- 221 -

Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)

 - 222 -
10.1 Network Address Translation(NAT)

uReaf wmfw?Ydk oifwwYkd awG½H;k wGi;f ?tdrw f iG ;f uNetwork (Internal Network) eJInternet
Y
wenf;(External Network) eJcsY w d qf ufwt hJ cgrmS 'DNAT ukdoHk;MurSInternet Connection &rSm
jzpfygw,f/oifaocsmpOf;pm;Munhyf g/uReaf wmfwaYdk wG&UJ Network xJrSmay;xm;wJhIP Address
Range awGeInternet
YJ ay:rSmoHk;aewJIP h Address Range awGeJYwlMu&JUvm;/
uRefawmfwdkYoHk;aewJIP h awGuPrivate Address Range awGxu J ,lo;kH aewmjzpfjy;D
Internet ay:rSmawmhPublic Address Range awGudkoHk;wJhtwGuf'DvkdrwlnDwJhNetwork ESpc fk
udkb,fvkdConnection &atmifcsw d q f ufMurvJ/twGi;f ydik ;f Network uaexGufvmwJhAd-
dress ukdtjyifbufExternal &JUPublic Network Address tjzpfjyefajymif;ay;zdvd Yk vk mwmayg/h
r[kwfbl;vm;/'DvAddress
dk ajymif;ay;zkdYtwGufNAT ukdoHk;MuwmygyJ/
'gaMumifv h nf;oluY Network
kd Address Translation vdkYemrnfay;Muwmaygh/wpf
enf;tm;jzifajh ym&&ifNAT qdw k mPrivate Network to Public Network ?Public Network to
Private Network tjzpfajymif;ay;Edi kw f thJ &mvdajYk ymvd&Yk ygw,f/

10.2 Cisco NAT \ oabmw&m;rsm;

uRefawmfwdkYurÇmay:rSmInternet eJcsY w d q f ufxm;csiw

f uG
hJ eyf sLwmawG'keaYJ ';ygy/J 'gukd
uRefawmfwdkYuuGefysLwmwpfvHk;udkPublicAddress wpfcEk eI ;f eJcsY ay;vdu k rf ,fq&kd ifbmjzpfomG ;rvJ/
odyfawmifrMumvdkufygbl;/Public IP awGukefoGm;awmhrSmaygh/
'gaMumifPublic
h IP wpfcw
k nf;yJcsay;Ny;D Internal Network xJuuGefysLwmawGtrsm;BuD;
uaeInternet Connection udrQk a0oH;k pGv J &Ydk atmifNAT udxG k icf yhJ gw,f/'gaMumifCisco
h
Terms awGxr J mS qk&d ifCIDR(Classless Inter Domain Routing) eJNAT Y [moabmw&m;csi;f
oGm;wlygw,f/Classless ukxG d icf w
hJ mvnf;IP uAddress udacR k wmzkjYd zpfjy;D NAT ukxG d icf hJ
wmuvnf;Public IP Address awGuacR kd wmzkyYd gy/J
aemufydkif;rSmawmhNAT [mNetwork awGudkMigrate vkyrf ,f?Network awGudkaygif;pyf
r,f?Server Loading Sharing vkyrf ,f?Virtual Server awGvkyrf ,fqw dk ahJ e&mrSmvnf;ta&;ygvm
ygw,f/txl;ojzifoif h &h UJ Network twGufISP udajk ymif;csiw f ,f/odaYk omftwGi;f ydik ;f uAd
-dressing ay;xm;wJhyHkpHawGudkrajymif;csifbl;qkdwJhtcgrSmvnf;NAT udkoHk;wmtaumif;qHk;ygyJ/
Product of YOUTH
 - 223 -
aoaocsmcsmList xkwjf y&r,fq&dk ifatmufygtajctaersK;d awGrmS NAT udkoHk;wmt
aumif;qH;k ygy/J

(1) oift
h aeeJInternet
Y udv
k nf;csw
d cf siwf ,f/'gayr,foif h Network &JUhost wpfcck si;f pD
twGufvnf;Public IP wpfcck si;f pDcsray;Edik b
f ;l qd&k ifNAT udkoHk;wmtaumif;qHk;ygyJ/

(2) ISPtopfwpfcuk oif

kd ajymif;csiw f ,f/tJ'ISP
D udajk ymif;&ifvnf;Internal Network
xJuip awGuykd gvku
d af jymif;ypfzvd
Ydk w
k ,fqw
kd t
hJ cgrmS rajymif;&atmifoH;k wwfygw,f/

(3) Address ay;yHak y;enf;csi;f qifwIntranet

hJ (2)ckuayg
kd i;f pyfxm;wJt
h cgrmS oH;k ygw,f/
okaYd omfvnf;NATudkoHk;&wmrSmaumif;wmcsnf;yJr[kwfovdkraumif;wmav;awGvnf;
&Syd gw,f/

10.3 NAT \ aumif;usKd ; ESihf qk;d usK;d rsm;

aumif;usKd ; qd;k usK;d

-Private Network awGuouf

kd omapygw,f/ -Translate vkyf&wJhtwGufSwitch Path
Delay awGjzpfay:apygw,f/
-Address awGxyfwvJvJay;rd&ifvnf;bmrS-IP awGoGm;wJhvrf;aMumif;udkTrace
rjzpfygb;l / vdu
k zf Ydk cufco
J mG ;rSmyg/
-Internet eJConnection
Y vkycf si&f ifvnf;vG,yf g-NAT udktoHk;jyKxm;wJhtcgwpfcsdKU
w,f/ Application awGudkoHk;vdkYr&awmhygbl;/
-Network xJrmS tajymif;tvJwpfcv k yk w
f meJY
Address awGvdkufajymif;ay;p&mrvdkygbl;/

aumif;jyD/NAT udkoHk;ygNyD/Network wpfcrk mS Router qdkwmutrsm;BuD;yJ/b,f

Router rSmNAT ukdConfigure cs&rvJ/'Dup du
ö vG,v f , G af v;yg/Internet buftxGufeJYteD;
qHk;Router ay:rSmoGm;jyD;Configure csay;&rSmygy/J uJ...'DyukH Mkd unhyf gO;D /
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
 - 224 -
yHk 10.1

