Design of counterfort retaining wall(Block including 3 counterforts considered)

1) Properties
W = 6.50 m
L = 9.00 m
Zy = 87.75 m3
Zx = 63.38 m3
C/C distance of counterforts W1 = 3.00 m
Bottom thickness of retaining wall tb = 1.00 m
Top thickness of retaining wall tt = 0.50 m
Thickness of counterforts tc = 0.25 m
Toe Length(X dimension) b1 = 5.00 m
Heel Length incl. ret. Wall(X dimension) b2 = 4.00 m
Depth of footing v1 = 2.00 m
Height of retaining wall above footing v2 = 21.00 m
Height of Soil for front wall v3 = 15.00 m
Height of Water for front wall v4 = 11.00 m
Unit Wt. of concrete γconc = 25.00 kN/m3
Unit Wt. of Water γw = 10.00 kN/m3
Saturated Unit Wt. of Soil γs = 22.00 kN/m3
Lateral seimic coefficient αh = 0.00
Vertical seimic coefficient αv = 0.00
Internal angle of friction of filling soil Φ = 30.00 degrees
Internal angle of friction of base soil Φ' = 35.00 degrees
Coeffient of friction between soil and concrete,μ = 0.70
FOS against overturning(Without earthquake case) = 1.50
FOS against overturning(With earthquake case) = 1.40
FOS against sliding(Without earthquake case) = 1.40
FOS against sliding(With earthquake case) = 1.20
Bearing Capacity of soil = 500.00 kN/m2

Geometric CG of Foundation plan

X = 4.50 m
Y = 3.25 m

2)Seimic Earth pressure Coefficient (Static & Dynamic)

(Ref. Clause 8.1 of IS:1893-1984)

αh = Horizontal Seimic Coefficient.

αv = Vertical seismic coefficient equal to αh/2
Φ = Angle of internal friction of soil
λ = tan-1[(αh)/(1±αv)]
α = Angle which earth face of the wall makes with the vertical
ζ = Slope of earth fill
δ = Angle of friction between the wall and earthfill
(wall friction angle,should be taken 2/3 of of Φ IRC-78pp79)
F = factor which is a function of geometry
b = Thickness of wall
 = (1 ± αv) * cos2 (Φ - λ - α) X
Ca cos λ * cos2α * cos(δ + α + λ) 1 +

Putting αh = 0, αv = 0 and λ =0

= (1 ) * cos2 (Φ -α) X
Ca' 1 * cos2α * cos(δ + α) 1 +

b = 1.00 (Ref. Table 3 of IS:1893-1984)

I = 1.00
F0 = 0.40 (Ref. Table 2 of IS:1893-1984)
αh = 0.00 ( Ref. clause 5.4.3 of earthquake report)
Φ = 30.00 degrees
αv = 2αh/3 = 0.00
0.00 or 0.00 degrees

α = 2.73 degrees
δ = 20.00 degrees
ζ = 0.00 degrees

Calculation of Active Coefficients

TOTAL
(1 + αv) * cos (Φ - λ - α)
2
= 0.79
(1 ± αv) * cos (Φ - λ - α)
2

(1 - αv) * cos2 (Φ - λ - α) = 0.79

cos λ * cos2α * cos(δ + α + λ) = 0.92

sin (Ф + δ) sin (Φ - ζ - λ) = 0.38

cos (α - ζ) cos (δ + α + λ) = 0.92

Total Ca = 0.32
Castatic = 0.32

Coefficient for dynamic earth pressure increment,Ca dynamic = Ca - Ca' = 0.00

3) Water pressure(Static & Dynamic)

(Ref. Clause 7.2 of IS:1893-1984 for Hydrodynamic pressure)
αh = 0.00 ( Ref. clause 5.4.3 of earthquake report)

The Hydrodynamic Pressure

The Coefficient varies with shape and depth

Cm Coefficient Calculated from Fig:10

of IS:1893-1984
y Depth of water from surface

w= 10.00 KN/m3
h= 11.00 m
Cm = 0.75 for vertical face of wall
αh = 0.00
αv = 0.00

Element Depth from

Cs p(KN/m2)
Height surface, y
11.00 11.00 0.75 0.00

4) Loads

1) Weight Calculations

Lateral Seismic Vertical Seismic

Component Weight(kN) Weight(kN) Weight(kN)
Block 1 1625.00 0.00 0.00
Block 2 1706.25 0.00 0.00
Block 3 1706.25 0.00 0.00
Block 4 1300.00 0.00 0.00
Block 5 164.06 0.00 0.00
Block 6 164.06 0.00 0.00
Block 7 164.06 0.00 0.00

