Fcom Performance (Sep 14 2020)
Fcom Performance (Sep 14 2020)
PERFORMANCE
LOADING
Intentionally left blank
PERFORMANCE
LOADING
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PER-LOD-GEN GENERAL
DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................................................................................A
PER-LOD-FUL FUEL
USE OF MANUAL MAGNETIC INDICATORS (MMI)............................................................................................. A
DEFINITIONS
Ident.: PER-LOD-GEN-00001661.0001001 / 09 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-LOD-CGO-00001662.0002001 / 26 NOV 19
Applicable to: ALL
GENERAL
Indicators are installed as follows:
• Four in each wing tank: Three in the inner tank and one in the outer tank
• One in the center tank
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-LOD-WBA-LTS-00001685.0001001 / 09 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
This chart allows the determination of Aircraft CG location (MAC) function of dry operating weight,
pantry adjustment, cargo loads, passengers and fuel on board.
The operational limits shown on the load and trim sheet are more restrictive than the certified limits
because error margins have been taken into account.
The load and trim sheet needs to be updated when :
‐ a modification which changes the aircraft certified limits is included or
‐ a modification (cabin layout, cargo arrangement ...) which influences the operational limits is
made.
It is the airline responsibility to define a load and trim sheet and to keep it up to date. Refer to
PER-LOD-WBA-LTS DESCRIPTION is a description of the Load and Trim Sheet utilization (Refer to
PER-LOD-WBA-LTS LOAD AND TRIM SHEET), for a typical passenger arrangement.
Refer to customized load and trim sheet for preparing a revenue flight.
DATA
Ident.: PER-LOD-WBA-LTS-00001686.0002001 / 23 JUN 15
Applicable to: ALL
DESCRIPTION
Ident.: PER-LOD-WBA-LTS-00001687.0002001 / 12 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-LOD-WBA-FIT-10-00012775.0002001 / 21 MAR 17
Applicable to: ALL
The fuel index table has been established assuming a fuel distribution in accordance with refuel
distribution given in sectionRefer to DSC-28-10-70 Refueling - Defueling of this volume.
If after refueling the actual distribution deviates from the chart values, the actual and the trim sheet
CG will show a discrepancy. The following tables allow to determine the fuel index taking into
account the actual fuel quantity in each tank. To determine the actual takeoff CG enter the tables
with the actual fuel quantities in each tank, read the fuel index for each tank and use their sum to
enter the trim sheet. Check that the actual CG is inside the operational limits. If the CG is outside the
limits transfer fuel to achieve a distribution in accordance with the chart or rearrange the load.
Note: These tables are valid only when used with the following formula for the index:
I = W × (H-arm – 18.85)/1 000 + K or I = [(CG – 25) × W × 0.000042] + K
(Weight in kg, H-arm in m)
Note: These tables are valid only when used with the following formulae for the index:
I=W×(H-arm–18.85)/1 000+K or I=[(CG–25)×W×0.000042]+K (Weight in kg, H-arm in m)
Weight Index
500 -1
1 000 -1
1 500 -2
2 000 -2
2 500 -2
3 000 -3
3 500 -3
4 000 -3
4 500 -3
5 000 -3
FULL -2
Note: These tables are valid only when used with the following formulae for the index:
I=W×(H-arm–18.85)/1 000+K or I=[(CG–25)×W×0.000042]+K (Weight in kg, H-arm in m)
Weight Index
250 1
500 1
FULL 2
Note: These tables are valid only when used with the following formulae for the index:
I=W×(H-arm–18.85)/1 000+K or I=[(CG–25)×W×0.000042]+K (Weight in kg, H-arm in m)
Weight Index
500 -1
1 000 -1
1 500 -2
2 000 -3
2 500 -3
3 000 -4
3 500 -5
4 000 -6
4 500 -7
5 000 -7
5 500 -8
6 000 -9
FULL -10
PERFORMANCE
OPERATING DATA
Intentionally left blank
PERFORMANCE
OPERATING DATA
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PER-OPD-GEN GENERAL
CONVERSIONS - IAS . MACH - TAS . MACH - SAT . TAT..................................................................................A
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ATMOSPHERE (ISA)............................................................................................B
CONVERSIONS - QNH - QFE - PRESSURE ALTITUDE......................................................................................C
CONVERSIONS QFE HPA - IN. HG - FT..............................................................................................................D
WIND COMPONENTS (FOR TAKEOFF AND LANDING)......................................................................................E
ALTITUDE TEMPERATURE CORRECTION.......................................................................................................... F
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-OPD-CON-AEO-00001657.0001001 / 23 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
The ground distance/air distance conversion tables show the air distance for a given ground distance
due to the influence of the wind.
The Tables are given for :
‐ M .78
‐ Long range speed.
M.78
Ident.: PER-OPD-CON-AEO-00001658.0001001 / 28 JAN 11
Applicable to: ALL
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-OPD-CON-OEI-00004074.0001001 / 09 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
The ground distance/air distance conversion tables are used to calculate the air distance for a given
ground distance due to the influence of the wind.
Tables are given for :
‐ LONG RANGE SPEED
‐ FIXED SPEEDS
FIXED SPEEDS
Ident.: PER-OPD-CON-OEI-00001961.0001001 / 09 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
PERFORMANCE
THRUST RATINGS
Intentionally left blank
PERFORMANCE
THRUST RATINGS
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PER-THR-GEN GENERAL
GENERAL................................................................................................................................................................ A
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-THR-GEN-00004079.0001001 / 28 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
DEFINITION
Ident.: PER-THR-MTO-00001968.0001001 / 01 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
It is the maximum thrust certified for takeoff and is normally limited to five minutes.
This time is extended to ten minutes for engine out contingency, as authorized by the approved AFM.
MAXIMUM TAKEOFF
Ident.: PER-THR-MTO-00001969.0030001 / 06 JAN 16
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
MAXIMUM TAKEOFF
Ident.: PER-THR-MTO-00001969.0008001 / 28 JAN 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
DEFINITION
Ident.: PER-THR-MGA-00001971.0001001 / 23 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
MAXIMUM GO AROUND
Ident.: PER-THR-MGA-00001972.0033001 / 06 JAN 16
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
MAXIMUM GO AROUND
Ident.: PER-THR-MGA-00001972.0005001 / 28 JAN 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
DEFINITION
Ident.: PER-THR-FLX-00001973.0002001 / 23 FEB 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
It is a reduced takeoff thrust as compared to the maximum permissible. The related EPR is
calculated as a function of the flexible temperature entered in the FMGS MCDU. The flexible
temperature is a function of the aircraft weight and environmental conditions.
It guarantees that the regular performance requirements are met.
DEFINITION
Ident.: PER-THR-FLX-00001973.0001001 / 23 FEB 11
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
It is a reduced takeoff thrust as compared to the maximum permissible. The related N1 is calculated
as a function of the flexible temperature entered in the FMGS MCDU. The flexible temperature is a
function of the aircraft weight and environmental conditions.
It guarantees that the regular performance requirements are met.
FLEXIBLE TAKEOFF
Ident.: PER-THR-FLX-00001974.0037001 / 06 JAN 16
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
PW1127G-JM
N1 CORRECTIONS FOR AIR BLEED (%)
PW1127GA-JM
FLEX TAKEOFF AIR CONDITIONING ON - 1.4
N1 ENG ANTI-ICE ON - 0.3
NO AIR BLEED ENG AND WING ANTI-ICE ON -1.3
MACH .000
DEFINITION
Ident.: PER-THR-MCT-00001975.0001001 / 28 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
It is the maximum thrust certified for continuous use. This rating should be used, at the pilot’s
discretion, only when required to ensure safe flight (engine failure).
MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS
Ident.: PER-THR-MCT-00001976.0027001 / 06 JAN 16
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS
Ident.: PER-THR-MCT-00001976.0018001 / 28 JAN 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
DEFINITION
Ident.: PER-THR-MCL-00001977.0001001 / 23 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
MAXIMUM CLIMB
Ident.: PER-THR-MCL-00001978.0094001 / 15 NOV 16
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10069
MAXIMUM CLIMB
Ident.: PER-THR-MCL-00001978.0092001 / 15 NOV 16
Applicable to: MSN 10301-10425
MAXIMUM CLIMB
Ident.: PER-THR-MCL-00001978.0005001 / 28 JAN 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
DEFINITION
Ident.: PER-THR-MCR-00001979.0013001 / 09 NOV 17
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10069
DEFINITION
Ident.: PER-THR-MCR-00001979.0010001 / 09 NOV 17
Applicable to: MSN 10301-10425
DEFINITION
Ident.: PER-THR-MCR-00001979.0002001 / 02 FEB 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
MAXIMUM CRUISE
Ident.: PER-THR-MCR-00001980.0037001 / 15 MAR 17
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10069
MAXIMUM CRUISE
Ident.: PER-THR-MCR-00001980.0029001 / 15 NOV 16
Applicable to: MSN 10301-10425
MAXIMUM CRUISE
Ident.: PER-THR-MCR-00001980.0005001 / 05 APR 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
In case of no EPR available, the thrust control automatically reverts to N1 mode (rated or degraded).
Refer to PRO-ABN-ENG ENG 1(2) EPR MODE FAULT (First Threshold).
If the rated N1 mode is lost on both engines, refer to the power management tables given on the
following pages.
The herebelow table gives the N1 to be set in cruise to maintain M 0.78.
FLIGHT LEVEL
WEIGHT
290 310 330 350 370 390
(1000 KG)
50 75.4 75.5 75.7 76 76.8 78
52 75.7 75.8 76 76.4 77.2 78.6
54 75.9 76.1 76.4 76.8 77.6 79.1
56 76.2 76.4 76.8 77.2 78.1 79.7
58 76.4 76.7 77.1 77.6 78.6 80.4
60 76.7 77.1 77.5 78 79.2 81.2
62 77.1 77.4 77.9 78.5 79.7 81.9
64 77.3 77.7 78.3 79 80.3
66 77.7 78.1 78.6 79.5 81
68 78 78.5 79.1 80 81.7
70 78.3 78.8 79.5 80.5 82.5
72 78.6 79.2 80 81.1
74 79 79.5 80.4 81.7
76 79.3 80 80.9 82.4 N1 (%)
MAXIMUM TAKEOFF N1
Ident.: PER-THR-N1-00001970.0005001 / 28 JAN 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
MAXIMUM GO AROUND N1
Ident.: PER-THR-N1-00004650.0003001 / 08 FEB 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS N1
Ident.: PER-THR-N1-00004651.0007001 / 09 DEC 09
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
MAXIMUM CLIMB N1
Ident.: PER-THR-N1-00004652.0004001 / 28 JUL 14
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
MAXIMUM CRUISE N1
Ident.: PER-THR-N1-00004653.0004001 / 09 DEC 09
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
PERFORMANCE
TAKEOFF
Intentionally left blank
PERFORMANCE
TAKEOFF
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PER-TOF-THR-FLX-30 REQUIREMENTS
REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................................................... A
PER-TOF-THR-FLX-40 RECOMMENDATION
GENERAL................................................................................................................................................................ A
TAKEOFF PROCEDURE........................................................................................................................................ B
PER-TOF-TOC-12-30 EXTRAPOLATION
EXTRAPOLATION................................................................................................................................................... A
PER-TOF-TOC-12-50 SUMMARY
SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................................... A
PER-TOF-TOC-14-30 SUMMARY
SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................................... A
PER-TOF-TOC-18-20 EXTRAPOLATION
EXTRAPOLATION................................................................................................................................................... A
PER-TOF-TOC-18-40 SUMMARY
SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................................... A
PER-TOF-TOC-20-30 SUMMARY
SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................................... A
PER-TOF-CTA-20 DEFINITIONS
DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................................................................................A
EQUIVALENCES..................................................................................................................................................... B
RESTRICTIONS...................................................................................................................................................... C
PER-TOF-CTA-40-40 EXAMPLE
TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE ON DRY RUNWAY...................................................................................................A
TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE ON WET RUNWAY.................................................................................................. B
In many cases the aircraft takes off with a weight lower than the maximum permissible takeoff
weight. When this happens, it can meet the required performance (runway, second segment,
obstacle,...) with a decreased thrust that is adapted to the weight : this is called FLEXIBLE TAKEOFF
and the thrust is called FLEXIBLE TAKEOFF THRUST.
The use of flexible takeoff thrust saves engine life.
The pilot can use flexible takeoff when the actual takeoff weight is lower than the maximum
permissible takeoff weight for the actual temperature. The maximum permissible takeoff weight
decreases when temperature increases, so it is possible to assume a temperature at which
the actual takeoff weight would be the limiting one. This temperature is called FLEXIBLE
TEMPERATURE or assumed temperature and is entered in the FADEC via the MCDU PERF TO
page in order to get the adapted thrust.
REQUIREMENTS
REQUIREMENTS
Ident.: PER-TOF-THR-FLX-30-00001792.0046001 / 12 MAY 16
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
‐ Thrust must not be reduced by more than 25 % of the full rated takeoff thrust.
‐ The flexible takeoff N1 cannot be lower than the Max climb N1 at the same flight conditions.
The FADEC takes the above two constraints into account to determine flexible N1.
The above two constraints also limit the maximum flexible temperature at ISA + 50 (65 °C at sea
level).
‐ The flexible temperature cannot be lower than the flat rating temperature, TREF (ISA +32 at sea
level), or the actual temperature (OAT).
‐ Flexible takeoff is not permitted on contaminated runways.
‐ The operator should check the maximum thrust (TOGA) at regular intervals in order to detect any
engine deterioration, or maintain an adequate engine performance monitoring program to follow up
the engine parameters.
REQUIREMENTS
Ident.: PER-TOF-THR-FLX-30-00001792.0013001 / 04 JUL 17
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
‐ Thrust must not be reduced by more than 25 % of the full rated takeoff thrust.
‐ The flexible takeoff EPR cannot be lower than the Max climb EPR at the same flight conditions.
The FADEC takes the above two constraints into account to determine flexible EPR.
