VIGNANA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(AUTONOMOUS)
Aushapur (V), Ghatkesar (M), MedchalDist. TS

Annexure-I
Computer Oriented Statistical Methods
Question Bank

UNIT-I
PROBABILITY, RANDOM VARIABLES AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
1. Define (i).Random Variable.(ii). Discrete Random variable and Continuous Random
variable.[TL-Remembering] (2M)
2. A sample of 3 items is selected at random from a box containing 10 items of which 4
are defective. Find the expected number of defective items.[TL-Remembering] (2M)
3. If X is a continuous random variable and Y=ax+b, show that E(Y)=aE(X)+b and
V(Y)= a2 V(X), where V stands for variance and a, b are constants.[TL-Applying] (2M)

1
f ( x )=
4. Find the mean and variance of the uniform probability distribution given by n
for x=1,2,3….,n[TL-Remembering] (2M)
5. For the continuous probability function f ( x )=k x 2 e−x when x ≥ 0 , find (i). K (ii).Mean.
[TL-Remembering] (2M)
6. Let X denote the number of heads in a single toss of 4 fair coins. Determine
( i ) . P ( x< 2 )( ii ) . P ( 1< x ≤ 3 ) .[TL-Remembering]
7. A fair coin is tossed until a head or five tails occurs. Find the expected number E of
tosses of coin.[TL-Remembering](2M)
8. A player wins if he gets 5 on a single throw of a die, he loses if he gets 2 or 4. If he
wins, he gets Rs. 50, if he loses he gets Rs. 10 other wise he has to pay Rs. 15. Find
the value of the game to the player. Is it favourable?[TL-Remembering] (5M)
9. For the discrete probability distribution

X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
F 0 2K 2K 3K K2 2K2 7K2+k
Determine 1.K 2. Mean 3. Variance [TL-Applying] (5M)
10. Continuous random variable has the probability density function
−λx
f ( x )={kx e , for x ≥0 , λ >0 0 , otherwise
Determine (i).K (ii). Mean (iii). Variance[TL-Applying] (5M)
11. A fair die is tossed. Let the random variable X denote the twice the number appearing
on the die: (i). Write the probability distribution of X (ii). The mean (iii). The
variance.[TL-Understanding] (5M)
12. X is a continuous random variable with probability density function given by f(x)=
{kx , for 0 ≤ x ≤1 2 x , for 2≤ x ≤ 4 k ( 6−x ) , for 4 ≤ x ≤ 6
Find k and mean of the density function.[TL-Remembering] (5M)
13. Suppose a continuous random variable X has the probability density
{f (x )=K (1−x 2 ) for 0< x <1 f (x )=0 otherwise Find (i). K (ii).Mean (iii). Variance.
[TL-Remembering] (5M)
14. The probability density f ( x) of a continuous random variable is given by
f ( x )=k e−¿x∨¿ ,−∞ <x< ∞ ¿
Determine k, mean and variance of the distribution and also find the probability that
the variate lies between 0 and 4.[TL-Applying](5M)
15. Of the three men, the chances that a politician, a business man or an academician will
be appointed as a vice-chancellor (V.C) of a university are 0.5,0.3,0.2 respectively.
Probability that research is promoted by these persons if they are appointed as V.C are
0.3,0.7,0.8 respectively. (i). Determine the probability that research is promoted.
(ii). If research is promoted, what is the probability that V.C is an academician.[TL-
Applying](5M)

UNIT-II
DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS & CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS

