knowledge of Text Structure to Glean Information Text Structure Every student should understand that a text should present its details and main ideas. Text structure helps them to organize a written text, giving its cause and effect, or its different views. Text structure refers to organization of information in a passage. Common Types of Text Structure Spatial or Description gives a reader a detailed feature that creates a picture on hisiher mind about a topic.Spatial organization is when information in a passage Is organized in order of space of location. Spatial organization can also be called as descriptive writing. if you are about to describe how something looks, you are describing it spatially. It can also be used in fiction and non-fiction. Even if narration style of writing is usually arranged chronologically, if the author is describing a setting of a certain scene, the author is describing it spatial. Example: Volcanoes can be a source of fear and destruction. Even though volcanoes are like pressure valve in the inner earth, they are very beautiful sights. One of the parts of the volcanoes that cannot be seen all the time Is its magma chamber. It is beneath the earth’s bedrock and is very hot. Conduit is the one that runs from the magma chamber to the crater, which can be seen at the top of the volcano, The crater is where the magma exits. Volcanoes are very scenic yet very dangerous. Cause and Effect presents the relationship between specific events, ideas, or concepts. Cause and effect is one way of organizing information in a text. It explains reasons why something happened, It can be ordered as cause to effect or vice versa. It is generally used in expository and persuasive writing modes. It can be cause to effect wherein it explains why something happened and the effect oft. ttcan be also effeet to cause wherein it explains the resull of things that happened and its reasons. This structure is commonly used, most of the time writers do not notice that they se this kind of text structure. Example: Many people think that they can acquire lines by going into cold weather Improperty dressed. However, linesses aré not caused by temperature. They are caused by germs. So, trembling outside in the cold probably won't strengthen your immune system, but You are more likely to acquire iliness outdoors because you will greatly be exposed to germs. In the previous example, the paragraph explains how germs cause illnesses. The germs are the cause in the paragraph and the iliness is the effect. Here is another example of a paragraph that is written using the cause and effect text structure: Another Example: Students are prohibited to chew gum In my class. While other students think that | am Just being mean, | have a lot of good reasons for this rule. First, there are some Imesponsible students who can make messes with their gums, Students may leave them on {he bottoms of desks, drop them on the floor, or put them on other people's property. Another reason why | don’t allow students to chew gum is because it can be a source of distraction while listening, reading, writing and learning. When they are allowed to chew ‘gum, students are more worried about having it, popping It, chewing it, and snapping it. This |s why I don't allow students to chew gum in my class, Identifying a text written using the cause and effect pattem of organization can be tricky. Though stories are arranged chronologically, Cause and Effect pattem is only 6Spatial organization is when information In a passage is organized In order of space or location. Spatial organization can also be called as descriptive writing. If you are about to describe how something looks, you are describing it spatially. It can also be used in fiction and non-fiction, Even if narration style of writing Is usually arranged chronologically, if the author is describing a setting of a certain scene, the author Is describing it spatially. Example: Volcanoes can be a source of fear and destruction. Even though volcanoes are like pressure valve in the inner earth, they are very beautful sights. One of the parts of the volcanoes that cannot be seen all the time Is Its magma chamber. tt is beneath the earth's bedrock and is very hot. Conduit is the one that runs from the magma chamber to the crater, which can be seen at the top of the volcano, The crater is where the magma exits. Volcanoes are very scenic yet very dangerous. Cause and Effect presents the relationship between specific events, ideas, or concepts. Cause and effect Is one way of organizing information in a text. it explains reasons why something happened. It can be ordered as cause to effect or vice versa, It Is generally used in expository and persuasive writing modes, It can be cause to effect wherein it expiains why something happened and the effect of it. It can be also effect to cause wherein it explains the result of things that happened and lis reasons. This structure is commonly used, most of the time writers do not notice that they use this kind of text structure. Example: Many people think that they can acquire illness by going into cold weather improperly dressed. However, ilinesses are not caused by temperature. They are caused by germs. So, trembling outside in the cold probably won't strengthen your immune system, but YOU are more likely to acquire illness outdoors because you will greally be exposed to germs, In the previous example, the paragraph explains how germs cause ilinesses. The germs are the