The above two constraints also limit the maximum flexible temperature at ISA + 55 (70 °C at sea
level).
‐ The flexible takeoff thrust cannot be lower than the Max Continuous thrust used for the final takeoff
flight path computation (at ISA +40).
‐ The flexible temperature cannot be lower than the flat rating temperature, TREF (ISA+31 at sea
level or See Note), or the actual temperature (OAT).
Note: TREF being a function of pressure altitude, read it on the takeoff chart.
‐ Flexible takeoff is not permitted on contaminated runways.
‐ The operator should check the maximum thrust (TOGA) at regular intervals in order to detect any
engine deterioration, or maintain an adequate engine performance monitoring program to follow up
the engine parameters.
RECOMMENDATION
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-TOF-THR-FLX-40-00001720.0002001 / 15 DEC 15
Applicable to: ALL
• In order to extend engine life and save maintenance costs, it is recommended to use flexible thrust
reduction.
• However, to improve the takeoff performance, the thrust can be increased by selecting a lower
flexible temperature.
Using the same takeoff chart, for a given weight it is possible to :
‐ Select a temperature lower than the maximum determined one and keep the speeds defined at
maximum temperature or,
‐ Move towards the left side (tailwind) of the takeoff chart while remaining within the same
configuration and looking for the same actual takeoff weight at lower temperature.
This produces a lower flexible temperature and, in general, lower takeoff speeds (V1/VR/V2).
Using one of the two above possibilities, check that the selected temperature is greater than the
actual temperature (OAT) and greater than the flat rating temperature (TREF).
TAKEOFF PROCEDURE
Ident.: PER-TOF-THR-FLX-40-00001721.0001001 / 28 JAN 11
Applicable to: ALL
TAKEOFF CHARTS
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-05-00001704.0001001 / 21 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
Takeoff charts are required to provide performance at takeoff. It is possible to present the charts in
two different ways, one of which is selected by the airline. The different presentations are :
‐ temperature entry (temperature provided in the left column)
‐ weight entry (weight provided in the left column).
Both presentations are described here after. Sections PER-TOF-TOC-10, 12 and 14 are relative to
temperature entry while PER-TOF-TOC-16, 18 and 20 are relative to weight entry.
TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE
TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-10-10-00001705.0001001 / 23 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
Takeoff optimization is calculated for a given runway and its obstacles and for given conditions of
flap setting, temperature, wind and QNH. The calculation produces a maximum permissible takeoff
weight (or a maximum takeoff temperature for an actual weight).
The takeoff thrust produced by the engine varies as follows :
The optimization process calculates the speeds which will produce the maximum takeoff weight.
To do so, it takes into account the different takeoff limitations such as TOD, ASD, TOR, second
segment..., as shown on the figure charts below.
On a typical runway, the performance of a twin engine aircraft, is generally limited by the one engine
out operation at takeoff. The optimum V2/VS and optimum V1/VR are consequently unique.
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-10-20-00001706.0003001 / 03 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
The takeoff chart (RTOW : Regulatory Takeoff Weight) is calculated for a specific aircraft version
and for a particular runway specified at the top of the chart. The top of the chart also gives some
information about the runway and lists the calculation assumptions.
The chart is given for 2 different configurations and 5 wind values per configuration. This allows the
crew to select the configuration that gives either :
‐ the highest permissible takeoff weight, or, for a given weight,
‐ the highest flexible temperature.
If different configurations give equivalent performance, the crew should select the configuration
associated with the lowest takeoff speeds.
For each temperature value (and for a given configuration and wind), the chart provides the following
information :
Each takeoff chart is computed for a given set of conditions (air conditioning, QNH, anti ice...)
specified at the top of the chart. If the actual takeoff conditions are different, the crew must apply
corrections. Two types of correction are available :
‐ Conservative corrections on Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-24 EFFECT OF QNH AND BLEEDS (to be
used when not provided on the chart).
‐ Corrections (less restrictive) listed on the chart, to be applied as explained below.
Note: ‐ If the RTOW chart is based on the CG being at 25 %, the crew can find the takeoff
performance at a more forward CG by decreasing the takeoff weight by 1 000 kg
(2 200 lb) and increasing V1, VR and V2 by 1 kt.
‐ 25 % CG is the basic certified limit, on which all takeoff computations are based. To
take into account the operational margins, the above penalties must be applied when
operational CG is forward 27 % CG.
TVMC is a temperature value given per column. This is a fictitious value that indicates the
temperature above which the speeds are close to a VMCG/VMCA limitation or are VMCG/VMCA
limited.
Note: The lower two lines may be shaded on certain chart formats.
MINIMUM SPEEDS
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-10-20-00005372.0001001 / 08 JUL 15
Applicable to: ALL
Minimum V1/VR/V2 due to VMCG/VMCA are provided on the bottom right side of the takeoff chart.
They are only applicable in case of speed corrections.
These speeds are conservative. They may be slightly higher than V1/VR/V2 displayed on the takeoff
chart.
On the temperature entry chart, the temperature column may display asterisks or have a gray band
to indicate temperature values above TMAX and which are flex temperature.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The performance given in the chart is consistent with the flight path specified for the aircraft with one
engine out and takes into account significant obstacles.
When the procedure to be followed is not the standard instrument departure, the chart describes a
specific procedure (EOSID).
When the specified procedure requires a turn, except if otherwise stated on the RTOW chart, the turn
should be performed with a maximum bank of 15 ° until the aircraft reaches 1 500 ft or until green
dot.
The acceleration height (or altitude) ensures that the net flight path clears the highest obstacle by
at least 35 ft when accelerating in level flight to green dot speed after an engine failure, in the most
adverse conditions.
Takeoff charts computed for wet runway with a 15 ft screen height and/or use of reverse thrust may
produce, in some conditions, a maximum takeoff weight (or flexible temperature) higher than that
obtained for a dry runway. It is thus mandatory to compare both charts (dry and wet) and retain the
lower of the two weights (or flexible temperature) and the associated speeds determined for a wet
runway.
Note: The crew need not compare the charts if the top of the wet runway chart specifies “DRY
CHECK”. (The comparison has already been inserted in the WET runway calculation).
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
The takeoff chart is computed for a given runway under a set of conditions, which are:
‐ OAT
‐ Wind
‐ Configuration
‐ QNH, air conditioning, anti ice...
Two configurations are produced on the chart. This enables the crew to select that giving the highest
permissible takeoff weight. In case of equivalent performance, retain the configuration giving the
lower takeoff speeds.
For a given configuration, enter the chart with the OAT and wind value to determine the maximum
permissible weight. For an OAT or wind value not presented on the chart, interpolate between two
consecutive temperature rows and/or two consecutive wind columns. Conservative OAT or wind
values can also be considered. No extrapolation is allowed.
Retain the maximum takeoff weight, associated configuration and speeds from above.
For conditions different from those of the chart, apply relevant corrections.
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
Corrections are given for QNH ≠ 1 013 hPa, air conditioning ON, anti ice ON(Refer to
PER-TOF-TOD-24 EFFECT OF QNH AND BLEEDS).
1. For the given wind and temperature conditions, read the maximum takeoff weight.
2. Apply the published weight correction(s) to the maximum takeoff weight (for each correction) to
determine the maximum permissible takeoff weight.
3. Read the speeds associated with the maximum permissible takeoff weight by entering the chart in
the wind column.
EXAMPLE 1
DATA: OAT = 25 °C
Head Wind = 10 kt
Air conditioning ON
QNH = 1 013 hPa
Use the chart (Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-10-30 EXAMPLE OF TAKEOFF CHART):
Enter the 10 kt head wind column and interpolate for 25 °C, CONF 1+F,
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
For example: Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-10-30 EXAMPLE OF TAKEOFF CHART
A description of this correction is given on Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-10-20 DESCRIPTION OF THE
CORRECTIONS ON TAKEOFF CHART. The list of corrections is not exhaustive, however the most
commonly used corrections are wet runway, QNH, air conditioning and/or anti ice. A maximum of
three corrections can be produced on one chart.
To apply the corrections, proceed as follows:
1. Enter the chart with given OAT and wind to determine the maximum takeoff weight before
correction.
2. Apply the first correction:
If OAT is less than or equal to TVMC (line 3), apply ΔW correction from line 1 and ΔV1/ΔVR/ΔV2
corrections from line 2.
Else, (for OAT greater than TVMC), apply ΔW correction from line 3 and ΔV1/ΔVR/ΔV2 corrections
from line 4.
3. To combine a second (and third, as applicable) correction:
If OAT is less than or equal to TVMC (line 3), apply ΔW correction from line 1 and ΔV1/ΔVR/ΔV2
corrections from line 2.
Check that the resulting speeds are higher than the minimum speeds displayed on the RTOW
chart and that V2 is higher than the VMU limited speed (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-25-20 MINIMUM
V2 LIMITED BY VMU/VMCA (KT IAS)).
If OAT is higher than TVMC (line 3) or if the above speed check is not fulfilled, apply ΔW correction
from line 3 and ΔV1/ΔVR/ΔV2 corrections from line 4. No speed check is required.
Note: ‐ QNH correction is given for ±10 hPa . It is allowed to extrapolate linearly for greater QNH
deviation.
‐ When using a takeoff chart with failure cases, it is not allowed to combine two failure
cases.
‐ Corrections from the chart must be applied from top to bottom, i.e. in the RTOW on Refer
to PER-TOF-TOC-10-30 EXAMPLE OF TAKEOFF CHART, apply the wet correction first.
‐ If asterisk or dotted lines appear in the correction boxes, refer to more conservative
corrections provided in the FCOM.
‐ No speed check is required for the first correction. However, if the first influence
correction follows a conservative FCOM correction, a speed check is required.
EXAMPLE 2
DATA : CONF 2
OAT = 25 °C
Head Wind = 10 kt
QNH = 1 028 hPa
WET runway
In this example, we will consider CONF 2 as takeoff configuration. But same computation has to
be done in CONF 1 and you must retain the best configuration.
Use the chart (Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-10-30 EXAMPLE OF TAKEOFF CHART)
•
• Enter the 10 kt head wind column and interpolate for 25 °C, CONF 2,
max TO weight (1 000 kg).......................................................................................................82.1
• Read associated speeds as V1 = 156 kt, VR = 157 kt, V2 = 162 kt
• Apply WET correction
For OAT < TVMC (54 °C), ΔW = 0.2 × 15/10 =.....................................................................+ 0.3
Maximum permissible takeoff weight (1 000 kg).................................................................. = 81.2
Associated speeds,
V1 = 146 kt + 1 × 15/10 = 147 kt
VR = 156 kt + 1 × 15/10 = 158 kt
V2 = 161 kt + 1 × 15/10 = 163 kt
• Check that the speeds are higher than minimum speeds from the chart and from VMU table
(Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-25-20 MINIMUM V2 LIMITED BY VMU/VMCA (KT IAS)).
It is reminded that if the speed checks are not fulfilled, the corrections must be recalculated
using those provided on lines 3 and 4.
Takeoff Configuration : 2
TOW V1 VR V2
TOW (RTOW) 82.1 156 157 162
FCOM correction(s)
Intermediate value 82.1 156 157 162
WET Correction - 1.2 -10 -1 -1
Intermediate value 80.9 146 156 161
QNH Correction + 0.3 +1 +2 +2
Final value 81.2 147 158 163
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
Proceed as follows:
1. Enter the chart with selected configuration, OAT and wind to read the maximum takeoff weight.
2. Apply corrections from FCOM to determine an intermediate weight. Interpolate associated speeds
for intermediate weight in the same column (same wind and configuration).
3. Apply corrections from RTOW chart as explained above.
EXAMPLE 3
DATA : CONF 2
OAT = 25 °C
Head wind = 10 kt
Air conditioning ON
QNH = 1 028 hPa
WET runway
In this example, we will consider CONF 2 as takeoff configuration. But same computation has to
be done in CONF 1 and you must retain the best configuration.
1. Use the chart (Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-10-30 EXAMPLE OF TAKEOFF CHART).
Enter the 10 kt head wind column and interpolate for 25 °C, CONF 2,
Max TO weight (1 000 kg) air conditioning OFF..................................................................... 82.1
2. First, apply the QNH/Bleeds correction (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-24 EFFECT OF QNH AND
BLEEDS).
EXTRAPOLATION
EXTRAPOLATION
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-12-30-00001716.0002001 / 01 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
For a takeoff weight lower than those displayed on the chart, associated speeds are calculated as
follows :
1. For given configuration and wind, note the speeds associated with the takeoff weight in the row
displaying the highest permissible temperature.
2. Apply speed corrections provided at the bottom of the RTOW chart to V1, VR and V2 limited to the
minimum speeds.
The maximum structural takeoff weight is a weight limitation depending on the aircraft. This limitation
is provided in the Flight Manual and in Refer to LIM-AG-WGHT Weight Limitations. Compare the
maximum structural takeoff weight to the maximum permissible takeoff weight computed for given
conditions and retain the lower of the two values.
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-12-50-00006313.0001001 / 11 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-14-10-00001722.0002001 / 17 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
Before determining the flexible temperature, calculate the maximum permissible takeoff weight (see
previous section) and ensure that the actual takeoff weight is lower than the determined maximum
takeoff weight.
• Enter the RTOW chart with the wind condition to interpolate for the actual takeoff weight. Read the
flexible temperature in the temperature column corresponding to the actual weight.
• Repeat this process for the other configuration available. Select the configuration giving the
highest flexible temperature.
When the takeoff conditions are different from those provided on the chart, apply the associated
corrections.
Note: ‐ If the RTOW chart is based on the CG being at 25 %, the crew can determine the flexible
temperature at a more forward CG by decreasing the flexible temperature by 2 °C. V1,
VR and V2 must be increased by 1 kt.
‐ 25 % CG is the basic certified limit, on which all takeoff computations are based. To
take into account the operational margins, the above penalties must be applied when
operational CG is forward 27 % CG.
Determine the maximum permissible takeoff weight. The actual weight being lower than the
maximum one, flexible takeoff is possible.
