LIDAR Gs cal eer ten eae Ceol ECE+7B eyLEU KWAI aad « LIDAR (Light Detection And ee also LADAR) is an optical remote sensing technology that can measure the distance to, or other properties of a target by illuminating the target with light, often using pulses from a laser..General Description The term "laser radar" is sometimes used, even pe LIDAR does not employ microwaves or SVE TCI Teco SM COREE MO NCCRSTU gol eeSCcreSCoMO) MANTRA OD Ce LIDAR uses ultr: isible, or infrared light to image objects and can be used with a wide range of BecVeecel eM Tele Wer terem bre pets nett) emo) lel Ae Cele ea TT chemical compounds A narrow laser beam can be used to map physical features ATUL e a td cee Le LOEThis animation shows a LIDAR with een Rens SO Tes nee RUT mechanism the middle image shows the laser's Pe the bottom image shows the sensor's OT ee meO Nord COB iC eCIE Ce) POPE eee ces =What can we measure with lidar? * Clouds * Aerosol ¢ Water vapour * Minor constituents e.g. ozone, hydrocarbons ° Temperature ET RRO M AAW ROLLA OL LR CLR KELLEY LE1) ) cD) cS) Components used in lidar... Laser Scanner and optics Photodetector and receiver electronics I OSteCOeMT Nemec RUTTEN ASCEaaa * 600-1000 nm lasers are most common for non-scientific applications. ¢ Better target resolution is achieved with shorter pulses, provided the LIDAR receiver detectors and electronics have sufficient bandwidth.Scanners and optics * How fast images can be developed is also affected by the speed at which they are scanned. * Optic choices affect the angular resolution and eT xom ML mereTm eRe Clee aM OTT EKe Oe a beam splitter are options to collect a return signalPhotodetector and receiver. ee * Two main photodetector technologies are used in lidars: solid state photodetectors, such as silicon avalanche photodiodes, or photomultipliers. SEUSS Mine MUR CCo RE UCL LE TE Cclog that has to be balanced in a LIDAR design.- LIDAR sensors that are mounted on mobile platforms such as airplanes or satellites require instrumentation to determine the absolute position and orientation of the Sone - Such devices generally include a Global Positioning System receiver and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).yaa Litt cee OPV Re een S CO Ents) Cerca Cem CcTs OC SORT haces baron Irom ORTON a SSeS Cy RTS OID Mer Rene or Ose Ee MORI M MEU RCT er TeRs Oeste Rat CORUM CSE Ene Cu Biology and conservation- LIDAR has also found eum eto in forestry. Canopy heights, biomass measurements, and leaf Pe ert eRe OPUS NC OMSTI Ena ODS et Mi Cece me Crea cnersmeUC eT eR Pete E CU ore ERENT NY Maar ea ones IC oem ence nsec ihg OTe B IANSWind farm optimization-Lidar can be used to increase the energy output from wind farms by accurately measuring wind speeds and wind turbulence. An experimental lidar is mounted on a wind turbine rotor to measure oncoming horizontal winds, and proactively adjust DEC Ceen acces ese nnere her ner Law enforcement- |.1DAR speed guns are used by the police to measure the speed of vehicles for speed limit Fenconreennnenre Ty CaoGTC ae eae eRe STAT Re eMC COS NAC Ces cA technology has some advantages in comparison to these methods, Noe rare ent 1) 2) 3) As most of the processes are automatic unlike photogrammetry, GPS or land surveying. 4) Peco ecm ecg of sun inclination and at night and slightly bad weather. 5) ee ese une Meet Cr Dae en ae ee een ee eee Pye TeaContinued... )) Higher data density - Up to 167,000 a) NUR Tem OLR om PALM om nee n Multiple returns to collect data in 3D. 7) Cost - Is has been found by comparative studies that LiDAR data is cheaper in many applications. This is particularly considering the speed, accuracy and density of CeleDisadvantages High operating costs (> £10k / hour) Sone nae act om mont Degraded at high Sun angles and reflections Latency data not processed locally Unreliable for water depth (< 2m) and breaking/turbulent SEs Lack of foliage/vegetation penetration acer ea Oma ETE TeedThe lidar technology is now planned for a wide range of applications that can enable NASA’s Eerie eco Pete eset Urner orton oes er een D) ee ee eee SCO ee een Dy Ra eee Re eee Ore geological and atmospheric data of solar system bodies ° sensors providing hazard avoidance, guidance and navigation ey Oo) sensors providing spacecraft bearing, Greenery cere RCSSummary ¢ Lidar technique allows continuous monitoring of profiles with good height resolution + Different scattering mechanisms permit Citra ee RO mn tiCan td * New technology offers more compact sources and development of transportable and mobile systems