Solution M1 part1

x5
1. Evaluate lim
x 5 2 x  1

x  5 (5)  5 0
Solution lim
x 5 2 x  1
  0
2(5)  1 11

2y  7
2. Evaluate lim
y 2 y2

2 y  7 2(2)  7 11
Solution lim  
 2 
2
y 2 y2 4

x2  x  6
3. Evaluate lim
x 2 x2

 x  2; x  2
Solution Since x2 
( x  2); x  2

x2  x  6 x2  x  6 ( x  3)( x  2)
Consider lim  lim  lim  lim x  3  5
x2 x2 x2 x2 x 2 x2 x2

x2  x  6 x2  x  6 ( x  3)( x  2)
and lim  lim  lim  lim  ( x  3)  5
x2 x2 x  2  ( x  2) x 2 ( x  2) x2

x2  x  6 x2  x  6
Thus, lim  lim
x 2 x2 x2 x2

x2  x  6
Therefore, lim doesn’t exist.
x 2 x2
 3x 2  13x  4
4. Evaluate lim
x4 2 x 2  5 x  12
.
Solution
Consider

lim
3 x 2  13 x  4
 lim
 3 x  1 x  4 
x 4 2 x 2  5 x  12 x 4  2 x  3  x  4 

3x  1
 lim
x 4 2 x  3

3  4   1

2  4   3
11

11
 1

x3  2 x 2  x  2
5. Evaluate lim
x2 x2  4

( )( )( )
Solution lim = lim ( )( )
→ →

= 3
𝑥3 + 2𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 2 = (𝑥 + 2𝑥2) + (−𝑥 − 2)
= 𝑥 (x + 2) + −1(𝑥 + 2)
( )( ) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2)
lim ( ) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)
→
( )( )
=
( )
( )( )
= =−
( )
 x2
6. Find the value of lim
x 2
x22
x2 x2 x22
Solution lim  lim 
x2
x  2  2 x2 x2 2 x22
 x  2  x22 
 lim
 
x 2 2
x2  22

 x  2  x22 
 lim
x 2 x24

 lim

 x  2 x  2  2 
x 2 x2
 lim
x 2
 x22 
 22 2
 42
22
x2
Therefore, lim 4
x 2
x2 2
 5  25  cos 
7. Evaluate lim

 cos 
2

√
Solution Consider lim =
→

√ √ √
So, lim = lim
→ → √

( ) √
= lim
→ √

( )
= lim
→ √

= lim
→ √

= lim
→ √

2x  3 ; x  2
8. Let f  x    , find the value of lim f  x  .
x  3 ; x  2
2 x 2

Solution Let us consider the limit when x approaches 2 from the left-hand side, we have
lim f  x   lim  2 x  3  2 lim x  lim 3  7 .
   
x2 x2 x2 x2

Similarly, let us consider the limit when x approaches 2 from the right-hand side, we
have
lim f  x   lim  x 2  3  lim x 2  lim 3  7 .
x  2 x  2 x  2 x  2

Since lim f  x   lim f  x   7 , therefore we obtain lim f  x   7 .

x  2 x 2 x2
 1
sin 
9. Find lim x 2
e  x by Squeeze Theorem
x0

Solution Consider the possible values of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ,

−1 ≤ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ≤1,
Taking e in equations

𝑒 ≤𝑒 ≤𝑒
multiply 𝑥 ,

𝑥 𝑒 ≤ 𝑥 𝑒 ≤ 𝑥 𝑒
Taking lim
→

lim 𝑥 𝑒 ≤ lim 𝑥 𝑒 ≤ lim 𝑥 𝑒

→ → →
Since
lim 𝑥 𝑒 = lim 𝑥 𝑒 = 0
→ →
By Squeeze Theorem, we get

lim 𝑥 𝑒 =0
→
 5x2  sin(3x)
10. Find lim using the Squeeze theorem.
x   x2  10

Solution

Since −1 ≤ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑥) ≤ 1 (1)

By multiplying −1 to inequality (1), we get

1 ≥ −𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑥) ≥ −1

−1 ≤ −𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑥) ≤ 1. (2)

By Adding 5x to inequality (2), we get

5𝑥 − 1 ≤ 5𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑥) ≤ 5𝑥 + 1.
(3)
Then by dividing x + 10 to inequality (3), we get

( ) .
≤ ≤ (4)
And by taking lim to the inequality (4);
→
( )
lim ≤ lim ≤ lim .
→ → →

Here, we will consider

lim = lim = lim = lim = 5

→ → ( ) → →

and

lim = lim = lim = lim = 5.