Enter the 10 kt head wind column and interpolate for 75 600 kg, CONF 1+F,
Flexible temperature.............................................................................................................. 53 °C
Enter the 10 kt head wind column and interpolate for 75 600 kg, CONF 2,
Flexible temperature.............................................................................................................. 53 °C
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
For a description of this correction Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-10-20 DESCRIPTION OF THE
CORRECTIONS ON TAKEOFF CHART. The list of corrections is not exhaustive, however the most
commonly used corrections are wet runway, QNH, air conditioning and/or anti-icing. A maximum of
three corrections can be produced on one chart.
To apply the correction, proceed as follows:
1. Enter the chart with wind and selected configuration. Interpolate for actual takeoff weight. Read
flexible temperature associated with this weight.
2. Apply the first correction:
Apply ΔTflex correction and apply speed corrections (ΔV1/ ΔVR/ ΔV2).
Check that the resulting V2 is higher than the VMU Limited speed (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-25-20
MINIMUM V2 LIMITED BY VMU/VMCA (KT IAS)). If the speed checks are not fulfilled, flexible
takeoff is not possible. Set TOGA thrust and retain the speeds associated with maximum
permissible takeoff weight or the speeds read in the chart of the actual weight if they are all lower.
No speed correction is required for QNH and bleeds influence (Not applicable to maximum takeoff
weight determination).
3. To combine a second and/or a third correction, proceed as per point 2, except that also the
resulting speeds must be checked higher than the minimum speed displayed on the RTOW chart.
4. Check that the final flexible temperature is:
‐ higher than OAT and TREF
‐ limited to TMAXFLEX
If the check is fulfilled, retain final flexible temperature as the one to be inserted in the MCDU.
If the check is not fulfilled, (final flexible temperature lower than OAT or TREF), no flexible
takeoff is possible.
Use TOGA thrust and retain speeds that have been calculated for the maximum permissible
takeoff weight. (Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-14-20 FLEXIBLE TAKEOFF NOT POSSIBLE)
Note: ‐ QNH correction is given for ±10 hPa. It is allowed to extrapolate linearly for greater QNH
deviation.
‐ Corrections from the chart must be applied from top to bottom, i.e. in the RTOW on Refer
to PER-TOF-TOC-10-30 EXAMPLE OF TAKEOFF CHART, apply the wet influence first.
Note: ‐ If asterisk or dotted lines appear in the influence boxes, refer to more conservative
corrections provided in the FCOM.
EXAMPLE 5
DATA : CONF 2
Actual takeoff weight = 75 600 kg
Head wind = 10 kt
WET runway
Air conditioning OFF
QNH = 1 023 hPa
In this example, we will consider CONF 2 as takeoff configuration. But same computation has to
be done in CONF 1 and you must retain the best configuration.
Use the chart:(Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-10-30 EXAMPLE OF TAKEOFF CHART).
Determine the maximum permissible takeoff weight (see example 2). The actual weight being
lower than the maximum one, flexible takeoff is possible.
Enter the 10 kt head wind column and interpolate for 75 600 kg, CONF 2,
Flexible temperature.................................................................................................................. 53 °C
Takeoff speeds are V1 = 149 kt, VR = 150 kt, V2 = 155 kt
Apply WET correction
ΔTflex =...................................................................................................................................... -2 °C
Intermediate flex temperature................................................................................................ = 51 °C
Associated speeds,
V1 = 149 kt – 10 = 139 kt
VR = 150 kt – 1 = 149 kt
V2 = 155 kt – 1 = 154 kt
Check that V2 is higher than the VMU. (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-25-20 MINIMUM V2 LIMITED BY
VMU/VMCA (KT IAS)).
Apply QNH correction
ΔTflex =........................................................................................................................................0 °C
Maximum flexible temperature............................................................................................... = 51 °C
No speed correction is required for QNH and bleed influence.
Takeoff speeds are V1 = 139 kt, VR = 149 kt, V2 = 154 kt
Check that OAT/TREF < flex temperature ≤ TMAXFLEX
TMAXFLEX is specified in LIM-70.
Takeoff Configuration: 1 + F
Tflex V1 VR V2
Chart temperature 53 149 150 155
FCOM correction(s)
Intermediate value 53 149 150 155
WET Correction -2 -10 -1 -1
Intermediate value 51 139 149 154
QNH Correction 0 0 0 0
Final value 51 139 149 154
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
1. Apply corrections from FCOM (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-24 EFFECT OF QNH AND BLEEDS).
2. Apply corrections from the RTOW chart.
Apply speed corrections except for QNH and bleed influences.
EXAMPLE 6
DATA: CONF 2
Actual takeoff weight = 75 600 kg
Head wind = 10 kt
Air conditioning ON
QNH = 1 028 hPa
WET runway
In this example, we will consider CONF 2 as takeoff configuration. But same computation has to
be done in CONF 1 and you must retain the best configuration.
Use the chart (Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-10-20 DESCRIPTION OF THE CORRECTIONS
ON TAKEOFF CHART). Determine the maximum permissible takeoff weight (Refer to
PER-TOF-TOC-12-10 COMBINING CORRECTIONS FROM FCOM AND CHART: example 3).
The actual weight being lower than the maximum one, flexible takeoff is possible.
Enter the 10 kt head wind column and interpolate for 75 600 kg, CONF 2,
Flexible temperature.................................................................................................................. 53 °C
Takeoff speeds are V1 = 149 kt, VR = 150 kt, V2 = 155 kt
First, apply the correction (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-24 EFFECT OF QNH AND BLEEDS).
Flexible temperature with air conditioning OFF.........................................................................53 °C
In some cases when the actual takeoff weight is lower than the maximum permissible takeoff
weight, but the flexible temperature is lower than TREF or OAT, flexible takeoff is not possible. It is
mandatory to use TOGA thrust.
For speed determination:
‐ You can retain the speeds that have been calculated for the maximum permissible takeoff weight;
OR
‐ You can retain the speeds associated with the actual takeoff weight provided they are all lower
than the speeds calculated for the maximum permissible takeoff weight.
If the flexible takeoff is possible, but the flight crew elects to perform the takeoff with TOGA thrust, for
speed determination:
‐ You can retain the speeds that have been calculated for the maximum permissible takeoff weight;
OR
‐ You can retain the speeds associated with the actual takeoff weight provided they are all lower
than the speeds calculated for the maximum permissible takeoff weight.
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-14-30-00006034.0001001 / 24 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE
TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-16-10-00001727.0001001 / 23 JUN 15
Applicable to: ALL
Takeoff optimization is calculated for a given runway and its obstacles and for given conditions of
flap setting, temperature, wind and QNH. The calculation produces a maximum permissible takeoff
weight (or a maximum takeoff temperature for an actual weight).
The takeoff thrust produced by the engine varies as follows :
The optimization process calculates the speeds which will produce the maximum takeoff weight.
To do so, it takes into account the different takeoff limitations such as TOD, ASD, TOR, second
segment..., as shown on the charts below.
On a typical runway, the performance of a twin engine aircraft, is generally limited by the one engine
out operation at takeoff. The optimum V2/VS and optimum V1/VR are consequently unique.
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-16-20-00001728.0003001 / 28 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
The takeoff chart (RTOW : Regulatory Takeoff Weight) is calculated for a specific aircraft version
and for a particular runway specified at the top of the chart. The top of the chart also gives some
information about the runway and lists the calculation assumptions.
The chart is given for 2 different configurations and 4 wind values per configuration. This allows the
crew to select the configuration that gives either :
‐ the highest permissible takeoff weight, or, for a given weight,
‐ the highest flexible temperature.
If different configurations give equivalent performance, the crew should select the configuration
associated with the lowest takeoff speeds.
The left column of the chart contains weight entry. For each weight entry (and for a given
configuration and wind), the chart provides the following information :
Note: The takeoff weight is the sum of the weight entry and the delta weight.
The available limitation codes are :
‐ First segment : 1
‐ Second segment : 2
‐ Runway length : 3
‐ Obstacles : 4
‐ Tire speed : 5
‐ Brake energy : 6
‐ Maximum computation weight : 7
‐ Final takeoff : 8
‐ VMU : 9
Each takeoff chart is computed for a given set of conditions (air conditioning, QNH, anti ice...)
specified at the top of the chart. If the actual takeoff conditions are different, the crew must apply
corrections.
Two types of corrections are available :
‐ Conservative corrections (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-24 EFFECT OF QNH AND BLEEDS) (to be
used when not provided on the chart).
‐ Corrections (less restrictive) listed on the chart, to be applied as explained below.
Note: 1. If the RTOW chart is based on the CG being at 25 %, the crew can find the takeoff
performance at a more forward CG by decreasing the takeoff weight by 1 000 kg
(2 200 lb) and increasing V1, VR and V2 by 1 kt.
2. 25 % CG is the basic certified limit, on which all takeoff computations are based.
To take into account the operational margins, the above penalties must be applied when
operational CG is forward 27 % CG.
TVMC is a temperature value given per column. This is a fictitious value that indicates the
temperature above which the speeds are close to a VMCG/VMCA limitation or are VMCG/VMCA
limited.
Note: The lower two lines may be shaded on certain chart formats.
MINIMUM SPEED
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-16-20-00006634.0001001 / 08 JUL 15
Applicable to: ALL
Minimum V1/VR/V2 due to VMCG/VMCA are provided on the bottom right side of the takeoff chart.
They are only applicable in case of speed corrections.
These speeds are conservative. They may be slightly higher than V1/VR/V2 displayed on the takeoff
chart.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The performance given in the chart is consistent with the flight path specified for the aircraft with one
engine out and takes into account significant obstacles.
When the procedure to be followed is not the standard instrument departure, the chart describes a
specific procedure (EOSID).
When the specified procedure requires a turn, except if otherwise stated on the RTOW chart, the turn
should be performed with a maximum bank of 15 ° until the aircraft reaches 1 500 ft or until green
dot.
The acceleration height (or altitude) ensures that the net flight path clears the highest obstacle by
at least 35 ft when accelerating in level flight to green dot speed after an engine failure, in the most
adverse conditions.
Takeoff charts computed for wet runway with a 15 ft screen height and/or use of reverse thrust may
produce, in some conditions, a maximum takeoff weight (or flexible temperature) higher than that
obtained for a dry runway. It is thus mandatory to compare both charts (dry and wet) and retain the
lower of the two weights (or flexible temperature) and the associated speeds determined for a wet
runway.
Note: The crew need not compare the charts if the top of the wet runway chart specifies “DRY
CHECK”. (The comparison has already been inserted in the WET runway calculation).
RTOW EXAMPLE
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-16-30-00014719.0001001 / 29 JUL 16
Applicable to: ALL
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-18-10-00001734.0002001 / 10 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
The takeoff chart is computed for a given runway under a set of conditions, which are :
‐ OAT
‐ Wind
‐ Configuration
‐ QNH, air conditioning, anti ice...
Two configurations are produced on the chart. This enables the crew to select that giving the highest
permissible takeoff weight.
In case of equivalent performance, retain the configuration giving the lower takeoff speeds.
MTOW DETERMINATION
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-18-10-00013648.0002001 / 01 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
Enter the chart with the given configuration and actual wind column reading the temperature value.
This temperature value stands for the OAT. Read the maximum takeoff weight corresponding to
the actual OAT. Note that it is allowed to interpolate between two consecutive lines to obtain the
maximum takeoff weight.
It is reminded that the takeoff weight is the sum of the weight entry and the delta weight. Similarly
determine the takeoff speeds associated with the maximum takeoff weight.
In some cases, it may happen that the first temperature value (displayed for the highest weight entry)
is higher than OAT. In this case, it is allowed to extrapolate the weight value to avoid unnecessary
penalty. Use the Grad 1/Grad 2 gradients provided at the bottom of the corresponding column.
CORRECTION TO WEIGHT
Grad 1/Grad 2 are gradients provided for both sides of the flat rating temperature (TREF).
Grad 1 applies to temperatures below TREF and Grad 2 applies above TREF.
Read the lowest temperature of the column (corresponding to the highest weight entry).
Note: Use the weight gradients only to extrapolate above the maximum weight shown in the
RTOW chart. They are not valid for interpolation between two boxes, between filled
boxes or between one filled and one blank box.
Repeat the above process for the other available configuration and retain the configuration giving
the highest takeoff weight.
Retain the maximum takeoff weight, associated configuration and speeds from above.
For conditions different from those of the chart, apply relevant corrections.
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
Corrections are given for QNH ≠ 1 013 hPa, air conditioning ON, anti ice ON.
1. For the given wind and temperature conditions, determine the maximum takeoff weight.
2. Apply the published weight correction(s) to the maximum takeoff weight (for each correction) to
determine the maximum permissible takeoff weight.
3. Read the speeds associated with the maximum permissible takeoff weight by entering the chart in
the wind column with the retained weight value.
EXAMPLE A
DATA : OAT = 25 °C
Head Wind = 10 kt
Air conditioning ON
QNH = 1 013 hPa
Use the chart from (Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-16-30 RTOW EXAMPLE).
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
(Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-16-30 RTOW EXAMPLE).
A description of this correction is given in PER-TOF-TOC-16-20 (Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-16-20
DESCRIPTION OF THE CORRECTIONS ON TAKEOFF CHART). The list of corrections is not
exhaustive, however the most commonly used corrections are wet runway, QNH, air conditioning
and/or anti ice. A maximum of three corrections can be produced on one chart.
To apply the corrections, proceed as follows:
1. Determine the maximum takeoff weight before correction for the given OAT and wind condition.
2. Apply the first correction:
If OAT is less than or equal to TVMC (line 3), apply ΔW correction from line 1 and ΔV1/ΔVR/ΔV2
corrections from line 2.
Else, (for OAT greater than TVMC), apply ΔW correction from line 3 and ΔV1/ΔVR/ΔV2 corrections
from line 4.
3. To combine a second (and third, as applicable) correction:
If OAT is less than or equal to TVMC (line 3), apply ΔW correction from line 1 and ΔV1/ΔVR/ΔV2
corrections from line 2.