Total 6829.69 0.00 0.00

 X(CG)
Wt. of soil above heel = 6641.25 kN 1.25
Wt. of water above toe = 3575.00 kN 6.50

2) Earth Pressure on front Wall(X direction)

Z(CG)
Static force = 4515.95 kN 9.00
Dynamic force = 0.00 kN 12.50
Max. passive resistance from soil = 44847.42 kN 9.00

3) Water Pressure on front Wall(-X direction)

Z(CG)
Static force = 3932.50 kN 5.67
Dynamic force = 0.00 kN 6.40

5) Check for stability

1) CG calculations for different Blocks

Block X(m) Y(m) Z(m)

1.00 6.50 3.25 1.00
2.00 3.75 3.25 12.50
3.00 3.00 3.25 9.00
4.00 2.00 3.25 1.00
5.00 2.00 6.38 7.00
6.00 2.00 3.25 7.00
7.00 2.00 0.13 7.00

2) Soil Only Without Earthquake case

Overturning moment
Component Force Lever arm Moment
(kN) (m) (kNm)
static earth
force 4515.95 9.00 40643.51

Total 4515.95 40643.51

Resisting Moment
Component Force Lever arm Moment
(kN) (m) (kNm)

Block 1 1625.00 2.50 4062.50

Block 2 1706.25 5.25 8957.81

 Block 3 1706.25 6.00 10237.50

Block 4 1300.00 7.00 9100.00

Block 5 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Block 6 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Block 7 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Wt. of soil
above heel 6641.25 7.75 51469.69

Total 13470.94 87272.81

Resisting force for slidding = 9432.45 kN

Net Moment = 46629.30 kNm

Factor of safety against overturning = 2.15 ok

Factor of safety against Slidding = 2.09 ok cohesion not considered

3) Soil Only With Earthquake case(Vertical upward seimic inertia force consiered)

Overturning moment
Component Force Lever arm Moment
(kN) (m) (kNm)
static earth
force 4515.95 9.00 40643.51
Dynamic
earth force 0.00 12.50 0.00

Block 1 0.00 1.00 0.00

Block 2 0.00 12.50 0.00

Block 3 0.00 9.00 0.00

Block 4 0.00 1.00 0.00

Block 5 0.00 7.00 0.00

Block 6 0.00 7.00 0.00

Block 7 0.00 7.00 0.00

Total 4515.95 40643.51

 Resisting Moment( Deducting upward seismic inertia force)
Component Force Lever arm Moment
(kN) (m) (kNm)

Block 1 1625.00 2.50 4062.50

Block 2 1706.25 5.25 8957.81

Block 3 1706.25 6.00 10237.50

Block 4 1300.00 7.00 9100.00

Block 5 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Block 6 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Block 7 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Wt. of soil
above heel 6641.25 7.75 51469.69

Total 13470.94 87272.81

Resisting force for slidding = 9432.45 kN

Net Moment = 46629.30 kNm

Factor of safety against overturning = 2.15 ok

Factor of safety against Slidding = 2.09 ok cohesion not considered

4) Water Only Without Earthquake case

Overturning moment
Component Force Lever arm Moment
(kN) (m) (kNm)
static water
force 3932.50 5.67 22284.17

Total 3932.50 22284.17

Resisting Moment
Component Force Lever arm Moment
(kN) (m) (kNm)

Block 1 1625.00 6.50 10562.50

Block 2 1706.25 3.75 6398.44

 Block 3 1706.25 3.00 5118.75

Block 4 1300.00 2.00 2600.00

Block 5 164.06 2.00 328.13

Block 6 164.06 2.00 328.13

Block 7 164.06 2.00 328.13

Wt. of water
above toe 3575.00 6.50 23237.50

Total 10404.69 48901.56

Resisting force for slidding = 7285.44 kN

Net Moment = 26617.40 kNm

Factor of safety against overturning = 2.19 ok

Factor of safety against Slidding = 1.85 ok cohesion not considered

5) Water Only With Earthquake case(Vertical upward seimic inertia force consiered)

Overturning moment
Component Force Lever arm Moment
(kN) (m) (kNm)
static water
force 3932.50 5.67 22284.17
Dynamic
water force 0.00 6.40 0.00

