Lab - Implement CoPP

Topology

Addressing Table
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask

R1 G0/0/0 172.16.12.1 255.255.255.252

R1
G0/0/1 10.10.1.1 255.255.255.0
R2 G0/0/0 172.16.12.2 255.255.255.252
A1 VLAN 1 10.10.1.4 255.255.255.0

Objectives
Part 1: Build the Network and Configure Basic Device Settings
Part 2: Verify Initial Connectivity
Part 3: Implement a CoPP Policy on R1
Part 4: Verify the CoPP Policy on R1
Part 5: (Challenge) Further Classify Default Traffic

Background / Scenario
Control Plane Policing (CoPP) is a protection feature for the router’s control plane CPU. CoPP can granularly
permit, drop, or rate-limit traffic to or from the CPU using a Modular QoS CLI (MQC) policy. The CoPP policy
is applied to a dedicated control-plane interface which protects the CPU from unexpected extreme rates of
traffic that could impact the stability of the router.
CoPP handles all process-switched traffic, such as packets logged by an ACL or IP packets with header
(TTL) options. Other types of traffic directed to the control plane include routing updates, (OSPF, EIGRP and
BGP) as well as management traffic, including Telnet, SNMP, SSH, NTP, and HTTP etc.
The focus of this lab is using the Cisco IOS Modular QoS CLI (MQC) to implement CoPP.
Note: This lab is an exercise in configuring CoPP policies and does not necessarily reflect network best
practices.
Note: The routers used with CCNP hands-on labs are Cisco 4221 with Cisco IOS XE Release 16.9.4
(universalk9 image). The switch used in the lab is a Cisco Catalyst 2960 with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2)

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Lab - Implement CoPP

(lanbasek9 image). Other routers, switches, and Cisco IOS versions can be used. Depending on the model
and Cisco IOS version, the commands available and the output produced might vary from what is shown in
the labs. Refer to the Router Interface Summary Table at the end of the lab for the correct interface identifiers.
Note: Make sure that the routers and switches have been erased and have no startup configurations. If you
are unsure, contact your instructor.

Required Resources
• 2 Routers (Cisco 4221 with Cisco IOS XE Release 16.9.4 universal image or comparable)
• 1 Switch (Cisco 2960 with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2) lanbasek9 image or comparable)
• 1 PC (Choice of operating system with terminal emulation program and a packet capture utility installed)
• Console cables to configure the Cisco IOS devices via the console ports
• Ethernet cables as shown in the topology

Part 1: Build the Network and Configure Basic Device Settings

In Part 1, you will set up the network topology and configure basic settings and interface addressing on
devices.

Step 1: Cable the network as shown in the topology.

Attach the devices as shown in the topology diagram, and cable as necessary.

Step 2: Configure basic settings for each device.

a. Console into each device, enter global configuration mode, and apply the basic settings. The startup
configurations for each device are provided below.
Open configuration window

Router R1
hostname R1
no ip domain lookup
ip domain name CCNPv8.CoPP.Lab
username admin privilege 15 algorithm-type scrypt secret cisco123
banner motd # R1, Control Plane Policing #
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
exit
interface g0/0/1
ip address 10.10.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
interface g0/0/0
ip address 172.16.12.1 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit
router eigrp 123
eigrp router-id 0.0.0.1
network 172.16.12.0 0.0.0.3

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Lab - Implement CoPP

network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255

exit
line vty 0 4
login local
transport input telnet ssh
exit
crypto key generate rsa modulus 1024
end
Router R2
hostname R2
no ip domain lookup
ip domain name CCNPv8.CoPP.Lab
username admin privilege 15 algorithm-type scrypt secret cisco123
banner motd # R2, Control Plane Policing #
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
exit
interface g0/0/0
ip address 172.16.12.2 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit
router eigrp 123
eigrp router-id 0.0.0.2
network 172.16.12.0 0.0.0.3
exit
line vty 0 4
login local
transport input telnet ssh
exit
crypto key generate rsa modulus 1024
end
Switch A1
hostname A1
no ip domain lookup
username admin privilege 15 algorithm-type scrypt secret cisco123
ip domain name CCNPv8.COPP.LAB
banner motd # A1, Control Plane Policing #
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
exit
line vty 0 15

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Lab - Implement CoPP

login local
transport input telnet ssh
interface range f0/1-24, g0/1-2
shutdown
exit
interface range f0/1
switchport mode access
no shutdown
exit
interface vlan 1
ip address 10.10.1.4 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
ip default-gateway 10.10.1.1
crypto key generate rsa modulus 1024
end
b. Set the clock on each device to UTC time.
c. Save the running configuration to startup-config.
d. Verify ICMP connectivity between the devices.
Close configuration window

Part 2: Verify Initial Connectivity

It is always advisable to test network connectivity and services before applying any policies. This ensures that
the network is fully functional, and that the loss of connectivity or functionality is due to the applied policy and
not a pre-existing network issue.
When testing TCP connectivity, some services will prompt for a username/password. The pre-configured
username is admin and password is cisco123.