Check that the resulting speeds are higher than the minimum speeds displayed on the RTOW
chart and that V2 is higher than the VMU limited speed (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-25-20 MINIMUM
V2 LIMITED BY VMU/VMCA (KT IAS)).
If OAT is higher than TVMC (line 3) or if the above speed check is not fulfilled, apply ΔW correction
from line 3 and ΔV1/ΔVR/ΔV2 corrections from line 4. No speed check is required.
Note: ‐ QNH correction is given for ±10 hPa. It is allowed to extrapolate linearly for greater QNH
deviation.
‐ When using a takeoff chart with failure cases, it is not allowed to combine two failure
cases.
‐ Corrections from the chart must be applied from top to bottom, i.e. in the RTOW (Refer to
PER-TOF-TOC-16-30 RTOW EXAMPLE), apply the wet correction first.
‐ If asterisk or dotted lines appear in the correction boxes, refer to more conservative
corrections provided in the FCOM.
‐ No speed check is required for the first correction. However, if the first influence
correction follows a conservative FCOM correction, a speed check is required.
EXAMPLE B
DATA :
CONF 1+F
OAT = 45 °C
Head wind = 10 kt
QNH = 998 hPa
WET runway
In this example, we will consider CONF 1+F as takeoff configuration. But same computation has to
be done in CONF 2 and you must retain the best configuration.
Use the chart Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-16-30 RTOW EXAMPLE).
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
Proceed as follows:
1. Determine the maximum takeoff weight by entering the chart with selected configuration, OAT and
wind.
2. Apply corrections from FCOM to determine an intermediate weight. Interpolate associated speeds
for intermediate weight in the same column (same wind and configuration).
3. Apply corrections from RTOW chart as explained above.
EXAMPLE C
DATA : OAT = 25 °C
CONF 1+F
Head wind = 10 kt
Air conditioning ON
QNH = 998 hPa
WET runway
In this example, we will consider CONF 1+F as takeoff configuration. But same computation has to
be done in CONF 2 and you must retain the best configuration.
1. Use the chart (Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-16-30 RTOW EXAMPLE).
EXTRAPOLATION
EXTRAPOLATION
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-18-20-00001740.0002001 / 08 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
For OAT lower than the lowest temperature value of a wind column, it is possible to obtain a higher
maximum permissible takeoff weight by using Grad 1/Grad 2 values. Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-18-10
MTOW DETERMINATIONfor more details.
The maximum structural takeoff weight is a weight limitation depending on the aircraft. This limitation
is provided in the Flight Manual and in the limitation chapter (Refer to LIM-AG-WGHT Weight
Limitations).
Compare the maximum structural takeoff weight to the maximum permissible takeoff weight
computed for given conditions and retain the lower of the two values.
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-18-40-00006114.0001001 / 17 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-20-10-00013509.0002001 / 23 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
Before determining the flexible temperature, calculate the maximum permissible takeoff weight (see
previous section) and ensure that the actual takeoff weight is lower than the determined maximum
takeoff weight.
‐ For a given configuration and wind value, enter the RTOW chart with the actual takeoff weight
to read the flexible temperature and associated speeds. It is reminded that the takeoff weight is
the sum of the weight entry and the delta weight displayed in each box. It is allowed to interpolate
between two consecutive rows and/or columns for weight and for wind values not displayed on the
chart.
‐ Repeat this process for the other configuration available. Select that configuration giving the
highest flexible temperature.
When the takeoff conditions are different from those provided on the chart, apply the associated
corrections.
Note: ‐ If the RTOW chart is based on the CG being at 25 %, the crew can determine the flexible
temperature at a more forward CG by decreasing the flexible temperature by 2 °C. V1,
VR and V2 must be increased by 1 kt.
‐ 25 % CG is the basic certified limit, on which all takeoff computation are based. To
take into account the operational margins, the above penalties must be applied when
operational CG is forward 27 %CG.
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
Corrections are given for QNH ≠ 1 013 hPa, air conditioning ON, anti ice ON.
1. For a given takeoff weight and wind condition, read the flexible temperature. Retain the takeoff
speeds associated with the actual weight.
2. Apply the published temperature correction. To combine two or more corrections, add the different
corrections and apply to temperature value.
(No speed corrections required).
EXAMPLE D
DATA : Actual takeoff weight = 68 000 kg
Head wind = 10 kt
Air conditioning ON
QNH = 1 013 hPa
Use the chart from Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-16-30 RTOW EXAMPLE. Determine the maximum
permissible takeoff weight. The actual weight being lower than the maximum one, flexible takeoff
is possible.
Enter the 10 kt head wind column and interpolate for 68 000 kg, CONF 1 + F,
Flexible temperature.................................................................................................................. 67 °C
Enter the 10 kt head wind column and interpolate for 68 000 kg, CONF 2,
Flexible temperature.................................................................................................................. 66 °C
Retain CONF 1 + F for takeoff configuration.
Takeoff speeds are V1 = 153 kt, VR = 153 kt, V2 = 154 kt
Flexible temperature with air conditioning OFF.........................................................................67 °C
Use the QNH/BLEEDS corrections (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-24 EFFECT OF QNH AND BLEEDS):
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
A description of this correction is given on Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-16-20 CORRECTIONS DUE TO
DIFFERENT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS. The list of corrections is not exhaustive, however the most
commonly used corrections are wet runway, QNH, air conditioning and/or anti-icing. A maximum of
three corrections can be produced on one chart.
To apply the correction, proceed as follows:
1. Enter the chart with selected configuration, wind and actual takeoff weight to read the flexible
temperature associated with this weight.
2. Apply the first correction:
If the flexible temperature is less than or equal to TVMC (line 3), apply ΔTflex correction from line 1
and apply speed corrections (ΔV1/ΔVR/ΔV2) from line 2.
Else, (flexible temperature greater than TVMC), apply ΔTflex from line 3 and ΔV1/ ΔVR/ ΔV2
corrections from line 4.
Check V2 against VMU limitation (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-25-20 MINIMUM V2 LIMITED BY
VMU/VMCA (KT IAS)). If V2 is lower than V2 limited by VMU, flexible takeoff is not possible. Set
TOGA thrust and retain the speeds associated with maximum permissible takeoff weight or the
speeds read in the chart for the actual weight if they are all lower.
No speed correction is required for QNH and bleeds influence (Not applicable to maximum takeoff
weight determination).
3. To combine a second and/or a third correction, proceed as per point 2.
4. Check that the final flexible temperature is:
‐ Higher than OAT and TREF
‐ Limited to TMAX FLEX
If the check is fulfilled, retain final flexible temperature as the one to be inserted in the MCDU
If the check is not fulfilled, (final flexible temperature lower than OAT or TREF), no flexible
takeoff is possible.
Use TOGA thrust and retain speeds that have been calculated for the maximum permissible
takeoff weight. (Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-20-20 FLEXIBLE TAKEOFF NOT POSSIBLE)
Note: ‐ QNH correction is given for ± 10 hPa . It is allowed to extrapolate linearly for greater
QNH deviation.
‐ Corrections from the chart must be applied from the top to bottom, i.e in the RTOW on
Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-16-30 RTOW EXAMPLE, apply the wet influence first
Note: ‐ When the flexible temperature is higher than TVMC, it is allowed to limit the flexible
temperature to TVMC and apply only corrections from lines 1 and 2.
‐ If asterisk or dotted lines appear in the correction boxes, refer to more conservative
corrections provided in the FCOM.
EXAMPLE E
DATA : CONF 1+F
Actual takeoff weight = 68 000 kg
Head wind = 10 kt
QNH = 998 hPa
WET runway
Air conditioning OFF
In this example, we will consider CONF 1+F as takeoff configuration. But same computation has to
be done in CONF 2 and you must retain the best configuration.
Use the chart from Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-16-30 RTOW EXAMPLE.
Determine the maximum permissible takeoff weight.
The actual weight being lower than the maximum one, flexible takeoff is possible.
Enter the 10 kt head wind column and interpolate for 68 000 kg, CONF 1+F,
Flexible temperature.................................................................................................................. 67 °C
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
1. Apply corrections from FCOM (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-24 EFFECT OF QNH AND BLEEDS).
2. Apply corrections from the RTOW chart.
Apply speed corrections except for QNH and bleed influences.
EXAMPLE F
DATA : Actual takeoff weight = 68 000 kg
CONF 1+F
Head wind = 10 kt
Air conditioning ON
QNH = 998 hPa
WET runway
In this example, we will consider CONF 1+F as takeoff configuration. But same computation has to
be done in CONF 2 and you must retain the best configuration.
Use the chart (Refer to PER-TOF-TOC-16-30 RTOW EXAMPLE).
Determine the maximum permissible takeoff weight (see example C). The actual weight being
lower than the maximum one, flexible takeoff is possible.
‐ Enter the 10 kt head wind column and interpolate for 68 000 kg, CONF 1+F,
Flexible temperature.............................................................................................................. 67 °C
‐ Takeoff speeds are V1 = 153 kt, VR = 153 kt, V2 = 154 kt
‐ First, apply the correction from FCOM (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-24 EFFECT OF QNH AND
BLEEDS).
In some cases when the actual takeoff weight is lower than the maximum permissible one but no
flexible takeoff possible (that is flexible temperature lower than TREF or OAT):
‐ It is mandatory to use TOGA thrust
‐ You can retain the speeds that have been calculated for the maximum permissible takeoff weight;
OR
‐ You can retain the speeds associated with the actual takeoff weight provided they are all lower
than the speeds calculated for the maximum permissible takeoff weight.
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOC-20-30-00013282.0001001 / 24 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
Note: ‐ For high altitude operation, REFER TO PER-TOF-TOD-24 EFFECT OF QNH AND
BLEEDS FOR HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS (if applicable).
Note: For high altitude operation, REFER TO PER-TOF-TOD-24 EFFECT OF QNH FOR HIGH
ALTITUDE OPERATIONS (if applicable).
EXAMPLE
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOD-24-00014726.0001001 / 29 JAN 19
Applicable to: ALL
Read in the above table the corrections for high QNH and engine anti ice ON.
QNH correction: 120 kg x (1013 - 998) = 1 800 kg
Engine anti ice correction: No correction.
The maximum permissible takeoff weight is 73 000 - 1800 - 0 = 71 200 kg
EXAMPLE 2 - FLEXIBLE THRUST TAKEOFF
Actual data : OAT = 5 °C
QNH = 1 004 hPa
Anti ice OFF
Air conditioning ON
TOW = 65 000 kg
Flexible temperature read on the takeoff chart: TFLEX = 55 °C.
Read TREF on the takeoff chart or on the quick reference table.
Read in the above table the correction for QNH and air conditioning ON:
QNH correction = 1 °C / 3 hPa × (1 004 - 1 013) = -3 °C
Air conditioning ON correction: -3 °C
New flexible temperature = 55 - 3 - 3 = 49 °C
Check that the flexible temperature is above TREF and actual OAT.
Check that the flexible temperature is less than the maximum flexible temperature.
EFFECT OF QNH AND BLEEDS FOR HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS (ABOVE 9200 FT)
Ident.: PER-TOF-TOD-24-00012926.0240001 / 23 JUN 15
Applicable to: MSN 08006-08539
Check that the flexible temperature is less than the maximum flexible temperature and retain the
lower of the two.
All takeoff speeds have a minimum value limited by control. These minimum speeds are usually
provided on each RTOW chart. If these speeds are not available, use the following conservative
values. These speeds may be slightly higher than the minimum control speeds displayed on the
RTOW chart.
MINIMUM V1 (KT IAS)
PRESSURE ALTITUDE (FT)
CONF
-2000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 9200 14000 15000
1+F 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 109 106 94 94
2 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 109 106 94 94
3 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 109 106 94 94
MINIMUM VR (KT IAS)
PRESSURE ALTITUDE (FT)
CONF
-2000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 9200 14000 15000
1+F 122 122 121 121 120 120 119 117 115 108 106
2 122 122 121 121 120 120 119 117 115 108 106
3 122 122 121 121 120 120 119 117 115 108 106
MINIMUM V2 (KT IAS)
PRESSURE ALTITUDE (FT)
CONF
-2000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 9200 14000 15000
1+F 126 125 125 124 124 123 122 120 118 110 108
2 126 125 125 124 124 123 122 120 118 110 108
3 125 124 124 123 123 122 121 119 117 109 107
All takeoff speeds have a minimum value limited by control. These minimum speeds are usually
provided on each RTOW chart. If these speeds are not available, use the following conservative
values. These speeds may be slightly higher than the minimum control speeds displayed on the
RTOW chart.
MINIMUM V1 (KT IAS)
PRESSURE ALTITUDE (FT)
CONF
-1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 9200 14100
1+F 117 117 116 116 114 113 110 108 106 100
2 115 115 114 114 112 111 108 106 104 98
3 115 114 114 113 112 111 108 105 104 98
MINIMUM VR (KT IAS)
PRESSURE ALTITUDE (FT)
CONF
-1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 9200 14100
1+F 121 120 120 119 118 116 113 111 109 102
2 119 118 118 117 116 115 111 109 107 100
3 119 118 117 117 115 114 111 108 107 99
MINIMUM V2 (KT IAS)
PRESSURE ALTITUDE (FT)
CONF
-1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 9200 14100
1+F 124 123 122 122 120 119 116 113 111 103
2 124 123 123 122 121 119 116 113 111 103
3 124 123 123 122 121 119 116 113 111 103
V2 LIMITED BY VMU/VMCA
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-TOF-CTA-10-00001781.0001001 / 05 MAR 19
Applicable to: ALL
This section presents the recommendations of Airbus for operations from wet runways or from
runways which are covered with contaminants such as standing water, slush or snow.
DEFINITIONS
Ident.: PER-TOF-CTA-20-00001782.0001001 / 04 JUN 19
Applicable to: ALL
DAMP : A runway is considered as damp, when the surface of the runway is not
dry, but the water on the surface does not cause a shiny appearance.
WET : A runway is considered as wet, when the surface of the runway has a
shiny appearance due to a thin film of water. When this film does not
exceed 3 mm, there is no significant danger of hydroplaning.