16. Ten coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting atleast 7 heads.
[TL-Remembering] (2M)
17. The probability that a man hitting a target is 1/3. If he fires 6 times ,find the
probability that he fires i) at most 5 times ii) exactly once iii) at least 2 times. [TL-
Remembering](2M)
18. If the mean of a poisson variable is 1.8, then find (i). p(x>1) (ii). P(x=5).[TL-
Remembering](2M)
19. Average number of accidents on any day on a national highway is 1.8. Determine
the probability that the number of accidents are (i). at least one (ii). At most one.
[TL-Remembering].(2M)
20. A die is tossed until 6 appears. Find the probability that it must be cast more than
5 times.[TL-Remembering](2M)
21. The mean height of students in a college is 155 cms and standard deviation is 15.
What is the probability that the mean height of 36 students is less than 157cms.[TL-
Applying](2M)
22. Find the probability of getting 1 or 3 or 4 or 5 in throwing die 5 to 7 times among 9
trails, using Normal distribution.[TL-Remembering](2M)
 23. Out of 800 families with 5 children each, how many would you expect to have a) 3
boys b) 5 girls c) either 2 or 3 boys d) at least one boy. Assume equal probabilities for
boys and girls. [TL-Applying] (5M)
24. Assume that 50% of all engineering students are good in mathematics.Determine the
probabilities that among 18 engineering students.
(i). Exactly 10 (ii).At least 10 (iii). At most 8 (iv) At least 2 and at most 9 are good in
mathematics.[TL-Applying](5M)
25. Let x be the number of days until the closing process of a certain stock shows a gain
over the previous day’s closing price. Assume that x is a geometric random variable
with p=0.5, the probability of a gain in the price from on day to the next day.
(i)Find the mean and standard deviation of x
(ii). What is the probability that more than 2 days pass before a gain in price from one
day to the next is observed.[TL-Applying](5M)
26. The marks obtained in mathematics by 1000 students are normally distributed with
mean 78% and standard deviation 11%. Determine
i. How many students got marks above 90%?
ii. What was the highest mark obtained by the lowest 10% of students?
iii. Within what limits did the middle of 90% of the students lie.[TL-
Applying](5M)
27. The mean inside diameter of a sample of 200 washers produced by a machine is 0.500
cms with standard deviation 0.005 cms. The purpose of which these washers are
intended a maximum tolerance in the diameter 0.495 to 0.505 cms. Otherwise the
washers are considered defective. Determine the percentage of defective washers
produced by the machine, assuming the diameters are normally distributed. [TL-
Applying](5M)
28. The length of time for one individual to be served at a cafeteria is a random variable
having an exponential distribution with a man of 4 minutes. What is the probability
that a person is served in less than 3 minutes on at least 4 of the next days.[TL-
Applying](5M)
29. In a certain city the daily consumption of electric power in millions of kilowatt hours
is a random variable x having a gamma distribution with mean μ=6 and variance
σ =12.(i). Find the values of a and λ .(ii). Find the probability that on any given day,
2

the daily power consumption will exceed 12.[TL-Applying](5M)

30. In a certain city, the consumption of water (in millions of litres) follows
1
approximately a gamma distribution with λ=2 and a= of the daily capacity of that
3
city is 9 million litres of water, what is the probability that on any given day the water
supply is in adequate.[TL-Applying](5M)
 UNIT-III
ESTIMATIONS AND TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

31. Define Null Hypothesis and Alternate hypothesis. [TL-Remembering] (2M)

32. Explain the terms Type I and Type II errors.[TL-Understanding] (2M)
33. In a random sample of 125 cool drinkers, 68 said they prefer thumps up to Pepsi. Test
the null hypothesis P=0.5 against the alternative hypothesis P>0.5.[TL-Evaluating]
(2M)
34. A random sample of size 100 has a standard deviation of 5. What can you say about
the maximum error with 95% confidence.[TL-Remembering] (2M)
35. A random sample of size 81 was taken variance is 20.25 and mean is 32. Construct
98% confidence interval.[TL-Applying] (2M)
36. A sample of 900 members has a mean 3.4 cm and standard deviation 2.61 cm. Can the
sample be regarded as one drawn form a population with mean 3.25 cm. Using the
level of significance as 0.05, is the claim acceptable[TL-Applying](2M)
37. In a study of an automobile insurance a random sample of 80 body repair costs had a
mean of 473.26 and standard deviation Rs.62.35. If x is used as a point estimate to the
true average repair cost, with what confidence we assert that the maximum error does
not exceed Rs. 10.[TL-Applying] (2M)
38. In a hospital 480 female and 520 male babies were born in a week. Do these figures
confirm the hypothesis that males and females are born in equal number?[TL-
Applying] (5M)