NAT udkConfigure
oGm;cs&rnfRouter
h

'DyrkH mS qk&d ifRouter A ?Router B ?Router C qkdjyD;Router (3)vH;k &Syd gw,f/uJb,f

Router rSmNAT Configuration vkyr f vJpOf;pm;Munhyf gO;D /
Router A rSmyg/oifp hw
d x
f uJ tajzvnf;'Dtwdik ;f yJjzpfvrd rhf ,fvuR
Ykd eaf wmfarQmv
f ifyh g
w,f/aocsmrSwrf ad tmifuReaf wmfxyfajymygrh ,f/ NAT ukConfigure d cswt hJ cgInternet eJt
Y
eD;pyfq;kH Router ay:rSmConfigure csay;&rSmjzpfygw,f/'gaMumif'Dh yrkH mS Router A udka&G;wmyg/

Product of YOUTH
 - 225 -
10.4 NAT \ toH;k tEIe;f rsm;

NAT [mPrivate Address uaePublic Address ?Public Address uaePrivate Add

-ress uktj d yeftvSeul
f ;ajymif;ay;Edik w f ,fvuR Ykd eaf wmfajymcJjh y;D ygjy/D uReaf wmfwu
Ykd omPublic
Address ?Private Address eJtJ Y 'v D rSkd wx
f m;Muwmyg/NAT uawmhtJ'Dvdkr[kwfygbl;/Add
-ress awGtwGuol f t
Y ac:ta0:eo YJ rSl wyf gw,f/ Translate rvkyf&ao;bJRouter xJ0ifvmwJh
Address awGudkawmhLocal Address awGvac: Ykd ygw,f/tJ'Local
D Address awGudkTranslate
vkyfjyD;jyDqkd&ifawmhGlobal Address jzpfomG ;ygjy/D aocsmjyefcMJG unhrf ,fq&kd if(4)rsKd ;xGuv f mygr,f/

(1) Inside Local : Internal Network xJrSm&SdwJhTranslate rvkyf&ao;wJSource

h
Address wpfcyk g/

(2) Outside Local : Translation rvky&f ao;cifDestination Host &JUtrnfyg/

(3) Inside Global : Translation vkyfjyD;wJhaemuf&&SdvmwJhInternal Host &JUtrnfudk

qdv
k ykd gw,f/

(4) Outside Global : Translation vkyfjyD;wJhaemuf&&SdvmwJhNetwork tjyifbufu

Destination Host &JUemrnfyg/
yHk 10.2

NAT \vkyaf qmifytqif

kH q
h ifh

Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)

 - 226 -
10.5 NAT b,fvkd tvkyv
f yk o
f vJ

yHk 10.3

NAT \vkyaf qmifytqif

kH q
h ifh

'DyHkrSmawmhRouter uNAT Configure csxm;wJRouter h jzpfygw,f/olrY mS qdNetwork

k
(2)ckcsw
d xf m;w,f/Inside 1 Network eJInside Y 2 Network wky
Yd g/tckInside 1 Network xJu
Host wpfcjk zpfw192.168.10.3
hJ uaejyD;Outbound Packet wpfckuRouter
dk qDay;ydaYk eygw,f/
tJ'Packet
D udkRouter u&wJt h cgInside Local Address tjzpfTranslate vkyfjyD;awmhTable
av;eJod Y r;f ygw,f/jy;D awmhrOutside
S Network jzpfwInternet
hJ qDuTranslate
kd vkyfvkdY&wJh
Source Address topftaeeJay;yd Y yYk gw,f/
Host A uaeReturn jyefvmwJPacket h awGudkusawmhRouter MuD;uyJInside Global
Address uaeInside Local Address tjzpfjyefajymif;jy;D 192.168.10.3 &SdwClient Jh qDudkjyefydkY
ay;ygw,f/t"dutcsufuawmhNAT Router MuD;[molTranslate vkyforQAddress awG
tm;vHk;udTable
k av;eJod
Y r;f xm;ygw,f/'guawmhNAT Router wpfv;kH &JUtajccHtvkyv f yk yf kH
Product of YOUTH
 - 227 -
tqifq
h ihyf g/aemufyikd ;f us&ifawmhNAT trsdK;tpm;tvkduftvkyfvkyfyHkuGJjym;oGm;ygw,f/

10.6 NAT trsKd ;tpm;rsm;

NAT rSmvnf;olUtrsKd ;tpm;ESio

hf jl yefcx
JG m;ygw,f/(3)rsKd ;yg/'DChapter aemufydkif;rSm
uReaf wmf 'D(3)rsKd ;udk t"duxm;Ny;D ½Si;f oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/

(1) Static NAT

(2) Dynamic NAT
(3) Port Address Translation (PAT) or (NAT Overloading)

(1) Static NAT

olu
Y t
kd vG,rf w
S rf ,fq&kd ifOne-to-One Mapping vdrYk w S v
f &yg
Ykd w,f/'Daumifuh oH
kd ;k csi&f if
awmhoifh&JUNetwork xJrSm½SdwHost Jh wpfcck si;f pDrmS wu,fInternet
h IP Address wpfcp kD
½Szd v
Ykd ykd gw,f/ajym&&ifHost wpfcck si;f pDtwGuPublic
f IP wpfcpk ½SD x
d m;&r,fo
h abmyg/

yHk 10.4

Static NAT

Static NAT &JUtvkyfvkyfyHktqifhqifhuawmha½SUuuRefawmfajymcJhwJhBasic NAT &JU

tvkyfvkyfyHktwdkif;ygyJ/tckuRefawmfStatic NAT udkRouter ay:rSmConfigure csjyygr,f/
Command awGuawmhcifAsm;twGutopf f awGqakd wmhaoaocsmcsmvdu k Mf unfah yg/h 'DCom-
mand awGrvkyfcifrSmRouter awGa&mHost awGa&mudkIP awGay;cJz hvYkd w
kd ,faemf/
Oyrm- yHk 10.5 udk Munfyh g/
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
 - 228 -
yHk 10.5