FROST : The deposit of ice crystals on the runway is referred to as frost. The
direct sublimation of humidity contained in the air on a runway, when the
surface temperature is below freezing, causes frost.
COMPACTED SNOW : The maintenance personnel use a snow groomer to compress snow on
a runway in order to obtain a hard surface.
SLIPPERY WET : Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) report a runway as "slippery wet", when
the runway partially or entirely fails to satisfy the minimum (regulatory)
friction requirement of the responsible authority.
DRY SNOW : Dry snow is snow that, if compacted by hand, does not stay compressed
when released. The wind can blow dry snow. The density of dry snow is
approximately 0.2 kg/l (1.7 lb/US Gal).
WET SNOW : Wet snow is snow that, if compacted by hand, stays compressed when
released, and with which snowballs can be created. The density of wet
snow is approximately 0.4 kg/l (3.35 lb/US Gal).
STANDING WATER : Standing water occurs due to heavy rain and/or insufficient runway
drainage with a depth of more than 3 mm.
SLUSH : Slush is snow soaked with water, which spatters when stepped on
firmly. Slush occurs at temperatures around 5 °C and has a density of
approximately 0.85 kg/l (7.1 lb/US Gal).
ICE (Cold and Dry) : Situation in which ice occurs on the runway in cold and dry conditions.
WET ICE : When the ice on a runway melts, or there are loose/fluid contaminants
on top of the ice, the ice is referred to as "wet ice". When there is wet ice
on a runway, braking and directional control are difficult or not possible,
because the runway surface is very slippery.
EQUIVALENCES
Ident.: PER-TOF-CTA-20-00014919.0002001 / 21 JUL 14
Applicable to: ALL
For the below-listed reported contaminants, the following equivalent runway conditions can be
retained for the takeoff performance determination.
Reported contaminant
Equivalent Runway Condition
Type of contaminant Depth of contaminant
Slush
Water
≤ 3 mm (1/8 in) Wet
Wet snow
Dry snow
RESTRICTIONS
Ident.: PER-TOF-CTA-20-00023091.0001001 / 29 NOV 19
Applicable to: ALL
OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
Ident.: PER-TOF-CTA-30-00001783.0001001 / 14 SEP 18
Applicable to: ALL
Performance penalties for takeoff as published in this section are computed with the
following assumptions :
‐ The contaminant is in a layer of uniform depth and density over the entire length of the runway.
‐ Antiskid and spoilers are operative.
‐ The friction coefficient is based on studies and checked by actual tests.
‐ The screen height at the end of takeoff segment is 15 ft, not 35 ft.
In addition, for contaminated runways only :
‐ There is drag due to rolling resistance of the wheels.
‐ There is drag due to spray on the airframe and gears.
‐ Reverse thrust is used for the deceleration phase.
‐ Maximum thrust is used for takeoff.
Note: The gross flight path clears close-in obstacles by 15 ft instead of 35 ft.
TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE
TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE
Ident.: PER-TOF-CTA-40-10-00013660.0001001 / 04 MAR 11
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
CAUTION The method is based on the use of the RTOW charts established at optimum V2/VS
and optimum V1/VR. The method should not be used with takeoff charts computed
for other conditions. All tables have been established for TOGA (and Flexible
Takeoff for wet runways). Do not use them for Derated thrust.
Correct the determined maximum takeoff weight on dry runway to take into account QNH and bleed
effects, then apply the corrections given on the following pages.
Note: 1. On contaminated runway, in some cases, no MTOW can be determined with this method
(box dashed below a given weight). A specific RTOW chart must then be computed.
2. The published corrections are valid for charts calculated with forward CG and basic CG.
TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE
Ident.: PER-TOF-CTA-40-10-00013660.0003001 / 23 JUN 15
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
CAUTION The method is based on the use of the RTOW charts established at optimum V2/VS
and optimum V1/VR. In addition, when applying corrections for a wet runway, the
RTOW charts should also have been established with V1 min (minimum V1 of the
V1 range). The method should not be used with takeoff charts computed for other
conditions. All tables have been established for TOGA (and Flexible Takeoff for wet
runways). Do not use them for Derated thrust.
Correct the determined maximum takeoff weight on dry runway to take into account QNH and bleed
effects, then apply the corrections given on the following pages.
Note: 1. The results obtained with this method may be different from the influence given at the
bottom of the RTOW chart.
2. On contaminated runway, in some cases, no MTOW can be determined with this method
(box dashed below a given weight). A specific RTOW chart must then be computed.
3. The published corrections are valid for charts calculated with forward CG and basic CG.
HOW TO PROCEED
Ident.: PER-TOF-CTA-40-20-00012966.0004001 / 24 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
1. Determine the maximum takeoff weight or flexible temperature and associated speeds on dry
runway.
2. Two sets of tables are given depending on the use of thrust reversers and the presence of
clearway. Select the table to use as applicable to your case.
The runway length in the table corresponds to the available takeoff run (TORA).
3. Apply the corrections shown in the table to the maximum takeoff weight or flexible temperature
and associated speeds determined on dry runway.
4. Check that takeoff speeds are greater than the minimum values shown on the RTOW chart.
If one or more speeds are lower than these minimum values, apply the following procedure :
‐ Actual TOW = maximum TOW
• If V1 is lower than the minimum V1 (V1 limited by VMCG), take this last value as V1 and
further decrease weight by 3 000 kg (6 600 lb ) per knot difference between them. Check that
VR and V2 are higher than or equal to the minimum values.
• If VR or/and V2 falls below the minimum values, takeoff is not possible.
‐ Actual TOW lower than maximum TOW
• If V1 corresponding to actual TOW is lower than the minimum V1 (V1 limited by VMCG) :
▪ If maximum TOW has a V1 equal to or above minimum V1, retain minimum V1 as V1 and
decrease the flexible temperature by 4 °C per knot difference between them.
▪ In the rare case when the V1 corresponding to maximum TOW falls below the minimum
V1, decrease maximum TOW by 3 000 kg (6 600 lb ) per knot difference between them.
Limit the actual TOW to the value found after this decrement. Take V1 equal to minimum
V1 and decrease the flexible temperature by 4 °C per knot difference between this last
value and the V1 corresponding to the actual TOW. Check that VR and V2 are higher than
or equal to the minimum values.
• If VR or V2 corresponding to actual TOW falls below the minimum values, and if VR and V2
corresponding to maximum TOW are above the minimum values, retain the minimum speed
value for VR and V2.
5. Check that V2 is above the minimum V2 value due to VMU (Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-25-10
SPEEDS LIMITED BY VMCG/VMCA).
6. Check that the corrected flexible temperature is higher than OAT and Tref.
Note: ‐ Do not extrapolate below the shortest runway length provided in the table.
‐ If no minimum speed value is available, use the conservative values provided on Refer to
PER-TOF-TOD-25-10 SPEEDS LIMITED BY VMCG/VMCA.
TAKEOFF
1+F 2 3
CONFIGURATION
RUNWAY LENGTH
(m) 2 500 3 000 3 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 2 000 2 500 3 000
(ft) 8 000 10 000 11 500 6 500 8 000 10 000 6 500 8 000 10 000
and above and above and above
FLEX TO
Temperature 9 9 36 33 11 50 27 7 50
decrement (°C)
MAX TO Weight
decrement (1 000 kg) 3.3 3.9 8.8 10.4 3.8 15.5 9.5 2.4 14.0
(1 000 lb) 7.3 8.6 19.4 22.9 8.4 34.2 20.9 5.3 30.8
V1 decrement (kt) 15 14 0 13 14 6 12 14 7
VR and V2
2 3 6 9 1 7 0 2 9
decrement (kt)
TAKEOFF
1+F 2 3
CONFIGURATION
RUNWAY LENGTH
(m) 2 500 3 000 3 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 2 000 2 500 3 000
(ft) 8 000 10 000 11 500 6 500 8 000 10 000 6 500 8 000 10 000
and above and above and above
FLEX TO
Temperature 10 12 6 19 10 7 38 12 7
decrement (°C)
MAX TO Weight
decrement (1 000 kg) 3.5 5.5 2.7 6.2 4.1 3.0 15.5 4.5 3.0
(1 000 lb) 7.8 12.2 5.9 13.7 9.1 6.7 34.2 10.0 6.7
V1 decrement (kt) 16 14 15 15 13 13 10 14 13
VR and V2
2 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 2
decrement (kt)
TAKEOFF
1+F 2 3
CONFIGURATION
RUNWAY LENGTH
(m) 2 500 3 000 3 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 2 000 2 500 3 000
(ft) 8 000 10 000 11500 6 500 8 000 10 000 6 500 8 000 10 000
and above and above and above
FLEX TO Temperature
4 3 31 10 4 50 7 4 26
decrement (°C)
MAX TO Weight
decrement (1000 kg) 1.4 1.2 9 3 1.2 8.0 2.2 1.3 5.0
(1000 lb) 3.1 2.7 19.8 6.6 2.7 17.6 4.9 2.9 11
V1 decrement (kt) 10 11 0 8 8 3 8 8 5
VR and V2
1 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 6
decrement (kt)
TAKEOFF
1+F 2 3
CONFIGURATION
RUNWAY LENGTH
(m) 2500 3000 3500 2000 2500 3000 1750 2000 2500
(ft) 8000 10000 11500 6500 8000 10000 5750 6500 8000
and above and above and above
FLEX TO Temperature
14 7 7 5 4 5 6 5 5
decrement (°C)
MAX TO Weight
decrement (1000 kg) 5.3 3.2 3.1 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.4 1.9 2.0
(1000 lb) 11.8 7.1 6.9 3.3 3.4 4.5 5.3 4.2 4.5
V1 decrement (kt) 8 8 8 9 9 8 8 8 8
VR and V2
4 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 5
decrement (kt)
TAKEOFF
1+F 2 3
CONFIGURATION
RUNWAY LENGTH
(m) 2 500 3 000 3 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 2 000 2 500 3 000
(ft) 8 000 10 000 11 500 6 500 8 000 10 000 6 500 8 000 10 000
and above and above and above
FLEX TO
Temperature 18 22 50 36 24 50 50 24 50
decrement (°C)
MAX TO Weight
decrement
(1 000 kg) 5.5 11.5 16 10.4 8.7 17 16.9 10.5 4.5
(1 000 lb) 12.2 25.4 35.3 22.9 19.2 37.5 37.3 23.2 10.0
V1 decrement (kt) 15 10 4 11 10 6 9 10 13
VR and V2
4 10 4 2 2 10 0 2 2
decrement (kt)
TAKEOFF
1+F 2 3
CONFIGURATION
RUNWAY LENGTH
(m) 2500 3000 3500 2000 2500 3000 1750 2000 2500
(ft) 8000 10000 11500 6500 8000 10000 5750 6500 8000
and above and above and above
FLEX TO Temperature
19 13 7 23 16 9 33 10 6
decrement (°C)
MAX TO Weight
decrement (1000 kg) 9.5 6.5 3.1 11.8 8.2 4.3 17.0 5.0 2.8
(1000 lb) 21.0 14.4 6.9 26.1 18.1 9.5 37.5 11.0 6.2
V1 decrement (kt) 13 13 13 12 11 12 8 13 13
VR and V2
0 0 1 0 0 9 0 4 6
decrement (kt)
TAKEOFF
1+F 2 3
CONFIGURATION
RUNWAY LENGTH
(m) 2 500 3 000 3 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 2 000 2 500 3 000
(ft) 8 000 10 000 11 500 6 500 8 000 10 000 6 500 8 000 10 000
and above and above and above
FLEX TO Temperature
27 21 50 16 10 50 16 8 50
decrement (°C)
MAX TO Weight
decrement (1 000 kg) 8.5 10.8 8.1 4.6 3.4 13.7 5.0 3.3 14
(1 000 lb) 18.8 23.8 17.9 10.2 7.5 30.2 11.1 7.3 30.9
V1 decrement (kt) 10 2 0 8 8 0 8 9 0
VR and V2
2 2 0 2 2 5 2 3 5
decrement (kt)
TAKEOFF
1+F 2 3
CONFIGURATION
RUNWAY LENGTH
(m) 2500 3000 3500 2000 2500 3000 1750 2000 2500
(ft) 8000 10000 11500 6500 8000 10000 5750 6500 8000
and above and above and above
FLEX TO Temperature
14 6 1 7 9 6 11 10 5
decrement (°C)
MAX TO Weight
decrement (1000 kg) 6.9 3.0 0.1 3.5 4.2 3.0 5.7 5.2 2.2
(1000 lb) 15.3 6.6 0.3 7.7 9.3 6.7 12.6 11.5 4.9
V1 decrement (kt) 9 8 9 8 6 7 7 7 8
VR and V2
0 0 1 3 0 8 0 0 6
decrement (kt)
EXAMPLE
DATA
The following data and graph are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the
data in the following example is in "kg" and "m", the same method can be applied for "lb" and "ft".
Runway length : 3 000 m, OAT = 36 °C, no wind, CONF 1+F
Determine maximum takeoff weight on dry runway from RTOW chart (Refer to
PER-TOF-TOC-10-30 EXAMPLE OF TAKEOFF CHART).
Maximum TOW = 80 100 kg, V1 = 153 kt, VR = 156 kt, V2 = 158 kt.
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
With no thrust reversers operating and assuming that no clearway was used to compute the dry
RTOW chart, use the table Refer to PER-TOF-CTA-40-20 NO THRUST REVERSERS OPERATIVE
(NO CLEARWAY).
PERFORMANCE
FLIGHT PLANNING
Intentionally left blank
PERFORMANCE
FLIGHT PLANNING
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PER-FPL-GEN GENERAL
PER-FPL-GEN-MFR MINIMUM RECOMMENDED FUEL REQUIREMENTS
MINIMUM RECOMMENDED FUEL REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................... A
PER-FPL-FLP-QFP-30 EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE................................................................................................................................................................ A
PER-FPL-FLP-ALN ALTERNATE
PER-FPL-FLP-ALN-20 ALL ENGINES OPERATIVE
GENERAL................................................................................................................................................................ A
CORRECTION FOR DEVIATION FROM REFERENCE WEIGHT......................................................................... B
ALTERNATE PLANNING ISA................................................................................................................................. C
The total fuel quantity required to fly a given sector is the sum of the following quantities:
TAXI FUEL
Quantity required for startup and taxi. Fuel calculation is based on a consumption of 11.5 kg/min or
25 lb/min
Average quantity (12 min) → 140 kg or 300 lb
TRIP FUEL
Fuel required from departure to destination includes the following quantities:
‐ Takeoff and climb at selected speed.