Step 1: Test Telnet connectivity.

Open configuration window

From A1, test Telnet connectivity to R1 and R2. When prompted for a username / password use admin and
cisco123. You should be successful. Troubleshoot as needed.

Step 2: Test SSH connectivity.

From A1, test SSH connectivity to R1 and R2. When prompted for a username / password use admin and
cisco123. You should be successful. Troubleshoot as needed.
Close configuration window

Part 3: Implement a CoPP Policy on R1

In this part, you will configure ACLs to identify traffic flows. You will then use these ACLs in class maps to
classify the traffic for CoPP. Next, you will bind the class maps to a CoPP policy map. This policy map will
apply the policing and actions to take for each class map. Finally, you will apply the policy map to the control
plane.

Step 1: Configure named ACLs to identify traffic flows.

Understanding what is needed for traffic classification can be achieved from network protocol analysis. Cisco
NetFlow and Embedded Packet Capture (EPC) can be used to classify network traffic.

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Lab - Implement CoPP

After the traffic has been identified, ACLs can be built for matching the identified traffic. The definition of these
ACLs is one of the most critical steps in the CoPP process. MQC uses these ACLs to define the traffic
classes. Appropriate granularity in the classification of these protocols within these ACLs allows for better
protection of the control plane CPU.
a. Configure an extended ACL using the name TELNET to identify Telnet traffic.
Open configuration window

R1(config)# ip access-list extended TELNET

R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp any any eq 23
R1(config-ext-nacl)# exit
b. Configure an extended ACL using the name EIGRP to identify all EIGRP traffic.
R1(config)# ip access-list extended EIGRP
R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit eigrp any any
R1(config-ext-nacl)# exit
c. Configure an extended ACL using the name SSH to identify all SSH traffic.
R1(config)# ip access-list extended SSH
R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp any any eq 22
R1(config-ext-nacl)# exit
d. Configure an extended ACL using the name ICMP to identify ICMP traffic.
R1(config)# ip access-list extended ICMP
R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit icmp any any
R1(config-ext-nacl)# exit
Note: Packets not matching any permit statements will be sent to the control plane CPU on R1.

Step 2: Configure class maps for CoPP on R1.

Class maps are used to classify traffic for CoPP. The ACLs defined previously specify which IP packets
belong to which classes. The mapping of ACLs to class maps completes the traffic classification process.
Class maps support multiple match criteria; however, in this configuration a single-match criteria will satisfy
basic functionality.
a. Configure a class map named CM–TELNET to match IP packets that should be dropped and never reach
the control plane CPU.
R1(config)# class-map match-all CM-TELNET
R1(config-cmap)# match access-group name TELNET
R1(config-cmap)# exit
b. Configure a class map named CM–EIGRP to match EIGRP packets. This will allow you to apply a policy
to these routing packets. The same could be done for OSPF or BGP packets if those routing protocols
were active.
R1(config)# class-map match-all CM-EIGRP
R1(config-cmap)# match access-group name EIGRP
R1(config-cmap)# exit
c. Configure a class map named CM-SSH to match IP packets in the ACL named SSH. These IP packets
are SSH packets destined to the management plane.
R1(config)# class-map match-all CM-SSH
R1(config-cmap)# match access-group name SSH

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Lab - Implement CoPP

R1(config-cmap)# exit
d. Configure a class map named CM–ICMP to match IP packets in the ACL named ICMP. These IP packets
are ICMP packets destined to the router.
R1(config)# class-map match-all CM-ICMP
R1(config-cmap)# match access-group name ICMP
R1(config-cmap)# exit

Step 3: Configure a policy map for CoPP on R1.