39. A manufacturer claims that only 4% of has products are defective. A random sample
of 500 were taken among which 100 were defective. Test the hypothesis at 0.05 level.
[TL-Evaluating](5M)
40. A sample of 400 items is taken from a population whose standard deviation is 10. the
mean of the sample is 40. Test whether the sample has come from a population with
mean 38. Also calculate 95% confidence interval for the population.[TL-Evaluating]
(5M)

41. In a sample of 1000 people in Karnataka 540 are rice eaters and the rest are wheat
eaters. Can we assume that both rice and wheat are equally popular in this state at 1%
level of significance?[TL-Applying] (5M)
42. Random samples of 400 men and 600 women were asked whether they would like to
have a flyover near their residence. 200 men and 325 women were in favour of the
proposal. Test the hypothesis that proportions of men and women in favour of the
proposal are same,at 5% level.[TL-Evaluating] (5M)
43. A random sample of size 100 is taken from a population with σ =5.1. Given that the
sample mean is x=21.6 . Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population mean
μ.[TL-Applying] (5M)
44. A sample of 900 members has a mean of 3.4 cms and S.D 2.61 cms. Is this sample has
been taken from a large population of mean 3.25 cm and S.D 2.61 cms. If the
population is normal and its mean is unknown find the 95% fiducial limits of true
mean.[TL-Applying] (5M)
45. 20 people were attacked by a disease and only 18 survived. Will you reject the
hypothesis that the survival rate if attacked by this disease is 85% in favour of the
hypothesis that is more at 5% level.[TL-Applying] (5M)

UNIT-IV

SMALL SAMPLE TESTS

46. A sample of 155 members has mean 67 and S.D 5.2. Is this sample has been taken
from a large population of mean 70? [TL-Evaluating](2M)
47. A sample of 26 bulbs gives a mean life of 990 hours with a S.D of 20 hours. The
manufacturer claims that the mean life of bulbs is 1000hours. Is the sample not up to
the standard?[TL-Evaluating](2M)
48. The mean weekly sales of soap bars in departmental stores was 146.3 bars per store.3.
After an advertising campaign the mean weekly sales in 22 stores for a typical week
increased to 153.7 and showed a standard deviation of 17.2 was the advertising
campaign successful?[TL-Evaluating](2M)
49. A sample of 20 items has mean 42 units and standard deviation 5 units. Test the
hypothesis that it is a random sample from a normal population with 45 units.
[TL-Evaluating](2M)

50. A random sample of 10 bags of pesticide are taken whose weights are 50, 49, 52, 44,
45, 48, 46, 45, 49, 45 (in kgs). Test whether the average packing can be taken to be
50kgs. [TL-Evaluating](2M)

51. In one sample of 8 observations, the sum of the squares of deviations of the sample
values from the sample mean was 84.4 and in the other sample of 10 observations it
was 102.6. Test whether this difference is significant at 5 percent level, given that the
5 percent point of F for n1=7 and n2=9 degrees of freedom is 3.29. [TL-Evaluating]
(2M)
52. Write F-distribution. List the properties of F-distribution.[TL-Remembering] (2M)
53. In one sample of 10 observations, the sum of the squares of the deviations of the
sample values from sample mean was 120 and in the other sample of 12 observations
it was 3.14. Test whether the difference is significant at 5% level? [TL-Evaluating]
(5M)

54. The average breaking strength of the steel rod is specified to be 18.5 thousand pounds.
To test this a sample of 14 rods was tested. The mean and standard deviations
 obtained were 17.85 and 1.955 respectively. If the result of the experiment significant.
[TL-Evaluating](5M)
55. To compare two kinds of bumper guards, 6 of each kind were mounted on a car and
then the car was run into a concrete wall. The following are the costs of repairs.