cause in the paragraph and the iliness is the effect. Here is another example of a paragraph that is written using the cause and effect text structure: ‘Another Example: Students are prohibited to chew gum In my class. While other students think that 1 ‘am just being mean, | have a lot of good reasons for this rule. First, there are some Imesponsible students who can make messes with their gums, Students may leave them on the bottoms of desks, drop them on the floor, or put them on other people's property. ‘Another reason why | don't allow students to chew gum Is because it can be a source of distraction while listening, reading, writing and learning, When they are allowed to chew gum, students are more worried about having it, popping lt, chewing it, and snapping it. This Is why I don’t allow students to chew gum in my class. Identitying a text written using the cause and effect patter of organization can be tricky. Though stories are arranged chronologically, Cause and Effect pattem is only 6organized by the time an event happened that has causal relationship. Contrarily, cause and effect passages usually focus on explaining the reason why something occurs or occurred. ‘These are the signal words that may indicate that information in a paragraph is organized as cause and effect: because, as a result, resulted, caused, affected, since, due to, effect. Comparison and Contrast gives the similarities and differences between two or more people, events, concepts, Ideas, and the lke. Comparison and Contrast is a text structure or pattern of organization that discusses. similarities and differences. You should bear in mind that this kind of structure should discuss both comparing (similarities) and contrasting (differences). If you will only discuss ‘comparing and not contrasting, it cannot be called as comparing and contrasting but ‘comparing alone and vice versa. This pattern is generally easy to recognize. Writer who is comparing and contrasting will bounce back and forth between two subjects. Here are some signal words that may Indicate that the text Is written using the compare and contrast organizational pattem: Ike, unlike, both, neither, similar, and different. Example: Mangoes and durlans are both fruits. They both have seeds inside of them. Each has a skin, but durian skins are thick and difficult to peel. Mango skins are thinner and peel easily. Durians have distinct stench while mangoes have sweet smell, but both fruits are delicious. Chronological Order Chronological order explains a text by the time an event occurs. Chrono means time and logic means order. The events occur along a timeline even if the author uses flashbacks, or flash forwards. All stories are organized chronologically, therefore, every story has a beginning, middle, and end. Nor-fiction stories onganized chronologically usually contain dates while fiction passages or narratives usually have no dates. A narrative or story isa journey through time, and all of the events are arranged in order of time. Stories require the passage of time. Sometimes, time will stop in a narrative. Certain passages in a story may focus on describing scenery or spaces, and use a descriptive or spatial method of organization. The confilct of a story may be discussed in terms of problem and solution or cause and effect, but the text in a story Is stil! mainly organized chronologically. Example: This moming was pretty crazy. | woke up really late because of wrong setting of my alarm. It was set PM instead of AM. I Just wore any clothes and ran out the door. | rode my bike as fast as | could with the thought that | was going to be late for sure, but when I got there everyone was outside and there were fire trucks all lined up in front of school. | guess somebody pulled the fire alarm before class started. It worked out though, because nobody really noticed or minded that | was tardy. Problem-Solution mentions a problem or problems, identifies some possible solutions and discusses the effect of the solution. 7Problem — Solution is a pattem of organization that expiains a problem or issue and an attempted solution in the issue. This type of text is usually interchanged with cause and effect type of structure but the only thing that they should remember 's that cause and effect text structure do not offer a solution. This mentions a problem and then offers a solution plus the possible effect of a solution. Example: Bullying has been prevalent these days. These encounters make It hard for children to develop confidence and high self-esteem. Fortunately, bullying has been noticed and Is being addressed by many sectors of the community. However, these efforts are not enough. The most effective way to stop bullying is by nurturing and inculcating good manners and right conduct within families. Independent Activity 4 Directions: Read the following statements. Write T if the statement is. True and F if it is False. Write your answer on the space before each number. __1. Text structure is how information within a written text is organized. 2. Comparing Is all about differences. 3. Contrasting is all about similarities, 4 Spatial is also called description. = 5.cause and effect explains reasons why something happened 6. Chronolagical comes from the words “chrono” and “logic” 7. Comparison and contrast is only about giving simiarities. 