Example for Static NAT

Router(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.10.3 170.46.2.1

'DCommand xJu" ip nat inside source " qdkwmuawmhb,fIP Address udk

Translate vkyc f siwf mvJqwkd majymygw,f/aemufjy;D Static udkxnfhwmuawmhStatic NAT udk
oHk;rSmrdkYvdkYyg/192.168.10.3 eJ170.46.2.1
Y qdkwmawGuawmhb,fLocal Address udkb,f
Outside Global Address tjzpfTranslate vkya f y;&rvJowfrw S jf cif;ygy/J
jyD;&ifawmhOutside Interface vm;?Inside Interface vm;owfrSwfzdkYtwGufoufqdkif&m
Interface xJu0if kd ygr,f/

Router(config)#interface e0
Router(config)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config)#ip nat inside

[mtwGif;bufuInterface jzpfwJhtwGu"f ip
E0 nat inside " qdkNyD;Inside
Interface tjzpfaMujimvdu
k w
f myg/

Router(config)#interface s0
Router(config)#ip address 172.46.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config)#ip nat outside

s0 uawmhOutside Interface jzpfv"Ykd ip nat outside " ESiaMhf ujimygw,f/uJ..

'gq&kd ifStatic NAT &oGm;ygNy/D

Product of YOUTH
 - 229 -
(2) Dynamic NAT

'DaumifhudkawmhOne-to-Many vdrSYk wEf ikd yf gw,f/ol&Y UJ tpGr;f owåu d Unregistered IP

Address (Private Address) wpfckuRegistered dk IP Address (Public Address) trsm;BuD;tjzpf
Translate vkya f y;Edik yf gw,f/t&ifStatic rSmwkef;uqdHost k wpfct
k wGuq f &kd ifPublic IP wpfck
owfrSwfay;&ayr,fhtckDynamic rSmusawmhHost wpfct k wGuq f &kd ifPublic IP trsm;BuD;
owfrSwfay;ygw,f/tJ'Dtrsm;BuD;xJurStqifajywJPublic h IP wpfckudka½G;NyD;Internet udkt
0iftxGujf yKygw,f/qdv k w kd muStatic wkef;uvdPublic
k IP wpfcktaoowfrSwfay;p&mrvdkawmhyJ
oltqifajywJLine
h eJcsY ay;vdu
k w
f myg/

yHk 10.6

Dynamic NAT

Dynamic&JUtvkyfvkyfyHkuBasic NAT tvkyfvkyfyHkeJYtwlwlygyJ/Command awGt

wGufudkawmh 'DOyrmudk MunhfMu&atmif/

yHk 10.7

Example for Dynamic NAT

Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
 - 230 -
t&ifq;kH public IP range zGUJ pnf;ygr,f/

Router(config)#ip nat pool lesson 172.42.2.2 170.46.2.254 netmask

255.255.255.0

" ip nat pool " qdkwmuPublic IP range awGudkpkpnf;ay;xm;wJhCommand yg/"

lesson " qdkwmuawmhtJ'Public D ip range twGuemrnff ay;vduk wf mjzpfygw,f/oiftqif
kd ;Edik yf gw,f/" 172.46.2.2 " eJ"Y 170.46.12.254 " wdkYusawmhStart Public IP eJY
ajywJeh mrnfua½G
End Public IP wdkYygyJ/Public ip twGufSubnet Mask xnfhzdkYudkawmh" netmask " qdkwJh
Command eJxnfY yh gw,f/Ny;D &ifawmhAccess List awGaqmufNyD;oifAccess ay;csiw f Net-
hJ
work udktzGifhtydwfvkyfay;&ygr,f/ACL eJYNAT &JUqufEG,frIu'DrSmxif½Sm;vmygNyACL D udk
Create vkyfwJhenf;awGudkawmhChapter-9 rSmajymjyNyD;om;jzpfvdkYuRefawmfxyfrajymawmhygbl;/

Router(config)#access-list 5 permit 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0

NyD;awmhrStJ'DAccess List udkNAT eJwG

Y aJ y;&rSmjzpfygw,f/

Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 5 pool lesson

'Dae&mrSm" list 5 "qdkwmuAccess List &JUName jzpfygw,f/" lesson " uawmh

Public Address Range &JUName jzpfygw,f/
NyD;wmeJYInside Interface eJOutside
Y Interface udkowfrSwfay;vdkufyg/

Router(config)#int e0
Router(config)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config)#ip nat inside

Router(config)# int s0
Router(config)#ip address 172.46.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config)#ip nat outside

