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Part 04 Lesson 4 The Fundamental of Data Structure and Algorithm

The document discusses the fundamentals of data structures, algorithms, and programs. It defines data structures as specialized formats for organizing and storing data for efficient access and use in programs. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures to solve problems and achieve desired outputs. Programs are sets of instructions computers can follow to run. The document emphasizes that algorithms and data structures are inherently related and together form programs.

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Nut Youlong
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16 views

Part 04 Lesson 4 The Fundamental of Data Structure and Algorithm

The document discusses the fundamentals of data structures, algorithms, and programs. It defines data structures as specialized formats for organizing and storing data for efficient access and use in programs. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures to solve problems and achieve desired outputs. Programs are sets of instructions computers can follow to run. The document emphasizes that algorithms and data structures are inherently related and together form programs.

Uploaded by

Nut Youlong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Fundamental of Data Structure and Algorithms

Data Structure
A data structure is a specialized format of data for arranging and storing data so that any user
can easily access and worked within an appropriate data to run a program efficiently. Computer
memory data can be organized logically or mathematically, and this process is known as a data
structure. Data structures are an important part of the field of computer science in order to
efficiently handle and organize (store, process, and access) data in order to solve real-life
problems. Some of the examples of data structures are Stack, Queue, Arrays, Tree, Heap, etc.

Algorithm
Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure, which defines a set of instructions to be executed in a
certain order to get the desired output. An algorithm can be implemented in more than one
programming language. Following are some important categories of algorithms:

• Search − Algorithm to search an item in a data structure.


• Sort − Algorithm to sort items in a certain order.
• Insert − Algorithm to insert item in a data structure.
• Update − Algorithm to update an existing item in a data structure.
• Delete − Algorithm to delete an existing item from a data structure.

Program
A program is a set of instructions that a computer can run. Programs are clear, ordered, and in
a language that computers can follow. When you create a program, you write it using some
kind of computer language. Your language statements are the source program. You then
compile the source program with a special program called a language compiler,

According to the book was written by Niklaus Wirth in 1976 covering some of the fundamental
topics of computer programming, particularly that algorithms and data structures are
inherently related.
Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs
Data Compared to Information
Data are simply facts or figures — bits of information, but not information itself. When data are
processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to make them meaningful or
useful, they are called information.
Some differences between data and information:

• Data is used as input for the computer system. Information is the output of data.
• Data is unprocessed facts figures. Information is processed data.
• Data doesn’t depend on Information. Information depends on data.
• Data is not specific. Information is specific.
• Data is a single unit. A group of data, which carries news and meaning, is called
Information.
• Data doesn’t carry a meaning. Information must carry a logical meaning.
• Data is the raw material. Information is the product.

Draw the ipo chart for a program that reads a number from the user and display the square of
that number

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