‐ Cruise at selected speed.
‐ Descent from cruising level to 1 500 ft above destination airport.
‐ Approach and landing. Fuel calculation is based on a consumption of 20 kg/min or 45 lb/min
Average quantity (6 min IFR) →120 kg or 270 lb
RESERVE FUEL
This quantity includes :
“EN ROUTE” RESERVE FUEL (CONTINGENCY FUEL)
• According to national regulations and company policy (generally based on a percentage of
trip fuel).
ALTERNATE FUEL
• Fuel required to fly from destination to alternate airport.
It includes go-around 100 kg or 220 lb, climb to cruising level, cruise at long range speed,
descent and approach procedure.
80 kg or 180 lb for 4 min VFR
HOLDING FUEL
Calculation of holding fuel should take into account the altitude of the alternate and the landing
weight at the alternate. To use holding charts Refer to PER-HLD-GEN GENERAL.
A conservative quantity corresponding to a 30 min holding at 1 500 ft above alternate airport
elevation at “green dot” speed in the clean configuration is 1 200 kg or 2 700 lb
APU FUEL
During ground operations, APU fuel consumption is about 130 kg/h or 290 lb/h (Packs ON,
90 KVA load on APU GEN).
FLIGHT PLAN
Ident.: PER-FPL-GEN-FPL-00001835.0001001 / 22 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
When no precalculated flight plan is available, flight planning can be determined by using the tables
given in this chapter.
Fuel policy will be the same as for precalculated flight plan.
The graph on the following page defines the different terms used in this chapter.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Ident.: PER-FPL-FLP-QFP-10-00001827.0001001 / 25 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
The following flight planning tables allow the planner to determine trip fuel consumption and trip time
required to cover a given air distance.
These tables are established for:
‐ Takeoff
‐ Climb profile 250 kt/300 kt/M 0.78
‐ Cruise Mach number M 0.78/LR
‐ Descent profile M 0.78/300 kt/250 kt
‐ Approach and landing 120 kg - 6 min IFR
‐ ISA
‐ CG = 33 %
‐ Normal air conditioning
‐ Anti ice OFF
They are based upon a reference landing weight of 55 000 kg.
Note: 1. In the tables, the asterisk (*) means that a step climb of 4 000 ft must be flown to reach
the corresponding FL.
2. To obtain a flight plan at optimum cruise level, the highest flight level desired within the
flight has to be selected in the table.
3. For each degree Celcius above ISA temperature apply fuel correction 0.015 (kg/°C/NM)
× ΔISA (°C) × Air Distance (NM).
The fuel consumption must be corrected when the actual landing weight is different from the
reference landing weight.
If it is lower (or greater) than the reference landing weight, subtract (or add) the value given in the
correction part of the table per 1 000 kg below (or above) the reference landing weight.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
Ident.: PER-FPL-FLP-QFP-30-00014738.0001001 / 04 JUL 17
Applicable to: ALL
INTRODUCTION
This section provides an example explaining step by step how to perform a quick planning.
This example is based on an A320-232 aircraft, which most likely does not reflect your actual
aircraft. Nevertheless, the principle is valid for any aircraft, provided the appropriate performance
tables are used.
For actual calculations, access the appropriate tables corresponding to your current aircraft and
desired flight profile by following the "refer to" indications specified at each step, and do not use
the tables provided in the example.
EXAMPLE
The example is based on the following parameters:
‐ Aircraft used for the example A320-232
‐ Zero Fuel Weight 60 000 kg
‐ Temperature ISA conditions
‐ Air conditioning Normal
‐ Anti-ice Off
‐ Cruise M 0.78 at FL 370
‐ Departure - destination ground distance 1 800 NM
‐ Average wind on the leg to destination -40 kt (headwind)
‐ Reserve fuel 5%
‐ Destination - alternate ground distance 200 NM at FL 200
‐ Average wind on the leg to alternate 0 kt
To calculate the flight plan, it is necessary to start from the minimum landing fuel at the alternate
airport.
1. Determine the 30 minutes holding fuel required at alternate airport (at 1 500 ft AGL).
(Refer to PER-FPL-GEN-MFR MINIMUM RECOMMENDED FUEL REQUIREMENTS for actual
30 min fuel value).
For the example, the conservative value of 1 200 kg is chosen.
The resulting landing weight at alternate is 60 000 + 1 200 = 61 200 kg.
2. Determine time, trip fuel, and fuel correction for the leg from destination to alternate airport:
b. Enter the table with the air distance and desired flight level to obtain time, trip fuel, and fuel
correction.
(Refer to PER-FPL-FLP-QFP-40 FLIGHT PLANNING M.78 for actual M 0.78 table).
For 1 979 NM air distance at FL 370, the interpolation from the M 0.78 table provides 4 h
38 min, 10 226 kg and 146 kg/10 000 kg.
c. Calculate the fuel burn correction regarding the estimated landing weight at the destination
airport.
Table reference weight : 55 000 kg
Estimated landing weight : 62 829 kg
Fuel correction 146 kg per 1 000 kg difference
The extra fuel burn is (62.829 - 55) x 146 = 1 143 kg.
d. Calculate the total trip fuel from departure to destination.
Trip fuel : 10 226 + 1 143 = 11 369 kg
4. Determine the contingency (reserve) fuel.
(Refer to company policy for fuel reserve value).
The five percent of the departure - destination trip fuel is:
11 369 x 0.05 = 568 kg.
5. Determine the taxi fuel at departure.
(Refer to PER-FPL-GEN-MFR MINIMUM RECOMMENDED FUEL REQUIREMENTS for actual
taxi fuel).
For the example, the conservative value of 140 kg (12 min taxi time) is chosen.
6. Calculate the final block fuel.
‐ 30 min holding at alternate (1 500 ft AGL) 1 200 kg
‐ Trip fuel to alternate 1 629 kg
‐ Trip fuel to destination 11 369 kg
‐ Contingency (reserve) fuel 568 kg
‐ Taxi fuel 140 kg
Total block fuel 14 906 kg
Block weight 74 906 kg
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-FPL-FLP-ALN-20-00001832.0008001 / 02 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
The alternate planning tables enable the flight crew to determine the fuel consumption and time
required to cover a given air distance from go-around at destination airport to landing at alternate
airport.
These tables are established for:
‐ Go-around: 100 kg or 220 lb
‐ Climb profile: 250 kt/300 kt/M .78
‐ Long range speed
‐ Descent profile: M .78/300 kt/250 kt
‐ Approach and landing at alternate airport: 80 kg or 180 lb (4 min)
‐ ISA
‐ CG = 33 %
‐ Normal air conditioning
‐ Anti ice OFF
Note: 1. In the tables, the asterisk (*) means that a step climb of 4 000 ft must be flown to reach
the corresponding flight level.
2. The flight level shown on the top of each column is the final flight level.
3. For each degree Celsius above ISA temperature apply a fuel correction of
0.015 (kg/°C/NM) × ΔISA (°C) × Air distance (NM)
or 0.033 (lb/°C/NM) × ΔISA (°C) × Air distance (NM)
The alternate planning tables are based on a reference landing weight at alternate.
The fuel consumption must be corrected when the landing weight is different from the reference
landing weight.
If it is lower (or greater) than the reference weight, subtract (or add) the value given in the correction
part of the table per 1 000 kg or 1 000 lb below (or above) the reference weight.
PERFORMANCE
CLIMB
Intentionally left blank
PERFORMANCE
CLIMB
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PER-CLB-GEN GENERAL
GENERAL................................................................................................................................................................ A
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-CLB-GEN-00001982.0001001 / 15 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
Climb tables are established at MAX CLIMB THRUST with air conditioning in normal mode and anti
ice OFF.
The climb speed profile is :
‐ 250 kt from 1 500 ft up to FL 100
‐ acceleration from 250 kt to 300 kt
‐ climb at 300 kt then M .78 up to selected altitude.
All charts are established with a center of gravity corresponding to 33 %.
PERFORMANCE
CRUISE
Intentionally left blank
PERFORMANCE
CRUISE
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PER-CRZ-ALT ALTITUDE
PER-CRZ-ALT-10 OPTIMUM AND MAXIMUM ALTITUDES
DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................................................................................A
PER-CRZ-ICQ-20 EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE FOR THE QRH USE.............................................................................................................................A
DEFINITIONS
Ident.: PER-CRZ-ALT-10-00001995.0001001 / 22 MAR 17
Applicable to: ALL
• Optimum altitude : the altitude at which the airplane covers the maximum distance per kilogram
(pound) of fuel (best specific range). It depends on the actual weight and the deviation from ISA.
• Maximum altitude is defined as the lower of:
‐ maximum altitude at maximum cruise thrust in level flight and
‐ maximum altitude at maximum climb thrust with 300 ft/min vertical speed.
Refer to QRH/PER-M Optimum & Maximum Altitudes (Paper Only) or use the performance
application of FlySmart with Airbus.
The QRH charts are established for a center of gravity at 33 % MAC.
Maximum and optimum altitudes are given for different temperatures at long range speed and
M 0.78.
Note: 1. The n = 1.3 g (n = 1.4 g) curve indicates the buffet margin.
2. Definition of the maximum altitude in the FMGC is different (Refer to DSC-22_20-50-10
MCDU).
RESULTS : Descent to FL 330 may be considered provided the tail wind at this altitude is more
than (20 - 10) = 10 kt.
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-CRZ-CRT-10-00004112.0002001 / 01 DEC 14
Applicable to: ALL
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-CRZ-ICQ-10-00002036.0001001 / 22 MAR 17
Applicable to: ALL
In cruise, a quick check table (Refer to QRH/PER-M In Cruise Quick Check at a Given Mach Number
(Paper Only) or use the performance application of FlySmart with Airbus) allows the flight crew to
determine the fuel consumption and the time required to cover a given air distance from any moment
in cruise to land.
The QRH table is established for:
‐ Cruise Mach number: M 0.78
‐ Descent profile: M 0.78/300 kt/250 kt
‐ Approach and landing: 120 kg or 270 lb -6 min IMC
‐ ISA
‐ CG = 33 %
‐ Normal air conditioning
‐ Anti ice OFF
Note: 1. In the table, the asterisk “*” means that a step climb of 4 000 ft has been made to reach
the corresponding flight level.
2. The flight level shown on the top of each column is the final flight level.
3. For each degree celsius above ISA apply a fuel correction of
0.005 (kg/°C/NM) × ΔISA (°C) × Air Distance (NM)
or 0.011 (lb/°C/NM) × ΔISA (°C) × Air Distance (NM)
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the data
in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
In-cruise quick check with cruise at M.78
FL 370
Actual cruise weight : 55 000 kg
Remaining ground distance : 800 NM
ISA +10
Average wind during flight : -40 kt (head wind)
‐ Evaluation of air distance to be covered
• Use the “Ground Distance/Air Distance” conversion table (Refer to PER-OPD-CON-AEO M.78)
AIR DISTANCE (NM) - M.78
GROUND TAILWIND WIND COMPONENTS (KT) HEADWIND
DIST. (NM) +150 +100 +50 0 -50 -100 -150
10 7 8 9 10 11 13 15
20 15 16 18 20 23 26 30
30 22 25 27 30 34 39 45
40 30 33 36 40 45 51 60
50 37 41 45 50 56 64 75
100 75 82 90 100 113 129 150
200 150 164 180 200 225 257 300
300 225 245 270 300 338 386 450
400 300 327 360 400 450 514 600
500 375 409 450 500 563 643 750
1000 750 818 900 1000 1125 1286 1501
1500 1125 1227 1350 1500 1688 1929 2251
2000 1500 1636 1800 2000 2250 2572 3001
2500 1875 2045 2250 2500 2813 3215 3752
3000 2250 2454 2700 3000 3375 3858 4502
3500 2624 2863 3150 3500 3938 4501 5252
4000 2999 3272 3600 4000 4500 5144 6003
4500 3374 3681 4050 4500 5063 5787 6753
5000 3749 4090 4500 5000 5626 6430 7503
PERFORMANCE
HOLDING
Intentionally left blank
PERFORMANCE
HOLDING
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PER-HLD-GEN GENERAL
GENERAL................................................................................................................................................................ A
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-HLD-GEN-00002129.0001001 / 01 DEC 14
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
Holding table contains information about the total fuel flow that allows the flight crew to plan holding
and reserve fuel requirements.
It is established for flight in a race track holding pattern in clean configuration at green dot speed.
This chart is established with air conditioning in normal mode and the center of gravity at 33 %.
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-HLD-GEN-00002129.0002001 / 01 DEC 14
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
Holding table contains information about the total fuel flow that allows the flight crew to plan holding
and reserve fuel requirements.
It is established for flight in a race track holding pattern in clean configuration at green dot speed +
20 kt.
This chart is established with air conditioning in normal mode and the center of gravity at 33 %.