'gNy;D &ifawmhDynamic &JUCommand awGvH;k 0jynfph o

kH mG ;ygNy/D
Product of YOUTH
 - 231 -
(3) NAT Overloading (Port Address Translation-PAT)
NAT Type (3)rsdK;xJrSmPAT uay:jyLvmtjzpfqHk;aumifyg/bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmholu
Many-to-One jzpfaevdy Yk gvaYkd jym&ifoifenf;enf;½Iyof mG ;rvm;rodb;l /
Dynamic NAT wkef;uInternal Network xJuHost wpfcw k nf;udPublic
k Address
trsm;Bu;D eJt Y vkyv f yk w
f ,fav/tckNAT Overloading rSmusawmhInternal Network xJuHost
awGtrsm;BuD;udkrSPublic IP Address wpfcw k nf;eJoY mtvkyv f yk yf gw,f/'gah MumifNAT
h udkoHk;&if
Public IP Address oufomwJhtwGuf'Daumifut&rf;Hot aewmyg/em;vnfatmifuRea f wmf
'DyakH v;eJY ½Si;f jyygr,f/

yHk 10.8

NAT Overloading (PAT)

aumif;NyD..Public Address u½Sw d mrSwpfcw k nf;&,ftwGi;f uHost awGutrsm;BuD;/

'gah MumifHost
h awGtrsm;BuD;uNydKifNyD;Internet udkxGufzdkYawmif;awmhr,fqdk&ifTraffic awGJam
jzpfuek rf mS ayg/h
b,fvt kd vkyv f yk Ef ikd rf mS vJvar;p&m½S
Ykd v
d mygNy/D 'gah MumifuR h eaf wmfPAT &JUtvkyfvkyfyHkudk
½Si;f jyygrh ,f/'DaumifuBasic NAT &JUtvkyfvkyfyHkeJYrwlygbl;/wrlxl;jcm;ygw,f/
t&ifwkef;uBasic NAT rSmLocal IP Address eJYGlobal IP Address awGudkyJrSwfayr,fh
PAT rSmusawmhtJ'DAddress awGtjyifHost wpfcc k si;f pD&UJ Packet awGydkYEdkifwPort
Jh Number
awGuv kd nf;wGrJ w S af y;ygw,f/'gaMumifHost h awGqDuNydKifwlPacket ydkYvnf;NAT urSwf&
wmr½Iyfygbl;/b,fHost uawmhb,fPort uvmw,fqdkNyD;rSwfxm;ay;NyD;awmhReturn jyef
Edik ygf w,f/Router Bu;D taeeJMY uawmhvnf;Traffic wpfc0if k vmwdik ;f rSm'DTraffic [mb,f
Local Address uaeb,fPort eJv Y mcJo
h vJqw kd mMunfNh y;D tzGit hf ydwvkf yEf ikd o
f mG ;ygw,f/'D
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
 - 232 -
Port awGuawmhoifodwJhtwdkif;Transport Layer rSmtvkyfvkyfwmjzpfygw,f/
'gaMumifHost
h Address udod k csi&f ift&ifwek ;f uStatic wd?Yk Dynamic wdkYrSmvdkIP
Address awGjyefMunfa h ep&mrvdyk gb;l /Transport Layer rSmwifodEikd yf gNy/D PAT &JU
'Dvpdk rG ;f &nfawGaMumifPublic
h IP Address wpfcw k nf;udHostk aygi;f 65000avmufo;kH vd&Yk wmyg/
'DrmS ..NAT Overloading &JUtvkyv f yk yf tqif
kH q
h ifu
h Mkd unfyh gO;D /

yHk 10.9

NAT Overloading (PAT) \tvkyv

f yk yf t
kH qift
h qifh

awGUMu&JUvm;/'DyHkrSm192.168.10.3 uPacket awGudkydkYwJhtwGufRouter uolY&JUNAT Table

xJrSm192.168.10.3 udkPort Number eJYwGJodrf;oGm;wmav;yg/wu,fvInside dkY 2 Network u
Packet ydrYk ,fqv kd nf;'Dvykd gy/J
tvkyfvkyfyHk½Sif;NyDqdk&ifawmhCommand awGudkoGm;Mu&atmif/NAT udCreate k vkyf
&wmuDynamic udkCreate vky&f wmeJtwl Y wyl AJ s/wpfcyk u
J mG w,f/yHu k Mkd unfyh gO;D /

Product of YOUTH
 - 233 -
yHk 10.10

Example for PAT

Internal Network wpfckvHk;udInternet

k oH;k vdrYk &atmifydwyf gr,f/Dynamic wkef;uvdkyJ
Network Address aMujimygr,f/

Router(config)#ip nat pool lessonpat 172.146.2.1 172.46.2.1 netmask

255.255.255.0

'DrSmowdxm;rdMuvm;/IP Range ayr,fhStart IP eJYEnd IP wlaewmav/[kww f ,fAs/

'g[mPAT &JUt"duaomhcsuyf gy/J Public IP wpfcw
k nf;eJtvk
Y yv f yk v
f mwmjzpfvStart
Ykd IP eJY
End IP wlaewmjzpfygw,f/
Acces List aqmufMu&atmif/

Router(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255

ydwfcsifwmuNetwork wpfcv
k ;kH jzpfwt
hJ wGufNetwork Address udxnf
k ah y;ygw,f/

Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool lessonpat overload

jrifMu&JUvm;/" o v e r l o a d " qdkwCommand

Jh wpfctyd
k yk gvmygNy/D 'g[mNAT Over-
loading ud&nf
k ñeT ;f ygw,f/
NyD;&ifawmhInside, Outside owfrSwfay;ygr,f/
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
 - 234 -
Router(config)#int e0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#ip nat inside

Router(config)#int s0
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.46.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#ip nat outside

'gNy;D &ifawmhNAT Overloading vkyfvdkYNyD;ygNyD/t&ifDynamic eJb,f Y ae&muGmvJqakd wmh

(2)ae&muGmygw,f/Start Public IP eJEnd Y Public IP wlwJhae&mrSmygyJ/" overload " qdkwJh
Command tydy k gaewmrSmvnf;uGmjcm;ygw,f/rSwx f m;aemf(2)ae&muGmygw,f/
uJ..tckq&kd ifNAT trsdK;tpm;(3)ckvHk;&Sif;vdkYNyD;ygNyD/oifvnf;tm;vHk;oabmayguf
½Si;f vif;r,fvxif Ykd ygw,f/aumif;Ny'gD quR kd eaf wmfwjYkd yKvyk cf w
hJ NAT
hJ trsdK;tpm;awGudkb,f
vdjk yefMunfrh vJ/Access List tcef;rSmwke;f uuReaf wmfwjYkd yefMunfch siw f t
hJ cgtoH;k jyK&wJCom-
h
mand awG½w dS ,fav/rSwrf ad o;&JUvm;/tck'rD mS vJ'Dvykd gy/J NAT awGujkd yefMunfch si&f ifoH;k vd&Yk wJh
Command awG½y dS gw,f/

