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    Fins in Fishes PDF

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    Puran Bista
    Fins are important organs of locomotion in fish. There are two types of fins - paired and unpaired. Theories on the origin of paired fins include the gill arch theory, external gill theory, fin fold theory, fin spine theory, and ostracoderm theory. However, the fin fold theory is best supported, proposing that fins developed from the separation and fusion of continuous median and lateral folds along the body wall. Caudal fins play an important role in forward propulsion and come in diphycercal, heterocercal, and homocercal forms.

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    Fins in Fishes PDF

    Uploaded by

    Puran Bista
    316 views33 pages
    Fins are important organs of locomotion in fish. There are two types of fins - paired and unpaired. Theories on the origin of paired fins include the gill arch theory, external gill theory, fin fold theory, fin spine theory, and ostracoderm theory. However, the fin fold theory is best supported, proposing that fins developed from the separation and fusion of continuous median and lateral folds along the body wall. Caudal fins play an important role in forward propulsion and come in diphycercal, heterocercal, and homocercal forms.

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    FINS-IN-FISHES-pdf

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    Fins are important organs of locomotion in fish. There are two types of fins - paired and unpaired. Theories on the origin of paired fins include the gill arch theory, external gill theory, fin fold theory, fin spine theory, and ostracoderm theory. However, the fin fold theory is best supported, proposing that fins developed from the separation and fusion of continuous median and lateral folds along the body wall. Caudal fins play an important role in forward propulsion and come in diphycercal, heterocercal, and homocercal forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    316 views33 pages

    Fins in Fishes PDF

    Uploaded by

    Puran Bista
    Fins are important organs of locomotion in fish. There are two types of fins - paired and unpaired. Theories on the origin of paired fins include the gill arch theory, external gill theory, fin fold theory, fin spine theory, and ostracoderm theory. However, the fin fold theory is best supported, proposing that fins developed from the separation and fusion of continuous median and lateral folds along the body wall. Caudal fins play an important role in forward propulsion and come in diphycercal, heterocercal, and homocercal forms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 33

    FINS IN FISHES

    Introduction
    • Fins are chief organs of locomotion in fishes.
    • These are folds of skin or projections from body surface &
    supported by fin rays .
    • Fin rays may be bony ,cartilaginous ,fibrous or horny .
    Types of fins
    2 types of fins
    Unpaired/median and Paired/lateral

    Unpaired & Paired fins are supported by skeletal rods called


    radials & dermal fin ray .
    Unpaired fins
    • Include one or two dorsal fin along mid dorsal line, a ventral
    anal fin behind anus or vent (cloaca) and caudal fin around
    the tip of tail.Dorsal may be in a series or reduced or absent.
    Anal may be absent esp. in bottom dweller
    Paired fins
    • Paired fins include pectoral and pelvic corresponding to fore
    & hind limbs of terrestrial vertebrates. Posterior pelvic called
    thoracic when placed below pectoral & abdominal /ventral
    when in front of anus
    Use of fins
    • Fish swim by lateral movement of tail fin .
    • Paired lateral serve to maintain equilibrium .
    • caudal fin serve as rudder .
    • Lung fish use them as legs in walking .
    • Exocoetus use pectoral fin for gliding
    • Pelvic in male chondrichthyes modified as claspers .
    Cont…
    • In Echeneis anterior dorsal fin form sucker on head .
    • In some teleosts anal fin form intromittent organ or ovipositor
    Origin of fins
    • Median fins are believed to have originated from continuous
    fold of tissue. Fold extend from posterior region of head &
    continues posteriorly around tail & extend upto anus. Fold of
    skin supported by series of parallel cartilaginous rods. The
    rods divided into lower basal piece in body wall & upper
    radial piece lying in fin fold. From fin fold D, C & A-- fin
    have evolved by restriction of radial at certain area &
    degeneration of fold between them .
    Theories to explain origin of paired fins
    • Gill arch theory
    • External gill theory
    • Fin fold theory
    • Fin spine theory
    • Ostracoderm theory
    Gill arch theory
    • Proposed by Gegenbaur
    • paired fins are modified gill structures , girdle represent gill
    arches & Fin fold with skeleton represent gill flaps or septa .
    • Posterior gill arch shift posteriorly forming pelvic fin .
    • This theory is not supported by morphological ,
    embryological & palaeontological evidences .
    External gill theory
    • By Graham Kerr
    • Paired fins & skeleton derived from external gills which
    occur temporarily in some larval forms .