PERFORMANCE
DESCENT
Intentionally left blank
PERFORMANCE
DESCENT
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PER-DES-GEN GENERAL
GENERAL................................................................................................................................................................ A
PER-DES-STD STANDARD
DESCENT- M.78/300KT/250KT...............................................................................................................................A
PER-DES-EMG EMERGENCY
EMER Descent........................................................................................................................................................ A
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-DES-GEN-00002131.0001001 / 09 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
Descent tables are established for normal descent speed M .78 / 300 kt /250 kt and emergency
descent at MMO/VMO with airbrakes extended, down to 1 500 ft with :
• Normal air conditioning
• CG = 33 %
• Anti ice OFF
For normal descent, cabin vertical speed is limited to 350 ft/min
DESCENT- M.78/300KT/250KT
Ident.: PER-DES-STD-00002133.0094001 / 16 MAR 15
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
DESCENT- M.78/300KT/250KT
Ident.: PER-DES-STD-00002133.0028001 / 09 DEC 09
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
EMER DESCENT
Ident.: PER-DES-EMG-00002134.0239001 / 21 MAR 17
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
EMER DESCENT
Ident.: PER-DES-EMG-00002134.0011001 / 21 MAR 17
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
PERFORMANCE
GO AROUND
Intentionally left blank
PERFORMANCE
GO AROUND
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PER-GOA-GEN GENERAL
GENERAL................................................................................................................................................................ A
PROCEDURE.......................................................................................................................................................... B
PER-GOA-ACG-CAT CAT II
CAT II - CONF 2..................................................................................................................................................... A
CAT II - CONF 3..................................................................................................................................................... B
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-GOA-GEN-00002140.0001001 / 28 JAN 11
Applicable to: ALL
In the go around configuration corresponding to the all engine procedure, the minimum steady
gradient one engine inoperative required by the regulations is 2.1 % at a speed not exceeding 1.4
Vs. This requirement is also called approach climb performance by regulations.
The following tables allow to determine the go around limiting weight which satisfies the required
gradient with the certified go around configurations 3 and 2.
The required gradient of 2.1 % is considered at the airport reference altitude. The power setting
is “GO AROUND” thrust with the air conditioning ON. The speed is 1.23 Vs of the specified
configuration. For the occasional cases where approach climb performance is found restrictive, a
correction is given for an increased speed, up to 1.4 Vs.
Note: Landing climb performance (2 engines running) is never limiting.
PROCEDURE
Ident.: PER-GOA-GEN-00002141.0021001 / 21 MAR 17
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
According to airport pressure altitude and temperature determine if the slats/flaps setting must be
restricted as a function of the landing weight, in order to meet the go around gradient requirement of
2.1 %.
Establish the final approach configuration with one more step of flaps. If the approach is interrupted,
retract the flaps by one step during the go-around.
In case of category 2 and 3 approaches, AIR OPS requires a regulatory approach climb gradient of
2.5 % to be maintained.
Use the tables for CAT II & III approaches to determine the maximum approach climb limiting weight
according to airport pressure altitude and temperature.
Note: 1. If circumstances dictate, landing may be made at a weight corresponding to the
maximum structural takeoff weight. (Refer to PRO-ABN-MISC [QRH] OVERWEIGHT
LANDING).
2. When icing conditions are predicted during the flight and TAT is 10 °C or below and there
is an evidence of significant ice accretion, to take into account ice formation on the non
heated structure:
‐ Decrease the approach climb limiting weight by 6 %
‐ In CONF FULL, the approach speed must not be lower than VREF +5 kt, or
in CONF 3, the approach speed must not be lower than VLS +10 kt.
For Landing Performance assessment, refer to QRH PER-A.
3. In the following tables corrections for anti ice are only valid for OAT lower than 10 °C.
4. Use the CAT II tables in case of CAT III approach calculation.
PROCEDURE
Ident.: PER-GOA-GEN-00002141.0012001 / 21 MAR 17
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
According to airport pressure altitude and temperature determine if the slats/flaps setting must be
restricted as a function of the landing weight, in order to meet the go around gradient requirement of
2.1 %.
Establish the final approach configuration with one more step of flaps. If the approach is interrupted,
retract the flaps by one step during the go-around.
In case of category 2 and 3 approaches, JAR-OPS requires a regulatory approach climb gradient of
2.5 % to be maintained.
Use the tables for CAT II & III approaches to determine the maximum approach climb limiting weight
according to airport pressure altitude and temperature.
Note: 1. If circumstances dictate, landing may be made at a weight corresponding to the
maximum structural takeoff weight. (Refer to PRO-ABN-MISC [QRH] OVERWEIGHT
LANDING).
2. When icing conditions are predicted during the flight and TAT is 10 °C or below and there
is an evidence of significant ice accretion, to take into account ice formation on the non
heated structure:
‐ Decrease the approach climb limiting weight by 8.0 %
‐ In CONF FULL, the approach speed must not be lower than VREF +5 kt, or
in CONF 3, the approach speed must not be lower than VLS +10 kt.
For Landing Performance assessment, refer to QRH PER-A.
3. In the following tables corrections for anti ice are only valid for OAT lower than 10 °C.
4. Use the CAT II tables in case of CAT III approach calculation.
CONF 2
Ident.: PER-GOA-ACG-NOR-00002142.0638001 / 16 NOV 15
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
CONF 2
Ident.: PER-GOA-ACG-NOR-00002142.0593001 / 21 DEC 12
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
CONF 3
Ident.: PER-GOA-ACG-NOR-00002143.0729001 / 03 JAN 17
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
CONF 3
Ident.: PER-GOA-ACG-NOR-00002143.0673001 / 21 DEC 12
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
CAT II - CONF 2
Ident.: PER-GOA-ACG-CAT-00002144.0393001 / 16 NOV 15
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
CAT II - CONF 2
Ident.: PER-GOA-ACG-CAT-00002144.0347001 / 21 DEC 12
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
CAT II - CONF 3
Ident.: PER-GOA-ACG-CAT-00002145.0465001 / 03 JAN 17
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
CAT II - CONF 3
Ident.: PER-GOA-ACG-CAT-00002145.0407001 / 21 DEC 12
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
PERFORMANCE
LANDING
Intentionally left blank
PERFORMANCE
LANDING
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PER-LDG-GEN GENERAL
GENERAL................................................................................................................................................................ A
DISPATCH............................................................................................................................................................... B
Use of the Autobrake System................................................................................................................................. C
PER-LDG-CTA-20 DEFINITIONS
DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................................................................................A
EQUIVALENCES..................................................................................................................................................... B
RESTRICTIONS...................................................................................................................................................... C
PER-LDG-DIS DISPATCH
PER-LDG-DIS-MAT Runway Condition Assessment Matrix for Landing
Runway Condition Assessment Matrix for Landing.................................................................................................A
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-LDG-GEN-00013287.0001001 / 19 APR 17
Applicable to: ALL
DISPATCH
Ident.: PER-LDG-GEN-00013288.0001001 / 18 MAR 11
Applicable to: ALL
The pilot must check before departure that the available runway length at destination is at least equal
to the required landing distance for the forecasted landing weight.
In case of aircraft system failure affecting landing distance known before the dispatch, the available
runway length must be at least equal to the required landing distance with failure, i.e. the required
landing distance without failure multiplied by the coefficient given in the Flight Manual or the MMEL.
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-LDG-CTA-10-00013002.0001001 / 21 JUL 14
Applicable to: ALL
This section presents the recommendations of Airbus for operations from wet runways or from
runways which are covered with contaminants such as standing water, slush or snow.
DEFINITIONS
Ident.: PER-LDG-CTA-20-00013004.0001001 / 04 JUN 19
Applicable to: ALL
DAMP : A runway is considered as damp, when the surface of the runway is not
dry, but the water on the surface does not cause a shiny appearance.
WET : A runway is considered as wet, when the surface of the runway has a
shiny appearance due to a thin film of water. When this film does not
exceed 3 mm, there is no significant danger of hydroplaning.
FROST : The deposit of ice crystals on the runway is referred to as frost. The
direct sublimation of humidity contained in the air on a runway, when the
surface temperature is below freezing, causes frost.
COMPACTED SNOW : The maintenance personnel use a snow groomer to compress snow on
a runway in order to obtain a hard surface.
SLIPPERY WET : Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) report a runway as "slippery wet", when
the runway partially or entirely fails to satisfy the minimum (regulatory)
friction requirement of the responsible authority.
DRY SNOW : Dry snow is snow that, if compacted by hand, does not stay compressed
when released. The wind can blow dry snow. The density of dry snow is
approximately 0.2 kg/l (1.7 lb/US Gal).
WET SNOW : Wet snow is snow that, if compacted by hand, stays compressed when
released, and with which snowballs can be created. The density of wet
snow is approximately 0.4 kg/l (3.35 lb/US Gal).
STANDING WATER : Standing water occurs due to heavy rain and/or insufficient runway
drainage with a depth of more than 3 mm.
SLUSH : Slush is snow soaked with water, which spatters when stepped on
firmly. Slush occurs at temperatures around 5 °C and has a density of
approximately 0.85 kg/l (7.1 lb/US Gal).
ICE (Cold and Dry) : Situation in which ice occurs on the runway in cold and dry conditions.
WET ICE : When the ice on a runway melts, or there are loose/fluid contaminants
on top of the ice, the ice is referred to as "wet ice". When there is wet ice
on a runway, braking and directional control are difficult or not possible,
because the runway surface is very slippery.
EQUIVALENCES
Ident.: PER-LDG-CTA-20-00014917.0002001 / 21 JUL 14
Applicable to: ALL
For the below-listed reported contaminants, the following equivalent runway conditions can be
retained for the landing performance determination.
Reported contaminant
Equivalent Runway Condition
Type of contaminant Depth of contaminant
Slush
Water
≤ 3 mm (1/8 in) Wet
Wet snow
Dry snow
RESTRICTIONS
Ident.: PER-LDG-CTA-20-00023092.0001001 / 29 NOV 19
Applicable to: ALL
The RLD in the first table considers: Sea Level (SL), ISA, no wind, no slope, no engine reverse
thrust, manual landing, and VAPP=VLS.
Required Landing Distance (m)
Runway State Compacted Dry / Wet Standing
Dry Wet Slush
Weight (1000 kg) snow snow Water
46 1 150 1 320 1 310 1 450 1 310 1 350
50 1 210 1 390 1 400 1 540 1 390 1 440
54 1 260 1 450 1 480 1 630 1 480 1 530
58 1 320 1 510 1 560 1 720 1 570 1 630
62 1 380 1 580 1 640 1 820 1 670 1 760
66 1 480 1 710 1 730 1 910 1 760 1 880
Corrections on Landing Distance (m)
Compacted Dry / Wet Standing
Runway State Dry Wet Slush
snow snow Water
Per 1 000 ft
Altitude + 60 + 70 + 90 + 100 + 140 + 140
ABOVE SL
Speed Per 5 kt + 100 + 100 + 80 + 90 + 110 + 160
Wind Per 5 kt TW + 150 + 170 + 150 + 180 + 220 + 300
Per Thrust
Reverse - - - 70 - 100 - 80 - 90
Reverser Operative
Extended
CG + 30 + 30 + 40 + 50 + 40 + 50
Forward CG
The RLD in the first table considers: Sea Level (SL), ISA, no wind, no slope, no engine reverse
thrust, manual landing, and VAPP=VLS.
Required Landing Distance (m)
Runway State Compacted Dry / Wet Standing
Dry Wet Slush
Weight (1000 kg) snow snow Water
46 1 200 1 380 1 380 1 540 1 360 1 410
50 1 200 1 380 1 390 1 550 1 380 1 420
54 1 230 1 410 1 440 1 610 1 430 1 480
58 1 290 1 480 1 520 1 700 1 520 1 570
62 1 350 1 550 1 600 1 790 1 610 1 660
68 1 480 1 700 1 720 1 930 1 760 1 840
Corrections on Landing Distance (m)
Compacted Dry / Wet Standing
Runway State Dry Wet Slush
snow snow Water
Per 1 000 ft
Altitude + 60 + 70 + 80 + 100 + 140 + 130
ABOVE SL
Speed Per 5 kt + 90 + 110 + 90 + 100 + 150 + 190
Wind Per 5 kt TW + 150 + 170 + 160 + 190 + 260 + 320
Per Thrust
Reverse - - - 80 - 120 - 70 - 80
Reverser Operative
Extended
CG + 20 + 20 + 20 + 30 + 40 + 40
Forward CG
RLD CONF 3
Ident.: PER-LDG-DIS-RLD-00022207.0033001 / 27 FEB 18
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
The RLD in the first table considers: Sea Level (SL), ISA, no wind, no slope, no engine reverse
thrust, manual landing, and VAPP=VLS.
Required Landing Distance (m)
Runway State Compacted Dry / Wet Standing
Dry Wet Slush
Weight (1000 kg) snow snow Water
46 1 210 1 390 1 410 1 570 1 410 1 460
50 1 270 1 460 1 500 1 670 1 510 1 560
54 1 330 1 520 1 590 1 770 1 610 1 660
58 1 390 1 600 1 680 1 870 1 710 1 800
62 1 470 1 690 1 770 1 970 1 810 1 940
66 1 610 1 850 1 860 2 070 1 920 2 090
Corrections on Landing Distance (m)
Compacted Dry / Wet Standing
Runway State Dry Wet Slush
snow snow Water
Per 1 000 ft
Altitude + 70 + 80 + 100 + 110 + 160 + 170
ABOVE SL
Speed Per 5 kt + 100 + 120 + 90 + 110 + 140 + 180
Wind Per 5 kt TW + 150 + 170 + 160 + 190 + 260 + 340
Per Thrust
Reverse - - - 90 - 130 - 100 - 110
Reverser Operative
Extended
CG + 30 + 30 + 40 + 50 + 50 + 60
Forward CG
RLD CONF 3
Ident.: PER-LDG-DIS-RLD-00022207.0012001 / 27 FEB 18
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
The RLD in the first table considers: Sea Level (SL), ISA, no wind, no slope, no engine reverse
thrust, manual landing, and VAPP=VLS.