10.7 NAT rsm;udk jyefMunfjh cif;

(1) Router#show ip nat translation

Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global
icmp 64.1.1.5:271 10.1.9.2:271 64.1.1.10:271 64.1.1.10:271
tcp 64.1.1.5:11000 10.1.9.2:11000 64.1.1.10:23 64.1.1.10:23
Router#
'DCommand eJq
Y &kd ifHost bufuaeDestination bufa&mufatmifoGm;wJhvrf;aMumif;
wpfavQmufTranslate vkyforQudkjrifawGUEdkifrSmyg/

(2) Router#debug ip nat

'DCommand usawmhNAT eJYywfoufwmudktao;pdwfjyay;vdrfhr,fAs/Host
qDu0ifvmwJTraffic
h awG?Translate vkyfwmawG?Destination Address udkajymif;oGm;wmawG.
. tm;vHk;udk oifjrifawGU&rSmyg/

Product of YOUTH
 - 235 -
(3) Router#sh ip nat statistics
NAT eJYywfoufvError
dkY wpfcck ak y:wt
hJ cgus&ifTroubleshoot jyefvyk zf t
Ykd wGu'Df Comm
-and utoH;k 0ifygw,f/oifCreate vkycf w
hJ hJNAT taMumif;udktao;pdwfjyefawGU&rSmyg/

(4) Router#sh ip nat translation max-entries

uReaf wmf½iS ;f jycJzh ;l ygw,f/NAT Router uolvkyforQAddress Translation awGukd
NAT Table xJrmS oGm;xnfNh y;D odr;f xm;wwfw,fvaj Ykd ymcJzh ;l ygw,f/'gq&kd ifTable xJrSmEntry
b,fEpS cf k odr;f vd&Yk ovJ/ 'DyrmPudk owfrw S af y;vdu k &f ifawmh owfrw S x f m;wJh yrmPtwdik ;f
NAT Table xJrSmodrf;ygw,f/odkYaomf'DvdkyrmPowfrSwfay;vdkufwmaMumifNAT h Error awG
wufwwfygw,f/'gah Mumifoif h &h UJ NAT rSmError wpfcck wuf k aeNyq D &kd ifjyefvnfppfaq;oifw h hJ
txJrmS tckajymcJw h Maximum
hJ Entries (tjrifqh ;Hk odr;f xm;Edik w f yrmP)
hJ vnf;ygygw,f/'DMax
Entiries udkMunfhzdkYtoHk;jyK&wJhCommand av;jzpfygw,f/

(5) Router(config)#clear ip nat translations

'DCommand eJqd Y &k ifawmhNAT Table xJuEntry awGuzskd uyf pfv&Ykd Edifk rf mS yg/odaYk omf
'DCommand utjynfhtpHkawmhr[kwfbl;As/Command aemufrSmLocal Address eJGlobal Y
Address awGudkxnfhNyD;oifBudKufwJhEntry udoif k wpfcck si;f pDvu
dk zf suEf ikd yf gw,f/odaYk omfAdd
-rss awGua kd wmhoifox d m;zdv Yk w
kd ,fAs/aemufNy;D 'DCommand aemufrSm" * " xnf&h ifawmh
Table xJu½So d rQEntry awGtm;vH;k zsuyf pfay;ygw,f/oifoifah wmfr,fxifovdtoH k ;k jyK&rSmyg/

10.8 NAT ESiyhf wfoufNyD; Router ay:rmS Error wwfwt

hJ cg

NAT [mtoH;k jyK&wmxda&mufw,f?odyaf umif;w,fq f w

kd mawmhrSeyf gw,f/odaYk omf
oluvnf;tNrJwrf;jyóemuif;aewJhaumifawmhr[kwfygbl;/NAT jyóemjzpfvmwJt h cg
oifb,fvvkd yk rf vJ/'Dupd t
ö wGurcuf
f &atmifNAT udKG i½f mS wJt h cgoifwh aYkd wGppfaq;Munf½h &I r,fh
tqifhawGudk uRefawmfajymjyay;oGm;ygr,f/
NAT Bu;D uGKd iw f ufaeygNy/D t&ifq;Hk 'Dtqifah wGuoif
kd ppfaq;Munfyh g/

Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)

 - 236 -
(1) Dynamic NAT Scope (Dynamic Pool) awGxr
J mS oifxnfch w
hJ Address
hJ Scope awG
rSerf rS eS &f UJ vm; ppfaq;Munfyh g/

(2) oifaqmufxm;wJDynamic
h Pool awGxyfrsm;xyfaeovm;MunfMh unfyh g/

(3) Static Mapping rSmoifxnfx h m;wJAddress

h awGeDynamic
YJ Pool xJrmS xnfx
h m;wJh
Address awGxyfrsm;xyfaeovm;½Smyg/

(4) aemufNyD;awmhoifCreate vkycf w

hJ Access
hJ List awGxJuAddress awGrSef&JUvm;vnf;
ppfMunfyh gO;D /

(5) ygoifhygxkdufwAddress
Jh awGxnfhxm;NyD;?rygoifhrygxdkufwAddress
Jh awGrxnfrY ad tmif
*½kpu
kd af y;yg/