Guard 107 148 123 165 102 119

1

Guard 134 115 112 151 133 129

2

Use the 0.01 level of significance to test whether the difference between two sample
means is significant.[TL-Evaluating] (5M)
56. Pumpkins were grown under two experimental conditions. Two random samples of 11
and 9 pumpkins, show the sample standard deviations of their weights as 0.8 and 0.5
respectively. Assuming that the weight distributions are normal, test hypothesis that
the true variances are equal.[TL-Evaluating](5M)

57. The measurements of the output of two units have given the following results.
Assuming that both samples have been obtained from the normal populations at 10%
significant level, test whether the two populations have the same variance.
Unit-A 14.1 10.1 14.7 13.7 14.0
Unit-B 14.0 14.5 13.7 12.7 14.1
[TL-Evaluating](5M)

58. The following data give the yields on 12 plots of land in three samples, each of 4
plots, under three varieties of fertilizers A, B and C.
A B C
25 20 24
22 17 26
24 16 30
21 19 20
Is there any significant difference in the average yields of land under the three
varieties of fertilizers[TL-Evaluating](5M)

59. Three samples, each of size 5, were drawn from three uncorrelated normal
populationswith equal variances. Test the hypothesis that the population means are
equal at 5% level.
Sample 1 10 12 9 16 13
 Sample 2 9 7 12 11 11
Sample 3 14 11 15 14 16
[TL-Evaluating](5M)

60. The following data give the number of units produced perday by 4 workers A,B,C,D
using four different types of machines M1,M2,M3,M4
M1 M2 M3 M4
A 45 42 48 38
B 40 32 50 34
C 43 36 44 40
D 36 38 46 36
(a). Using whether the mean productions of the four different types of machines are
equal
(b). Test also whether the four workers differ with respect to mean productivity.[TL-
Evaluating](5M)

UNIT-V
STOCHASTIC PROCESSES AND MARKOV CHAINS

61. Define stochastic process. What are the classifications of stochastic process? [TL-
Remembering](2M)
62. Define Markov process and Markov chain.[TL-Remembering](2M)
63. Which of the following matrices are stochastic?[TL-Understanding](2M)

a)
[10/4 12/4 ] b) ¿
[ 1 0 0 ¿ ] ¿ ¿¿
64. Which of the stochastic matrices are regular?[TL-Understanding](2M)

[ ] [ ]
1/2 1/2 0 0 0 1
1/2 1/2 0 1/2 0 1/2
a) 1/4 1/4 1/2 b) 0 1 0
65. Define transition probability matrix and regular matrix. [TL-Remembering] (2M)
66. Consider the transition probability matrix of a Markov chain as
( 0.3 0.7 0 0.1 0.4 0.5 0 0.2 0.8 )
Check whether the chain is irreducible.[TL-Remembering](2M)
67. A gambler has Rs2. He bets Rs1 at a time and wins Rs1 with probability ½. He stops
playing if he loses Rs2 or wins Rs4. (a) What is the tpm of the related Markov chain
 (b) What is the probability that he has lost his money at the end of 5 plays (c) What is
the probability that the game lasts more than 7 plays.[Tl-Applying](5M)
68. Define different classification of states and chains.[TL-Remembering](5M)
69. Three boys A, B and C are throwing a ball to each other. A always throws the ball to B
and B always throws the ball to C; but C is likely to throw the ball to B as to A. show
that the process is Markovian. Find the transition matrix and classify the states. Do
all the states are Ergodic.[TL-Applying](5M)
70. In a cascade of binary communication channels the symbols 1 and 0 are transmitted
in successive stages. In any stage the probability of transmitted 1 is received as a 1 is
0.75 and the probability of a 0 is received as a 0 is 0.5. Find the probability that (i). 1
is transmitted in the first stage is received correctly and (ii).0 is transmitted in the
first stage is received as 1 after the third stage.[TL-Applying](5M)
71. A rain process is considered as a two state Markov chain. If it rains it is considered to
be in state 0 and if it does not rain the chain is in state 1. The transition probability of
the Markov chain is defined as P=( 0.6 0.4 0.20.8 ). Find the probability that it will rain
for three days from today assuming that is raining today. Find also the unconditional
probability that it will rain after three days. Assume the initial probabilities of state 0
and 1 as 0.4 and 0.6 respectively.[TL-Applying](5M)
72. A person owning a scooter has the option to switch over to scooter, bike or a car
next with the probability of (0.3, 0.5, 0.2). If the transition probability matrix is
( 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.25 0.25 0.5 ). what are the probabilities of vehicles related to
his fourth purchase.[TL-Applying](5M)
73. Evaluate P(2) and P(3) for the homogeneous Markov chain given by the transition
probability matrix P(1)=( 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.20.7 ). [TL-Evaluating](5M)