Required Landing Distance (m)
Runway State Compacted Dry / Wet Standing
Dry Wet Slush
Weight (1000 kg) snow snow Water
46 1 250 1 440 1 460 1 630 1 450 1 490
50 1 310 1 510 1 550 1 740 1 550 1 600
54 1 370 1 580 1 640 1 850 1 650 1 720
58 1 440 1 660 1 740 1 950 1 780 1 860
62 1 530 1 760 1 830 2 060 1 930 2 010
68 1 730 1 990 1 970 2 220 2 140 2 230
Corrections on Landing Distance (m)
Compacted Dry / Wet Standing
Runway State Dry Wet Slush
snow snow Water
Per 1 000 ft
Altitude + 70 + 80 + 100 + 120 + 170 + 160
ABOVE SL
Speed Per 5 kt + 100 + 120 + 100 + 110 + 150 + 190
Wind Per 5 kt TW + 150 + 170 + 170 + 200 + 280 + 360
Per Thrust
Reverse - - - 100 - 140 - 100 - 100
Reverser Operative
Extended
CG + 30 + 30 + 40 + 40 + 50 + 60
Forward CG
EXAMPLE
Ident.: PER-LDG-DIS-RLD-00014743.0001001 / 29 JUL 16
Applicable to: ALL
EXAMPLE 1
The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if the
data in the following example is in “kg” and “m”, the same method can be applied for “lb” and “ft”.
Required Landing Distance (RLD) determination with multiple corrections
Data: Landing CONF = CONF FULL
LW = 58 T
DRY runway
Airport altitude = 2 000 ft
Approach speed = VLS
5 kt TW
ISA conditions
No slope
Read the reference distance for 58 T from RLD table:
Required Landing Distances (m)
Runway State Compacted Standing
Dry Wet Slush
Weight (1000 kg) snow Water
46 1 150 1 320 1 310 1 300 1 350
50 Do not use for operational purpose
54 1 260 1 450 1 480 1 480 1 530
58 1 320 1 510 1 560 1 570 1 630
62 1 380 1 580 1 640 1 670 1 750
66 1 480 1 710 1 730 1 760 1 880
RLD (WATER, 2 000 ft, VLS, no wind, all reversers) = 1 630 + 140 x 2 - 110 x 2 = 1 690 m
Compare this distance to the landing distance in the same conditions on WET runway:
RLD (WET, 2 000 ft, VLS, no wind) = 1 510 + 70 x 2 = 1 650 m
Determine the corrected required landing distance for manual landing from the data above.
The required landing distance for automatic landing is equal to the corrected required landing
distance for manual landing except in the following case:
‐ In case of landing in CONF FULL with headwind, it is equal to the corrected required landing
distance for manual required landing increased by 170 m.
Determine the corrected required landing distance for manual landing from the data above.
The required landing distance for automatic landing is equal to the corrected required landing
distance for manual landing except in the following case:
‐ In case of landing in CONF 3 with landing weight equal to or less than 50 000 kg and with
headwind at or above 25 kt, it is equal to the corrected required landing distance for manual
landing increased by 40 m.
PERFORMANCE
PER-OEI-GEN GENERAL
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................A
FLIGHT PREPARATION......................................................................................................................................... B
STRATEGY..............................................................................................................................................................C
PER-OEI-ALT ALTITUDE
PER-OEI-ALT-10 CEILINGS
Ceilings.....................................................................................................................................................................A
PER-OEI-HLD HOLDING
HOLDING................................................................................................................................................................. A
PER-OEI-DES DESCENT
PER-OEI-DES-10 STANDARD STRATEGY
DESCENT - M.78/300KT.........................................................................................................................................A
INTRODUCTION
Ident.: PER-OEI-GEN-00002064.0001001 / 10 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
This chapter provides the single engine performance data to be used for the conduct and monitoring
of the flight following an engine failure.
The diversion strategy (descent and cruise speed schedules) shall be selected, and specified in the
operator’s routes specifications, as a function of the prevailing operational factors (e.g. obstacles
clearance requirements and/or ETOPS operation).
FLIGHT PREPARATION
Ident.: PER-OEI-GEN-00002065.0001001 / 01 DEC 14
Applicable to: ALL
In readiness for a possible engine failure occurring during the flight, any flight shall be planned so as
to comply with any of the following requirements, as applicable :
• obstacle clearance,
• oxygen,
• maximum diversion distance (ETOPS operation).
The following FCOM sections provide flight preparation and fuel planning information :
• Refer to PER-FPL-GEN-MFR MINIMUM RECOMMENDED FUEL REQUIREMENTS, for Standard
Fuel Planning,
• Refer to PRO-SPO-40-10 General, for Extended Range Operation (ETOPS) and associated fuel
requirements.
STRATEGY
Ident.: PER-OEI-GEN-00002067.0001001 / 23 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
Depending on the prevailing operational constraints, the most appropriate diversion strategy shall be
selected, out of the following options:
STANDARD OBSTACLE FIXED SPEED STRATEGIES
STRATEGY STRATEGY 320 kt VMO
DESCENT • M .78/300 kt • Green Dot Speed • M .78/320 kt • M .80/350 kt
TO CEILING • MCT • MCT • MCT • MCT
FL per Refer to FL per Refer to
‐ Obstacle not
PRO-SPO-40-60 PRO-SPO-40-60
cleared:
ETOPS Fuel ETOPS Fuel
Maintain Green Dot
LR ceiling Requirement from Requirement from
CRUISE LR speed
Speed at MCT
Critical Point to Critical Point to
‐ Obstacle cleared :
Landing - One Engine Landing - One Engine
Revert to standard
Out - Cruise at 320kt Out - Cruise at 350kt
strategy
MCT/320 kt MCT/350 kt
DESCENT
IDLE/M .78/300 kt/250 kt
TO LANDING
Approx
increase in fuel
consumption
+33 %
compared with
both engines
operative
For ETOPS operations, any of the above diversion strategies can be used provided that the selected
strategy and speed schedule is used in:
‐ establishing the area of operation (maximum diversion distance), Refer to PRO-SPO-40-60
General,
‐ calculating the diversion fuel requirements for the single engine ETOPS critical scenario, Refer to
PRO-SPO-40-30 ETOPS Fuel Scenarios,
‐ demonstrating the applicable obstacle clearance requirements (net flight path and net ceiling).
During the diversion, the flight crew is expected to use the planned speed schedule.
However, based on the evaluation of the actual situation, the pilot in command has the authority to
deviate from this planned one engine inoperative speed.
CEILINGS
Ident.: PER-OEI-ALT-10-00016065.0001001 / 22 MAR 17
Applicable to: ALL
Refer to QRH/PER-L Ceilings (Paper Only) or use the performance application of FlySmart with
Airbus.
In cruise quick check tables (Refer to QRH/PER-L In Cruise Quick Check Long Range (Paper Only)
or use the performance application of FlySmart with Airbus) allow the flight crew to determine the
fuel consumption and the time required to cover a given air distance from any moment in cruise to
landing, with one engine inoperative.
The QRH tables are established for:
‐ Cruise Mach number : long range
‐ Descent profile : M .78/300 kt/250 kt
‐ Approach and landing : 120 kg or 270 lb - 6 min IMC
‐ ISA
‐ CG = 33 %
‐ Pack flow HI
‐ Anti ice OFF
Note: 1. In the tables, the asterisk (*) means that a step climb of 4 000 ft must be flown to reach
the corresponding flight level.
2. The flight level shown on the top of each column is the final flight level.
3. For each degree Celsius above ISA temperature apply a fuel correction of 0.015
(kg/°C/NM) × Δ ISA (°C) × air distance (NM) or 0.033 (lb/°C/NM) × ΔISA (°C) × air
distance (NM).
The in cruise quick check tables are based on a reference initial weight.
A correction on the fuel consumption has to be made, when the actual initial weight is different from
the reference initial weight.
If it is lower (or greater) than the reference weight, subtract (or add) the value given in the correction
part of the table per 1 000 kg or 1 000 lb below (or above) the reference initial weight (Refer to
PER-OEI-DES-20 DESCENT - M.80/350KT).
GENERAL
Ident.: PER-OEI-ICQ-20-00002125.0001001 / 14 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
The following in cruise quick check tables allow the flight crew to determine the fuel consumption and
the time required to cover a given air distance from any moment in cruise to landing with one engine
inoperative.
These tables are established for:
‐ Cruise speed: MCT/VMO, MCT/320 kt.
‐ Descent profile: M .78/300 kt/250 kt
‐ Approach and landing: 120 kg or 270 lb - 6 min IMC
‐ ISA
‐ CG = 33 %
‐ Pack flow HI
‐ Anti ice OFF
Note: 1. In the tables, the asterisk "*" means that a step climb of 4 000 ft has been made to reach
the corresponding flight level.
2. The flight level shown on the top of each column is the final flight level.
3. For each degree Celsius above ISA apply a fuel correction of
0.015 (kg/°C/NM) × ΔISA (°C) × Air Distance (NM)
or 0.033 (lb/°C/NM) × ΔISA (°C) × Air Distance (NM)
The in cruise quick check tables are based on a reference initial weight. The fuel consumption must
be corrected when the actual weight is different from the reference initial weight.
If it is lower (or greater) than the reference weight, subtract (or add) the value given in the
correction part of the table per 1 000 kg or 1 000 lb below (or above) the reference weight (Refer to
PER-OEI-DES-20 DESCENT - M.80/350KT).
IN CRUISE QUICK CHECK FROM ANY MOMENT IN CRUISE TO LANDING - 1 ENGINE OUT
CRUISE : MCT/VMO - DESCENT : M.78/300KT/250KT
IMC PROCEDURE : 120 KG (6 MIN)
REF. INITIAL WEIGHT = 55000 KG ISA FUEL CONSUMED (KG)
HIGH AIR CONDITIONING CG=33.0%
ANTI ICE OFF TIME (H.MIN)
CORRECTION ON
FUEL CONSUMPTION
AIR FLIGHT LEVEL (KG/1000KG)
DIST. FL100 FL160 FL200
(NM) 100 150 160 180 200 220 FL150 FL180 FL220
1509 1333 1286 1194 1119 1051 0 0 0
200
0.39 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38
1900 1693 1635 1522 1431 1347 0 0 0
250
0.47 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46
2291 2053 1984 1851 1743 1644 0 0 1
300
0.55 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.53 0.53
2682 2413 2333 2179 2055 1940 0 0 1
350
1.03 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01
3073 2773 2682 2507 2367 2237 0 0 1
400
1.11 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09
3464 3133 3031 2834 2679 2533 0 0 2
450
1.19 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16
3855 3493 3380 3162 2990 2829 0 1 2
500
1.26 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24
4245 3852 3728 3490 3302 3126 1 1 3
550
1.34 1.31 1.31 1.32 1.31 1.31
4636 4212 4077 3818 3614 3422 1 1 4
600
1.42 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39
5027 4571 4426 4146 3925 3718 1 1 4
650
1.50 1.46 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47
5417 4931 4775 4474 4236 4014 2 2 5
700
1.58 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54
750 5808 5290 5123 4801 4548 4310 2 2 5
CORRECTIONS ENGINE ANTI ICE ON TOTAL ANTI ICE ON
FUEL +2% + 4.5 %
Continued on the following page
IN CRUISE QUICK CHECK FROM ANY MOMENT IN CRUISE TO LANDING - 1 ENGINE OUT
CRUISE : MCT/320KT - DESCENT : M.78/300KT/250KT
IMC PROCEDURE : 120 KG (6 MIN)
REF. INITIAL WEIGHT = 55000 KG ISA FUEL CONSUMED (KG)
HIGH AIR CONDITIONING CG=33.0%
ANTI ICE OFF TIME (H.MIN)
CORRECTION ON
FUEL CONSUMPTION
AIR FLIGHT LEVEL (KG/1000KG)
DIST. FL100 FL160 FL200
(NM) 100 150 160 180 200 220 FL150 FL180 FL220
1453 1333 1286 1194 1119 1051 0 0 0
200
0.40 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38
1828 1693 1635 1522 1431 1347 0 0 0
250
0.48 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46
2202 2053 1984 1851 1743 1644 0 0 1
300
0.56 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.53 0.53
2576 2413 2333 2179 2055 1940 0 0 1
350
1.04 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01
2950 2773 2682 2507 2367 2237 1 0 1
400
1.12 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09
3323 3133 3031 2834 2679 2533 1 0 2
450
1.21 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16
3697 3493 3380 3162 2990 2829 2 1 2
500
1.29 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24
4070 3852 3728 3490 3302 3126 2 1 3
550
1.37 1.31 1.31 1.32 1.31 1.31
4442 4212 4077 3818 3614 3422 2 1 4
600
1.45 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39
4815 4571 4426 4146 3925 3718 3 1 4
650
1.53 1.46 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47
5187 4931 4775 4474 4236 4014 3 2 5
700
2.01 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54
750 5559 5290 5123 4801 4548 4310 4 2 5
CORRECTIONS ENGINE ANTI ICE ON TOTAL ANTI ICE ON
FUEL +2% + 4.5 %
Continued on the following page
HOLDING
Ident.: PER-OEI-HLD-00002130.0143001 / 16 MAR 15
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
HOLDING
Ident.: PER-OEI-HLD-00002130.0012001 / 28 FEB 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
DESCENT - M.78/300KT
Ident.: PER-OEI-DES-10-00002135.0064001 / 16 MAR 15
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
DESCENT - M.78/300KT
Ident.: PER-OEI-DES-10-00002135.0009001 / 09 MAR 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
‐ For LONG RANGE CRUISE table Refer to PER-OEI-CRT-10 LONG RANGE CRUISE - 1 ENGINE
OUT - ISA
‐ For IN CRUISE QUICK CHECK Refer to QRH/PER-L In Cruise Quick Check Long Range (Paper
Only) or use the performance application of FlySmart with Airbus.
DESCENT - M.80/350KT
Ident.: PER-OEI-DES-20-00002136.0064001 / 16 MAR 15
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
DESCENT - M.80/350KT
Ident.: PER-OEI-DES-20-00002136.0012001 / 22 FEB 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
DESCENT - M.78/320KT
Ident.: PER-OEI-DES-20-00002137.0064001 / 16 MAR 15
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
DESCENT - M.78/320KT
Ident.: PER-OEI-DES-20-00002137.0012001 / 02 FEB 11
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539
DESCENT TO LANDING
Ident.: PER-OEI-DES-30-00002138.0060001 / 16 MAR 15
Applicable to: MSN 09194-10425
DESCENT TO LANDING
Ident.: PER-OEI-DES-30-00002138.0011001 / 09 DEC 09
Applicable to: MSN 07502-08539