(6) Inside InterfaceeJOutside

Y Interface awGrSmoifhawmfwJhAccess Permission awGyJ
zGiahf y;xm;yg/

odaYk omfwpfco k wdxm;&rSmuError wufvmw,fqdkwdkif;oifuConfiguration xyf

xnfv h u dk v f ?Ykd jyifvukd v
f YError
kd wufwmyJvdkYawmhrSwfxm;vdkYr&ygbl;/wpfcgwavus&ifRout-
ing ydi k ;f ujyóemwpfcck ak MumifNAT h vkyw f t hJ csed rf mS Error wufvmwmrsKd ;vnf;jzpfEikd yf gw,f/
'gaMumifConfiguration
h wpfcx
k yfxnfw h ikd ;f rSm'DConfiguration xJu Address topfuNAT dk
uTranslate vkyfNyD;wdkif;Router BuD;udkbmqufvkyf&rvJqdkwmygñTefMum;ay;zdkYvdkygw,f/
NAT Error qdkwJhae&mrSmNAT Table xJrSmMaximum Entries Number awGowfrSwf
xm;vdjYk zpfvmwJError h awGvnf;ygygw,f/'DError taMumif;wpfpGef;wpfpudkta½SUrSmwkef;u
" sh ip nat translation max-entries " qdkwCommand Jh taMumif;ajym&if;eJYuRefawmf
ajymcJzh ;l ygw,f/Table xJuEntry Error jzpf&iftJ'Command D eJMY unfNh y;D jyefppfMunhyf g/
'gth jyifNAT &JUtao;pdwu f jkd yefMunfzh Ykd" sh ip nat statistics " qdkwJh
Command udkoHk;NyD;Error ppfaq;Edik y f gw,f/
aumif;ygNyD/apmapmuuRefawmfrSmcJhwJhtwdkif;NAT Table xJuoif kd 0ifppfMunfv h u kd w f m
Product of YOUTH
 - 237 -
Entry wpfcrk mS trSm;awGUw,fqdyk gawmh/'DEntry udkb,fvdkzsufMurvJ/Entry wpfcrk mS Expire
jzpfwt hJ csed q
f wkd m½Sw d ,fqakd yr,ftJ h 'Entry
D ol[
Y molatmfwkdExpire jzpfwt hJ csed x f xk d id af pmifh
aervm;../rvdb k ;l As/'DEntry wpfcu k oif
kd rBuKd u&f ifoifu,kd w
f ikd csf ucf si;f Manually
zsuv f &Ykd ygw,f/'gjzifb,f h Command oH;k rvJ/oifoNd y;D om;yg/enf;enf;jyefpOf;pm;Munfyh gO;D /
uReaf wmfajymcJzh ;l ygw,f/" clear ip nat translation " qdkwCommand Jh
av;udkoHk;NyD;Entry wpfcx k aJ ½G;í(od)Yk Entry trsm;Bu;D a½G;ízsuyf pfEikd yf gw,f/wpfco k wdxm;
&rSmuawmhPool Address &,fNAT Table &,fetH YJ uu
kd jf zpfaewJEntry
h awGq&kd ifCisco IOS
Software uvHk;0zsufcGifhray;bl;qdkwJhtcsufygyJ/aemufNyD;awmhtJ'"D c l e a r i p n a t
translation " qdkwCommand Jh uDynamic wpfckwnf;twGufyJoufa&mufwmaemf/
Static awGtwGufqdk'DCommand oH;k ½He k YJEntry awGysufroGm;ygbl;/
'gavmufq&kd ifNAT Command awGeJYywfoufNyD;uRefawmfajymp&mukefoGm;ygNyD/aemuf
qH;k taeeJuR Y eaf wmfrmS csiw f muawmha½SUChapter awGxJrSmuRefawmfajymjycJhwFirewall Jh awG?
Perimeter Network awG?Access List awGeNAT YJ [mjyefNy;D pyfqufaew,fqw kd taM
hJ umif;ygy/J
'gwpfcak wmh owdrarhMuyge/YJ
tckawmhxH;k pHt k wdik ;f NAT twGufLAB wpfcxnf k ah y;ygr,f/
 Lab for NAT

'DLab udkoHk;NyD;Static NAT, Dynamic NAT eJPAT Y wdkYudkCreate vkyfNyD;prf;Munfhyg/

'DrSmawmhtoHk;rsm;wJhPAT udkyJvkyfjyxm;ygw,f/usefwmudkawmhPacket Tracer udktoHk;jyKNyD;
oifu, kd w
f ikd f vuf,OfomG ;atmif prf;Munfah pcsiyf gw,f/

yHk 10.11

Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)

 - 238 -
 RouterA udkConfigure csykH

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname RouterA
RouterA(config)#enable secret cisco

RouterA(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown
RouterA(config-if)#exit

RouterA(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 203.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown
RouterA(config-if)#exit

RouterA(cofig)#ip nat pool NATPOOL 203.10.10.1 203.10.10.1

netmask 255.255.255.0
RouterA(config)#ip nat inside source list 10 pool NAT over
load
RouterA(config)#access-list 10 permit 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255

RouterA(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

RouterA(config-if)#ip net inside
RouterA(config-if)#exit

RouterA(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1

RouterA(config-if)#ip nat outside
RouterA(config-if)#exit
RouterA(config)#exit
RouterA#write mem

Ny;D &ifHost ( 2)vkH;udkowfrSwfay;xm;wJhtwdkif;IP awGay;yg/tm;vHk;NyD;&iftwGif;u

192.168.10.0 Network xJuae203.10.10.1 qDuPing dk &ifReply jyefayr,f203.10.10.1
h
uae192.168.10.1 qDuPing dk &ifawmhReply rjyefwmudkawGY&ygvdrfhr,

Product of YOUTH
 - 239 -
Case Study 1 ( Static Route and Dynamic Route rsm;yg0ifonf/)

Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)

 - 240 -
 RouterA udConfigure
k vkyyf kH

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname SRouterA
SRouterA(config)#enable secret cisco

SRouterA(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

SRouterA(config-if)#ip address 1.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
SRouterA(config-if)#no shutdown

SRouterA(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/1

SRouterA(config-if)#ip address 100.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
SRouterA(config-if)#no shutdown