Block 1 0.00 1.00 0.00

Block 2 0.00 12.50 0.00

Block 3 0.00 9.00 0.00

Block 4 0.00 1.00 0.00

Block 5 0.00 7.00 0.00

Block 6 0.00 7.00 0.00

Block 7 0.00 7.00 0.00

 Total 3932.50 22284.17

Resisting Moment( Deducting upward seismic inertia force)

Component Force Lever arm Moment
(kN) (m) (kNm)

Block 1 1625.00 6.50 10562.50

Block 2 1706.25 3.75 6398.44

Block 3 1706.25 3.00 5118.75

Block 4 1300.00 2.00 2600.00

Block 5 164.06 2.00 328.13

Block 6 164.06 2.00 328.13

Block 7 164.06 2.00 328.13

Wt. of water
above toe 3575.00 6.50 23237.50

Total 10404.69 48901.56

Resisting force for slidding = 7285.44 kN

Net Moment = 26617.40 kNm

Factor of safety against overturning = 2.19 ok

Factor of safety against Slidding = 1.85 ok cohesion not considered

6) Soil + Water Without Earthquake case

* -ve force indicates water pressure is more than soil pressure

Overturning moment
Component Force Lever arm Moment
(kN) (m) (kNm)
static earth
force 4515.95 9.00 40643.51
static water
force -3932.50 5.67 -22284.17

Total 583.45 18359.34

Resisting Moment
Component Force Lever arm Moment
 (kN) (m) (kNm)

Block 1 1625.00 2.50 4062.50

Block 2 1706.25 5.25 8957.81

Block 3 1706.25 6.00 10237.50

Block 4 1300.00 7.00 9100.00

Block 5 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Block 6 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Block 7 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Wt. of soil
above heel 6641.25 7.75 51469.69

Wt. of water
above toe 3575.00 2.50 8937.50

Total 17045.94 96210.31

Resisting force for slidding = 11935.69 kN

Net Moment = 77850.97 kNm

Factor of safety against overturning = 5.24 ok

Factor of safety against Slidding = 20.46 ok cohesion not considered

7) Soil + Water With Earthquake case(Vertical upward seimic inertia force consiered)
* -ve force indicates water pressure is more than soil pressure

Overturning moment
Component Force Lever arm Moment
(kN) (m) (kNm)
static earth
force 4515.95 9.00 40643.51
static water
force -3932.50 5.67 -22284.17
Dynamic
earth force 0.00 12.50 0.00
Dynamic
water force 0.00 6.40 0.00 -1.00

Block 1 0.00 1.00 0.00

Block 2 0.00 12.50 0.00

 Block 3 0.00 9.00 0.00

Block 4 0.00 1.00 0.00

Block 5 0.00 7.00 0.00

Block 6 0.00 7.00 0.00

Block 7 0.00 7.00 0.00

Total 583.45 18359.34

Resisting Moment( Deducting upward seismic inertia force)

Component Force Lever arm Moment
(kN) (m) (kNm)

Block 1 1625.00 2.50 4062.50

Block 2 1706.25 5.25 8957.81

Block 3 1706.25 6.00 10237.50

Block 4 1300.00 7.00 9100.00

Block 5 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Block 6 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Block 7 164.06 7.00 1148.44

Wt. of soil
above heel 6641.25 7.75 51469.69
Wt. of water
above toe 3575.00 2.50 8937.50

Total 17045.94 96210.31

Resisting force for slidding = 11935.69 kN

Net Moment = 77850.97 kNm

Factor of safety against overturning = 5.24 ok

Factor of safety against Slidding = 20.46 ok cohesion not considered
 @dropdown

761.66 2.15 ok Overturning Soil Only Without Earthquake case

-301.12 2.09 ok Slidding
761.66 2.15 ok Overturning Soil Only With Earthquake case(Vertical u
-301.12 2.09 ok Slidding
481.19 2.19 ok Overturning Water Only Without Earthquake case
-125.47 1.85 ok Slidding
481.19 2.19 ok Overturning Water Only With Earthquake case(Vertica
-125.47 1.85 ok Slidding
1178.57 5.24 ok Overturning Soil + Water Without Earthquake case
-595.81 20.46 ok Slidding
1178.57 5.24 ok Overturning Soil + Water With Earthquake case(Vertic
-595.81 20.46 ok Slidding
 2.00
1.00
sin (Ф + δ) sin (Φ - ζ - λ 1/2
cos (α - ζ) cos (δ + α + λ)

2.00
1.00
sin (Ф + δ) sin (Φ - ζ - λ 1/2
cos (α - ζ) cos (δ + α )