8. Chronological order is the arrangement of events beginning with a flashback. “6. Description creates a picture in the mind of the readers. “10. Chronological order can only be used In fiction. Independent Assessment 1 Directions: Identify what is being described in the following statements. Write your answer ‘on the space before each iter. 4. This type of text examines the similarities and differences between two or more people, concepts, Ideas, ett. 2. This type of structure sets up a problem or problems explains solutions and then discusses the effects of the solution. This type of text structure features a detailed description of something to give a reader a mental picture. Itis the basic patter of a story. ‘Two words when combined means order of time. This word means order. ‘This word means time, A text structure that explains reasons why something happened, I @xooE9. _Itis organized by the time an event occurred. 10. Itrefers how information was organized in a passage Independent Activity 2 Fill in the blanks. Directions: Fill in the blanks inside the matrix with the correct information. Remember the terms discussed in this modul in order to answer this activity. Text Structure Definition Signal words Itgives a reader a No signal words, just feature that creates a the concrete on histher mind about a topic. description about the topic. It presents the because, as a result, 2. Cause and Effect between specific events, resulted, caused, or affected, since, due to, effect. 3. Comparison and It gives the and} Like, unlike, both, Contrast between neither, or more people, events, concepts, | similar, and different. ideas, and the like. Chrono means and] Words that indicate 4, logic means_. order like first, second, third, next, after, end ete. Itmentions a problem or No specific signal , Identifies some words. possible and discusses the effect of the solution.Independent Assessment 2 Directions: Read and analyze the paragraph in each number. Fill out the given graphic organizers with the correct information based on the given paragraph. 1. Comparison and Gontrast Whales and sharks are animals that both live in water. They both have fins: and can swim underwater. However, whales have hairs and needs to come on the surface of the water to breathe air while sharks have scales on their skin. Aside from that, whales give birth to their young ones. Sharks on the other hand lay eggs. They also have specialized gills that enable them to breathe underwater. Differences 1 2. Chronologleal Order Khaiden was born in Bulacan until he was five years old. Next, he moved to Makati City. He stayed there until he graduated Senior High School. Then he went away to Manila to get his college diploma. He stayed there for six years until he finished his course in engineering and passed his licensure examination. After getting his license he went back to Bulacan and started his career as an engineer. —o“ 103. Gause and Effect Students are not allowed to have their cellular phones during classroom discussion unless needed because it causes distraction and disable students to concentrate in class. Furthermore, some students use phones to bully other students by taking unnecessary pictures and videos. os 4. Problem - Solution ‘There Is an increasing nitrogen monoxide emission in the environment. This contributes to global warming that leads to climate change that has a drastic effect in our life. To prevent this, we are encouraged to use renewable source of energy such as windmill and solar energy. In addition, communities were urged to recycle their waste material Solution Problem: Increasing Nitrogen Monoxide Independent Activity 3 Directions: Answer the questions after each passage. Write your answer on space provided for. 1. Sinigang na Hipon is a type of Filipino sour soup where shrimp is the main ingredient. It also includes radish, okra and eggplant. It is best served during cold season with a cup of rice. Here is the procedure on how te cook sfnigang na hipon. in a pot, boll 2-3cups of water, then add radish, tomato, okra, eggplant, and onion. Continue to cook for 6-8 minutes. After that, add the fresh shrimp. Make sure it is cleaned first before cooking. Let it boll until the shrimp and vegetables are cooked. Lastly, acid seasoning. Serve while itis hot.a, What is the text structure used in the passage? b. What is the main idea of the passage? a. Is there any signal words that you have observed that lead you to your answer in. letter a? if there Is any, cite them. 2. Owls one of the beautiful creatures that can be found here in the Philippines. Ow! has a forward facing eye and ear-holes, a hawklike beak, a flat face, and usually a conspicuous circle of feathers, a facial disc around each eye. Owls are far-sighted. They are unable to clearly see anything near them. They can also rotate their heads and necks as much as 270". a. Whatis the text structure used in the passage? b. Whatis the main idea of the passage? . Is there any signal words that you have observed that lead you to your answer in. letter a? if there Is any, cite them.Independent Assessment 3 Directions: Among the types of text structure that you have learned, choose one structure and write an academic text about modular leaming that you are experiencing today. Write your answer on the space below. Read the rubrics presented on the next page before you answer this activity 13Mechanics | Contains no | Contains. Scoring Rubrics: rs [4 3 | Focus Exceliently | Strongly Glearly states | Personal | Personal statesa | statesa_—_—| a personal | opinion —_| opinion about personal | personal —_| opinion about | about the | the topic is opinion —_| opinion the topic. | topic Is not _| not easily about the | about the clearly understood. topic topic. stated. ‘Organization’ Sentences | Sentences | Sentences [Sentences | Minimal or no and and and | ana evidence of paragraphs | paragraphs | paragraph | paragraph | sentence and are are almost | structureis | structure is | paragraph complete, | complete, well written | well written and varied. | and varied. generally | not structure correct. consistent. Contains | Contains —_| Contains several errors | many errors | many errors thatdo not | that meddle | that make the meddle with | with, piece hard to meaning. __| meaning. _| understand. spelling or | few, spelling grammatical | or errors. grammatical errors. your answer on the space provided. 