SRouterA(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/2

SRouterA(config-if)#ip address 192.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
SRouterA(config-if)#no shutdown
SRouterA(config-if)#exit

SRouterA(config)#ip route 200.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 100.0.0.2

SRouterA(config)#ip route 192.100.100.0 255.255.255.0 100.0.0.2
SRouterA(config)#ip route 172.100.0.0 255.255.0.0 200.0.0.2
SRouterA(config)#ip route 192.200.200.0 255.255.255.0 200.0.0.2
SRouterA(config)#ip route 200.200.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.100.0.2
SRouterA(config)#ip route 192.198.100.0 255.255.255.0 172.100.0.2
SRouterA(config)#ip route 1.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 200.200.0.1
SRouterA(config)#ip route 192.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 200.200.0.1
Product of YOUTH
 - 241 -
SRouterA(config)#ip route 200.200.0.0 255.255.255.0 1.0.0.2
SRouterA(config)#ip route 192.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 1.0.0.2
SRouterA(config)#ip route 172.100.0.0 255.255.0.0 200.200.0.2
SRouterA(config)#ip route 192.198.100.0 255.255.255.0 200.200.0.2
SRouterA(config)#ip route 200.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.100.0.1
SRouterA(config)#ip route 192.200.200.0 255.255.255.0 172.100.0.1
SRouterA(config)#ip route 100.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 200.0.0.1
SRouterA(config)#ip route 192.100.100.0 255.255.255.0 200.0.0.1
SRouterA(config)#exit

SRouterA#copy running-config startup-config

 RouterB udConfigure
k vkyyf kH

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname SRouterB
SRouterB(config)#enable secret cisco

SRouterB(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

SRouterB(config-if)#ip address 1.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
SRouterB(config-if)#no shutdown

SRouterB(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/1

SRouterB(config-if)#ip address 200.200.0.1 255.255.255.0
SRouterB(config-if)#no shutdown
SRouterB(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/2
SRouterB(config-if)#ip address 192.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
 - 242 -
SRouterB(config-if)#no shutdown
SRouterB(config-if)#exit

SRouterB(config)#ip route 100.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 1.0.0.1

SRouterB(config)#ip route 192.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 1.0.0.1
SRouterB(config)#ip route 200.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 100.0.0.2
SRouterB(config)#ip route 192.100.100.0 255.255.255.0 100.0.0.2
SRouterB(config)#ip route 172.100.0.0 255.255.0.0 200.0.0.2
SRouterB(config)#ip route 192.200.200.0 255.255.255.0 200.0.0.2
SRouterB(config)#ip route 200.200.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.100.0.2
SRouterB(config)#ip route 192.198.100.0 255.255.255.0 172.100.0.2
SRouterB(config)#ip route 172.100.0.0 255.255.0.0 200.200.0.2
SRouterB(config)#ip route 192.198.100.0 255.255.255.0 200.200.0.2
SRouterB(config)#ip route 200.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.100.0.1
SRouterB(config)#ip route 192.200.200.0 255.255.255.0 172.100.0.1
SRouterB(config)#ip route 100.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 200.0.0.1
SRouterB(config)#ip route 192.100.100.0 255.255.255.0 200.0.0.1
SRouterB(config)#ip route 1.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 100.0.0.1
SRouterB(config)#ip route 192.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 100.0.0.1
SRouterB(config)#exit

SRouterB#copy running-config startup-config

 RouterC udkConfigure vkyyf kH

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname RIPRouterC
Product of YOUTH
 - 243 -
RIPRouterC(config)#enable secret cisco

RIPRouterC(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

RIPRouterC(config-if)#ip address 100.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
RIPRouterC(config-if)#no shutdown

RIPRouterC(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/1

RIPRouterC(config-if)#ip address 200.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
RIPRouterC(config-if)#no shutdown

RIPRouterC(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/2

RIPRouterC(config-if)#ip address 192.100.100.1 255.255.255.0
RIPRouterC(config-if)#no shutdown
RIPRouterC(config-if)#exit

RIPRouterC(config)#router rip
RIPRouterC(config-router)#network 100.0.0.0
RIPRouterC(config-router)#network 192.100.100.0
RIPRouterC(config-router)#network 200.0.0.0
RIPRouterC(config-router)#redistributed static
RIPRouterC(config-router)#exit

RIPRouterC(config)#ip route 1.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 100.0.0.1

RIPRouterC(config)#exit
RIPRouterC#copy running-config startup-config

Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)

 - 244 -
 RouterD udkConfigure vkyyf kH

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname RIPRouterD
RIPRouterD(config)#enable secret cisco

RIPRouterD(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

RIPRouterD(config-if)#ip address 172.100.0.1 255.255.0.0
RIPRouterD(config-if)#no shutdown

RIPRouterD(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/1

RIPRouterD(config-if)#ip address 200.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
RIPRouterD(config-if)#no shutdown

RIPRouterD(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/2

RIPRouterD(config-if)#ip address 192.200.200.1 255.255.255.0
RIPRouterD(config-if)#no shutdown
RIPRouterD(config-if)#exit

RIPRouterD(config)#router rip
RIPRouterD(config-router)#network 200.0.0.0
RIPRouterD(config-router)#network 172.100.0.0
RIPRouterD(config-router)#network 192.200.200.0
RIPRouterD(config-router)#redistributed static
RIPRouterD(config-router)#exit
RIPRouterD(config)#exit

Product of YOUTH
 - 245 -
RIPRouterD#copy running-config startup-config

 RouterE udkConfigure vkyyf kH

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname RIPRouterE
RIPRouterE(config)#enable secret cisco

RIPRouterE(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

RIPRouterE(config-if)#ip address 172.100.0.2 255.255.0.0
RIPRouterE(config-if)#no shutdown