→ → ( ) → →
Since

lim = lim = 5.
→ →

Therefore, by the Squeeze theorem, we

obtain
5𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑥)
lim = 5.
→ 𝑥 + 10
 3x3  5 x 2  7
11. Evaluate lim
x  4 x 3  5 x  4

Solution Let us consider the limit, we have

 5 7 5 7
x3  3   3  3  3
3x  5x  7
3 2
 x x  x x
lim  lim  lim
x   4 x 3  5 x  4 x 
3 5 4  x  5 4
x 4  2  3  4 2  3
 x x  x x
5 7
lim 3  lim  lim 3
x   x  x x   x 300 3
  
5 4 400 4
lim 4  lim 2  lim 3
x  x  x x  x

3x 3  5 x 2  7 3
Therefore, lim
x  4 x 3  5 x  4
 , which is a convergence limit.
4

x 4  5 x3  5 x
12. Evaluate lim
x   4 x 3  8 x 2  10

Solution

√ ( )
วิธีทำ lim = lim
→ →

( )
= lim
→

( )
= lim
→

( )
= lim
→

= lim ; (since 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0 where n is positive integer)

→ →

= 0
13. Given f  x   3x2  2 x  1 , determine the continuity of f  x  at the point x2.

Solution From the continuity of the function, the function is continuity at the point
x  2 where
1. f  2  exit.
2. lim f  x   lim f  x   lim f  x 
x  2 x  2 x 2

3. f  2   lim f  x 
x 2

Consider condition 1. we will get,

f  2   3  2   2  2   1  9 There is an exit.
2

Consider condition 2. we will get,

lim f  x   lim  3x 2  2 x  1
x  2 x 2

 3 2  2  2  1
2

9

lim f  x   lim 3 x 2  2 x  1
x2 x 2

 3 2  2  2  1
2

9
Since lim f  x   lim f  x   9
x2 x 2

Therefore, lim f  x   9
x2

Consider condition 3. we can see that f  2   lim f  x   9

x 2

Therefore, f  x   3x 2  2 x  1 is continuity at the point x  2

 x2  9
14. Given f ( x)  , consider whether f ( x) is continuous at x  1 and x  3 or not.
x 3

Solution

From 𝑓(𝑥) = .

First, we consider 𝑓(𝑥) at x = 1.

We get 𝑓(1) = =4

and lim = = 4.
→

So, 𝑓(1) = lim 𝑓(𝑥).

→

Thus, 𝑓(𝑥) = is continuous at x = 1.

Next, we consider 𝑓(𝑥) at x = 3.

We found that 𝑓(3) is undefined.

Thus, 𝑓(𝑥) = is discontinuous at x = 3.

 5
15. Let f  x   2
, locate where f  x  is discontinuous.
x  2x  8
Solution
5
Since f x   2
is rational function.
x  2x  8
So, f  x  is continuous everywhere except the points that make x 2  2 x  8  0.
Consider
x2  2 x  8  0
 x  4 x  2  0
x   4, 2
Therefore, f  x  is discontinuous at x   4 และ x  2.

x9
16. Let f  x   Consider where the function f  x  is not continuity?
x 42

Solution From the continuity of the function, the function is continuity at the point x  a
where
1. f  a  exit.
2. lim f  x   lim f  x   lim f  x 
x a xa xa

3. f  a   lim f  x 
xa

Consider the point make the function is not continuity. We can see that there must point
x  a that make f  x  does not exit.
x9
Consider f  x   We can see that the denominator is not equal to 0 and
x 4
2

the value of x into x is greater than or equal to 0 , where n is even integer that makes
n

f  x  exit. We can see that f  x  is not continuity where the denominator is equal to 0 and
the value of x into n x is less than 0 , where n is even integer. We will get,
x2  4  0
 x  2  x  2   0
 x   2, 2
Therefore, the interval that make f  x  is not continuity at the interval x   2, 2
17. Let f be a function defined by
 ax 2  4 x  5 , x  1,
f ( x)  
3x , x  1.

Find a that make this function continuous at x  1 .