The policy map defines the “baseline” service policy for each traffic classification. For each traffic class
previously configured, the policy map applies the control plane policing rates and actions.
Finding the optimal police rate without impacting network stability requires understanding traffic flows over
time. To guarantee that CoPP does not introduce stability issues, the violate action should be set to transmit
for all vital classes. When the CoPP policy is confirmed to be operationally effective, that would be the time to
convert the appropriate “exceed-action” transmit actions to drop actions.
a. Configure a policy map named PM–COPP on R1.
R1(config)# policy-map PM-COPP
b. Associate the traffic class maps to the policy map and configure the following policing and action policies:
• For Telnet packets, configure policing at 8 kbps. Then set the conform action to drop and the
exceed action to drop. This will effectively drop all Telnet packets that match the class map.
• For EIGRP packets, configure policing at 20 packets per second (pps). Then set the conform
action to transmit and the exceed action to drop.
• For SSH packets, configure the policing at 50 kbps, set the conform action to transmit and the
exceed action to transmit. This will effectively transmit all SSH packets that match the class map.
• For ICMP packet, configure policing at 10pps. Then set the conform action to transmit and the
exceed action to drop.
R1(config-pmap)# class CM-TELNET
R1(config-pmap-c)# police 8000 conform-action drop exceed-action drop
R1(config-pmap-c-police)# exit
R1(config-pmap-c)# class CM-EIGRP
R1(config-pmap-c)# police rate 10 pps conform-action transmit exceed-action transmit
R1(config-pmap-c-police)# exit
R1(config-pmap-c)# class CM-SSH
R1(config-pmap-c)# police 50000 conform-action transmit exceed-action transmit
R1(config-pmap-c-police)# exit
R1(config-pmap-c)# class CM-ICMP
R1(config-pmap-c)# police rate 10 pps conform-action transmit exceed-action drop
R1(config-pmap-c-police)# exit

c. Associate the default class map with the traffic policy. Set the class to class-default and configure
policing at 12 kbps. Then set the conform action to transmit and the exceed action to transmit.
R1(config-pmap-c)# class class-default
R1(config-pmap-c)# police 12000 conform-action transmit exceed-action transmit
R1(config-pmap-c-police)# end

Note: The class class-default is automatically placed at the end of the policy map. By the nature of CoPP-
matching mechanisms, certain traffic types will always end up falling into the default class. This includes
Layer 2 keepalives and non-IP traffic. Because these traffic types are required to maintain the network control
plane, the class-default should never be policed with both conform and exceed actions set to drop.

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Lab - Implement CoPP

Step 4: Apply the CoPP policy to the control plane virtual interface on R1.
The policy map is applied to the control plane virtual interface in the inbound direction using the service-
policy command. Only traffic destined for the router’s control plane will be affected by the CoPP policy.
a. Enter control plane configuration mode to apply a CoPP policy.
R1# conf t
R1(config)# control-plane
b. Next, attach the policy map to the control plane interface using the service-policy input command and
specify the policy map named PM–COPP on the control plane virtual interface.
R1(config-cp)# service-policy input PM-COPP
R1(config-cp)# end
Close configuration window

Part 4: Verify the CoPP Policy on R1.

Within a few moments of the CoPP policy being applied, dynamic information can be seen about the actual
policy including rate information and the number of bytes and packets that conformed to or exceeded the
configured policies.

Step 1: Issue the show access-list command.

The show access-list command identifies specific traffic for each ACL.
Open configuration window

R1# show access-lists

Extended IP access list EIGRP
10 permit eigrp any any
Extended IP access list ICMP
10 permit icmp any any
Extended IP access list SSH
10 permit tcp any any eq 22
Extended IP access list TELNET
10 permit tcp any any eq telnet

Step 2: Issue the show class-map command.

The only class maps configured are those used for CoPP. Notice the match-any statement under the class-
default class map. The match statement was automatically added when the class map was included in the
policy map configuration.
R1# show class-map
Class Map match-all CM-TELNET (id 1)
Match access-group name TELNET

Class Map match-any class-default (id 0)

Match any

Class Map match-all CM-ICMP (id 5)

Match access-group name ICMP

Class Map match-all CM-EIGRP (id 2)

Match access-group name EIGRP

Class Map match-all CM-SSH (id 3)

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Lab - Implement CoPP

Match access-group name SSH

Step 3: Issue the show policy-map command.