RIPRouterE(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/1

RIPRouterE(config-if)#ip address 200.200.0.2 255.255.255.0
RIPRouterE(config-if)#no shutdown

RIPRouterE(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/2

RIPRouterE(config-if)#ip address 192.198.100.1 255.255.255.0
RIPRouterE(config-if)#no shutdown
RIPRouterE(config-if)#exit

RIPRouterE(config)#router rip
RIPRouterE(config-router)#network 172.100.0.0
RIPRouterE(config-router)#network 200.200.0.0
RIPRouterE(config-router)#network 192.198.100.0
RIPRouterE(config-router)#redistributed static
RIPRouterE(config-router)#exit
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
 - 246 -
RIPRouterE(config)#ip route 1.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 200.200.0.1
RIPRouterE(config)#exit

RIPRouterE#copy running-config startup-config

'DvdkrsdK;Dynamic Routing Protocol ESiStatic

hf Route wdkYudkConfigure csNyD;NyDqdk&ifawmh
Network awGtm;vHk;rdaerSmjzpfNyD;Host awGvnf;wpfce kw
YJ pfPing vdrYk ad erSmjzpfygw,f/

Case Study 1 jyD;ygjyD/

NAT, Access List oifcef;pmrsm;yg0ifaom Case Study 2 udk xyfxnfah y;

xm;ygw,f/

Product of YOUTH
 - 247 -
Case Study 2 ( NAT and Access List rsm;yg0ifonf/)

Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)

 - 248 -
'DCase study rSmawmhRouterA rSmNAT xdik rf mS jzpfygw,f/Ny;D awmhTraining Network
bufuUser awGudkSales Network xJuUser awGqo D Access
Ykd vkycf iG rhf &atmifStandard
Access Lists eJyd
Y wx
f m;rSmjzpfygw,f/

 RouterA udConfigure
k vkyyf kH

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname RouterA
RouterA(config)#enable secret cisco

RouterA(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown

RouterA(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/1

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 200.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown

RouterA(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/2

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 192.100.100.1 255.255.255.0
RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown
RouterA(config-if)#exit

RouterA(config)#router eigrp 100

RouterA(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
RouterA(config-router)#network 192.0.0.0
RouterA(config-router)#network 200.0.0.0

Product of YOUTH
 - 249 -
RouterA(config-router)#exit

RouterA(config)#ip nat pool NATPOOL 192.100.100.1 192.100.100.1 netmask

255.255.255.0
RouterA(config)#ip nat inside source list 20 pool NATPOOL overload
RouterA(config)#access-list 20 permit any

RouterA(config)#interface fastethernet 0/2

RouterA(config-if)#ip nat outside

RouterA(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/0

RouterA(config-if)#ip nat inside

RouterA(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/1

RouterA(config-if)#ip nat inside
RouterA(config-if)#exit
RouterA(config-if)#exit

RouterA#copy running-config startup-config

 RouterB udConfigure
k vkyyf kH

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname RouterB
RouterB(config)#enable secret cisco

RouterB(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
 - 250 -
RouterB(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
RouterB(config-if)#no shutdown

RouterB(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/1

RouterB(config-if)#ip address 100.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
RouterB(config-if)#no shutdown

RouterB(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/2

RouterB(config-if)#ip address 192.200.200.1 255.255.255.0
RouterB(config-if)#no shutdown
RouterB(config-if)#exit

RouterB(config)#router eigrp 100

RouterB(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
RouterB(config-router)#network 100.0.0.0
RouterB(config-router)#network 192.200.200.0
RouterB(config-router)#exit

RouterB(config)#access-list 10 deny 198.200.200.0 0.0.0.255

RouterB(config)#access-list 10 permit any
RouterB(config)#interface fastethernet 0/2
RouterB(config-if)#ip access-group 10 out
RouterB(config-if)#exit
RouterB(config)#exit

RouterB(config)#copy running-config startup-config

Product of YOUTH
 - 251 -
 RouterC udConfigure
k vkyyf kH

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname RouterC
RouterC(config)#enable secret cisco
RouterC(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
RouterC(config-if)#ip address 100.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
RouterC(config-if)#no shutdown

RouterC(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/1

RouterC(config-if)#ip address 200.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
RouterC(config-if)#no shutdown

RouterC(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/2

RouterC(config-if)#ip address 192.198.100.1 255.255.255.0
RouterC(config-if)#no shutdown

RouterC(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/3

RouterC(config-if)#ip address 192.200.200.1 255.255.255.0
RouterC(config-if)#no shutdown
RouterC(config-if)#exit

RouterC(config)#router eigrp 100

RouterC(config-router)#network 100.0.0.0
RouterC(config-router)#network 200.0.0.0
RouterC(config-router)#network 192.198.100.0
RouterC(config-router)#network 192.198.200.0
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)
 - 252 -
RouterC(config-router)#exit
RouterC(config)#exit
RouterC(config)#copy running-config startup-config

'Dvakd wGConfigure csNyD;NyDqdk&ifawmhTraining Network bufuaeSales Network

bufudkb,fvdkrSPing MunfhvdkYr&awmhwmudkawGY&ygvdrfhr,f/aemufjyD;awmhRouterA rSmNAT
xdkifxm;wJhtwGufaMumifInternal h Network awGjzpfwSale
hJ Network, Production Network,
Training Network wdkYqDuaeExternal Network jzpfwhJPublic Network bufudkPing vkyf
vd&Yk oGm;rSmjzpfayr,fPublic
h Network bufqDuaeInternal Network awGqDudkb,fvdkrPing
S
vkyv f rYkd &wmudak wGyY gvrd rhf ,f/

Case Study 2 jyD;ygjyD/

PDF Creator - Min Hein Kyaw

[email protected]
Product of YOUTH
 - 253 -
ed*Hk;

1/ Ny;D oGm;jyefygNy/D

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30 Mo*kwf 2009
Road to CCNA (Exam 640-802)