Solution Due to f ( x) is a continuous function at x  1 when

1. lim f ( x) is
x 1
defined,  xlim
1
f ( x)  lim 
x 1
f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x 1

2. f (1) is defined,
3. lim f ( x)  f ( 1)
x 1

Consider lim f ( x)
x 1
is defined, so

lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x 1 x 1

lim  3x  lim ax 2  4 x  5
x 1 x 1

3(1)  a(1) 2  4(1)  5

3  a9

a  12
  x2  1
 , x 1
 x 1
18. Find the value of a and b that make f  x    is continuity at the
 x  a , x  1
bx  2 , x  1
point x  1
Solution Since f  x  is continuity at the point x  1, we will get,
1. f 1 exit.
2. lim f  x   lim f  x   lim f  x 
x 1 x 1 x 1

3. f 1  lim f  x 
x 1

Consider condition 2. we will get,

lim f  x   lim f  x 
x 1 x 1

x2  1
lim  bx  2   lim
x 1 x 1 x  1

 x  1 x  1
b  2  lim
x 1 x 1
b  2  lim  x  1
x 1

b22
b4
Consider condition 3. we will get,
f 1  lim f  x 
x 1

x2  1
Since lim f  x   lim f  x   lim f  x  that make lim f  x   lim 2
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x  1

1 a  2
a 1
Therefore, the value of a and b that make the function f  x  is continuity at the
point x  1, there are a  1 and b  4 .
19. Given that f ( x)  x 3  2 x 2  x  5 . Find f ( x) .

d 3
Solution f ( x) 
dx
 x  2 x2  x  5
dx 3 d 2 x 2 dx d 5
   
dx dx dx dx

 3x2  4 x  1  0

Therefore, f ( x)  3x 2  4 x  1

20. Let f  x    x 2  5 x   3x  2  . Find f   x 

Solution From f  x    x 2  5 x   3x  2 
find f   x  we will get,
f   x    x 2  5 x   3   3x  2  2 x  5
 3x 2  15 x  6 x 2  4 x  15 x  10
 f   x   9 x 2  26 x  10
21. Given that f ( x)  sin  4 x3  2 x  . Find f ( x) .

Solution f ( x) 
d
dx

sin  4 x3  2 x  
d
 cos(4 x3  2 x)
dx
 4 x3  2 x 

 d 4 x3 d 2 x 
 cos(4 x 3  2 x)   
 dx dx 

 cos(4 x 3  2 x) 12 x 2  2 

Therefore, f ( x)  cos(4 x 3  2 x) 12 x 2  2 

22. Let f  x   cos2 x , find f ' x  .

x
Solution Let us consider the first-order derivative of the function f , we have
d d
d  cos x 
x2  cos x    cos x   x 2   x 2 sin x  2 x cos x
f  x   2   dx dx 
dx  x   
x 2 2 x4
x sin x  2cos x

x3
x sin x  2cos x
Therefore, f  x   .
x3
 1  7u dy 1
23. Let y , u  1  x2 and x  2  t , find at t
1  u2 dt 2
Solution By Chain Rule, we have
dy dy du dx

dt du dx dt
d  1  7u  d
  2 
du  1  u  dx
1  x2 
d
dt
 2t 
 d d 2 
 1  u  du 1  7u   1  7u  du 1  u  
2
 1 
  2x  
 1  u 
2 2
 2 2  t 
 
 1  u 2   7   1  7u  2u  
   2 2  t   1 
   2 2  t 
 1  u 
2 2

 
7 1  u 2   2u 1  7u 

1  u  2 2

7  2u  7u 2
 ,
1  u 
2 2
,
1  7u 1
where y , u  1  x 2 , and x  2  t . At the point t , we can see
1  u2 2
that
2
1 3  3 5
x  2  and u 1 
 2 
 .
2 2   2

dy 7  2u  7u 2 508
Therefore,  
1  u 2 
2
dt t  1 5
841
2 u
2
 dy  1 
24. Find where y  tan 1  2 
dx  1  2x 