    (no supporting evidence)


    Fin fold diagram
    Fin fold theory
    • By Balfour & Thacher & supported by Mivart.
    • The continuous median & lateral folds of body wall were
    present in some ancestral fish.
    • The fold were separated in anterior part & fused in caudal
    region forming ventral fin fold.
    • It has anatomical & embryological evidences.
    Cont…
    • The fold became enlarged at certain portion & intermediate
    portion disappeared.
    • A pair of pectoral near gill arch ,a pair of pelvic near anus , a
    median dorsal & caudal fin also developed.
    Evidences to support this theory
    1. Skeletal structure of paired & unpaired fin similar in basic
    plan indicating common mode of origin .
    2. Embryos of certain elasmobranch , early stage show
    continuous series of muscle band which disappear except at
    paired & unpaired fin .
    3. In extinct Devonian acanthodian shark a row of numerous
    small accessory spiny fin on either side between pectoral &
    pelvic fin as remnant of fin fold .
    Cont…
    4. In extinct shark Cladoselache pectoral & pelvic fin broad
    without basal notches & supported by parallel cartilaginous
    rods.
    5. In Climatius there was series of small spines & finlets
    between pectoral & pelvic fin.
    Fin spine theory
    • Proposed by Gregory & Raven –supported by
    palaeontological evidences .
    • Several pairs of fins in acanthodians as defensive spines
    often support membranous structures .
    • All spines & webs lost except anterior & posterior pair
    which later evolved into pectoral & pelvic fins for
    locomotion .
    Cont…
    • Fins appeared from spines & membranous structures
    between spines & body wall .
    Ostracoderm theory
    • Some ostracoderm possessed lateral fleshy lobes & dermal
    spines projecting from either lateral sides & developed to
    pectoral and pelvic fins .
    Caudal fin
    • It plays role in forward propulsion during swimming .
    • Caudal fins are Diphycercal / Protocercal ,Heterocercal &
    Homocercal
    • In Hippocampus tail is prehensile .
    • It is reduced in eel, rays & lacking in sting ray .
    Diphycercal ( protocercal )
    • Most primitive in which vertebral column extends upto tip of
    tail & divide caudal fin into 2 equal halves dorsal
    epichordal & ventral hypochordal lobe.
    • Both lobes equal in size & symmetrical .
    • It occurs in cyclostomes, primitive sharks, Holocephali ,
    Dipnoi, Latimeria ,larval teleost .
    Heterocercal
    • Intermediate type, vertebral column bend upward & reach
    upto tip of prominent dorsal lobe & make caudal fin
    asymmetrical .
    • Found in modern elasmobranch , chondrosteans, extinct
    dipnoans & osteolepid .
    • Characteristic of bottom feeder with ventral mouth ,without
    swim bladder.
    Cont…
    • Stroke of dorsal lobe direct fish towards bottom.
    • Opposite of it hypocercal found in Exocoetus & Ostracoderm
    Homocercal
    • Most common
    • Found in teleosts.
    • Externally symmetrical but internally asymmetrical .
    • Vertebral column turned upward & greatly reduced .Tip of
    which do not reach posterior limit of fin .
    • In deep sea form [chimaera] vertebral column straight &
    elongated forming Isocercal .
    •
    Cont…
    • Caudal disappear completely forming –Gephyrocercal in
    fieraspis .
    • In abbreviated homocercal caudal fin --vertebral column a bit
    elongated & upturned with or without fleshy lobe .
    • It is intermediate between hetero & homocercal type &
    found in Polypterus ,Amia & Lepidosteus .
    • Protocercal is considered primitive ,heterocercal intermediate
    & homocercal advanced .

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