Notice the policy map shows the policing rates that were configured for each class map, including the class–
default class map.
R1# show policy-map
Policy Map PM-COPP
Class CM-TELNET
police cir 8000 bc 1500
conform-action drop
exceed-action drop
Class CM-EIGRP
police rate 10 pps
conform-action transmit
exceed-action transmit
Class CM-SSH
police cir 50000 bc 1562
conform-action transmit
exceed-action transmit
Class CM-ICMP
police rate 10 pps
conform-action transmit
exceed-action drop
Class class-default
police cir 12000 bc 1500
conform-action transmit
exceed-action transmit

Step 4: Issue the show policy-map control-plane command.

This is the most useful command for verifying CoPP functionality. Notice that the EIGRP packets conform to
the policing rule. Because no packets exceeded the defined rates for the EIGRP class map, all packets are
transmitted to the control plane for processing. Note that your packet count will vary from the example below.
R1# show policy-map control-plane
Control Plane

Service-policy input: PM-COPP

Class-map: CM-TELNET (match-all)

0 packets, 0 bytes
5 minute offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: access-group name TELNET
police:
cir 8000 bps, bc 1500 bytes
conformed 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
drop
exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
drop
conformed 0000 bps, exceeded 0000 bps

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Lab - Implement CoPP

Class-map: CM-EIGRP (match-all)

34 packets, 2516 bytes
5 minute offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: access-group name EIGRP
police:
rate 10 pps, burst 2 packets
conformed 34 packets, 2516 bytes; actions:
transmit
exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
transmit
conformed 0 pps, exceeded 0 pps

Class-map: CM-SSH (match-all)

0 packets, 0 bytes
5 minute offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: access-group name SSH
police:
cir 50000 bps, bc 1562 bytes
conformed 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
transmit
exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
transmit
conformed 0000 bps, exceeded 0000 bps

Class-map: CM-ICMP (match-all)

0 packets, 0 bytes
5 minute offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: access-group name ICMP
police:
rate 10 pps, burst 2 packets
conformed 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
transmit
exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
drop
conformed 0 pps, exceeded 0 pps

Class-map: class-default (match-any)

333 packets, 19788 bytes
5 minute offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: any
police:
cir 12000 bps, bc 1500 bytes
conformed 333 packets, 19788 bytes; actions:
transmit
exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
transmit
conformed 0000 bps, exceeded 0000 bps
close configuration window

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Lab - Implement CoPP

Step 5: From R2, ping R1.

From R2, use the command ping 172.16.12.1 repeat 20 to simulate a DoS attach on the control plane on R1.
Notice the success rate of 70 percent and the failed pings as indicated by the period symbol (.) among the
(successful) exclamation marks. From the output above, this indicates that R1 is dropping every third ICMP
packet, based on the policy for rate limiting ICMP traffic to the control plane on R1.
Open configuration window

R2# ping 172.16.12.1 repeat 20

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 20, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!.!!.!!.!!.!!.!!.!!
Success rate is 70 percent (14/20), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

Step 6: From R2, access R1 via Telnet.

From R2 enter the telnet 172.17.12.1 command. Notice that all Telnet traffic to R1 is not successful. This is
because our policy is to drop all Telnet traffic directed to the control plane on R1.
R2# telnet 172.16.12.1
Trying 172.16.12.1 ...
% Connection timed out; remote host not responding

Step 7: From R2, access A1 via Telnet.

From R2, enter the telnet 10.10.1.4 command. When prompted for a username / password enter admin and
cisco123. Notice that Telnet traffic from R2 through R1 to A1 is successful.
R2# telnet 10.10.1.4
Trying 10.10.1.4 ... Open
A1, Control Plane Policing

User Access Verification

Username: admin
Password:
A1# exit

[Connection to 10.10.1.4 closed by foreign host]

Step 8: SSH from R2 to R1.

From R2 SSH into R1 using the ssh -l admin 172.16.12.1 command. When prompted for a password enter
cisco123. Then enter the show running-config command to generate SSH packets.
R2# ssh -l admin 172.16.12.1
Password:
R1, Control Plane Policing

R1# show running-config

Building configuration...
(output omitted)

R1# exit

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Lab - Implement CoPP

[Connection to 172.16.12.1 closed by foreign host]

close configuration window

Step 9: Investigate the CoPP policy on R1.

a. On R1, repeat the show policy-map control-plane command to investigate policing of ICMP, Telnet,
SSH, EIGRP and other packets.
Note: Your packet counts will vary from the following output.
Open configuration window