d 1 du
Solution The formular of tan 1 u 
dx 1  u 2 dx

1
Let u  (1  2 x 2 )1
1  2x2

 1  dy d
then y  tan 1  2 
 tan 1 u   tan 1 u
 1  2 x  dx dx

1 du

1  u 2 dx

1 d
 (1  2 x 2 )1
2
 1  dx
1 
1  2 x 
2

1  2 2 d 2 
  1(1  2 x ) dx (1  2 x ) 
1  
1
(1  2 x 2 ) 2

(1  2 x 2 ) 2
  1(1  2 x 2 )2 (4 x) 
(1  2 x 2 )2  1 

(1  2 x 2 )2  4 x 

(1  2 x 2 ) 2  1  (1  2 x 2 ) 2 

1  4x 

(1  2 x )  1  1 
2 2

4x

4 x  4 x2  2
4

2x

2 x4  2 x2  1
 dy
25. Find from x 2  ye8 x  y 3  5 .
dx
d
Solution Let us consider x 2  ye8 x  y 3  5 by taking on both sides of the
dx
equation, we have
d 2 d
dx
 x  ye8 x  y 3    5
dx
d 2 d d d
dx
 x    ye8 x    y 3    5
dx dx dx
 d dy  dy
2 x   y  e 8 x   e8 x   3 y 2 0
 dx dx  dx
dy dy
2 x  8 ye8 x  e8 x  3y2 0
dx dx

 3 y 2  e8 x  dy
dx
 8 ye8 x  2 x

dy 8 ye8 x  2 x

dx 3 y 2  e8 x
dy 8 ye8 x  2 x
Therefore,  .
dx 3 y 2  e8 x

26. Find f  5  x  where f  x   x .

Solution
1

From f x   x  x .
2

d   1 1

1
So, f  x    x     x 
2 2

dx   2

d 1
 
1 d 
 
1 1 3

1
f   x    x    x      x 
2 2 2

dx  2  2 dx   4
 
d  1
 
1 d 
 
3 3 5

3
f   x      x     x     x 
2 2 2

dx  4  4 dx   8
 
d 3
 
3 d 
 
5 5 7

4 15
f x    x    x      x 
2 2 2

dx  8  8 dx   16
 
d  15
 
15 d 
 
7 7 9

5 105
f x     x x  x
2 2 2
     
dx  16  16 dx   32
 
Therefore,
9

 5 105 105
x    x
2
f  .
32 32x4 x
 5
27. Find the relative maximum, relative minimum of f  x   x x
5
5
Solution Find the relative maximum, relative minimum f  x   x x we will get,
5
f  x   x4  1
5
Find the critical point of function f  x   x x we will get,
5
f  x   x4  1  0

x4  1  0
 x2  1 x2  1  0
 x  1 x  1  x 2  1  0
x  1, 1
Consider the critical point at x  1 that make the relative maximum or the relative
minimum.
Find the value of f   x  at the interval x  1 . Substitute the value of x  2 we
will get,
f   2    2   1
2

f   2   3  0
Find the value of f   x  at the interval 1  x  1 . Substitute the value of x  0 we
will get,
f   0   0  1
2

f   0   1  0
Since the value of f   x  at the interval x  1 greater than 0 and the value of
f   x  at the interval 1  x  1 less than 0
Therefore, the critical point at x  1 that make the value of function is the relative
maximum.
Consider the critical point at x  1 that make the relative maximum or the relative
minimum.
Find the value of f   x  at the interval 1  x  1 . Substitute the value of x  0 we
will get,
f   0   0  1
2

f   0   1  0
Find the value of f   x  at the interval x  1 . Substitute the value of x  2 we will
get,
 f  2   2  1
2

f  2  3  0
Since the value of f   x  at the interval 1  x  1 less than 0 and the value of
f   x  at the interval x  1 greater than 0
Therefore, the critical point at x  1 that make the value of function is the relative
minimum.
5
Substitute the value of x  1 into f  x   x  x , we will get,
5
 1
5

f  1    1
5
4
f  1 
5
5
Substitute the value of x 1 into f  x   x  x , we will get,
5
1
5

f 1   1
5
4
f  1  
5
4
Therefore, the relative maximum and the relative minimum of the function are
5
4
and  respectively.
5
28. Find the value of c such that f ( x)  x 3
 9 x, x   3,3 satisfies Rolle’s Theorem
Solution Since, f is a polynomial function. Thus, f is a continuous function and
differentiable.
f ( x)  3 x 2  9 is a polynomial function and differentiable on x   3,3

f (3)  33  9  3  0

f ( 3)   3  9  3  0

3

f (3)  f ( 3)

From Roll's Theorem c   3,3 with f (c)  0

Thus, f (C )  3c 2  9

3c 2  9  0

c 3 consistent with Roll's theorem.