STATIC
0.79

0.79

0.92

0.38

0.92
Calculated from Fig:10

ater from surface

m
m

m
m
m

m
m
cohesion not considered
cohesion not considered
cohesion not considered
cohesion not considered
cohesion not considered

-3932.50
cohesion not considered
 @dropdown

Without Earthquake case

With Earthquake case(Vertical upward seimic inertia force consiered)

ly Without Earthquake case

ly With Earthquake case(Vertical upward seimic inertia force consiered)

er Without Earthquake case

er With Earthquake case(Vertical upward seimic inertia force consiered)

6) Base Pressure Calculations

1) Soil Only Without Earthquake case

Total Vertical Load,P = 13470.94 kN

Area of foundation,A = 58.5 m2
P/A,Pv = 230.2724 kN/m2
Net Moment, My = 46629.30 kNm
My/Zy,Pm = 531.3881 kN/m2
Pv + Pm = 761.6605 kN/m2
Pv-Pm = -301.1157 kN/m2

2) Soil Only With Earthquake case(Vertical upward seimic inertia force consiered)

Total Vertical Load,P = 13470.94 kN

Area of foundation,A = 58.5 m2
P/A,Pv = 230.2724 kN/m2
Net Moment, My = 46629.30 kNm
My/Zy,Pm = 531.3881 kN/m2
Pv + Pm = 761.6605 kN/m2
Pv-Pm = -301.1157 kN/m2

3) Water Only Without Earthquake case

Total Vertical Load,P = 10404.69 kN

Area of foundation,A = 58.5 m2
P/A,Pv = 177.8579 kN/m2
Net Moment, My = 26617.40 kNm
My/Zy,Pm = 303.3321 kN/m2
Pv + Pm = 481.1901 kN/m2
Pv-Pm = -125.4742 kN/m2
4) Water Only With Earthquake case(Vertical upward seimic inertia force consiered)

Total Vertical Load,P = 10404.69 kN

Area of foundation,A = 58.5 m2
P/A,Pv = 177.8579 kN/m2
Net Moment, My = 26617.40 kNm
My/Zy,Pm = 303.3321 kN/m2
Pv + Pm = 481.1901 kN/m2
Pv-Pm = -125.4742 kN/m2

5) Soil + Water Without Earthquake case

Total Vertical Load,P = 17045.94 kN

Area of foundation,A = 58.5 m2
P/A,Pv = 291.3835 kN/m2
Net Moment, My = 77850.97 kNm
My/Zy,Pm = 887.1906 kN/m2
Pv + Pm = 1178.574 kN/m2
Pv-Pm = -595.807 kN/m2

6) Soil + Water With Earthquake case(Vertical upward seimic inertia force consiered)

Total Vertical Load,P = 17045.94 kN

Area of foundation,A = 58.5 m2
P/A,Pv = 291.3835 kN/m2
Net Moment, My = 77850.97 kNm
My/Zy,Pm = 887.1906 kN/m2
Pv + Pm = 1178.574 kN/m2
Pv-Pm = -595.807 kN/m2
A) Stability

S.No. Case FOS against overturning Permissible FOS FOS against Slidding
1 Soil Only Without Earthquake case 2.15 1.50 2.09

Soil Only With Earthquake

case(Vertical upward seimic inertia
2 force consiered) 2.15 1.40 2.09

3 Water Only Without

case(Vertical Earthquake
upward case
seimic inertia 2.19 1.50 1.85
4 force consiered) 2.19 1.40 1.85
5 Soil + Water Without
case(Vertical upwardEarthquake case
seimic inertia 5.24 1.50 20.46
6 force consiered) 5.24 1.40 20.46
B) Base Presure
S.No. Case Pressure At Corner A Pressure At Corner B Pressure At Corner C
1 Soil Only Without
case(Vertical Earthquake
upward case
seimic inertia 761.6605248 761.6605248 -301.115653
2 force consiered) 761.6605248 761.6605248 -301.115653
3 Water Only Without
case(Vertical upwardEarthquake case
seimic inertia -125.4742403 -125.4742403 481.1900522
4 force consiered) -125.4742403 -125.4742403 481.1900522
5 Soil + Water Without
case(Vertical upwardEarthquake case
seimic inertia 1178.574105 1178.574105 -595.8070111
6 force consiered) 1178.574105 1178.574105 -595.8070111
 Permissible FOS
1.40

1.20

1.40
1.20
1.40
1.20

Pressure At Corner D
-301.115653
-301.115653
481.1900522
481.1900522
-595.8070111
-595.8070111