1. What is the simplest definition of text structure? 2. What are the different types of text structure? Identity them using the given meaning. a - Itgives a reader a detailed feature that creates a picture on his/her mind about a topic. b. - It presents the relationship between specific events, ideas, or concepts. © - It gives the similarities and differences between two or more people, events, concepts, ideas, and the like. d - It explains a text by the time an event occurs. e = It mentions a problem or problems, identifies some possible solutions and discusses the effect of the solution. 143. What Is the meaning of each type of text structure? a. Chronological Order . Problem — Solution ©. Cause and Effect d. Comparison and Contrast @. Spatial or Description Directions: Write a five-sentence academic text about COVID-19. You may use any text structure to discuss your thoughts about the topic. Read and follow the given rubrics below before writing your topic. 157 ‘Sequence of information Is logical and easy to follow. ‘Sequence of information is, logical, well ordered and makes sense ‘Sequence of Information is difficult to follow ‘Sequence of Information doesn't makes sense information is somewhat disorganized Work has no | Work has 1- | Work has 3- | Work has 4 | Work has 5 or Grammar | grammatical |2 grammatical | grammatical | more error. grammatical | errors. errors. grammatical errors. errors. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the space before each number. 1. This type of text structure features a detalled description of someone or something to give the reader a mental picture. @. cause and effect b. spatialidescription ._ problem = solution 2. The following are signal words for comparing EXCEPT: a. both b. but similarly 3, The following are signal words for contrasting EXCEPT; a. similarly b. but c. unlike 4, The following are signal words for chronological order EXCEPT: a. first, second, third. b. begin, next, last... c. like, unlike, both. 5. This structure presents the causal relationship between a specific event, idea, or concept a. cause and effect . spatialidescription ©. problem — solution 1610, " 12, 13 14, This type of text examines the similarities and differences between two or more people, concepts, ideas, etc. a. cause and effect b. spatial/description ‘©. comparison and contrast This type of text structure Is highly dependent on time of occurrence. .@. cause and effect b. spatial/description ‘6, chronological order ‘This type of structure sets up a problem or problems, explains solutions and then discussed the effects of the solution. a. cause and effect b. spatialidescription ‘¢, problem — solution {tis organized by the time an event occurred, a, chronological order b. spatialidescription ‘¢. problem — solution Itis how information is organized in a passage. a. descriptive structure b. academic structure c. text structure What kind of description should be used in describing specific events, persons or places in spatialidescription text structure? a. vague b. vivid cc. non realistic ‘This word means “order”. a. chrono b. logic ©. chronology ‘This word means “time”. a. chrono b. logic . chronology The following words. can be used as signal word in cause and effect text structure EXCEPT: a. due to b. because ©, meanwhile 715, Its the basic pattem of a story. a. end-middle-beginning b. beginning-middle-end , middle-beginning-end 2 Adgittonal pestette, Directions: Search for two sample paragraphs for the text structure of your choice. Identify the main idea and underline signal words that you have found in each paragraph. Write your answers on the space provided for. Kindly follow the given rubrics below before doing your activity. 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E Reading Worksheet, Accessed July 28, 2020. https:/www ereadingworksheets.comext-structure/patterns-of- ‘organization/chronological-order/) “Compare and Contrast Text Structure.” Reading Worksheet, Accessed July 28, 2020. https:/iwww_ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of- organization compare-andcontrast Owl Facts and Information." Owl Worlds, Accessed July 28,2020. hittps:/www.owlwortds.com/. recipe! “Problem-Solution Text Structure.” E Reading Worksheet, Accessed July 28, 2020. https:/www_ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/pattems-of- ‘organization/problem-solution)). “Sinigang na Hipon Recipe.” Panlasang Pinoy, Accessed July 29,2020. https:/panlasangpinoy.com/flipino-sour-shrimp-soup-sinigang-na-hipon- “Text Structure.” Accessed July 28, 2020. https:/Awww.ereadingworksheets.comrtext- structure! “Text Structure Strategies.” Adolescent Literacy, Accessed July 28, 2020. httpsfwww_adlit.org/strategies/23336/ 23