29. Let f ( x)  x  4 , find the value of c where x  c on [4,8] satisfies
f (b)  f (a)
f '(c)  .
ba

Solution From f is a polynomial function. Thus, f is a continuous function and

differentiable on  3,3
Since the Mean Value Theorem, let a  4, b  8

1 1
d 1  1
Then f (a  4)  4  4  0 , f (b  8)  8  4  2 and f '( x )  ( x  4) 2  ( x  4) 2 
dx 2 2 x4

f (b)  f (a ) f (8)  f (4)

Consider f '(c )   f '(c) 
ba 84

1 20 1
 
2 c4 4 2

1
1
c4

1 c  4

12  ( c  4) 2

1 c  4

5c
30. Find the interval of x in which f ( x)  4 x3  5 x 2  2 x  5 are increasing and the interval of
x in which the function f ( x) is decreasing.
Solution
To find increasing and decreasing intervals, we need to find where our first derivative is
greater than or less than zero.
Find all critical points by consider f ( x)  12 x 2  10 x  2  0

(6 x  1)(2 x  2)  0

1
And then x  1, .
6

Plot all critical points on line number then, test all intervals in the domain of the function
to the left and to the right of these values to determine if the derivative is positive or
negative. If f′(x) > 0, then f is increasing on the interval, and if f′(x) < 0, then f is decreasing on
the interval.

hence, f is increasing on  , 1 U  1 ,   and decreasing on  1

 1, 6  .
6
   
31. Given f  x   2 x3  4 x2  2 x  1 , find the intervals of x where f ( x) is concave up
and the intervals of x where f ( x) is concave down. Also, find an inflection point, relatively
minimum value, and relatively maximum value.
Solution Let us consider the first-order and second-order derivative of f with respect
to x , we observe that
The first order derivative: f   x   6 x 2  8x  2
The second order derivative: f   x   12 x  8
Graph of the function f will be concave up if f   x   0 . This means
2 2 
12 x  8  0 . So, x . That is  ,  .
3 3 
On the other hand, Graph of the function f will be concave up if f   x   0 .
This means
2  2
12 x  8  0 . So, x . That is  ,  .
3  3
Herein, x cause f to have an inflection point if f   x   0 . That is
2
12 x  8  0 . Hence, x .
3
3 2
2 2  2 2
Since f    2   4   2   1 
31
, so  2 , 31  is an inflection
3 3  3 3 27  3 27 
point of the function f . Next, we consider the critical points of the function
f by setting f   x   0 . We can see that
6 x 2  8 x  2  0,
3 x 2  4 x  1  0,
 3x  1 x  1  0.
1 1
Thus, we have x or x 1 . Since f     0 and f  1  0 , we can
3 3
conclude that
 1  35
f  is a relatively maximum value, and
 3  27
f 1  1 is a relatively minimum value.
32. Analyze and sketch graph of 𝑦 =

Solution

Domain and range: 𝐷𝑓 = ℝ − {−3,3}

𝑅𝑓 = {𝑦|𝑦 ≤ − 𝑈 𝑦 > 0}
x-intercept (y = 0): none

y-intercept (x = 0): 𝑦 = −

Symmetry: symmetric about the y-axis or x = 0

Asymptote:
Vertical asymptote, we consider

lim =∞ and lim = −∞

→ ( ) → ( )

So, x = -3, 3 are vertical asymptote.

Horizontal asymptote, we consider
8
lim =0
→ (𝑥 − 9)
So, y = 0 is horizontal asymptote.
Oblique asymptote, we consider
( )
y = ax+b, 𝑎 = lim = lim = 0
→ → ( )

So, oblique asymptote is none.

Next, we consider
8 16𝑥
𝑓′(𝑥) = − . 2𝑥 = −
(𝑥 − 9) (𝑥 − 9)
 𝑑(𝑥 − 9)
𝑓 (𝑥) = 32(𝑥 − 9)
𝑑𝑥
= 32(𝑥 − 9) (2𝑥)
64𝑥
=
(𝑥 − 9)
Find critical point;

𝑓′(𝑥) = 0

− =0
( )

So, the critical point is x = 0.

Thus, the relative maximum point is (0, − )

And the inflection point is x = 0.

Analyze the graph:

Therefore,

f(x) is increasing on (−∞, −3)𝑈(−3,0),

f(x) is decreasing on (0,3)𝑈(3, ∞).

Also, f(x) is concave up on (−∞, −3)𝑈(3, ∞),

f(x) is concave down on (−3,3).