R1# show policy-map control-plane

Control Plane

Service-policy input: PM-COPP

Class-map: CM-TELNET (match-all)

4 packets, 232 bytes
5 minute offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: access-group name TELNET
police:
cir 8000 bps, bc 1500 bytes
conformed 4 packets, 232 bytes; actions:
drop
exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
drop
conformed 0000 bps, exceeded 0000 bps

Class-map: CM-EIGRP (match-all)

487 packets, 36038 bytes
5 minute offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: access-group name EIGRP
police:
rate 10 pps, burst 2 packets
conformed 487 packets, 36038 bytes; actions:
transmit
exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
transmit
conformed 0 pps, exceeded 0 pps

Class-map: CM-SSH (match-all)

68 packets, 5776 bytes
5 minute offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: access-group name SSH
police:
cir 50000 bps, bc 1562 bytes
conformed 68 packets, 5776 bytes; actions:
transmit
exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
transmit
conformed 0000 bps, exceeded 0000 bps

Class-map: CM-ICMP (match-all)

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Lab - Implement CoPP

10 packets, 1000 bytes

5 minute offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: access-group name ICMP
police:
rate 10 pps, burst 2 packets
conformed 7 packets, 700 bytes; actions:
transmit
exceeded 3 packets, 300 bytes; actions:
drop
conformed 0 pps, exceeded 0 pps

Class-map: class-default (match-any)

4701 packets, 281816 bytes
5 minute offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: any
police:
cir 12000 bps, bc 1500 bytes
conformed 4701 packets, 281816 bytes; actions:
transmit
exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
transmit
conformed 0000 bps, exceeded 0000 bps
close configuration window

b. From the output above note the following:

• Notice that all four Telnet packets were dropped.
• All EIGRP packets conform to the policing rule and are forwarded the control plane for
processing.
• All SSH packets also conform to the policing rule and are forwarded to the control plane for
processing.
• Ping packets are rate limited to 10 pps. This allows a “burst” of two packets, with every third
packet being dropped.

Part 5: (Challenge) Further Classify Default Traffic

Notice in the output of the show policy-map control-plane command that there is a substantial number of
packets that are being matched to the class-default class map. One solution to help identify the source of
these packets would be to configure a “CATCH-ALL” class map. This new class map would collect any
remaining traffic that have not matched previous class maps and are destined to the device’s control plane.
This CATCH-ALL class would prevent packets from ending up in the class-default class map. For example,
an ACL called CATCH-ALL could be defined as follows:
Open configuration window

R1(config)# ip access-list extended CATCH-ALL

R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit icmp any any
R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit udp any any
R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp any any
R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit ip any any
R1(config-ext-nacl)# exit
close configuration window

This ACL could be matched to a class map called CM-CATCH-ALL that could be policed to 50 kbps with a
confirm action of transmit and an exceed action of drop.

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Lab - Implement CoPP

Implement this new class map in your policy map, repeat the verifications in Part 4, and then view the output
of the show policy-map control-plane command to see where this default traffic is classified.

Reflection Questions
1. Why is R2 able to use Telnet through R1 to A1?
Type your answers here.

2. When initially deploying CoPP, how can you prevent disruption of legitimate control plane traffic?
Type your answers here.

Router Interface Summary Table

Router Model Ethernet Interface #1 Ethernet Interface #2 Serial Interface #1 Serial Interface #2

Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1

1800 (F0/0) (F0/1) Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/1
1900 (G0/0) (G0/1) Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1
2801 (F0/0) (F0/1) Serial 0/1/0 (S0/1/0) Serial 0/1/1 (S0/1/1)
Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1
2811 (F0/0) (F0/1) Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/1
2900 (G0/0) (G0/1) Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/1
4221 (G0/0/0) (G0/0/1) Serial 0/1/0 (S0/1/0) Serial 0/1/1 (S0/1/1)
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/1
4300 (G0/0/0) (G0/0/1) Serial 0/1/0 (S0/1/0) Serial 0/1/1 (S0/1/1)

Note: To find out how the router is configured, look at the interfaces to identify the type of router and how many
interfaces the router has. There is no way to effectively list all the combinations of configurations for each router
class. This table includes identifiers for the possible combinations of Ethernet and Serial interfaces in the device.
The table does not include any other type of interface, even though a specific router may contain one. An
example of this might be an ISDN BRI interface. The string in parenthesis is the legal abbreviation that can be
used in Cisco IOS commands to represent the interface.
End of document

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